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Wu X, Wang C, Gao W, Li R. Light-scattering-induced retardation as a high-sensitivity image contrast revealing collagen fibers. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:3560-3563. [PMID: 38950209 DOI: 10.1364/ol.527957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Retardation induced by media can be used as an image contrast to depict the cumulative birefringent features and local variations of the sample, respectively. It is commonly assumed that the retardation is induced by the light propagation; however, the light scattering would generate the retardation as well. In our work, the scattering-induced retardation as a high-sensitivity image contrast for revealing collagen fibers is presented. First, it is shown that the retardation induced by fiber scattering is equal to π when modeled as cylinders. Using the data for the chicken breast and the palm measured by the polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography system as an example, the scattering-induced retardation is calculated. The measured value of π is in complete agreement with the theory, and the corresponding retardation per unit distance is two orders of magnitude greater than the light-propagation-induced retardation, demonstrating its predominant role on the overall retardation and providing a possibility for highly sensitive displays. Compared with the accumulated retardation image and the differential retardation image, the scattering-induced retardation images could exhibit sharper fiber structures even in deeper regions. This work might be helpful for the early diagnosis of collagen-related diseases.
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Ohno-Matsui K, Igarashi-Yokoi T, Azuma T, Sugisawa K, Xiong J, Takahashi T, Uramoto K, Kamoi K, Okamoto M, Banerjee S, Yamanari M. Polarization-Sensitive OCT Imaging of Scleral Abnormalities in Eyes With High Myopia and Dome-Shaped Macula. JAMA Ophthalmol 2024; 142:310-319. [PMID: 38451488 PMCID: PMC10921350 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2024.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Importance The relevance of visualizing scleral fiber orientation may offer insights into the pathogenesis of pathologic myopia, including dome-shaped maculopathy (DSM). Objective To investigate the orientation and density of scleral collagen fibers in highly myopic eyes with and without DSM by polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT). Design, Setting, and Participants This case series included patients with highly myopic eyes (defined as a refractive error ≥6 diopters or an axial length ≥26.5 mm) with and without a DSM examined at a single site in May and June 2019. Analysis was performed from September 2019 to October 2023. Exposures The PS-OCT was used to study the birefringence and optic axis of the scleral collagen fibers. Main Outcomes and Measures The orientation and optic axis of scleral fibers in inner and outer layers of highly myopic eyes were assessed, and the results were compared between eyes with and without a DSM. Results A total of 72 patients (51 [70.8%] female; mean [SD] age, 61.5 [12.8] years) were included, and 89 highly myopic eyes were examined (mean [SD] axial length, 30.4 [1.7] mm); 52 (58.4%) did not have a DSM and 37 (41.6%) had a DSM (10 bidirectional [27.0%] and 27 horizontal [73.0%]). Among the 52 eyes without DSM, the 13 eyes with simple high myopia had primarily inner sclera visible, displaying radially oriented fibers in optic axis images. In contrast, the entire thickness of the sclera was visible in 39 eyes with pathologic myopia. In these eyes, the optic axis images showed vertically oriented fibers within the outer sclera. Eyes presenting with both horizontal and bidirectional DSMs had clusters of fibers with low birefringence at the site of the DSM. In the optic axis images, horizontally or obliquely oriented scleral fibers were aggregated in the inner layer at the DSM. The vertical fibers located posterior to the inner fiber aggregation were not thickened and appeared thin compared with the surrounding areas. Conclusions and Relevance This study using PS-OCT revealed inner scleral fiber aggregation without outer scleral thickening at the site of the DSM in highly myopic eyes. Given the common occurrence of scleral pathologies, such as DSM, and staphylomas in eyes with pathologic myopia, recognizing these fiber patterns could be important. These insights may be relevant to developing targeted therapies to address scleral abnormalities early and, thus, mitigate potential damage to the overlying neural tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Ohno-Matsui
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tae Igarashi-Yokoi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Azuma
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keigo Sugisawa
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jianping Xiong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomonari Takahashi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kengo Uramoto
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koju Kamoi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Masahiro Yamanari
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Tomey Corporation, Nagoya, Aichi-ken, Japan
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Abd El-Sadek I, Morishita R, Mori T, Makita S, Mukherjee P, Matsusaka S, Yasuno Y. Label-free visualization and quantification of the drug-type-dependent response of tumor spheroids by dynamic optical coherence tomography. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3366. [PMID: 38336794 PMCID: PMC10858208 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53171-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate label-free dynamic optical coherence tomography (D-OCT)-based visualization and quantitative assessment of patterns of tumor spheroid response to three anti-cancer drugs. The study involved treating human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7 cell-line) with paclitaxel (PTX), tamoxifen citrate (TAM), and doxorubicin (DOX) at concentrations of 0 (control), 0.1, 1, and 10 µM for 1, 3, and 6 days. In addition, fluorescence microscopy imaging was performed for reference. The D-OCT imaging was performed using a custom-built OCT device. Two algorithms, namely logarithmic intensity variance (LIV) and late OCT correlation decay speed (OCDS[Formula: see text]) were used to visualize the tissue dynamics. The spheroids treated with 0.1 and 1 µM TAM appeared similar to the control spheroid, whereas those treated with 10 µM TAM had significant structural corruption and decreasing LIV and OCDS[Formula: see text] over treatment time. The spheroids treated with PTX had decreasing volumes and decrease of LIV and OCDS[Formula: see text] signals over time at most PTX concentrations. The spheroids treated with DOX had decreasing and increasing volumes over time at DOX concentrations of 1 and 10 µM, respectively. Meanwhile, the LIV and OCDS[Formula: see text] signals decreased over treatment time at all DOX concentrations. The D-OCT, particularly OCDS[Formula: see text], patterns were consistent with the fluorescence microscopic patterns. The diversity in the structural and D-OCT results among the drug types and among the concentrations are explained by the mechanisms of the drugs. The presented results suggest that D-OCT is useful for evaluating the difference in the tumor spheroid response to different drugs and it can be a useful tool for anti-cancer drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Abd El-Sadek
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta City, Damietta, 34517, Egypt
| | - Rion Morishita
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Tomoko Mori
- Clinical Research and Regional Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Shuichi Makita
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Pradipta Mukherjee
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Satoshi Matsusaka
- Clinical Research and Regional Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Yasuno
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan.
