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Tabernero J, Kallamata E, Velonias G, Vera-Diaz FA. Individualized modeling for the peripheral optics of the human myopic eye. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:2726-2735. [PMID: 37342699 PMCID: PMC10278608 DOI: 10.1364/boe.489792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Individualized optical modelling of the eye is a useful tool to estimate optical properties of the eye from a set of geometrical parameters. In the context of myopia research, it is important to understand not only the on-axis (foveal) optical quality, but also the peripheral profile. This work describes a method to extend on-axis individualized eye modeling to the peripheral retina. Using measurements of corneal geometry, axial distances, and central optical quality from a group of young adults, a crystalline lens model was built to help reproduce the peripheral optical quality of the eye. Subsequent individualized eye models were generated from each of the 25 participants. These models were used to predict the individual peripheral optical quality over the central 40 degrees. Outcomes of the final model were then compared to the actual measurements of peripheral optical quality in these participants, measured with a scanning aberrometer. A high agreement was found between the final model and measured optical quality for the relative spherical equivalent and J0 astigmatism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Tabernero
- Departamento de Electromagnetismo y Electrónica, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Enian Kallamata
- New England College of Optometry, 424 Beacon Street, Boston, MA 02140, USA
| | - Gabriella Velonias
- New England College of Optometry, 424 Beacon Street, Boston, MA 02140, USA
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Manoharan MK, Thakur S, Dhakal R, Gupta SK, Priscilla JJ, Bhandary SK, Srivastava A, Marmamula S, Poigal N, Verkicharla PK. Myopia progression risk assessment score (MPRAS): a promising new tool for risk stratification. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8858. [PMID: 37258536 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35696-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Timely identification of individuals "at-risk" for myopia progression is the leading requisite for myopia practice as it aids in the decision of appropriate management. This study aimed to develop 'myopia progression risk assessment score' (MPRAS) based on multiple risk factors (10) to determine whether a myope is "at-risk" or "low-risk" for myopia progression. Two risk-score models (model-1: non-weightage, model-2: weightage) were developed. Ability of MPRAS to diagnose individual "at-risk" for myopia progression was compared against decision of five clinicians in 149 myopes, aged 6-29 years. Using model-1 (no-weightage), further 7 sub-models were created with varying number of risk factors in decreasing step-wise manner (1a: 10 factors to 1g: 4 factors). In random eye analysis for model-1, the highest Youden's J-index (0.63-0.65) led to the MPRAS cut-off score of 41.50-43.50 for 5 clinicians with a sensitivity ranging from 78 to 85% and specificity ranging from 79 to 87%. For this cut-off score, the mean area under the curve (AUC) between clinicians and the MPRAS model ranged from 0.89 to 0.90. Model-2 (weighted for few risk-factors) provided similar sensitivity, specificity, and AUC. Sub-model analysis revealed greater AUC with high sensitivity (89%) and specificity (94%) in model-1g that has 4 risk factors compared to other sub-models (1a-1f). All the MPRAS models showed good agreement with the clinician's decision in identifying individuals "at-risk" for myopia progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj K Manoharan
- Myopia Research Lab, Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, Brien Holden Institute of Optometry and Vision Sciences, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500034, India
- Infor Myopia Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Swapnil Thakur
- Myopia Research Lab, Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, Brien Holden Institute of Optometry and Vision Sciences, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500034, India
| | - Rohit Dhakal
- Myopia Research Lab, Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, Brien Holden Institute of Optometry and Vision Sciences, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500034, India
- Infor Myopia Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Satish K Gupta
- Myopia Research Lab, Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, Brien Holden Institute of Optometry and Vision Sciences, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500034, India
| | - Jacinth J Priscilla
- Myopia Research Lab, Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, Brien Holden Institute of Optometry and Vision Sciences, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500034, India
| | - Shashank K Bhandary
- Myopia Research Lab, Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, Brien Holden Institute of Optometry and Vision Sciences, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500034, India
| | - Alok Srivastava
- L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Sri Innovation and Research Foundation, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Srinivas Marmamula
- Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye Care, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Nitish Poigal
- L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Pavan K Verkicharla
- Myopia Research Lab, Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, Brien Holden Institute of Optometry and Vision Sciences, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500034, India.
