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Hamra M, Tetin-Schneider S, Shinnawi S, Cohen Vaizer M, Yelin D. Measuring the Acoustic Reflex through the Tympanic Membrane. Audiol Neurootol 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38574477 DOI: 10.1159/000538703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The acoustic reflex is the active response of the middle ear to loud sounds, altering the mechanical transfer function of the acoustic energy into the inner ear. Our goal was to observe the effect of the acoustic reflex on the tympanic membrane by identifying a significant nonlinear increase in membrane oscillations. METHODS By using interferometric spectrally encoded endoscopy, we record the membrane oscillations over time in response to a loud, 200-ms-long acoustic stimulus. RESULTS A gradual reflex activation is measured between approximately 40 and 100 ms, manifested as a linear 42% increase in the umbo oscillation amplitude. CONCLUSION The measured oscillations correlate well with those expected from a mechanical model of a damped harmonic oscillator, and the results of this work demonstrate the potential of interferometric spectrally encoded endoscopy to observe unique dynamical processes in the tympanic membrane and in the middle ear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matan Hamra
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Shadi Shinnawi
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Rambam Healthcare Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Mauricio Cohen Vaizer
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Rambam Healthcare Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Dvir Yelin
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Liu P, Steuer S, Golde J, Morgenstern J, Hu Y, Schieffer C, Ossmann S, Kirsten L, Bodenstedt S, Pfeiffer M, Speidel S, Koch E, Neudert M. The Dresden in vivo OCT dataset for automatic middle ear segmentation. Sci Data 2024; 11:242. [PMID: 38409278 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03000-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Endoscopic optical coherence tomography (OCT) offers a non-invasive approach to perform the morphological and functional assessment of the middle ear in vivo. However, interpreting such OCT images is challenging and time-consuming due to the shadowing of preceding structures. Deep neural networks have emerged as a promising tool to enhance this process in multiple aspects, including segmentation, classification, and registration. Nevertheless, the scarcity of annotated datasets of OCT middle ear images poses a significant hurdle to the performance of neural networks. We introduce the Dresden in vivo OCT Dataset of the Middle Ear (DIOME) featuring 43 OCT volumes from both healthy and pathological middle ears of 29 subjects. DIOME provides semantic segmentations of five crucial anatomical structures (tympanic membrane, malleus, incus, stapes and promontory), and sparse landmarks delineating the salient features of the structures. The availability of these data facilitates the training and evaluation of algorithms regarding various analysis tasks with middle ear OCT images, e.g. diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Faculty of Medicine, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
- Department of Translational Surgical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC Dresden), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01307, Dresden, Germany.
- Else Kröner Fresenius Center, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Svea Steuer
- Else Kröner Fresenius Center, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jonas Golde
- Else Kröner Fresenius Center, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology IWS, 01277, Dresden, Germany
| | - Joseph Morgenstern
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Faculty of Medicine, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Else Kröner Fresenius Center, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Ear Research Center Dresden, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yujia Hu
- Department of Translational Surgical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC Dresden), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Catherina Schieffer
- Ear Research Center Dresden, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Steffen Ossmann
- Ear Research Center Dresden, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lars Kirsten
- Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bodenstedt
- Department of Translational Surgical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC Dresden), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Else Kröner Fresenius Center, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Micha Pfeiffer
- Department of Translational Surgical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC Dresden), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefanie Speidel
- Department of Translational Surgical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC Dresden), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Else Kröner Fresenius Center, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Edmund Koch
- Else Kröner Fresenius Center, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marcus Neudert
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Faculty of Medicine, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