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4
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Miura M, Makita S, Yasuno Y, Nakagawa H, Azuma S, Mino T, Miki A. Birefringence-derived artifact in optical coherence tomography imaging of the lamina cribrosa in eyes with glaucoma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17189. [PMID: 37821489 PMCID: PMC10567729 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43820-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated birefringence-derived artifacts that potentially mimic focal defects of the lamina cribrosa (focal LC defects) in optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging of eyes with glaucoma. This study included 74 eyes of 48 patients with glaucoma. Five horizontal line B-scan images of the optic disc were obtained using commercial swept-source OCT. From a dataset of prototype swept-source polarization-diversity OCT, we calculated the following types of OCT images: polarization-dependent, polarization-dependent attenuation-coefficient, polarization-independent, and polarization-independent attenuation-coefficient. We assessed the commercial OCT images for the presence of birefringence-derived artifacts by comparison with the polarization-diversity OCT images. Commercial OCT showed suggestive findings of focal LC defects in 17 of 74 eyes. Reevaluation using polarization-independent OCT revealed that the focal LC defects in one of 17 eyes (5.9%) were actually birefringence-derived artifacts. This study demonstrated the existence of birefringence-derived artifacts mimicking focal LC defects in commercial OCT imaging and indicated that polarization-diversity OCT is an effective tool to evaluate the presence of these artifacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Miura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ibaraki Medical Center, Tokyo Medical University, 3-20-1 Chuo, Ami, Inashiki, Ibaraki, 300395, Japan.
| | - Shuichi Makita
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Yasuno
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hayate Nakagawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ibaraki Medical Center, Tokyo Medical University, 3-20-1 Chuo, Ami, Inashiki, Ibaraki, 300395, Japan
| | | | | | - Atsuya Miki
- Department of Myopia Control Research, Aichi Medical University, Nagakude, Japan
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5
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Wu T, Zou J, Liu Y, Lu Y, Wang J, Shi Y, Shen H, Gu X, He C. Local polarization properties extraction using single incident state, single-mode-fiber-based spectral domain polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography. APPLIED OPTICS 2023; 62:989-996. [PMID: 36821157 DOI: 10.1364/ao.476231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We showed the local polarization properties extraction method for the single incident state, all-single-mode-fiber-based spectral domain polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (SD-PS-OCT) system that uses the single linear-in-wavenumber spectral camera. Polarization controllers are used in the single-mode-fiber-based SD-PS-OCT system to provide a compact structure with polarization state stability. The local polarization properties of the birefringent sample are extracted from the cumulative polarization properties iteratively. The reconstructed polarization images demonstrate the local polarization properties extraction ability of the system.
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Birefringence-derived scleral artifacts in optical coherence tomography images of eyes with pathologic myopia. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19713. [PMID: 36385309 PMCID: PMC9669004 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23874-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated birefringence-derived scleral artifacts in optical coherence tomography (OCT) images of eyes with pathologic myopia. This study included 76 eyes of 42 patients with pathologic myopia. Five sets of OCT B-scan images of the macula were obtained using commercial swept-source OCT. A dataset of prototype swept-source polarization-diversity OCT images was used to identify polarization-dependent OCT images (i.e., complex averaging of OCT signals from two polarization channels) and polarization-independent OCT images (i.e., intensity averaging of two OCT signals). Polarization-dependent OCT images and commercial OCT images were assessed for the presence of birefringence-derived artifacts by comparison with polarization-independent OCT images. Both polarization-dependent OCT images and commercial OCT images contained scleral vessel artifacts. Scleral vessel artifacts were present in 46 of 76 eyes (60.5%) imaged by polarization-dependent OCT and 17 of 76 eyes (22.4%) imaged by commercial OCT. The proportion of images that showed scleral vessel artifacts was significantly greater among polarization-dependent OCT images than among commercial OCT images (P < 0.001). Additionally, polarization-dependent OCT images showed low-intensity band artifacts. This study demonstrated the existence of birefringence-derived scleral artifacts in commercial OCT images and indicated that polarization-diversity OCT is an effective tool to evaluate the presence of these artifacts.
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7
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Zhu L, Makita S, Oida D, Miyazawa A, Oikawa K, Mukherjee P, Lichtenegger A, Distel M, Yasuno Y. Computational refocusing of Jones matrix polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography and investigation of defocus-induced polarization artifacts. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:2975-2994. [PMID: 35774308 PMCID: PMC9203103 DOI: 10.1364/boe.454975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Here we demonstrate a long-depth-of-focus imaging method using polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT). This method involves a combination of Fresnel-diffraction-model-based phase sensitive computational refocusing and Jones-matrix based PS-OCT (JM-OCT). JM-OCT measures four complex OCT images corresponding to four polarization channels. These OCT images are computationally refocused as preserving the mutual phase consistency. This method is validated using a static phantom, postmortem zebrafish, and ex vivo porcine muscle samples. All the samples demonstrated successful computationally-refocused birefringence and degree-of-polarization-uniformity (DOPU) images. We found that defocusing induces polarization artifacts, i.e., incorrectly high birefringence values and low DOPU values, which are substantially mitigated by computational refocusing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lida Zhu
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shuichi Makita
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Daisuke Oida
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Arata Miyazawa
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Sky technology Inc., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kensuke Oikawa
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Pradipta Mukherjee
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Antonia Lichtenegger
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Distel
- Innovative Cancer Models, St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yoshiaki Yasuno
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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8
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El-Sadek IA, Miyazawa A, Shen LTW, Makita S, Mukherjee P, Lichtenegger A, Matsusaka S, Yasuno Y. Three-dimensional dynamics optical coherence tomography for tumor spheroid evaluation. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:6844-6863. [PMID: 34858684 PMCID: PMC8606131 DOI: 10.1364/boe.440444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We present a completely label-free three-dimensional (3D) optical coherence tomography (OCT)-based tissue dynamics imaging method for visualization and quantification of the metabolic and necrotic activities of tumor spheroid. Our method is based on a custom 3D scanning protocol that is designed to capture volumetric tissue dynamics tomography images only in a few tens of seconds. The method was applied to the evaluation of a tumor spheroid. The time-course viability alteration and anti-cancer drug response of the spheroid were visualized qualitatively and analyzed quantitatively. The similarity between the OCT-based dynamics images and fluorescence microscope images was also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Abd El-Sadek
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta City, 34517, Damietta, Egypt
| | | | - Larina Tzu-Wei Shen
- Clinical Research and Regional Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Shuichi Makita
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Pradipta Mukherjee
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Antonia Lichtenegger
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 4L, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Satoshi Matsusaka
- Clinical Research and Regional Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Yasuno
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
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9
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Kitano M, Fujita A, Asaoka R, Inoue T, Amari T, Komatsu K, Yamamoto M, Ogawa A, Aoki N, Yamanari M, Sugiyama S, Aihara M, Kato S, Azuma K, Maruyama-Inoue M, Kadonosono K, Obata R. Assessment of macular function in patients with non-vascularized pigment epithelial detachment. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16577. [PMID: 34400749 PMCID: PMC8368018 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96151-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-vascularized pigment epithelial detachments (PED) are usually associated with dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In this study, we aimed to investigate the correlation between visual function and morphologic parameters. Seventeen eyes of eleven patients with non-vascularized AMD were enrolled. In addition to conventional optical coherence tomography (OCT), polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) measurements were performed by evaluating the regularity of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) entropy within the PED area. Retinal sensitivity was measured with MP-3 microperimetry, and retinal sensitivities within (RSin) and outside (RSout) the PED area were calculated. The relationship between OCT parameters and visual function was analyzed. As a result, there was a significant difference between the RSin and RSout (p < 0.001, Wilcoxon signed rank test). Moreover, RSin was significantly related to logMAR VA (p = 0.033, linear mixed model). The regularity of RPE entropy was significantly related to visual acuity and RSin (p = 0.00038, p = 0.031, linear mixed model), although neither the height nor area of PED correlated with visual function. Our results suggest that retinal sensitivity is significantly deteriorated within the PED area and RPE entropy measured with PS-OCT was closely related to visual function in eyes with non-vascularized PED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Kitano
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asahi Fujita
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Asaoka
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan.,Seirei Christopher University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Inoue
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. .,Department of Ophthalmology and Micro-Technology, Yokohama City University, 4-57 Urafune, Minami-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 232-0024, Japan.