- Infor Myopia Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
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Atchison DA, Rozema JJ. Technical notes on peripheral refraction, peripheral eye length and retinal shape determination. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2023; 43:584-594. [PMID: 36700482 DOI: 10.1111/opo.13097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To give an overview of the misconceptions and potential artefacts associated with measuring peripheral refractive error and eye length, the use of these measures to determine the retinal shape and their links to myopia development. Several issues were identified: the relationship between peripheral refractive error and myopia development, inferring the retinal shape from peripheral refraction or eye length patterns, artefacts and accuracy when measuring peripheral eye length using an optical biometer. METHODS A theory was developed to investigate the influence of artefacts in measuring peripheral eye length and on using peripheral eye length to make inferences about retinal shape. RESULTS When determining peripheral axial length, disregarding the need to realign instruments with mounted targets can lead to incorrect field angles and positions of mounted targets by more than 10% for targets placed close to the eye. Peripheral eye length is not a good indicator of the effects of myopia or of treatment for myopia development because eyes of different lengths but with the same retinal shape would be interpreted as having different retinal shapes; the measurement leads to overestimates of changes in retinal curvature as myopia increases. Determining peripheral eye length as a function of estimated retinal height rather than field angle will halve the magnitude of the artefact. The artefact resulting from the peripheral use of biometers with an on-axis calibration is modest and can be ignored. CONCLUSION There are significant issues with peripheral measurements of the refractive error and eye length that must be considered when interpreting these data for myopia research. Some of these issues can be mitigated, while others require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Atchison
- Centre for Vision and Eye Research, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jos J Rozema
- Visual Optics Lab Antwerp (VOLANTIS), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Antwerp University, Wilrijk, Belgium.,Department of Ophthalmology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
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Manoharan MK, Atchison DA, Verkicharla PK. Do Anisometropic Eyes Have Steeper Retinas Than Their Isometropic Counterparts? Optom Vis Sci 2023; 100:67-73. [PMID: 36705716 DOI: 10.1097/opx.0000000000001948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Our findings suggest that retinal shapes of the eyes of anisometropes are not different from that of the eyes of isometropes with the same refractions. PURPOSE We investigated ( a ) intereye differences in relative peripheral eye lengths between isometropes and anisometropes and ( b ) if the retinal shape is different between isometropic and anisometropic eyes with the same central refraction. METHODS Central and peripheral eye lengths were determined along the horizontal meridian in 10° intervals out to ±30° using a noncontact biometer in 28 isometropes and 16 anisometropes. Retinal coordinates were estimated using these eye lengths and ray tracing. Retinal shape was determined in terms of vertex radius of curvature ( Rv ), asphericity ( Q ), and equivalent radius of curvature ( REq ). Linear regression was determined for the REq as functions of central refraction in a subset of isometropic and anisometropic eyes having the same refraction. RESULTS The differences in relative peripheral eye lengths between the two eyes of anisometropes were significantly greater than for isometropes at ±30° eccentricities. Higher myopic eyes of anisometropes had smaller Rv , more negative Q , and smaller REq than the lower myopic eyes for both isometropes and anisometropes (mean ± standard error of the mean: Rv , 9.8 ± 0.5 vs. 11.7 ± 0.4 mm [ P = .002]; Q , -1.1 ± 0.2 vs. -0.5 ± 0.2 [ P = .03]; REq , 11.5 ± 0.3 vs. 12.4 ± 0.2 mm [ P = .01]). Intercepts and slopes of the linear regressions of REq in anisometropes and their isometropic counterparts with the same refraction were not significantly different from each other ( P > .05). CONCLUSIONS Higher myopic eyes of anisometropes had similar retina shapes along the horizontal meridian to those of isometropic eyes with the same refraction.
