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Olowolagba AM, Idowu MO, Arachchige DL, Aworinde OR, Dwivedi SK, Graham OR, Werner T, Luck RL, Liu H. Syntheses and Applications of Coumarin-Derived Fluorescent Probes for Real-Time Monitoring of NAD(P)H Dynamics in Living Cells across Diverse Chemical Environments. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:5437-5451. [PMID: 38995885 PMCID: PMC11333170 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescent probes play a crucial role in elucidating cellular processes, with NAD(P)H sensing being pivotal in understanding cellular metabolism and redox biology. Here, the development and characterization of three fluorescent probes, A, B, and C, based on the coumarin platform for monitoring of NAD(P)H levels in living cells are described. Probes A and B incorporate a coumarin-cyanine hybrid structure with vinyl and thiophene connection bridges to 3-quinolinium acceptors, respectively, while probe C introduces a dicyano moiety for replacement of the lactone carbonyl group of probe A which increases the reaction rate of the probe with NAD(P)H. Initially, all probes exhibit subdued fluorescence due to intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) quenching. However, upon hydride transfer by NAD(P)H, fluorescence activation is triggered through enhanced ICT. Theoretical calculations confirm that the electronic absorption changes upon the addition of hydride to originate from the quinoline moiety instead of the coumarin section and end up in the middle section, illustrating how the addition of hydride affects the nature of this absorption. Control and dose-response experiments provide conclusive evidence of probe C's specificity and reliability in identifying intracellular NAD(P)H levels within HeLa cells. Furthermore, colocalization studies indicate probe C's selective targeting of mitochondria. Investigation into metabolic substrates reveals the influence of glucose, maltose, pyruvate, lactate, acesulfame potassium, and aspartame on NAD(P)H levels, shedding light on cellular responses to nutrient availability and artificial sweeteners. Additionally, we explore the consequence of oxaliplatin on cellular NAD(P)H levels, revealing complex interplays between DNA damage repair, metabolic reprogramming, and enzyme activities. In vivo studies utilizing starved fruit fly larvae underscore probe C's efficacy in monitoring NAD(P)H dynamics in response to external compounds. These findings highlight probe C's utility as a versatile tool for investigating NAD(P)H signaling pathways in biomedical research contexts, offering insights into cellular metabolism, stress responses, and disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adenike Mary Olowolagba
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Micah Olamide Idowu
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Dilka Liyana Arachchige
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | | | - Sushil K Dwivedi
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Olivya Rose Graham
- Department of Biological Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Thomas Werner
- Department of Biological Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Rudy L Luck
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Haiying Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
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2
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Campbell JM, Gosnell M, Agha A, Handley S, Knab A, Anwer AG, Bhargava A, Goldys EM. Label-Free Assessment of Key Biological Autofluorophores: Material Characteristics and Opportunities for Clinical Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2403761. [PMID: 38775184 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202403761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Autofluorophores are endogenous fluorescent compounds that naturally occur in the intra and extracellular spaces of all tissues and organs. Most have vital biological functions - like the metabolic cofactors NAD(P)H and FAD+, as well as the structural protein collagen. Others are considered to be waste products - like lipofuscin and advanced glycation end products - which accumulate with age and are associated with cellular dysfunction. Due to their natural fluorescence, these materials have great utility for enabling non-invasive, label-free assays with direct ties to biological function. Numerous technologies, with different advantages and drawbacks, are applied to their assessment, including fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy, hyperspectral microscopy, and flow cytometry. Here, the applications of label-free autofluorophore assessment are reviewed for clinical and health-research applications, with specific attention to biomaterials, disease detection, surgical guidance, treatment monitoring, and tissue assessment - fields that greatly benefit from non-invasive methodologies capable of continuous, in vivo characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared M Campbell
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2033, Australia
| | | | - Adnan Agha
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2033, Australia
| | - Shannon Handley
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2033, Australia
| | - Aline Knab
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2033, Australia
| | - Ayad G Anwer
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2033, Australia
| | - Akanksha Bhargava
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2033, Australia
| | - Ewa M Goldys
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2033, Australia
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3