| | - Tatsuaki Amari
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kayoko Komatsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoshi Yamamoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asako Ogawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Makoto Aihara
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kato
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Azuma
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maiko Maruyama-Inoue
- Department of Ophthalmology and Micro-Technology, Yokohama City University, 4-57 Urafune, Minami-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 232-0024, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Kadonosono
- Department of Ophthalmology and Micro-Technology, Yokohama City University, 4-57 Urafune, Minami-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 232-0024, Japan
| | - Ryo Obata
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Miura M, Makita S, Yasuno Y, Iwasaki T, Azuma S, Mino T, Yamaguchi T. Evaluation of retinal pigment epithelium changes in serous pigment epithelial detachment in age-related macular degeneration. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2764. [PMID: 33531591 PMCID: PMC7854605 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82563-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to quantitatively evaluate retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) changes in serous pigment epithelial detachment (PED) among patients with age-related macular degeneration by means of prototype multi-contrast optical coherence tomography (OCT), which is capable of simultaneous collection of OCT angiography, polarization-sensitive OCT, and standard OCT images. We evaluated 26 eyes of 21 patients with serous PED. RPE-melanin OCT images were calculated from the multi-contrast OCT dataset and compared with near-infrared autofluorescence images. An active RPE lesion was defined as an area of thickened RPE-melanin (≥ 70 μm; RPE70) on RPE-melanin OCT. Each PED area was divided into peak and slope regions. RPE70 area ratios were compared with the maximum PED height, PED area, PED volume, and slope area ratio (area of slope region/area of whole PED). RPE-melanin OCT images were consistent with near-infrared autofluorescence images. The RPE70 area ratio in the slope region was significantly negatively correlated with the slope area ratio. Development of active RPE lesions in the slope region was correlated with the PED configuration. Multi-contrast OCT is useful for objective evaluation of changes in the RPE in patients with age-related macular degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Miura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University, Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1 Chuo, Ami, Inashiki, Ibaraki, 300395, Japan.
| | - Shuichi Makita
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Yasuno
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takuya Iwasaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University, Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1 Chuo, Ami, Inashiki, Ibaraki, 300395, Japan
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11
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Yamazaki K, Li E, Miyazawa A, Kobayashi M, Sayo T, Makita S, Takahashi Y, Yasuno Y, Sakai S. Depth-resolved investigation of multiple optical properties and wrinkle morphology in eye-corner areas with multi-contrast Jones matrix optical coherence tomography. Skin Res Technol 2020; 27:435-443. [PMID: 33111404 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multi-contrast Jones matrix optical coherence tomography (JM-OCT) can provide quantitative depth-resolved local optical properties by improving the measurement algorithm. MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined the relationship between depth-resolved local optical properties of eye-corner skin measured by JM-OCT and corresponding wrinkle morphology of aged women (n = 21; age range, 71.7 ± 1.7 years). Wrinkle morphology was analyzed by measuring the surface topography of three-dimensional replicas. The same regions were measured three-dimensionally by JM-OCT, and the local optical properties at each depth were computed. RESULTS Birefringence (BR) and mean wrinkle depth correlated significantly at a depth of 88.2-138.6 µm from the skin surface, and attenuation coefficient (AC) and mean wrinkle depth correlated significantly at a depth of 12.6-18.9 µm and 189-459.9 μm from the skin surface, although a degree of polarization uniformity (DOPU) did not. Stepwise multiple regression analysis demonstrated that a significant regression equation (R2 = 0.649, P < .001) for predicting mean wrinkle depth was determined by BR at 107.1 µm depth (BR 107.1 µm ), DOPU at 170.1 µm (DOPU 170.1µm ), and AC at 252 µm (AC 252 µm ) as independent variables and that these standardized beta regression coefficients were -0.860, -0.593, and -0.440, respectively, suggesting that BR, DOPU, and AC sufficiently explained mean wrinkle depth. CONCLUSION These results suggest that BR 107.1 µm , DOPU 170.1 µm, and AC 252 µm may indicate collagen-related structure in the papillary, upper-reticular dermis, and microstructure or tissue density in reticular dermis, respectively, and may be involved in wrinkle formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Yamazaki
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, Odawara, Japan
| | - En Li
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Arata Miyazawa
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | - Tetsuya Sayo
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, Odawara, Japan
| | - Shuichi Makita
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | - Yoshiaki Yasuno
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shingo Sakai
- Skin Care Product Research, Kao Corporation, Odawara, Japan
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12
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Miura M, Makita S, Azuma S, Yasuno Y, Sugiyama S, Mino T, Yamaguchi T, Agawa T, Iwasaki T, Usui Y, Rao NA, Goto H. Evaluation of Retinal Pigment Epithelium Layer Change in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease With Multicontrast Optical Coherence Tomography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 60:3352-3362. [PMID: 31917451 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.19-27378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Clinical evaluation of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) change is important for the therapeutic management of chronic Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease. We evaluated long-term change in the RPE layer in VKH disease, using near-infrared (NIR; 817 nm) images and autofluorescence images at 488 nm (short-wavelength [SW]-AF) and 785 nm (NIR-AF), and compared those images with images from multicontrast optical coherence tomography (MC-OCT). MC-OCT is capable of simultaneous measurement of OCT angiography, polarization-sensitive OCT, and standard OCT. Methods We evaluated 24 eyes of 12 patients with chronic VKH disease. RPE changes were assessed using NIR, NIR-AF, SW-AF, and MC-OCT imaging performed from 6 to 48 months after disease onset. RPE-melanin-specific contrast OCT images were calculated using the dataset from MC-OCT. Results Granular hyper NIR-AF lesions were observed in 8 of 24 eyes (33%). Eyes with granular hyper NIR-AF lesions showed a sunset glow fundus appearance significantly more frequently than did eyes without such lesions (P < 0.0001). MC-OCT imaging confirmed that there was melanin accumulation at the RPE-Bruch's membrane band at the location of granular hyper NIR-AF lesions. Granular hyper NIR-AF lesions were unclear in SW-AF and color fundus images, but clearly detectable in NIR images. Areas of hyper NIR-AF lesions gradually decreased over time. Conclusions Melanin accumulation in the RPE layer at the location of granular hyper NIR-AF lesions was confirmed with MC-OCT imaging. Long-term follow-up showed the reversible nature of this accumulation. MC-OCT is useful for the evaluation of change at the RPE layer in chronic VKH disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Miura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University, Ibaraki Medical Center, Ami, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichi Makita
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Azuma
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Topcon Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Yasuno
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Tetsuya Agawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University, Ibaraki Medical Center, Ami, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Iwasaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University, Ibaraki Medical Center, Ami, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Usui
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Narsing A Rao