- Else Kröner Fresenius Center, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
- Ear Research Center Dresden, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
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Steuer S, Morgenstern J, Kirsten L, Bornitz M, Neudert M, Koch E, Golde J. In vivo microstructural investigation of the human tympanic membrane by endoscopic polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2023; 28:121203. [PMID: 37007626 PMCID: PMC10050973 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.28.12.121203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Endoscopic optical coherence tomography (OCT) is of growing interest for in vivo diagnostics of the tympanic membrane (TM) and the middle ear but generally lacks a tissue-specific contrast. AIM To assess the collagen fiber layer within the in vivo TM, an endoscopic imaging method utilizing the polarization changes induced by the birefringent connective tissue was developed. APPROACH An endoscopic swept-source OCT setup was redesigned and extended by a polarization-diverse balanced detection unit. Polarization-sensitive OCT (PS-OCT) data were visualized by a differential Stokes-based processing and the derived local retardation. The left and right ears of a healthy volunteer were examined. RESULTS Distinct retardation signals in the annulus region of the TM and near the umbo revealed the layered structure of the TM. Due to the TM's conical shape and orientation in the ear canal, high incident angles onto the TM's surface, and low thicknesses compared to the axial resolution limit of the system, other regions of the TM were more difficult to evaluate. CONCLUSIONS The use of endoscopic PS-OCT is feasible to differentiate birefringent and nonbirefringent tissue of the human TM in vivo. Further investigations on healthy as well as pathologically altered TMs are required to validate the diagnostic potential of this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svea Steuer
- TU Dresden, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Dresden, Germany
- TU Dresden, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Faculty of Medicine, Dresden, Germany
| | - Joseph Morgenstern
- TU Dresden, Otorhinolaryngology, Ear Research Center Dresden, Faculty of Medicine, Dresden, Germany
- TU Dresden, Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Digital Health, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lars Kirsten
- TU Dresden, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthias Bornitz
- TU Dresden, Otorhinolaryngology, Ear Research Center Dresden, Faculty of Medicine, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marcus Neudert
- TU Dresden, Otorhinolaryngology, Ear Research Center Dresden, Faculty of Medicine, Dresden, Germany
- TU Dresden, Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Digital Health, Dresden, Germany
| | - Edmund Koch
- TU Dresden, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Faculty of Medicine, Dresden, Germany
- TU Dresden, Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Digital Health, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jonas Golde
- TU Dresden, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Dresden, Germany
- TU Dresden, Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Digital Health, Dresden, Germany
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Hamra M, Fridman L, Shinnawi S, Vaizer MC, Yelin D. In vivo optical mapping of the tympanic membrane impulse response. Hear Res 2023; 431:108723. [PMID: 36870309 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2023.108723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
The wide frequency range of the human hearing could be narrowed by various pathologies in the middle ear and in the tympanic membrane that lead to conductive hearing loss. Diagnosing such hearing problems is challenging, however, often relying on subjective hearing tests supported by functional tympanometry. Here we present a method for in vivo 2D mapping of the impulse response of the tympanic membrane, and demonstrate its potential on a healthy human volunteer. The imaging technique is based on interferometric spectrally encoded endoscopy, with a handheld probe designed to scan the human tympanic membrane within less than a second. The system obtains high-resolution 2D maps of key functional parameters including peak response, rise and decay times, oscillation bandwidth and resonance frequency. We also show that the system can identify abnormal regions in the membrane by detecting differences in the local mechanical parameters of the tissue. We believe that by offering a full 2D mapping of broad-bandwidth dynamics of the tympanic membrane, the presented imaging modality would be useful for effective diagnosis of conductive hearing loss in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matan Hamra
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Lidan Fridman
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Shadi Shinnawi
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Rambam Healthcare Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel
| | - Mauricio Cohen Vaizer
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Rambam Healthcare Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel
| | - Dvir Yelin
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel.