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Gouzou D, Taimori A, Haloubi T, Finlayson N, Wang Q, Hopgood JR, Vallejo M. Applications of machine learning in time-domain fluorescence lifetime imaging: a review. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2024; 12:022001. [PMID: 38055998 PMCID: PMC10851337 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/ad12f7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Many medical imaging modalities have benefited from recent advances in Machine Learning (ML), specifically in deep learning, such as neural networks. Computers can be trained to investigate and enhance medical imaging methods without using valuable human resources. In recent years, Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging (FLIm) has received increasing attention from the ML community. FLIm goes beyond conventional spectral imaging, providing additional lifetime information, and could lead to optical histopathology supporting real-time diagnostics. However, most current studies do not use the full potential of machine/deep learning models. As a developing image modality, FLIm data are not easily obtainable, which, coupled with an absence of standardisation, is pushing back the research to develop models which could advance automated diagnosis and help promote FLIm. In this paper, we describe recent developments that improve FLIm image quality, specifically time-domain systems, and we summarise sensing, signal-to-noise analysis and the advances in registration and low-level tracking. We review the two main applications of ML for FLIm: lifetime estimation and image analysis through classification and segmentation. We suggest a course of action to improve the quality of ML studies applied to FLIm. Our final goal is to promote FLIm and attract more ML practitioners to explore the potential of lifetime imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorian Gouzou
- Dorian Gouzou and Marta Vallejo are with Institute of Signals, Sensors and Systems, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Ali Taimori
- Tarek Haloubi, Ali Taimori, and James R. Hopgood are with Institute for Imaging, Data and Communication, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FG, United Kingdom
| | - Tarek Haloubi
- Tarek Haloubi, Ali Taimori, and James R. Hopgood are with Institute for Imaging, Data and Communication, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FG, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Finlayson
- Neil Finlayson is with Institute for Integrated Micro and Nano Systems, School of Engineering, University ofEdinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, United Kingdom
| | - Qiang Wang
- Qiang Wang is with Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - James R Hopgood
- Tarek Haloubi, Ali Taimori, and James R. Hopgood are with Institute for Imaging, Data and Communication, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FG, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Vallejo
- Dorian Gouzou and Marta Vallejo are with Institute of Signals, Sensors and Systems, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
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4
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Campbell JM, Habibalahi A, Handley S, Agha A, Mahbub SB, Anwer AG, Goldys EM. Emerging clinical applications in oncology for non-invasive multi- and hyperspectral imaging of cell and tissue autofluorescence. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023; 16:e202300105. [PMID: 37272291 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Hyperspectral and multispectral imaging of cell and tissue autofluorescence is an emerging technology in which fluorescence imaging is applied to biological materials across multiple spectral channels. This produces a stack of images where each matched pixel contains information about the sample's spectral properties at that location. This allows precise collection of molecularly specific data from a broad range of native fluorophores. Importantly, complex information, directly reflective of biological status, is collected without staining and tissues can be characterised in situ, without biopsy. For oncology, this can spare the collection of biopsies from sensitive regions and enable accurate tumour mapping. For in vivo tumour analysis, the greatest focus has been on oral cancer, whereas for ex vivo assessment head-and-neck cancers along with colon cancer have been the most studied, followed by oral and eye cancer. This review details the scope and progress of research undertaken towards clinical translation in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared M Campbell
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Abbas Habibalahi
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Shannon Handley
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Adnan Agha
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Saabah B Mahbub
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ayad G Anwer
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ewa M Goldys
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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5