- USC-Roski Eye Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Hiroshi Goto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Azuma S, Makita S, Kasaragod D, Sugiyama S, Miura M, Yasuno Y. Clinical multi-functional OCT for retinal imaging. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:5724-5743. [PMID: 31799043 PMCID: PMC6865108 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.005724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A compact clinical prototype multi-functional optical coherence tomography (OCT) device for the posterior human eye has been developed. This compact Jones-matrix OCT (JM-OCT) device integrates all components into a single package. Multiple image functions, i.e., scattering intensity, OCT angiography, and the degree of polarization uniformity, are obtained. The device has the capability for measuring local birefringence. Multi-functional imaging of several eyes with age-related macular degeneration is demonstrated. The compact JM-OCT device will be useful for the in vivo non-invasive investigation of abnormal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinnosuke Azuma
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, 1–1–1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8573, Japan
- Computational Optics and Ophthalmology Group, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8531, Japan
| | - Shuichi Makita
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, 1–1–1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8573, Japan
- Computational Optics and Ophthalmology Group, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8531, Japan
| | - Deepa Kasaragod
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, 1–1–1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8573, Japan
- Computational Optics and Ophthalmology Group, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8531, Japan
| | | | - Masahiro Miura
- Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, 3–20–1 Chuo, Ami, Ibaraki 300–0395, Japan
- Computational Optics and Ophthalmology Group, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8531, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Yasuno
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, 1–1–1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8573, Japan
- Computational Optics and Ophthalmology Group, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8531, Japan
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14
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Miyazawa A, Makita S, Li E, Yamazaki K, Kobayashi M, Sakai S, Yasuno Y. Polarization-sensitive optical coherence elastography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:5162-5181. [PMID: 31646039 PMCID: PMC6788587 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.005162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Polarization-sensitive optical coherence elastography (PS-OCE) is developed for improved tissue discrimination. It integrates Jones matrix-based PS-optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) with compression OCE. The method simultaneously measures the OCT intensity, attenuation coefficient, birefringence, and microstructural deformation (MSD) induced by tissue compression. Ex vivo porcine aorta and esophagus tissues were investigated by PS-OCE and histological imaging. The tissue properties measured by PS-OCE are shown as cross-sectional images and a three-dimensional (3-D) depth-trajectory plot. In this trajectory plot, the average attenuation coefficient, birefringence, and MSD were computed at each depth, and the trajectory in the depth direction was plotted in a 3-D feature space of these three properties. The tissue boundaries in a histological image corresponded with the depth-trajectory inflection points. Histogram analysis and t-distributed stochastic neighbour embedding (t-SNE) visualization of the three tissue properties indicated that the PS-OCE measurements provide sufficient information to discriminate porcine esophagus tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arata Miyazawa
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Shuichi Makita
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| | - En Li
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Kohei Yamazaki
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, 5-3-28, Kotobukicho, Odawara, Kanagawa, 250-0002, Japan
| | - Masaki Kobayashi
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, 5-3-28, Kotobukicho, Odawara, Kanagawa, 250-0002, Japan
| | - Shingo Sakai
- Skin Care Product Research, Kao Corporation, 5-3-28, Kotobukicho, Odawara, Kanagawa, 250-0002, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Yasuno
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
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15
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Xiong Q, Wang N, Liu X, Chen S, Braganza CS, Bouma BE, Liu L, Villiger M. Constrained polarization evolution simplifies depth-resolved retardation measurements with polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:5207-5222. [PMID: 31646042 PMCID: PMC6788597 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.005207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We observed that the polarization state of light after round-trip propagation through a birefringent medium frequently aligns with the employed input polarization state 'mirrored' by the horizontal plane of the Poincaré sphere. We explored the predisposition for this mirror state and evidence that it constrains the evolution of polarization states as a function of the round-trip depth into weakly scattering birefringent samples, as measured with polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT). Combined with spectral variations in the polarization state transmitted through system components, we demonstrate how this constraint enables measurement of depth-resolved birefringence using only a single input polarization state, which offers a critical simplification compared to conventional PS-OCT employing two input states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaozhou Xiong
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Nanshuo Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Xinyu Liu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Si Chen
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Cilwyn S Braganza
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Brett E Bouma
- Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Linbo Liu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
- These authors contributed equally
- Corresponding author:
| | - Martin Villiger
- Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- These authors contributed equally
- Corresponding author:
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16
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Willemse J, Gräfe MGO, van de Kreeke JA, Feroldi F, Verbraak FD, de Boer JF. Optic axis uniformity as a metric to improve the contrast of birefringent structures and analyze the retinal nerve fiber layer in polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:3893-3896. [PMID: 31368995 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.003893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A new metric is used to improve the contrast of birefringent structures in biological tissue using polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography. This metric, optic axis uniformity (OAxU), is based on the optic axis of birefringence and quantifies the uniformity of the optic axis direction. OAxU provides surprisingly strong contrast for fibrous structures such as muscle and the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL). We used OAxU for automatic segmentation of the RNFL in human eyes. From the segmentation, en face images of RNFL thickness and RNFL birefringence were created. The measured birefringence values are consistent with earlier reports.
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17
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Evaluation of focal damage in the retinal pigment epithelium layer in serous retinal pigment epithelium detachment. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3278. [PMID: 30824736 PMCID: PMC6397318 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39688-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate focal damage in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) layer in serous retinal pigment epithelium detachment (PED) with multi-contrast optical coherence tomography (OCT), which is capable of simultaneous measurement of OCT angiography, polarization-sensitive OCT and standard OCT images. We evaluated 37 eyes with age-related macular degeneration that had serous PED. Focal RPE damage was indicated by hyper-transmission beneath the RPE-Bruch’s membrane band in standard OCT images. Distribution of RPE melanin was calculated using the dataset from multi-contrast OCT. Twenty-four points with hyper-transmission were detected in 21 of the 37 eyes. Standard OCT images failed to show disruption of the RPE-Bruch’s membrane band at 5 of the 24 hyper-transmission points. Conversely, multi-contrast OCT images clearly showed melanin defects in the RPE-Bruch’s membrane band at all points. Areas of melanin defects with disruption of the RPE-Bruch’s membrane band were significantly larger than those without disruption. The volume of intraretinal hyper-reflective foci was significantly larger in eyes with hyper-transmission than that in eyes without hyper-transmission. Multi-contrast OCT is more sensitive than standard OCT for displaying changes at the RPE-Bruch’s membrane band when there are small areas of RPE damage.
