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Lialys L, Lialys J, Salandrino A, Ackley BD, Fardad S. Optical trapping of sub-millimeter sized particles and microorganisms. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8615. [PMID: 37244967 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35829-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
While optical tweezers (OT) are mostly used for confining smaller size particles, the counter-propagating (CP) dual-beam traps have been a versatile method for confining both small and larger size particles including biological specimen. However, CP traps are complex sensitive systems, requiring tedious alignment to achieve perfect symmetry with rather low trapping stiffness values compared to OT. Moreover, due to their relatively weak forces, CP traps are limited in the size of particles they can confine which is about 100 μm. In this paper, a new class of counter-propagating optical tweezers with a broken symmetry is discussed and experimentally demonstrated to trap and manipulate larger than 100 μm particles inside liquid media. Our technique exploits a single Gaussian beam folding back on itself in an asymmetrical fashion forming a CP trap capable of confining small and significantly larger particles (up to 250 μm in diameter) based on optical forces only. Such optical trapping of large-size specimen to the best of our knowledge has not been demonstrated before. The broken symmetry of the trap combined with the retro-reflection of the beam has not only significantly simplified the alignment of the system, but also made it robust to slight misalignments and enhances the trapping stiffness as shown later. Moreover, our proposed trapping method is quite versatile as it allows for trapping and translating of a wide variety of particle sizes and shapes, ranging from one micron up to a few hundred of microns including microorganisms, using very low laser powers and numerical aperture optics. This in turn, permits the integration of a wide range of spectroscopy techniques for imaging and studying the optically trapped specimen. As an example, we will demonstrate how this novel technique enables simultaneous 3D trapping and light-sheet microscopy of C. elegans worms with up to 450 µm length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurynas Lialys
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, University of Kansas, Lawrence, 66045, USA
| | - Justinas Lialys
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, University of Kansas, Lawrence, 66045, USA
| | - Alessandro Salandrino
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, University of Kansas, Lawrence, 66045, USA
- I2S, Institute for Information Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, 66045, USA
| | - Brian D Ackley
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, 66045, USA
| | - Shima Fardad
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, University of Kansas, Lawrence, 66045, USA.
- I2S, Institute for Information Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, 66045, USA.
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2
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Tang H, Sun H, Li R, Yang L, Song N, Zhang S, Wei B, Zhu Z, Wei B, Gong S, Mitri FG. Optical radiation force on a dielectric sphere by a polarized Airy beam. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2022; 39:2090-2103. [PMID: 36520706 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.464812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The optical radiation force acting on a homogeneous and lossless dielectric spherical particle by a polarized Airy beam is analyzed in terms of the generalized Lorenz-Mie theory. The transverse and longitudinal radiation force components are theoretically evaluated and numerically simulated, emphasizing the transverse scale ω0, attenuation parameter γ, and polarization of the incident Airy beam versus the size parameter ka of the sphere. These results reveal that a polarized Airy beam can trap the dielectric sphere in its main caustic or sidelobes of the beam by the optical transverse force and be guided along the parabolic trajectory of the longitudinal optical force. Moreover, γ and ω0 of the Airy beams and ka of the dielectric sphere can affect the amplitude and distribution of the optical force components. This research may be helpful for the development of Airy optical tweezers in applications involving particle manipulation, optical levitation, particle sorting, and other emergent areas.