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5
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Ugarteburu M, Withnell RH, Cardoso L, Carriero A, Richter CP. Mammalian middle ear mechanics: A review. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:983510. [PMID: 36299283 PMCID: PMC9589510 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.983510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The middle ear is part of the ear in all terrestrial vertebrates. It provides an interface between two media, air and fluid. How does it work? In mammals, the middle ear is traditionally described as increasing gain due to Helmholtz’s hydraulic analogy and the lever action of the malleus-incus complex: in effect, an impedance transformer. The conical shape of the eardrum and a frequency-dependent synovial joint function for the ossicles suggest a greater complexity of function than the traditional view. Here we review acoustico-mechanical measurements of middle ear function and the development of middle ear models based on these measurements. We observe that an impedance-matching mechanism (reducing reflection) rather than an impedance transformer (providing gain) best explains experimental findings. We conclude by considering some outstanding questions about middle ear function, recognizing that we are still learning how the middle ear works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maialen Ugarteburu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Robert H. Withnell
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Luis Cardoso
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Alessandra Carriero
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Alessandra Carriero, ; Claus-Peter Richter,
| | - Claus-Peter Richter
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- The Hugh Knowles Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Alessandra Carriero, ; Claus-Peter Richter,
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6
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Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography for Otology Applications: From Phantom Simulation to In Vivo Experiment. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11125711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In otology, visualization and vibratory analysis have been crucial to enhance the success of diagnosis and surgical operation. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been employed in otology to obtain morphological structure of tissues non-invasively, owing to the ability of measuring the entire region of tympanic membrane, which compensates the limitations of conventional methods. As a functional extension of OCT, Doppler OCT, which enables the measurement of the motion information with structural data of tissue, has been applied in otology. Over the years, Doppler OCT systems have been evolved in various forms to enhance the measuring sensitivity of phase difference. In this review, we provide representative algorithms of Doppler OCT and various applications in otology from preclinical analysis to clinical experiments and discuss future developments.
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Choi S, Ota T, Nin F, Shioda T, Suzuki T, Hibino H. Rapid optical tomographic vibrometry using a swept multi-gigahertz comb. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:16749-16768. [PMID: 34154231 DOI: 10.1364/oe.425972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We propose a rapid tomographic vibrometer technique using an optical comb to measure internal vibrations, transient phenomena, and tomographic distributions in biological tissue and microelectromechanical system devices at high frequencies. This method allows phase-sensitive tomographic measurement in the depth direction at a multi-MHz scan rate using a frequency-modulated broadband electrooptic multi-GHz supercontinuum comb. The frequency spacing was swept instantaneously in time and axisymmetrically about the center wavelength via a dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator driven by a variable radio frequency signal. This unique sweeping method permits direct measurement of fringe-free interferometric amplitude and phase with arbitrarily changeable measurement range and scan rate. Therefore, a compressive measurement can be made in only the depth region where the vibration exists, reducing the number of measurement points. In a proof-of-principle experiment, the interferometric amplitude and phase were investigated for in-phase and quadrature phase-shifted interferograms obtained by a polarization demodulator. Tomographic transient displacement measurements were performed using a 0.12 mm thick glass film and piezo-electric transducer oscillating at 10-100 kHz with scan rates in the range 1-20 MHz. The depth resolution and precision of the vibrometer were estimated to be approximately 25 µm and 1.0 nm, respectively.