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18
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Real E, Icardo JM, Fernández-Barreras G, Revuelta JM, Calvo Díez M, Pontón A, Gutiérrez JF, López Higuera JM, Conde OM. Identification of Human Pathological Mitral Chordae Tendineae Using Polarization-sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19030543. [PMID: 30696054 PMCID: PMC6386950 DOI: 10.3390/s19030543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Defects of the mitral valve complex imply heart malfunction. The chordae tendineae (CTs) are tendinous strands connecting the mitral and tricuspid valve leaflets to the papillary muscles. These CTs are composed of organized, wavy collagen bundles, making them a strongly birefringent material. Disorder of the collagen structure due to different diseases (rheumatic, degenerative) implies the loss or reduction of tissue birefringence able to be characterized with Polarization Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography (PS-OCT). PS-OCT is used to discriminate healthy from diseased chords, as the latter must be excised and replaced in clinical conventional interventions. PS-OCT allows to quantify birefringence reduction in human CTs affected by degenerative and rheumatic pathologies. This tissue optical property is proposed as a diagnostic marker for the identification of degradation of tendinous chords to guide intraoperative mitral valve surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eusebio Real
- Photonics Engineering Group, Department TEISA, University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain.
| | - José Manuel Icardo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain.
| | | | | | - Marta Calvo Díez
- Cardiovascular Surgery Service, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, 39011 Santander, Spain.
| | - Alejandro Pontón
- Cardiovascular Surgery Service, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, 39011 Santander, Spain.
| | - José Francisco Gutiérrez
- Cardiovascular Surgery Service, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, 39011 Santander, Spain.
| | - José Miguel López Higuera
- Photonics Engineering Group, Department TEISA, University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Olga María Conde
- Photonics Engineering Group, Department TEISA, University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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19
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Lapierre-Landry M, Carroll J, Skala MC. Imaging retinal melanin: a review of current technologies. J Biol Eng 2018; 12:29. [PMID: 30534199 PMCID: PMC6280494 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-018-0124-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is essential to the health of the retina and the proper functioning of the photoreceptors. The RPE is rich in melanosomes, which contain the pigment melanin. Changes in RPE pigmentation are seen with normal aging and in diseases such as albinism and age-related macular degeneration. However, most techniques used to this day to detect and quantify ocular melanin are performed ex vivo and are destructive to the tissue. There is a need for in vivo imaging of melanin both at the clinical and pre-clinical level to study how pigmentation changes can inform disease progression. In this manuscript, we review in vivo imaging techniques such as fundus photography, fundus reflectometry, near-infrared autofluorescence imaging, photoacoustic imaging, and functional optical coherence tomography that specifically detect melanin in the retina. These methods use different contrast mechanisms to detect melanin and provide images with different resolutions and field-of-views, making them complementary to each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryse Lapierre-Landry
- 1Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI USA.,2Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA.,6Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH USA
| | - Joseph Carroll
- 3Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI USA.,4Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI USA
| | - Melissa C Skala
- 1Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI USA.,5Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI USA
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20
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Son T, Alam M, Toslak D, Wang B, Lu Y, Yao X. Functional optical coherence tomography of neurovascular coupling interactions in the retina. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2018; 11:e201800089. [PMID: 29770594 PMCID: PMC6239985 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201800089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative evaluation of retinal neurovascular coupling is essential for a better understanding of visual function and early detection of eye diseases. However, there is no established method to monitor coherent interactions between stimulus-evoked neural activity and hemodynamic responses at high resolution. Here, we report a multimodal functional optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging methodology to enable concurrent intrinsic optical signal (IOS) imaging of stimulus-evoked neural activity and hemodynamic responses at capillary resolution. OCT angiography guided IOS analysis was used to separate neural-IOS and hemodynamic-IOS changes in the same retinal image sequence. Frequency flicker stimuli evoked neural-IOS changes in the outer retina; that is, photoreceptor layer, first and then in the inner retina, including outer plexus layer (OPL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), and ganglion cell layer (GCL), which were followed by hemodynamic-IOS changes primarily in the inner retina; that is, OPL, IPL, and GCL. Different time courses and signal magnitudes of hemodynamic-IOS responses were observed in blood vessels with various diameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeyoon Son
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Minhaj Alam
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Devrim Toslak
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Benquan Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Yiming Lu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Xincheng Yao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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21
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Azuma S, Makita S, Miyazawa A, Ikuno Y, Miura M, Yasuno Y. Pixel-wise segmentation of severely pathologic retinal pigment epithelium and choroidal stroma using multi-contrast Jones matrix optical coherence tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9:2955-2973. [PMID: 29984078 PMCID: PMC6033570 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.002955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Tissue segmentation of retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT) is widely used in ophthalmic diagnosis. However, its performance in severe pathologic cases is still insufficient. We propose a pixel-wise segmentation method that uses the multi-contrast measurement capability of Jones matrix OCT (JM-OCT). This method is applicable to both normal and pathologic retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and choroidal stroma. In this method, "features," which are sensitive to specific tissues of interest, are synthesized by combining the multi-contrast images of JM-OCT, including attenuation coefficient, degree-of-polarization-uniformity, and OCT angiography. The tissue segmentation is done by simple thresholding of the feature. Compared with conventional segmentation methods for pathologic maculae, the proposed method is less computationally intensive. The segmentation method was validated by applying it to images from normal and severely pathologic cases. The segmentation results enabled the development of several types of en face visualizations, including melano-layer thickness maps, RPE elevation maps, choroidal thickness maps, and choroidal stromal attenuation coefficient maps. These facilitate close examination of macular pathology. The melano-layer thickness map is very similar to a near infrared fundus autofluorescence image, so the map can be used to identify the source of a hyper-autofluorescent signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinnosuke Azuma
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573,
Japan
- Computational Optics and Ophthalmology Group, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8531,
Japan
| | - Shuichi Makita
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573,
Japan
- Computational Optics and Ophthalmology Group, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8531,
Japan
| | - Arata Miyazawa
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573,
Japan
- Computational Optics and Ophthalmology Group, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8531,
Japan
| | - Yasushi Ikuno
- Ikuno Eye Center, 2-9-10-3F Juso-Higashi, Yodogawa-Ku, Osaka 532-0023,
Japan
| | - Masahiro Miura
- Computational Optics and Ophthalmology Group, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8531,
Japan
- Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1 Chuo, Ami, Ibaraki 300-0395,
Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Yasuno
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573,
Japan
- Computational Optics and Ophthalmology Group, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8531,
Japan
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22
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Kasaragod D, Makita S, Hong YJ, Yasuno Y. Machine-learning based segmentation of the optic nerve head using multi-contrast Jones matrix optical coherence tomography with semi-automatic training dataset generation. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9:3220-3243. [PMID: 29984095 PMCID: PMC6033556 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.003220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A pixel-by-pixel tissue classification framework using multiple contrasts obtained by Jones matrix optical coherence tomography (JM-OCT) is demonstrated. The JM-OCT is an extension of OCT that provides OCT, OCT angiography, birefringence tomography, degree-of-polarization uniformity tomography, and attenuation coefficient tomography, simultaneously. The classification framework consists of feature engineering, k-means clustering that generates a training dataset, training of a tissue classifier using the generated training dataset, and tissue classification by the trained classifier. The feature engineering process generates synthetic features from the primary optical contrasts obtained by JM-OCT. The tissue classification is performed in the feature space of the engineered features. We applied this framework to the in vivo analysis of optic nerve heads of posterior eyes. This classified each JM-OCT pixel into prelamina, lamina cribrosa (lamina beam), and retrolamina tissues. The lamina beam segmentation results were further utilized for birefringence and attenuation coefficient analysis of lamina beam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Kasaragod
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba,
Japan
| | - Shuichi Makita
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba,
Japan
| | - Young-Joo Hong
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba,
Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Yasuno
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba,
Japan
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23
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Comparison of intensity, phase retardation, and local birefringence images for filtering blebs using polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7519. [PMID: 29760407 PMCID: PMC5951885 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25884-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) allows the recording of depth-resolved polarimetric measurements. It has been reported that phase retardation and local birefringence images can noninvasively detect fibrotic area in blebs after glaucoma surgery. Evaluation of scar fibrosis in blebs is important not only for predicting bleb function, but also for planning revision trabeculectomy. Herein, we characterize the intensity, phase retardation, and local birefringence images of blebs using PS-OCT. A total of 85 blebs from 85 patients who had undergone trabeculectomy were examined. Both phase retardation and local birefringence images detected fibrotic changes in blebs after glaucoma surgery. Phase retardation images detected slight fibrotic change during the early stage after surgery, whereas local birefringence images showed localized fibrotic tissue. There are two main patterns of local birefringence image changes in blebs: plate-like birefringence changes and diffuse changes. The area of plate-like birefringence change was significantly larger in poorly functioning blebs and is thus correlated with bleb function. These data suggest that the plate-like fibrotic change evaluation by PS-OCT may be useful not only for noninvasive evaluation of fibrotic scar tissue in blebs, but also for developing strategies for revision trabeculectomy.