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Hastings GD, Banks MS, Roorda A. Radial and Tangential Retinal Magnifications as Functions of Visual Field Angle Across Spherical, Oblate, and Prolate Retinal Profiles. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2022; 11:10. [PMID: 36121677 PMCID: PMC9503314 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.11.9.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To provide a tool for calculating radial and tangential retinal magnifications as functions of field angle and retinal shape and to articulate patterns of magnification across the retina for monocular and binocular combinations of prolate-, oblate-, and spherical-shaped retinas. Methods Formulae were derived to calculate radial and tangential retinal magnifications (mm/deg) from field angle (degrees), retinal asphericity (unitless conic constant), retinal vertex radius of curvature (mm), and nodal point position (mm). Monocular retinal magnifications were determined for eyes with prolate, spherical, and oblate retinas as functions of field angle. Bilateral differences in magnifications were examined for combinations of those eyes. Results Retinal shape substantially affects magnification profiles even for eyes with the same axial length. Greatest magnification changes across a retina and between eyes, as well as greatest increase in radial-tangential differences (distortion), occur with prolate retinas. Binocular magnification differences were smallest for oblate retinas. Nodal points anterior to the vertex center of curvature and oblate asphericity both cause field-dependent reductions in magnification relative to the fovea (barrel distortion), whereas nodal points posterior to vertex center of curvature and prolate asphericity cause the opposite (pincushion distortion). Retinal magnification differences due to eye shape are much greater than aniseikonia thresholds and chromatic differences in magnification. A spreadsheet tool implements the magnification calculations. Conclusions Local retinal magnifications as functions of field angle have substantial effects on objective applications (imaging retinal anatomy) and subjective experiences (aniseikonia) and quantify an ocular property that differs across eye shapes and refractive errors. Translational Relevance Methods are provided to customize the calculation of radial and tangential magnifications across the retina for individual eyes, which will bolster the multifactorial study of the effects of foveal and peripheral optics across eye shapes and refractive errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth D. Hastings
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Martin S. Banks
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Austin Roorda
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Li Q, Fang F. Contribution of the retinal contour to the peripheral optics of human eye. Vision Res 2022; 198:108055. [DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2022.108055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Mutti DO, Sinnott LT, Berntsen DA, Jones-Jordan LA, Orr DJ, Walline JJ. The Effect of Multifocal Soft Contact Lens Wear on Axial and Peripheral Eye Elongation in the BLINK Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:17. [PMID: 36169949 PMCID: PMC9526360 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.10.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare axial and peripheral eye elongation during myopia therapy with multifocal soft contact lenses. Methods Participants were 294 children (177 [60.2%] girls) age 7 to 11 years old with between -0.75 diopters (D) and -5.00 D of myopia (spherical component) and less than 1.00 D astigmatism at baseline. Children were randomly assigned to Biofinity soft contact lenses for 3 years: D-designs with a +2.50 D addition, +1.50 D addition, or single vision. Five measurements of eye length were averaged at the fovea, ±20°, and ±30° in the horizontal and vertical meridians of the right eye using the Haag-Streit Lenstar LS 900. Results Axial elongation over 3 years with single vision contact lenses was greater than peripheral elongation in the superior and temporal retinal qeuadrants by 0.07 mm (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.05 to 0.09 mm) and 0.06 mm (95% CI = 0.03 to 0.09 mm) and similar in the inferior and nasal quadrants. Axial elongation with +2.50 D addition multifocal contact lenses was similar to peripheral elongation in the superior retinal quadrant and less than peripheral elongation in the inferior and nasal quadrants by -0.04 mm (95% CI = -0.06 to -0.01 mm) and -0.06 mm (95% CI = -0.09 to -0.02 mm). Conclusions Wearing +2.50 D addition multifocal contact lenses neutralized or reversed the increase in retinal steepness with single vision lenses. The mismatch between greater inhibition of elongation at the fovea than peripherally despite greater peripheral myopic defocus suggests that optical myopia therapy may operate through extensive spatial integration or mechanisms other than local defocus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald O. Mutti
- The Ohio State University College of Optometry, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Loraine T. Sinnott
- The Ohio State University College of Optometry, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - David A. Berntsen
- University of Houston College of Optometry, Houston, Texas, United States
| | | | - Danielle J. Orr
- The Ohio State University College of Optometry, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Jeffrey J. Walline
- The Ohio State University College of Optometry, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - for the BLINK Study Group
- The Ohio State University College of Optometry, Columbus, Ohio, United States
- University of Houston College of Optometry, Houston, Texas, United States