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Landenberger B, Yatish, Rohrbach A. Towards non-blind optical tweezing by finding 3D refractive index changes through off-focus interferometric tracking. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6922. [PMID: 34836958 PMCID: PMC8626468 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27262-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In modern 3D microscopy, holding and orienting arbitrary biological objects with optical forces instead of using coverslips and gel cylinders is still a vision. Although optical trapping forces are strong enough and related photodamage is acceptable, the precise (re-) orientation of large specimen with multiple optical traps is difficult, since they grab blindly at the object and often slip off. Here, we present an approach to localize and track regions with increased refractive index using several holographic optical traps with a single camera in an off-focus position. We estimate the 3D grabbing positions around several trapping foci in parallel through analysis of the beam deformations, which are continuously measured by defocused camera images of cellular structures inside cell clusters. Although non-blind optical trapping is still a vision, this is an important step towards fully computer-controlled orientation and feature-optimized laser scanning of sub-mm sized biological specimen for future 3D light microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Landenberger
- grid.5963.9Laboratory for Bio- and Nano-Photonics, Department of Microsystems Engineering-IMTEK, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany ,grid.5963.9BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Yatish
- grid.5963.9Laboratory for Bio- and Nano-Photonics, Department of Microsystems Engineering-IMTEK, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany ,CIBSS - Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, Freiburg, Germany ,grid.5963.9Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Rohrbach
- Laboratory for Bio- and Nano-Photonics, Department of Microsystems Engineering-IMTEK, University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg, Germany. .,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. .,CIBSS - Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, Freiburg, Germany.
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Liang Y, Yan S, Wang Z, Li R, Cai Y, He M, Yao B, Lei M. Simultaneous optical trapping and imaging in the axial plane: a review of current progress. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2020; 83:032401. [PMID: 31995793 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ab7175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Optical trapping has become a powerful tool in numerous fields such as biology, physics, chemistry, etc. In conventional optical trapping systems, trapping and imaging share the same objective lens, confining the region of observation to the focal plane. For the capture of optical trapping processes occurring in other planes, especially the axial plane (the one containing the z-axis), many methods have been proposed to achieve this goal. Here, we review the methods of acquiring the axial-plane information from which axial plane trapping is observed and discuss their advantages and limitations. To overcome the limitations existing in these methods, we developed an optical tweezers system that allows for simultaneous optical trapping and imaging in the axial plane. The versatility and usefulness of the system in axial-plane trapping and imaging are demonstrated by investigating its trapping performance with various optical fields, including Bessel, Airy, and snake-like beams. The potential applications of the reported technique are suggested to several research fields, including optical pulling, longitudinal optical binding, tomographic phase microscopy (TPM), and super-resolution microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansheng Liang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Quantum Optoelectronic Devices, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
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Yang Z, Cole KLH, Qiu Y, Somorjai IML, Wijesinghe P, Nylk J, Cochran S, Spalding GC, Lyons DA, Dholakia K. Light sheet microscopy with acoustic sample confinement. Nat Commun 2019; 10:669. [PMID: 30737391 PMCID: PMC6368588 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08514-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Contactless sample confinement would enable a whole host of new studies in developmental biology and neuroscience, in particular, when combined with long-term, wide-field optical imaging. To achieve this goal, we demonstrate a contactless acoustic gradient force trap for sample confinement in light sheet microscopy. Our approach allows the integration of real-time environmentally controlled experiments with wide-field low photo-toxic imaging, which we demonstrate on a variety of marine animal embryos and larvae. To illustrate the key advantages of our approach, we provide quantitative data for the dynamic response of the heartbeat of zebrafish larvae to verapamil and norepinephrine, which are known to affect cardiovascular function. Optical flow analysis allows us to explore the cardiac cycle of the zebrafish and determine the changes in contractile volume within the heart. Overcoming the restrictions of sample immobilisation and mounting can open up a broad range of studies, with real-time drug-based assays and biomechanical analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyi Yang
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK.
- Electron Bio-Imaging Centre, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK.
| | - Katy L H Cole
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, MS Society Centre for Translational Research, Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Yongqiang Qiu
- School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
- Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Ildikó M L Somorjai
- The Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 8LB, UK
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, North Haugh, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Philip Wijesinghe
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
- BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
- Department of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Jonathan Nylk
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Sandy Cochran
- School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Gabriel C Spalding
- Department of Physics, Illinois Wesleyan University, Bloomington, IL, 61701, USA
| | - David A Lyons
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, MS Society Centre for Translational Research, Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Kishan Dholakia
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK.