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24
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Opto-mechanical characterization of sclera by polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography. J Biomech 2018; 72:173-179. [PMID: 29580690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2018.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography (PSOCT) is an interferometric technique sensitive to birefringence. Since mechanical loading alters the orientation of birefringent collagen fibrils, we asked if PSOCT can be used to measure local mechanical properties of sclera. Infrared (1300 nm) PSOCT was performed during uniaxial tensile loading of fresh scleral specimens of rabbits, cows, and humans from limbal, equatorial, and peripapillary regions. Specimens from 8 human eyes were obtained. Specimens were stretched to failure at 0.01 mm/s constant rate under physiological conditions of temperature and humidity while birefringence was computed every 117 ms from cross-sectional PSOCT. Birefringence modulus (BM) was defined as the rate of birefringence change with strain, and tensile modulus (TM) as the rate of stress change between 0 and 9% strain. In cow and rabbit, BM and TM were positively correlated with slopes of 0.17 and 0.10 GPa, and with correlation coefficients 0.63 and 0.64 (P < 0.05), respectively, following stress-optic coefficients 4.69, and 4.20 GPa-1. In human sclera, BM and TM were also positively correlated with slopes of 0.24 GPa for the limbal, 0.26 GPa for the equatorial, and 0.31 GPa for the peripapillary regions. Pearson correlation coefficients were significant at 0.51, 0.58, and 0.69 for each region, respectively (<0.001). Mean BM decreased proportionately to TM from the limbal to equatorial to peripapillary regions, as stress-optic coefficients were estimated as 2.19, 2.42, and 4.59 GPa-1, respectively. Since birefringence and tensile elastic moduli correlate differently in cow, rabbit, and various regions of human sclera, it might be possible to mechanically characterize the sclera in vivo using PSOCT.
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Chen Y, Hong YJ, Makita S, Yasuno Y. Eye-motion-corrected optical coherence tomography angiography using Lissajous scanning. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9:1111-1129. [PMID: 29541507 PMCID: PMC5846517 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.001111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
To correct eye motion artifacts in en face optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) images, a Lissajous scanning method with subsequent software-based motion correction is proposed. The standard Lissajous scanning pattern is modified to be compatible with OCT-A and a corresponding motion correction algorithm is designed. The effectiveness of our method was demonstrated by comparing en face OCT-A images with and without motion correction. The method was further validated by comparing motion-corrected images with scanning laser ophthalmoscopy images, and the repeatability of the method was evaluated using a checkerboard image. A motion-corrected en face OCT-A image from a blinking case is presented to demonstrate the ability of the method to deal with eye blinking. Results show that the method can produce accurate motion-free en face OCT-A images of the posterior segment of the eye in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Chen
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573,
Japan
- Computational Optics and Ophthalmology Group, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8531,
Japan
| | - Young-Joo Hong
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573,
Japan
- Computational Optics and Ophthalmology Group, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8531,
Japan
| | - Shuichi Makita
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573,
Japan
- Computational Optics and Ophthalmology Group, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8531,
Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Yasuno
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573,
Japan
- Computational Optics and Ophthalmology Group, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8531,
Japan
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Park KS, Choi WJ, Song S, Xu J, Wang RK. Multifunctional in vivo imaging for monitoring wound healing using swept-source polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography. Lasers Surg Med 2017; 50:213-221. [PMID: 29193202 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Wound healing involves a complex and dynamic biological process in response to tissue injury. Monitoring of the cascade of cellular events is useful for wound management and treatment. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the potential of multifunctional polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) to longitudinally monitor the self-healing process in a murine cutaneous wound model. MATERIALS AND METHODS A multi-functional PS-OCT system based on swept source OCT configuration (1,310 nm central wavelength) was designed to obtain simultaneously microstructural, blood perfusion, and birefringent information of a biological tissue in vivo. A 1-mm-diameter wound was generated in a mouse pinna with a complete biopsy punch. Afterwards, the self-healing process of the injured tissue was observed every week over 6-week period using the multifunctional system to measure changes in the tissue birefringence. Further OCT angiography (OCTA) was used in post data processing to obtain blood perfusion information over the injured tissue. RESULTS Three complementary images indicating the changes in anatomical, vascular, and birefringent information of tissue around wound were simultaneously provided from a 3-dimensional (3-D) PS-OCT data set during the wound repair over 1 month. Specifically, inflammatory and proliferative phases of wound healing were characterized by thickened epidermal tissue (from OCT images) and angiogenesis (from OCT angiography images) around wound. Also, it was observed that the regenerating tissues had highly realigned birefringent structures (from PS-OCT images). CONCLUSION This preliminary study suggests that the proposed multi-functional imaging modality has a great potential to improve the understanding of wound healing through non-invasive, serial monitoring of vascular and tissue responses to injury. Lasers Surg. Med. 50:213-221, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwan S Park
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Woo June Choi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Shaozhen Song
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Jingjiang Xu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Ruikang K Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
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Miyazawa A, Hong YJ, Makita S, Kasaragod D, Yasuno Y. Generation and optimization of superpixels as image processing kernels for Jones matrix optical coherence tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:4396-4418. [PMID: 29082073 PMCID: PMC5654788 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.004396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Jones matrix-based polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography (JM-OCT) simultaneously measures optical intensity, birefringence, degree of polarization uniformity, and OCT angiography. The statistics of the optical features in a local region, such as the local mean of the OCT intensity, are frequently used for image processing and the quantitative analysis of JM-OCT. Conventionally, local statistics have been computed with fixed-size rectangular kernels. However, this results in a trade-off between image sharpness and statistical accuracy. We introduce a superpixel method to JM-OCT for generating the flexible kernels of local statistics. A superpixel is a cluster of image pixels that is formed by the pixels' spatial and signal value proximities. An algorithm for superpixel generation specialized for JM-OCT and its optimization methods are presented in this paper. The spatial proximity is in two-dimensional cross-sectional space and the signal values are the four optical features. Hence, the superpixel method is a six-dimensional clustering technique for JM-OCT pixels. The performance of the JM-OCT superpixels and its optimization methods are evaluated in detail using JM-OCT datasets of posterior eyes. The superpixels were found to well preserve tissue structures, such as layer structures, sclera, vessels, and retinal pigment epithelium. And hence, they are more suitable for local statistics kernels than conventional uniform rectangular kernels.