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8
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Hamra M, Shinnawi S, Vaizer MC, Yelin D. Rapid imaging of tympanic membrane vibrations in humans. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:6470-6479. [PMID: 33282502 PMCID: PMC7687925 DOI: 10.1364/boe.402097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Functional imaging of the human ear is an extremely challenging task because of its minute anatomic structures and nanometer-scale motion in response to sound. Here, we demonstrate noninvasive in vivo functional imaging of the human tympanic membrane under various acoustic excitations, and identify unique vibration patterns that vary between human subjects. By combining spectrally encoded imaging with phase-sensitive spectral-domain interferometry, our system attains high-resolution functional imaging of the two-dimensional membrane surface, within a fraction of a second, through a handheld imaging probe. The detailed physiological data acquired by the system would allow measuring a wide range of clinically relevant parameters for patient diagnosis, and provide a powerful new tool for studying middle and inner ear physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matan Hamra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Shadi Shinnawi
- Department of Otolarynglogy Head and Neck Surgery, Rambam Healthcare Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel
| | - Mauricio Cohen Vaizer
- Department of Otolarynglogy Head and Neck Surgery, Rambam Healthcare Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel
| | - Dvir Yelin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
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Rosowski JJ, Ramier A, Cheng JT, Yun SH. Optical coherence tomographic measurements of the sound-induced motion of the ossicular chain in chinchillas: Additional modes of ossicular motion enhance the mechanical response of the chinchilla middle ear at higher frequencies. Hear Res 2020; 396:108056. [PMID: 32836020 PMCID: PMC7572631 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2020.108056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Wavelength-swept optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used to scan the structure of cadaveric chinchilla ears in three dimensions with high spatial resolution and measure the sound-induced displacements of the entire OCT-visible lateral surfaces of the ossicles in the lateral-to-medial direction. The simultaneous measurement of structure and displacement allowed a precise match between the observed motion and its structural origin. The structure and measured displacements are consistent with previously published data. The coincident detailed structural and motion measurements demonstrate the presence of several frequency-dependent modes of ossicular motion, including: (i) rotation about an anteriorly-to-posteriorly directed axis positioned near the commonly defined anatomical axis of rotation that dominates at frequencies below 8 kHz, (ii) a lateral-to-medial translational component that is visible at frequencies from 2 to greater than 10 kHz, and (iii) a newly described rotational mode around an inferiorly-to-superiorly directed axis that parallels the manubrium of the malleus and dominates ossicular motion between 10 and 16 kHz. This new axis of rotation is located near the posterior edge of the manubrium. The onset of the second rotational mode leads to a boost in the magnitude of sound-induced stapes displacement near 14 kHz, and adds a half-cycle to the accumulating phase in middle-ear sound transmission. Similar measurements in one ear after interruption of the incudostapedial joint suggest the load of the cochlea and stapes annular ligament is important to the presence of the second rotational mode, and acts to limit simple ossicular translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Rosowski
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratory of Auditory Physiology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, 243 Charles Street, Boston 02114, MA, USA; Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles Street, Boston 02114, MA, USA.
| | - Antoine Ramier
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge 02139 MA, USA; Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 65 Lansdowne St. UP-5, Cambridge 02139, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Tao Cheng
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratory of Auditory Physiology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, 243 Charles Street, Boston 02114, MA, USA; Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles Street, Boston 02114, MA, USA
| | - Seok-Hyun Yun
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge 02139 MA, USA; Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 65 Lansdowne St. UP-5, Cambridge 02139, MA, USA
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Seong D, Kwon J, Jeon D, Wijesinghe RE, Lee J, Ravichandran NK, Han S, Lee J, Kim P, Jeon M, Kim J. In Situ Characterization of Micro-Vibration in Natural Latex Membrane Resembling Tympanic Membrane Functionally Using Optical Doppler Tomography. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 20:E64. [PMID: 31877652 PMCID: PMC6982896 DOI: 10.3390/s20010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Non-invasive characterization of micro-vibrations in the tympanic membrane (TM) excited by external sound waves is considered as a promising and essential diagnosis in modern otolaryngology. To verify the possibility of measuring and discriminating the vibrating pattern of TM, here we describe a micro-vibration measurement method of latex membrane resembling the TM. The measurements are obtained with an externally generated audio stimuli of 2.0, 2.2, 2.8, 3.1 and 3.2 kHz, and their respective vibrations based tomographic, volumetric and quantitative evaluations were acquired using optical Doppler tomography (ODT). The micro oscillations and structural changes which occurred due to diverse frequencies are measured with sufficient accuracy using a highly sensitive ODT system implied phase subtraction method. The obtained results demonstrated the capability of measuring and analyzing the complex varying micro-vibration of the membrane according to implied sound frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daewoon Seong