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Hwang HB, Yeon JS, Moon GS, Jung HN, Kim JY, Jeon SH, Yoon JM, Kim HW, Kim YC. 3D Reconstruction of a Unitary Posterior Eye by Converging Optically Corrected Optical Coherence and Magnetic Resonance Tomography Images via 3D CAD. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2022; 11:24. [PMID: 35895054 PMCID: PMC9344223 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.11.7.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose In acquiring images of the posterior eye, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides low spatial resolution of the overall shape of the eye while optical coherence tomography (OCT) offers high spatial resolution of the limited range. Through the merger of the two devices, we attempted to acquire detailed anatomy of the posterior eye. Methods Optical and display distortions in OCT images were corrected using the Listing reduced eye model. The 3.0T orbital MRI images were placed on the three-dimensional coordinate system of the computer-aided design (CAD) program. Employing anterior scleral canal opening, visual axis, and scleral curvature as references, original and corrected OCT images were ported into the CAD application. The radii of curvature of the choroid–scleral interfaces (Rc values) of all original and corrected OCT images were compared to the MRI images. Results Sixty-five eyes of 33 participants (45.58 ± 19.82 years) with a mean Rc of 12.94 ± 1.24 mm on axial MRI and 13.66 ± 2.81 mm on sagittal MRI were included. The uncorrected horizontal OCT (30.51 ± 9.34 mm) and the uncorrected vertical OCT (34.35 ± 18.09 mm) lengths differed significantly from the MRI Rc values (both P < 0.001). However, the mean Rc values of the corrected horizontal (12.50 ± 1.21 mm) and vertical (13.05 ± 1.98 mm) images did not differ significantly from the Rc values of the corresponding MRI planes (P = 0.065 and P = 0.198, respectively). Conclusions Features identifiable only on OCT and features only on MRI were successfully integrated into a unitary posterior eye. Translational Relevance Our CAD-based converging method may establish the collective anatomy of the posterior eye and the neural canal, beyond the range of the OCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Bin Hwang
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Ophthalmology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | - Seung Hee Jeon
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Ophthalmology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Myoung Yoon
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Ophthalmology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Won Kim
- Gangnam St. Mary's One Eye Clinic, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Chan Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Ophthalmology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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van Vught L, Shamonin DP, Luyten GPM, Stoel BC, Beenakker JWM. MRI-based 3D retinal shape determination. BMJ Open Ophthalmol 2021; 6:e000855. [PMID: 34901465 PMCID: PMC8611437 DOI: 10.1136/bmjophth-2021-000855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To establish a good method to determine the retinal shape from MRI using three-dimensional (3D) ellipsoids as well as evaluate its reproducibility. Methods and analysis The left eyes of 31 volunteers were imaged using high-resolution ocular MRI. The 3D MR-images were segmented and ellipsoids were fitted to the resulting contours. The dependency of the resulting ellipsoid parameters on the evaluated fraction of the retinal contour was assessed by fitting ellipsoids to 41 different fractions. Furthermore, the reproducibility of the complete procedure was evaluated in four subjects. Finally, a comparison with conventional two-dimensional (2D) methods was made. Results The mean distance between the fitted ellipsoids and the segmented retinal contour was 0.03±0.01 mm (mean±SD) for the central retina and 0.13±0.03 mm for the peripheral retina. For the central retina, the resulting ellipsoid radii were 12.9±0.9, 13.7±1.5 and 12.2±1.2 mm along the horizontal, vertical and central axes. For the peripheral retina, these radii decreased to 11.9±0.6, 11.6±0.4 and 10.4±0.7 mm, which was accompanied by a mean 1.8 mm posterior shift of the ellipsoid centre. The reproducibility of the ellipsoid fitting was 0.3±1.2 mm for the central retina and 0.0±0.1 mm for the peripheral retina. When 2D methods were used to fit the peripheral retina, the fitted radii differed a mean 0.1±0.1 mm from the 3D method. Conclusion An accurate and reproducible determination of the 3D retinal shape based on MRI is provided together with 2D alternatives, enabling wider use of this method in the field of ophthalmology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc van Vught
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, CJ Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Denis P Shamonin
- Department of Radiology, Division of Image Processing (LKEB), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gregorius P M Luyten
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Berend C Stoel
- Department of Radiology, Division of Image Processing (LKEB), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jan-Willem M Beenakker
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, CJ Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Huang Y, Li X, Ding C, Chen Y, Chen H, Bao J. Orthokeratology reshapes eyes to be less prolate and more symmetric. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2021; 45:101532. [PMID: 34736858 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2021.101532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This prospective study assessed the influence of wearing and then discontinuing orthokeratology (OK) lenses on retinal shape and peripheral refraction in myopic children. METHODS Fifty-eight myopic children (age 8-12 years) were equally divided into an OK group and a single vision spectacles (SVS) group. After 12 months of OK, it was discontinued for 1 month. Peripheral eye length (PEL), relative peripheral refraction (RPR), and corneal parameters were measured in the right eye on the nasal and temporal retinal sides at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months (13 months in OK group) visits. RESULTS In the SVS group, faster elongation of the temporal side PEL made the eyes more asymmetric and prolate, developing a temporal pointed shape. In the OK group, the nasal retinal side PEL grew faster, the nasal RPR developed less hyperopic defocus, and the eye shape became more symmetric and less prolate. The central cornea became thinner and flattened, while the peripheral cornea became steeper. Changes in corneal thickness, relative peripheral corneal power, and K-values were no significant differences for the OK and SVS groups at 12 months. CONCLUSIONS The cornea reverted to be no difference with myopic children with SVS after 1 month discontinuation of OK. The retinal shape of SVS eyes became more asymmetric and prolate with myopia progression. OK remodelled retinal shape to be less asymmetric and less prolate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Huang