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Evaluation of intraretinal migration of retinal pigment epithelial cells in age-related macular degeneration using polarimetric imaging. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3150. [PMID: 28600515 PMCID: PMC5466639 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03529-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the intraretinal migration of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) using polarimetry. We evaluated 155 eyes at various AMD stages. Depolarized light images were computed using a polarization-sensitive scanning laser ophthalmoscope (PS-SLO), and the degree of polarization uniformity was calculated using polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (OCT). Each polarimetry image was compared with the corresponding autofluorescence (AF) images at 488 nm (SW-AF) and at 787 nm (NIR-AF). Intraretinal RPE migration was defined by the presence of depolarization at intraretinal hyperreflective foci on PS-SLO and PS-OCT images, and by the presence of hyper-AF on both NIR-AF and SW-AF images. RPE migration was detected in 52 of 155 eyes (33.5%) and was observed in drusenoid pigment epithelial detachment (PED) and serous PED with significantly higher frequencies than in other groups (P = 0.015). The volume of the migrated RPE cluster in serous PED was significantly correlated with the volume of the PED (R2 = 0.26; P = 0.011). Overall, our results showed that intraretinal RPE migrations occurred in various AMD stages, and that they occurred more commonly in eyes with serous and drusenoid PED.
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Chan AC, Hong YJ, Makita S, Miura M, Yasuno Y. Noise-bias and polarization-artifact corrected optical coherence tomography by maximum a-posteriori intensity estimation. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:2069-2087. [PMID: 28736656 PMCID: PMC5516815 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.002069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We propose using maximum a-posteriori (MAP) estimation to improve the image signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in polarization diversity (PD) optical coherence tomography. PD-detection removes polarization artifacts, which are common when imaging highly birefringent tissue or when using a flexible fiber catheter. However, dividing the probe power to two polarization detection channels inevitably reduces the SNR. Applying MAP estimation to PD-OCT allows for the removal of polarization artifacts while maintaining and improving image SNR. The effectiveness of the MAP-PD method is evaluated by comparing it with MAP-non-PD, intensity averaged PD, and intensity averaged non-PD methods. Evaluation was conducted in vivo with human eyes. The MAP-PD method is found to be optimal, demonstrating high SNR and artifact suppression, especially for highly birefringent tissue, such as the peripapillary sclera. The MAP-PD based attenuation coefficient image also shows better differentiation of attenuation levels than non-MAP attenuation images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron C. Chan
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573,
Japan
- Computational Optics and Ophthalmology Group, Tsukuba, Ibaraki,
Japan
| | - Young-Joo Hong
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573,
Japan
- Computational Optics and Ophthalmology Group, Tsukuba, Ibaraki,
Japan
| | - Shuichi Makita
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573,
Japan
- Computational Optics and Ophthalmology Group, Tsukuba, Ibaraki,
Japan
| | - Masahiro Miura
- Computational Optics and Ophthalmology Group, Tsukuba, Ibaraki,
Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1 Chuo, Ami, Ibaraki,
Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Yasuno
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573,
Japan
- Computational Optics and Ophthalmology Group, Tsukuba, Ibaraki,
Japan
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Li E, Makita S, Hong YJ, Kasaragod D, Yasuno Y. Three-dimensional multi-contrast imaging of in vivo human skin by Jones matrix optical coherence tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:1290-1305. [PMID: 28663829 PMCID: PMC5480544 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.001290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A custom made dermatological Jones matrix optical coherence tomography (JM-OCT) is presented. It uses a passive-polarization-delay component based swept-source JM-OCT configuration, but is specially designed for in vivo human skin measurement. The center wavelength of its probe beam is 1310 nm and the A-line rate is 49.6 kHz. The JM-OCT is capable of simultaneously providing birefringence (local retardation) tomography, degree-of-polarization-uniformity tomography, complex-correlation-based optical coherence angiography, and conventional scattering OCT. To evaluate the performance of this JM-OCT, we measured in vivo human skin at several locations. Using the four kinds of OCT contrasts, the morphological characteristics and optical properties of different skin types were visualized.