- School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (D.S.); (J.K.); (D.J.); (J.L.); (N.K.R.); (S.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Jaehwan Kwon
- School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (D.S.); (J.K.); (D.J.); (J.L.); (N.K.R.); (S.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Deokmin Jeon
- School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (D.S.); (J.K.); (D.J.); (J.L.); (N.K.R.); (S.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Ruchire Eranga Wijesinghe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Kyungil University, Gyeongsan 38428, Korea;
| | - Jaeyul Lee
- School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (D.S.); (J.K.); (D.J.); (J.L.); (N.K.R.); (S.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Naresh Kumar Ravichandran
- School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (D.S.); (J.K.); (D.J.); (J.L.); (N.K.R.); (S.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Sangyeob Han
- School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (D.S.); (J.K.); (D.J.); (J.L.); (N.K.R.); (S.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Junsoo Lee
- School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (D.S.); (J.K.); (D.J.); (J.L.); (N.K.R.); (S.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Pilun Kim
- School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea;
| | - Mansik Jeon
- School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (D.S.); (J.K.); (D.J.); (J.L.); (N.K.R.); (S.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Jeehyun Kim
- School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (D.S.); (J.K.); (D.J.); (J.L.); (N.K.R.); (S.H.); (J.L.)
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11
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Kim W, Kim S, Huang S, Oghalai JS, Applegate BE. Picometer scale vibrometry in the human middle ear using a surgical microscope based optical coherence tomography and vibrometry system. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:4395-4410. [PMID: 31565497 PMCID: PMC6757470 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.004395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a highly phase stable optical coherence tomography and vibrometry system that attaches directly to the accessory area of a surgical microscope common to both the otology clinic and operating room. Careful attention to minimizing sources of phase noise has enabled a system capable of measuring vibrations of the middle ear with a sensitivity of < 5 pm in an awake human patient. The system is shown to be capable of collecting a wide range of information on the morphology and function of the ear in live subjects, including frequency tuning curves below the hearing threshold, maps of tympanic membrane vibrational modes and thickness, and measures of distortion products due to the nonlinearities in the cochlear amplifier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wihan Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Sangmin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Shuning Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - John S. Oghalai
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Brian E. Applegate
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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MacDougall D, Morrison L, Morrison C, Morris DP, Bance M, Adamson RBA. Optical Coherence Tomography Doppler Vibrometry Measurement of Stapes Vibration in Patients With Stapes Fixation and Normal Controls. Otol Neurotol 2019; 40:e349-e355. [DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000002193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Kirsten L, Schindler M, Morgenstern J, Erkkilä MT, Golde J, Walther J, Rottmann P, Kemper M, Bornitz M, Neudert M, Zahnert T, Koch E. Endoscopic optical coherence tomography with wide field-of-view for the morphological and functional assessment of the human tympanic membrane. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2018; 24:1-11. [PMID: 30516037 PMCID: PMC6975278 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.24.3.031017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
An endoscopic optical coherence tomography (OCT) system with a wide field-of-view of 8 mm is presented, which combines the image capability of endoscopic imaging at the middle ear with the advantages of functional OCT imaging, allowing a morphological and functional assessment of the human tympanic membrane. The endoscopic tube has a diameter of 3.5 mm and contains gradient-index optics for simultaneous forward-viewing OCT and video endoscopy. The endoscope allows the three-dimensional visualization of nearly the entire tympanic membrane. In addition, the oscillation of the tympanic membrane is measured spatially resolved and in the frequency range between 500 Hz and 5 kHz with 125 Hz resolution, which is realized by phase-resolved Doppler OCT imaging during acoustical excitation with chirp signals. The applicability of the OCT system is demonstrated in vivo. Due to the fast image acquisition, structural and functional measurements are only slightly affected by motion artifacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Kirsten