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health P.R. China, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xue Li
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health P.R. China, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenglu Ding
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunyun Chen
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jinhua Bao
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health P.R. China, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Yao X, Toslak D, Son T, Ma J. Understanding the relationship between visual-angle and eye-angle for reliable determination of the field-of-view in ultra-wide field fundus photography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:6651-6659. [PMID: 34745762 PMCID: PMC8547975 DOI: 10.1364/boe.433775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Visual-angle has been used as the conventional unit to determine the field-of-view (FOV) in traditional fundus photography. Recently emerging usage of eye-angle as the unit in wide field fundus photography creates confusion about FOV interpretation in instrumentation design and clinical application. This study aims to systematically derive the relationship between the visual-angle θv and eye-angle θe, and thus to enable reliable determination of the FOV in wide field fundus photography. FOV conversion ratio θe/θv, angular conversion ratio Δθe/Δθv, retinal conversion ratio Δd/Δθv, retinal distance and area are quantitatively evaluated. Systematic analysis indicates that reliable conversion between the θv and θe requires determined nodal point and spherical radius of the eye; and the conversion ratio is not linear from the central field to peripheral region. Based on the eye model with average parameters, both angular conversion (Δθe/Δθv) and retinal conversion (Δd/Δθv) ratios are observed to have a 1.51-fold difference at the central field and far peripheral region. A conversion table, including θe/θv, Δθe/Δθv, Δd/Δθv, retinal area and percentage ratio, is created for reliable assessment of imaging systems with variable FOV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xincheng Yao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Devrim Toslak
- Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Antalya, 07100, Turkey
| | - Taeyoon Son
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Jiechao Ma
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
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Tan B, McNabb RP, Zheng F, Sim YC, Yao X, Chua J, Ang M, Hoang QV, Kuo AN, Schmetterer L. Ultrawide field, distortion-corrected ocular shape estimation with MHz optical coherence tomography (OCT). BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:5770-5781. [PMID: 34692214 PMCID: PMC8515957 DOI: 10.1364/boe.428430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Ocular deformation may be associated with biomechanical alterations in the structures of the eye, especially the cornea and sclera in conditions such as keratoconus, congenital glaucoma, and pathological myopia. Here, we propose a method to estimate ocular shape using an ultra-wide field MHz swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) with a Fourier Domain Mode-Locked (FDML) laser and distortion correction of the images. The ocular biometrics for distortion correction was collected by an IOLMaster 700, and localized Gaussian curvature was proposed to quantify the ocular curvature covering a field-of-view up to 65°×62°. We achieved repeatable curvature shape measurements (intraclass coefficient = 0.88 ± 0.06) and demonstrated its applicability in a pilot study with individuals (N = 11) with various degrees of myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyao Tan
- SERI-NTU Advanced Ocular Engineering (STANCE), Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Authors contributed equally to the study
| | - Ryan P McNabb
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27607, USA
- Authors contributed equally to the study
| | - Feihui Zheng
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yin Ci Sim
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xinwen Yao
- SERI-NTU Advanced Ocular Engineering (STANCE), Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jacqueline Chua
- SERI-NTU Advanced Ocular Engineering (STANCE), Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Marcus Ang
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Quan V Hoang
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Anthony N Kuo
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27607, USA
| | - Leopold Schmetterer
- SERI-NTU Advanced Ocular Engineering (STANCE), Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland
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13
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Li Q, Fang F. Retinal contour modelling to reproduce two-dimensional peripheral spherical equivalent refraction. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:3948-3964. [PMID: 34457391 PMCID: PMC8367254 DOI: 10.1364/boe.426413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Reproduction of the peripheral spherical equivalent refraction (SER) in the eye model is critical for investigations in myopia control. Based on the derivation of a linear relationship between SER and the vergence of the wavefront at exit pupil center, a computing method is proposed to locate the retinal points to reproduce the two-dimensional (2D) distribution of SER. The method is validated by reproducing SER maps measured on both emmetropic and myopic eyes in a realistic eye model based on measurement data. By fitting the retinal points to a general ellipsoid, the limited capability of the general ellipsoid model in reproducing the 2D map of SER is calculated and compared with original data. The high accuracy in SER reproduction and low time-cost of the proposed retinal-locating method can help significantly improve the precision and accuracy of customized wide-angle eye modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Center of Micro/Nano Manufacturing Technology (MNMT-Dublin), University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Fengzhou Fang