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Kashekodi AB, Meinert T, Michiels R, Rohrbach A. Miniature scanning light-sheet illumination implemented in a conventional microscope. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9:4263-4274. [PMID: 30615716 PMCID: PMC6157761 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.004263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Living cells are highly dynamic systems responding to a large variety of biochemical and mechanical stimuli over minutes, which are well controlled by e.g. optical tweezers. However, live cell investigation through fluorescence microscopy is usually limited not only by the spatial and temporal imaging resolution but also by fluorophore bleaching. Therefore, we designed a miniature light-sheet illumination system that is implemented in a conventional inverted microscope equipped with optical tweezers and interferometric tracking to capture 3D images of living macrophages at reduced bleaching. The horizontal light-sheet is generated with a 0.12 mm small cantilevered mirror placed at 45° to the detection axis. The objective launched illumination beam is reflected by the micro-mirror and illuminates the sample perpendicular to the detection axis. Lateral and axial scanning of both Gaussian and Bessel beams, together with an electrically tunable lens for fast focusing, enables rapid 3D image capture without moving the sample or the objective lens. Using scanned Bessel beams and line-confocal detection, an average axial resolution of 0.8 µm together with a 10-15 fold improved image contrast is achieved.
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7
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Power RM, Huisken J. A guide to light-sheet fluorescence microscopy for multiscale imaging. Nat Methods 2017; 14:360-373. [DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.4224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 405] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Norregaard K, Metzler R, Ritter CM, Berg-Sørensen K, Oddershede LB. Manipulation and Motion of Organelles and Single Molecules in Living Cells. Chem Rev 2017; 117:4342-4375. [PMID: 28156096 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The biomolecule is among the most important building blocks of biological systems, and a full understanding of its function forms the scaffold for describing the mechanisms of higher order structures as organelles and cells. Force is a fundamental regulatory mechanism of biomolecular interactions driving many cellular processes. The forces on a molecular scale are exactly in the range that can be manipulated and probed with single molecule force spectroscopy. The natural environment of a biomolecule is inside a living cell, hence, this is the most relevant environment for probing their function. In vivo studies are, however, challenged by the complexity of the cell. In this review, we start with presenting relevant theoretical tools for analyzing single molecule data obtained in intracellular environments followed by a description of state-of-the art visualization techniques. The most commonly used force spectroscopy techniques, namely optical tweezers, magnetic tweezers, and atomic force microscopy, are described in detail, and their strength and limitations related to in vivo experiments are discussed. Finally, recent exciting discoveries within the field of in vivo manipulation and dynamics of single molecule and organelles are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamilla Norregaard
- Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Science and Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen , 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ralf Metzler
- Institute for Physics & Astronomy, University of Potsdam , 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Christine M Ritter
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen , 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Lene B Oddershede
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen , 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Lee SA, Ponjavic A, Siv C, Lee SF, Biteen JS. Nanoscopic Cellular Imaging: Confinement Broadens Understanding. ACS NANO 2016; 10:8143-8153. [PMID: 27602688 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b02863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, single-molecule fluorescence imaging has been reconciling a fundamental mismatch between optical microscopy and subcellular biophysics. However, the next step in nanoscale imaging in living cells can be accessed only by optical excitation confinement geometries. Here, we review three methods of confinement that can enable nanoscale imaging in living cells: excitation confinement by laser illumination with beam shaping; physical confinement by micron-scale geometries in bacterial cells; and nanoscale confinement by nanophotonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Aleks Ponjavic
- Department of Chemistry, Cambridge University , Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Chanrith Siv
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Steven F Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Cambridge University , Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Julie S Biteen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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A compact light-sheet microscope for the study of the mammalian central nervous system. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26317. [PMID: 27215692 PMCID: PMC4877654 DOI: 10.1038/srep26317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigation of the transient processes integral to neuronal function demands rapid and high-resolution imaging techniques over a large field of view, which cannot be achieved with conventional scanning microscopes. Here we describe a compact light sheet fluorescence microscope, featuring a 45° inverted geometry and an integrated photolysis laser, that is optimized for applications in neuroscience, in particular fast imaging of sub-neuronal structures in mammalian brain slices. We demonstrate the utility of this design for three-dimensional morphological reconstruction, activation of a single synapse with localized photolysis, and fast imaging of neuronal Ca2+ signalling across a large field of view. The developed system opens up a host of novel applications for the neuroscience community.
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