- Technische Universität Dresden, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Schindler
- Technische Universität Dresden, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Dresden, Germany
| | - Joseph Morgenstern
- Technische Universität Dresden, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Otorhinolaryngology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mikael Timo Erkkilä
- Technische Universität Dresden, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jonas Golde
- Technische Universität Dresden, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Dresden, Germany
| | - Julia Walther
- Technische Universität Dresden, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Dresden, Germany
| | - Pascal Rottmann
- Technische Universität Dresden, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Dresden, Germany
| | - Max Kemper
- Technische Universität Dresden, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Otorhinolaryngology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthias Bornitz
- Technische Universität Dresden, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Otorhinolaryngology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marcus Neudert
- Technische Universität Dresden, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Otorhinolaryngology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Zahnert
- Technische Universität Dresden, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Otorhinolaryngology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Edmund Koch
- Technische Universität Dresden, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Dresden, Germany
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14
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Ramier A, Cheng JT, Ravicz ME, Rosowski JJ, Yun SH. Mapping the phase and amplitude of ossicular chain motion using sound-synchronous optical coherence vibrography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9:5489-5502. [PMID: 30460142 PMCID: PMC6238908 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.005489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The sound-driven vibration of the tympanic membrane and ossicular chain of middle-ear bones is fundamental to hearing. Here we show that optical coherence tomography in phase synchrony with a sound stimulus is well suited for volumetric, vibrational imaging of the ossicles and tympanic membrane. This imaging tool - OCT vibrography - provides intuitive motion pictures of the ossicular chain and how they vary with frequency. Using the chinchilla ear as a model, we investigated the vibrational snapshots and phase delays of the manubrium, incus, and stapes over 100 Hz to 15 kHz. The vibrography images reveal a previously undescribed mode of motion of the chinchilla ossicles at high frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Ramier
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Tao Cheng
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael E. Ravicz
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John J. Rosowski
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Seok-Hyun Yun
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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15
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Tan HEI, Santa Maria PL, Wijesinghe P, Francis Kennedy B, Allardyce BJ, Eikelboom RH, Atlas MD, Dilley RJ. Optical Coherence Tomography of the Tympanic Membrane and Middle Ear: A Review. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2018; 159:424-438. [PMID: 29787354 DOI: 10.1177/0194599818775711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the recent developments in optical coherence tomography (OCT) for tympanic membrane (TM) and middle ear (ME) imaging and to identify what further development is required for the technology to be integrated into common clinical use. Data Sources PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science. Review Methods A comprehensive literature search was performed for English language articles published from January 1966 to January 2018 with the keywords "tympanic membrane or middle ear,""optical coherence tomography," and "imaging." Conclusion Conventional imaging techniques cannot adequately resolve the microscale features of TM and ME, sometimes necessitating diagnostic exploratory surgery in challenging otologic pathology. As a high-resolution noninvasive imaging technique, OCT offers promise as a diagnostic aid for otologic conditions, such as otitis media, cholesteatoma, and conductive hearing loss. Using OCT vibrometry to image the nanoscale vibrations of the TM and ME as they conduct acoustic waves may detect the location of ossicular chain dysfunction and differentiate between stapes fixation and incus-stapes discontinuity. The capacity of OCT to image depth and thickness at high resolution allows 3-dimensional volumetric reconstruction of the ME and has potential use for reconstructive tympanoplasty planning and the follow-up of ossicular prostheses. Implications for Practice To achieve common clinical use beyond these initial discoveries, future in vivo imaging devices must feature low-cost probe or endoscopic designs and faster imaging speeds and demonstrate superior diagnostic utility to computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. While such technology has been available for OCT, its translation requires focused development through a close collaboration between engineers and clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsern Ern Ivan Tan