- Center of Micro/Nano Manufacturing Technology (MNMT-Dublin), University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Laboratory of Micro/Nano Manufacturing Technology (MNMT), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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Comparison of Methods for Estimating Retinal Shape: Peripheral Refraction vs. Optical Coherence Tomography. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10020174. [PMID: 33419003 PMCID: PMC7825350 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10020174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal shape presents a clinical parameter of interest for myopia, and has commonly been inferred indirectly from peripheral refraction (PRX) profiles. Distortion-corrected optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans offer a new and direct possibility for retinal shape estimation. The current study compared retinal curvatures derived from OCT scans vs. PRX measurements in three refractive profiles (0° and 90° meridians, plus spherical equivalent) for 25 participants via Bland–Altman analysis. The radial differences between both procedures were correlated to axial length using Pearson correlation. In general, PRX- and OCT-based retinal radii showed low correlation (all intraclass correlation coefficients < 0.21). PRX found flatter retinal curvatures compared to OCT, with the highest absolute agreement found with the 90° meridian (mean difference +0.08 mm) and lowest in the 0° meridian (mean difference +0.89 mm). Moreover, a negative relation between axial length and the agreement of both methods was detected especially in the 90° meridian (R = −0.38, p = 0.06). PRX measurements tend to underestimate the retinal radius with increasing myopia when compared to OCT measurements. Therefore, future conclusions from PRX on retinal shape should be made cautiously. Rather, faster and more clinically feasible OCT imaging should be performed for this purpose.
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Breher K, Ohlendorf A, Wahl S. Myopia induces meridional growth asymmetry of the retina: a pilot study using wide-field swept-source OCT. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10886. [PMID: 32616797 PMCID: PMC7331682 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67940-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Myopic axial eye growth has mechanical implications on ocular structures, such as the retinal and foveal shape integrity or choroidal thickness. The current study investigated myopia-related changes of retinal radius of curvature, foveal width, depth, slope and choroidal thickness. Wide-field swept-source OCT line and volume scans were performed on 40 young adult participants in horizontal and vertical directions. OCT scans were corrected for their scan display distortions before automated extraction of retinal and foveal shape parameters. All findings were correlated to refractive error and axial length. The horizontal retinal radius of curvature and the directional ratio between horizontal and vertical retinal shape correlated significantly with axial length ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]). Vertical retinal shape and foveal pit parameters neither showed any significant correlations with axial length nor refractive error (all [Formula: see text] 0.05). Choroidal thickness correlated significantly with refractive error in all analyzed regions ([Formula: see text]), but less with axial length ([Formula: see text] to - 0.37). Horizontal retinal shape and choroidal thickness, but not foveal pit morphology, were altered by myopic eye growth. Asymmetries in horizontal versus vertical retinal shape with increasing myopia were detected. These parameters could act as promising biomarkers for myopia and its associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Breher
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Arne Ohlendorf
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Carl Zeiss Vision International GmbH, 73430, Aalen, Germany
| | - Siegfried Wahl
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Carl Zeiss Vision International GmbH, 73430, Aalen, Germany
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16
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Wolffsohn JS, Kollbaum PS, Berntsen DA, Atchison DA, Benavente A, Bradley A, Buckhurst H, Collins M, Fujikado T, Hiraoka T, Hirota M, Jones D, Logan NS, Lundström L, Torii H, Read SA, Naidoo K. IMI - Clinical Myopia Control Trials and Instrumentation Report. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:M132-M160. [PMID: 30817830 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-25955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The evidence-basis based on existing myopia control trials along with the supporting academic literature were reviewed; this informed recommendations on the outcomes suggested from clinical trials aimed at slowing myopia progression to show the effectiveness of treatments and the impact on patients. These outcomes were classified as primary (refractive error and/or axial length), secondary (patient reported outcomes and treatment compliance), and exploratory (peripheral refraction, accommodative changes, ocular alignment, pupil size, outdoor activity/lighting levels, anterior and posterior segment imaging, and tissue biomechanics). The currently available instrumentation, which the literature has shown to best achieve the primary and secondary outcomes, was reviewed and critiqued. Issues relating to study design and patient selection were also identified. These findings and consensus from the International Myopia Institute members led to final recommendations to inform future instrumentation development and to guide clinical trial protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S Wolffsohn
- Ophthalmic Research Group, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Pete S Kollbaum
- Indiana University, School of Optometry, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
| | - David A Berntsen
- The Ocular Surface Institute, College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - David A Atchison
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Australia
| | | | - Arthur Bradley
- Indiana University, School of Optometry, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
| | - Hetal Buckhurst
- School of Health Professions, Peninsula Allied Health Centre, Plymouth University, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Collins
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Australia
| | - Takashi Fujikado
- Department of Applied Visual Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Hiraoka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masakazu Hirota
- Department of Applied Visual Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Debbie Jones
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicola S Logan