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Affiliation(s)
- En Li
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573,
Japan
- Computational Optics and Ophthalmology Group, Tsukuba, Ibaraki,
Japan
| | - Shuichi Makita
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573,
Japan
- Computational Optics and Ophthalmology Group, Tsukuba, Ibaraki,
Japan
| | - Young-Joo Hong
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573,
Japan
- Computational Optics and Ophthalmology Group, Tsukuba, Ibaraki,
Japan
| | - Deepa Kasaragod
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573,
Japan
- Computational Optics and Ophthalmology Group, Tsukuba, Ibaraki,
Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Yasuno
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573,
Japan
- Computational Optics and Ophthalmology Group, Tsukuba, Ibaraki,
Japan
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de Boer JF, Hitzenberger CK, Yasuno Y. Polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography - a review [Invited]. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:1838-1873. [PMID: 28663869 PMCID: PMC5480584 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.001838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is now a well-established modality for high-resolution cross-sectional and three-dimensional imaging of transparent and translucent samples and tissues. Conventional, intensity based OCT, however, does not provide a tissue-specific contrast, causing an ambiguity with image interpretation in several cases. Polarization sensitive (PS) OCT draws advantage from the fact that several materials and tissues can change the light's polarization state, adding an additional contrast channel and providing quantitative information. In this paper, we review basic and advanced methods of PS-OCT and demonstrate its use in selected biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes F. de Boer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, LaserLaB Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Authors were listed in alphabetical order and contributed equally to the manuscript
| | - Christoph K. Hitzenberger
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
- Authors were listed in alphabetical order and contributed equally to the manuscript
| | - Yoshiaki Yasuno
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Authors were listed in alphabetical order and contributed equally to the manuscript
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Son T, Wang B, Lu Y, Chen Y, Cao D, Yao X. Concurrent OCT imaging of stimulus evoked retinal neural activation and hemodynamic responses. PROCEEDINGS OF SPIE--THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR OPTICAL ENGINEERING 2017; 10045. [PMID: 29225397 DOI: 10.1117/12.2252480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that major retinal diseases involve distortions of the retinal neural physiology and blood vascular structures. However, the details of distortions in retinal neurovascular coupling associated with major eye diseases are not well understood. In this study, a multi-modal optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging system was developed to enable concurrent imaging of retinal neural activity and vascular hemodynamics. Flicker light stimulation was applied to mouse retinas to evoke retinal neural responses and hemodynamic changes. The OCT images were acquired continuously during the pre-stimulation, light-stimulation, and post-stimulation phases. Stimulus-evoked intrinsic optical signals (IOSs) and hemodynamic changes were observed over time in blood-free and blood regions, respectively. Rapid IOSs change occurred almost immediately after stimulation. Both positive and negative signals were observed in adjacent retinal areas. The hemodynamic changes showed time delays after stimulation. The signal magnitudes induced by light stimulation were observed in blood regions and did not show significant changes in blood-free regions. These differences may arise from different mechanisms in blood vessels and neural tissues in response to light stimulation. These characteristics agreed well with our previous observations in mouse retinas. Further development of the multi-modal OCT may provide a new imaging method for studying how retinal structures and metabolic and neural functions are affected by age-related macular degeneration (AMD), glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy (DR), and other diseases, which promises novel noninvasive biomarkers for early disease detection and reliable treatment evaluations of eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeyoon Son
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Benquan Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Yiming Lu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Yanjun Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Dingcai Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Xincheng Yao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Kasaragod D, Makita S, Hong YJ, Yasuno Y. Noise stochastic corrected maximum a posteriori estimator for birefringence imaging using polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:653-669. [PMID: 28270974 PMCID: PMC5330548 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.000653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a noise-stochastic corrected maximum a posteriori estimator for birefringence imaging using Jones matrix optical coherence tomography. The estimator described in this paper is based on the relationship between probability distribution functions of the measured birefringence and the effective signal to noise ratio (ESNR) as well as the true birefringence and the true ESNR. The Monte Carlo method is used to numerically describe this relationship and adaptive 2D kernel density estimation provides the likelihood for a posteriori estimation of the true birefringence. Improved estimation is shown for the new estimator with stochastic model of ESNR in comparison to the old estimator, both based on the Jones matrix noise model. A comparison with the mean estimator is also done. Numerical simulation validates the superiority of the new estimator. The superior performance of the new estimator was also shown by in vivo measurement of optic nerve head.
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Fialová S, Augustin M, Fischak C, Schmetterer L, Handschuh S, Glösmann M, Pircher M, Hitzenberger CK, Baumann B. Posterior rat eye during acute intraocular pressure elevation studied using polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:298-314. [PMID: 28101419 PMCID: PMC5231300 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.000298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) operating at 840 nm with axial resolution of 3.8 µm in tissue was used for investigating the posterior rat eye during an acute intraocular pressure (IOP) increase experiment. IOP was elevated in the eyes of anesthetized Sprague Dawley rats by cannulation of the anterior chamber. Three dimensional PS-OCT data sets were acquired at IOP levels between 14 mmHg and 105 mmHg. Maps of scleral birefringence, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) retardation and relative RNFL/retina reflectivity were generated in the peripapillary area and quantitatively analyzed. All investigated parameters showed a substantial correlation with IOP. In the low IOP range of 14-45 mmHg only scleral birefringence showed statistically significant correlation. The polarization changes observed in the PS-OCT imaging study presented in this work suggest that birefringence of the sclera may be a promising IOP-related parameter to investigate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislava Fialová
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marco Augustin
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Corinna Fischak
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, General Hospital and Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Leopold Schmetterer
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, General Hospital and Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower Level 6, 169856 Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Novena Campus, 11 Mandalay Road, 308232 Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Stephan Handschuh
- VetCore Facility for Research and Technology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Glösmann
- VetCore Facility for Research and Technology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Pircher
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph K. Hitzenberger
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Baumann
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Yamanari M, Tsuda S, Kokubun T, Shiga Y, Omodaka K, Aizawa N, Yokoyama Y, Himori N, Kunimatsu-Sanuki S, Maruyama K, Kunikata H, Nakazawa T. Estimation of Jones matrix, birefringence and entropy using Cloude-Pottier decomposition in polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 7:3551-3573. [PMID: 27699120 PMCID: PMC5030032 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.003551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Estimation of polarimetric parameters has been a fundamental issue to assess biological tissues that have form birefringence or polarization scrambling in polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT). We present a mathematical framework to provide a maximum likelihood estimation of the target covariance matrix and its incoherent target decomposition to estimate a Jones matrix of a dominant scattering mechanism, called Cloude-Pottier decomposition, thereby deriving the phase retardation and the optic axis of the sample. In addition, we introduce entropy that shows the randomness of the polarization property. Underestimation of the entropy at a low sampling number is mitigated by asymptotic quasi maximum likelihood estimator. A bias of the entropy from random noises is corrected to show only the polarization property inherent in the sample. The theory is validated with experimental measurements of a glass plate and waveplates, and applied to the imaging of a healthy human eye anterior segment as an image filter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Yamanari
- Department of Technology Development, Tomey Corporation, 2-11-33 Noritakeshinmachi, Nishi-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 451-0051, Japan;
| | - Satoru Tsuda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Taiki Kokubun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Shiga
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Kazuko Omodaka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Naoko Aizawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Yu Yokoyama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Noriko Himori
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Shiho Kunimatsu-Sanuki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Kazuichi Maruyama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kunikata
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Toru Nakazawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan;
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Son T, Wang B, Thapa D, Lu Y, Chen Y, Cao D, Yao X. Optical coherence tomography angiography of stimulus evoked hemodynamic responses in individual retinal layers. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 7:3151-62. [PMID: 27570706 PMCID: PMC4986822 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.003151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Blood flow changes are highly related to neural activities in the retina. It has been reported that neural activity increases when flickering light stimulation of the retina is used. It is known that blood flow changes with flickering light stimulation can be altered in patients with vascular disease and that measurement of flicker-induced vasodilatation is an easily applied tool for monitoring functional microvascular alterations. However, details of distortions in retinal neurovascular coupling associated with major eye diseases are not well understood due to the limitation of existing techniques. In this study, flickering light stimulation was applied to mouse retinas to investigate stimulus evoked hemodynamic responses in individual retinal layers. A spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography imaging system was developed to provide dynamic mapping of hemodynamic responses in the ganglion cell layer, inner plexiform layer, outer plexiform layer and choroid layer before, during and after flickering light stimulation. Experimental results showed hemodynamic responses with different magnitudes and time courses in individual retinal layers. We anticipate that the dynamic OCT angiography of stimulus evoked hemodynamic responses can greatly foster the study of neurovascular coupling mechanisms in the retina, promising new biomarkers for retinal disease detection and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeyoon Son
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Benquan Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Damber Thapa
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Yiming Lu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Yanjun Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Dingcai Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Xincheng Yao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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