- 1 Ear Science Institute Australia, Subiaco, Australia.,2 Ear Sciences Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia.,3 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Peter Luke Santa Maria
- 1 Ear Science Institute Australia, Subiaco, Australia.,2 Ear Sciences Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia.,4 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Philip Wijesinghe
- 5 BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre; Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia.,6 Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Brendan Francis Kennedy
- 5 BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre; Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia.,6 Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | | | - Robert Henry Eikelboom
- 1 Ear Science Institute Australia, Subiaco, Australia.,2 Ear Sciences Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia.,8 Department of Speech Language Pathology and Audiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Marcus David Atlas
- 1 Ear Science Institute Australia, Subiaco, Australia.,2 Ear Sciences Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Rodney James Dilley
- 1 Ear Science Institute Australia, Subiaco, Australia.,2 Ear Sciences Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
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16
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Jiang S, Gan RZ. Dynamic properties of human incudostapedial joint—Experimental measurement and finite element modeling. Med Eng Phys 2018; 54:14-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Huang PC, Chaney EJ, Shelton RL, Boppart SA. Magnetomotive Displacement of the Tympanic Membrane Using Magnetic Nanoparticles: Toward Enhancement of Sound Perception. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2018; 65:2837-2846. [PMID: 29993404 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2018.2819649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A novel hearing-aid scheme using magnetomotive nanoparticles (MNPs) as transducers in the tympanic membrane (TM) is proposed, aiming to noninvasively and directly induce a modulated vibration on the TM. METHODS In this feasibility study, iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles were applied on ex vivo rat TM tissues and allowed to diffuse over ∼2 h. Subsequently, magnetic force was exerted on the MNP-laden TM via a programmable electromagnetic solenoid to induce the magnetomotion. Optical coherence tomography (OCT), along with its phase-sensitive measurement capabilities, was utilized to visualize and quantify the nanometer-scale vibrations generated on the TM tissues. RESULTS The magnetomotive displacements induced on the TM were significantly greater than the baseline vibration of the TM without MNPs. In addition to a pure frequency tone, a chirped excitation and the corresponding spectroscopic response were also successfully generated and obtained. Finally, visualization of volumetric TM dynamics was achieved. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the effectiveness of magnetically inducing vibrations on TMs containing iron oxide nanoparticles, manipulating the amplitude and the frequency of the induced TM motions, and the capability of assessing the magnetomotive dynamics via OCT. SIGNIFICANCE The results demonstrated here suggest the potential use of this noninvasive magnetomotive approach in future hearing aid applications. OCT can be utilized to investigate the magnetomotive dynamics of the TM, which may either enhance sound perception or magnetically induce the perception of sound without the need for acoustic speech signals.
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18
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Monroy GL, Pande P, Nolan RM, Shelton RL, Porter RG, Novak MA, Spillman DR, Chaney EJ, McCormick DT, Boppart SA. Noninvasive in vivo optical coherence tomography tracking of chronic otitis media in pediatric subjects after surgical intervention. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2017; 22:1-11. [PMID: 29275547 PMCID: PMC5745859 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.12.121614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In an institutional review board-approved study, 25 pediatric subjects diagnosed with chronic or recurrent otitis media were observed over a period of six months with optical coherence tomography (OCT). Subjects were followed throughout their treatment at the initial patient evaluation and preoperative consultation, surgery (intraoperative imaging), and postoperative follow-up, followed by an additional six months of records-based observation. At each time point, the tympanic membrane (at the light reflex region) and directly adjacent middle-ear cavity were observed in vivo with a handheld OCT probe and portable system. Imaging results were compared with clinical outcomes to correlate the clearance of symptoms in relation to changes in the image-based features of infection. OCT images of most all participants showed the presence of additional infection-related biofilm structures during their initial consultation visit and similarly for subjects imaged intraoperatively before myringotomy. Subjects with successful treatment (no recurrence of infectious symptoms) had no additional structures visible in OCT images during the postoperative visit. OCT image findings suggest surgical intervention consisting of myringotomy and tympanostomy tube placement provides a means to clear the middle ear of infection-related components, including middle-ear fluid and biofilms. Furthermore, OCT was demonstrated as a rapid diagnostic tool to prospectively monitor patients in both outpatient and surgical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo L. Monroy