- Ophthalmic Research Group, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Hidemasa Torii
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Scott A Read
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Australia
| | - Kovin Naidoo
- African Vision Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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17
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McNabb RP, Polans J, Keller B, Jackson-Atogi M, James CL, Vann RR, Izatt JA, Kuo AN. Wide-field whole eye OCT system with demonstration of quantitative retinal curvature estimation. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:338-355. [PMID: 30775104 PMCID: PMC6363197 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.000338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Current conventional clinical OCT systems image either only the anterior or the posterior eye during a single acquisition. This localized imaging limits conventional OCT's use for characterizing global ocular morphometry and biometry, which requires knowledge of spatial relationships across the entire eye. We developed a "whole eye" optical coherence tomography system that simultaneously acquires volumes with a wide field-of-view for both the anterior chamber (14 x 14 mm) and retina (55°) using a single source and detector. This system was used to measure retinal curvature in a pilot population and compared against curvature of the same eyes measured with magnetic resonance imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P. McNabb
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, 2351 Erwin Road, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - James Polans
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 101 Science Drive, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Brenton Keller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 101 Science Drive, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Moseph Jackson-Atogi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, 2351 Erwin Road, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Charlene L. James
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, 2351 Erwin Road, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Robin R. Vann
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, 2351 Erwin Road, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Joseph A. Izatt
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, 2351 Erwin Road, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 101 Science Drive, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Anthony N. Kuo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, 2351 Erwin Road, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 101 Science Drive, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
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18
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Khan A, Pope JM, Verkicharla PK, Suheimat M, Atchison DA. Change in human lens dimensions, lens refractive index distribution and ciliary body ring diameter with accommodation. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9. [PMID: 29541520 PMCID: PMC5846530 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.001272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We investigated changes in ciliary body ring diameter, lens dimensions and lens refractive index distributions with accommodation in young adults. A 3T clinical magnetic resonance imaging scanner imaged right eyes of 38 18-29 year old participants using a multiple spin echo sequence to determine accommodation-induced changes along lens axial and equatorial directions. Accommodation stimuli were approximately 1 D and 5 D. With accommodation, ciliary body ring diameter, and equatorial lens diameter decreased (-0.43 ± 0.31 mm and -0.30 ± 0.23 mm, respectively), and axial lens thickness increased ( + 0.34 ± 0.16 mm). Lens shape changes cause redistribution of the lens internal structure, leading to change in refractive index distribution profiles. With accommodation, in the axial direction refractive index profiles became flatter in the center and steeper near the periphery of the lens, while in the equatorial direction they became steeper in the center and flatter in the periphery. The results suggest that the anatomical accuracy of lens optical models can be improved by accounting for changes in the refractive index profile during accommodation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Khan
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar and New York, USA
- Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
- School of Optometry & Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
| | - James M. Pope
- Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
- School of Chemistry, Physics & Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Pavan K. Verkicharla
- Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
- School of Optometry & Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
- Brien Holden Institute of Optometry and Vision Sciences, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, Hyderabad, India
| | - Marwan Suheimat
- Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
- School of Optometry & Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
| | - David A. Atchison
- Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
- School of Optometry & Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
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19
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Kuo AN, Verkicharla PK, McNabb RP, Cheung CY, Hilal S, Farsiu S, Chen C, Wong TY, Ikram MK, Cheng CY, Young TL, Saw SM, Izatt JA. Posterior Eye Shape Measurement With Retinal OCT Compared to MRI. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 57:OCT196-203. [PMID: 27409473 PMCID: PMC4968781 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-18886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Posterior eye shape assessment by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used to study myopia. We tested the hypothesis that optical coherence tomography (OCT), as an alternative, could measure posterior eye shape similarly to MRI. Methods Macular spectral-domain OCT and brain MRI images previously acquired as part of the Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases study were analyzed. The right eye in the MRI and OCT images was automatically segmented. Optical coherence tomography segmentations were corrected for optical and display distortions requiring biometry data. The segmentations were fitted to spheres and ellipsoids to obtain the posterior eye radius of curvature (Rc) and asphericity (Qxz). The differences in Rc and Qxz measured by MRI and OCT were tested using paired t-tests. Categorical assignments of prolateness or oblateness using Qxz were compared. Results Fifty-two subjects (67.8 ± 5.6 years old) with spherical equivalent refraction from +0.50 to −5.38 were included. The mean paired difference between MRI and original OCT posterior eye Rc was 24.03 ± 46.49 mm (P = 0.0005). For corrected OCT images, the difference in Rc decreased to −0.23 ± 2.47 mm (P = 0.51). The difference between MRI and OCT asphericity, Qxz, was −0.052 ± 0.343 (P = 0.28). However, categorical agreement was only moderate (κ = 0.50). Conclusions Distortion-corrected OCT measurements of Rc and Qxz were not statistically significantly different from MRI, although the moderate categorical agreement suggests that individual differences remained. This study provides evidence that with distortion correction, noninvasive office-based OCT could potentially be used instead of MRI for the study of posterior eye shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony N Kuo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | | | - Ryan P McNabb
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Carol Y Cheung
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Saima Hilal
- Memory Aging & Cognition Centre and Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sina Farsiu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States 5Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Christopher Chen
- Memory Aging & Cognition Centre and Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tien Y Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, Singapore 6Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore 7Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - M Kamran Ikram
- Memory Aging & Cognition Centre and Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 8Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ching Y Cheng
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, Singapore 6Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Terri L Young
- Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore 9University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Seang M Saw
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, Singapore 6Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joseph A Izatt
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States 5Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States
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20
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Pope JM, Verkicharla PK, Sepehrband F, Suheimat M, Schmid KL, Atchison DA. Three-dimensional MRI study of the relationship between eye dimensions, retinal shape and myopia. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:2386-2395. [PMID: 28663880 PMCID: PMC5480487 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.002386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We investigated changes in eye dimensions and retinal shape with degree of myopia, gender and race. There were 58 young adult emmetropes and myopes (range -1.25D to -8.25D), with 30 East-Asians (21 female/9 male), 23 Caucasians (16/7) and 5 South-Asians (1/4). Three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging was undertaken with a 3.0 Tesla whole-body clinical MRI system using a 4.0 cm receive-only surface coil positioned over the eye. Automated methods determined eye length, width and height, and curve fitting procedures determined asymmetric and symmetric ellipsoid shapes to 75%, 55% and 35% of the retina. With myopia increase, eye dimensions increased in all directions such that increase in length was considerably greater than increases in width and height. Emmetropic retinas were oblate (steepening away from the vertex) but oblateness decreased with the increase in myopia, so that retinas were approximately spherical at 7 to 8D myopia. Asymmetry of eyes about the best fit visual axis was generally small, with small differences between the vertex radii of curvature and between asphericities in the axial and sagittal planes. Females had smaller eyes than males, with overall dimensions being about 0.5mm less for the former. Race appeared not to have a systematic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M. Pope
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4059 Australia
| | - Pavan K. Verkicharla
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4059 Australia
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4059 Australia
- Brien Holden Institute of Optometry and Vision Sciences, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad 500034, India
| | - Farshid Sepehrband
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4059 Australia
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4059 Australia
| | - Marwan Suheimat
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4059 Australia
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4059 Australia
| | - Katrina L. Schmid
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4059 Australia
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4059 Australia
| | - David A. Atchison
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4059 Australia
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4059 Australia
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21
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Verkicharla PK, Suheimat M, Schmid KL, Atchison DA. Differences in retinal shape between East Asian and Caucasian eyes. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2017; 37:275-283. [DOI: 10.1111/opo.12359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavan K. Verkicharla
- Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation; School of Optometry & Vision Science; Queensland University of Technology; Brisbane Australia
| | - Marwan Suheimat
- Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation; School of Optometry & Vision Science; Queensland University of Technology; Brisbane Australia
| | - Katrina L. Schmid
- Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation; School of Optometry & Vision Science; Queensland University of Technology; Brisbane Australia
| | - David A. Atchison
- Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation; School of Optometry & Vision Science; Queensland University of Technology; Brisbane Australia
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