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Bioengineering, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Paritosh Pande
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Ryan M. Nolan
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Ryan L. Shelton
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Ryan G. Porter
- Carle Foundation Hospital, Department of Otolaryngology, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Carle–Illinois College of Medicine, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Michael A. Novak
- Carle Foundation Hospital, Department of Otolaryngology, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Carle–Illinois College of Medicine, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Darold R. Spillman
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Eric J. Chaney
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | | | - Stephen A. Boppart
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Bioengineering, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Carle–Illinois College of Medicine, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Stephen A. Boppart, E-mail:
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19
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Choi S, Sato K, Ota T, Nin F, Muramatsu S, Hibino H. Multifrequency-swept optical coherence microscopy for highspeed full-field tomographic vibrometry in biological tissues. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:608-621. [PMID: 28270971 PMCID: PMC5330561 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.000608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Because conventional laser Doppler vibrometry or Doppler optical coherence tomography require mechanical scanning probes that cannot simultaneously measure the wide-range dynamics of bio-tissues, a multifrequency-swept optical coherence microscopy with wide-field heterodyne detection technique was developed. A 1024 × 1024 × 2000 voxel volume was acquired with an axial resolution of ~1.8 μm and an acquisition speed of 2 s. Vibration measurements at 10 kHz were performed over a wide field of view. Wide-field tomographic vibration measurements of a mouse tympanic membrane are demonstrated to illustrate the applicability of this method to live animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Choi
- Niigata University, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
- AMED-CTRST, AMED, Japan
| | - Keita Sato
- Niigata University, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Takeru Ota
- AMED-CTRST, AMED, Japan
- Niigata University, School of Medicine, Department of Molecular Physiology, 757 Ichibancho, Asahimachi, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Nin
- AMED-CTRST, AMED, Japan
- Niigata University, School of Medicine, Department of Molecular Physiology, 757 Ichibancho, Asahimachi, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
- Niigata University, Center for Transdisciplinary Research, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Shogo Muramatsu
- Niigata University, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
- AMED-CTRST, AMED, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hibino
- AMED-CTRST, AMED, Japan
- Niigata University, School of Medicine, Department of Molecular Physiology, 757 Ichibancho, Asahimachi, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
- Niigata University, Center for Transdisciplinary Research, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
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20
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MacDougall D, Farrell J, Brown J, Bance M, Adamson R. Long-range, wide-field swept-source optical coherence tomography with GPU accelerated digital lock-in Doppler vibrography for real-time, in vivo middle ear diagnostics. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 7:4621-4635. [PMID: 27896001 PMCID: PMC5119601 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.004621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We present the design, implementation and validation of a swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT) system for real-time imaging of the human middle ear in live patients. Our system consists of a highly phase-stable Vernier-tuned distributed Bragg-reflector laser along with a real-time processing engine implemented on a graphics processing unit. We use the system to demonstrate, for the first time in live subjects, real-time Doppler measurements of middle ear vibration in response to sound, video rate 2D B-mode imaging of the middle ear and 3D volumetric B-mode imaging. All measurements were performed non-invasively through the intact tympanic membrane demonstrating that the technology is readily translatable to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan MacDougall
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, 5981 University Ave, Halifax NS, B3H4R2,
Canada
| | - Joshua Farrell
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, 5981 University Ave, Halifax NS, B3H4R2,
Canada
| | - Jeremy Brown
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, 5981 University Ave, Halifax NS, B3H4R2,
Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Dalhousie University, 1459 Oxford St, Halifax NS, B3H4R2,
Canada
| | - Manohar Bance
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, 5981 University Ave, Halifax NS, B3H4R2,
Canada
- Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, 1276 South Park St, Halifax NS, B3H2Y9,
Canada
| | - Robert Adamson
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, 5981 University Ave, Halifax NS, B3H4R2,
Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Dalhousie University, 1459 Oxford St, Halifax NS, B3H4R2,
Canada
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