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Campbell JM, Mahbub SB, Habibalahi A, Agha A, Handley S, Anwer AG, Goldys EM. Clinical applications of non-invasive multi and hyperspectral imaging of cell and tissue autofluorescence beyond oncology. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023; 16:e202200264. [PMID: 36602432 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Hyperspectral and multispectral imaging of cell and tissue autofluorescence employs fluorescence imaging, without exogenous fluorophores, across multiple excitation/emission combinations (spectral channels). This produces an image stack where each pixel (matched by location) contains unique information about the sample's spectral properties. Analysis of this data enables access to a rich, molecularly specific data set from a broad range of cell-native fluorophores (autofluorophores) directly reflective of biochemical status, without use of fixation or stains. This non-invasive, non-destructive technology has great potential to spare the collection of biopsies from sensitive regions. As both staining and biopsy may be impossible, or undesirable, depending on the context, this technology great diagnostic potential for clinical decision making. The main research focus has been on the identification of neoplastic tissues. However, advances have been made in diverse applications-including ophthalmology, cardiovascular health, neurology, infection, assisted reproduction technology and organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared M Campbell
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Sydney, Australia
| | - Saabah B Mahbub
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Sydney, Australia
| | - Abbas Habibalahi
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Sydney, Australia
| | - Adnan Agha
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Sydney, Australia
| | - Shannon Handley
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ayad G Anwer
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ewa M Goldys
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Sydney, Australia
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6
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Pospíšilová M, Kalábová H, Kuncová G. Distinguishing Healthy and Carcinoma Cell Cultures Using Fluorescence Spectra Decomposition with a Genetic-Algorithm-Based Code. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:256. [PMID: 36832022 PMCID: PMC9954475 DOI: 10.3390/bios13020256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we analysed the steady state fluorescence spectra of cell suspensions containing healthy and carcinoma fibroblast mouse cells, using a genetic-algorithm-spectra-decomposition software (GASpeD). In contrast to other deconvolution algorithms, such as polynomial or linear unmixing software, GASpeD takes into account light scatter. In cell suspensions, light scatter plays an important role as it depends on the number of cells, their size, shape, and coagulation. The measured fluorescence spectra were normalized, smoothed and deconvoluted into four peaks and background. The wavelengths of intensities' maxima of lipopigments (LR), FAD, and free/bound NAD(P)H (AF/AB) of the deconvoluted spectra matched published data. In deconvoluted spectra at pH = 7, the fluorescence intensities of the AF/AB ratio in healthy cells was always higher in comparison to carcinoma cells. In addition, the AF/AB ratio in healthy and carcinoma cells were influenced differently by changes in pH. In mixtures of healthy and carcinoma cells, AF/AB decreases when more than 13% of carcinoma cells are present. Expensive instrumentation is not required, and the software is user friendly. Due to these attributes, we hope that this study will be a first step in the development of new cancer biosensors and treatments with the use of optical fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Pospíšilová
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University, nam. Sitna 3105, 272 01 Kladno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Kalábová
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University, nam. Sitna 3105, 272 01 Kladno, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriela Kuncová
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the ASCR, Rozvojova 135, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Environment, University of Jan Evangelista Purkyne, Pasteurova 3632/15, 400 96 Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic
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7
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Fang T, Huang YK, Wei J, Monterrosa Mena JE, Lakey PSJ, Kleinman MT, Digman MA, Shiraiwa M. Superoxide Release by Macrophages through NADPH Oxidase Activation Dominating Chemistry by Isoprene Secondary Organic Aerosols and Quinones to Cause Oxidative Damage on Membranes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:17029-17038. [PMID: 36394988 PMCID: PMC9730850 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c03987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a key process for adverse aerosol health effects. Secondary organic aerosols (SOA) account for a major fraction of fine particulate matter, and their inhalation and deposition into the respiratory tract causes the formation of ROS by chemical and cellular processes, but their relative contributions are hardly quantified and their link to oxidative stress remains uncertain. Here, we quantified cellular and chemical superoxide generation by 9,10-phenanthrenequinone (PQN) and isoprene SOA using a chemiluminescence assay combined with electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy as well as kinetic modeling. We also applied cellular imaging techniques to study the cellular mechanism of superoxide release and oxidative damage on cell membranes. We show that PQN and isoprene SOA activate NADPH oxidase in macrophages to release massive amounts of superoxide, overwhelming the superoxide formation by aqueous chemical reactions in the epithelial lining fluid. The activation dose for PQN is 2 orders of magnitude lower than that of isoprene SOA, suggesting that quinones are more toxic. While higher exposures trigger cellular antioxidant response elements, the released ROS induce oxidative damage to the cell membrane through lipid peroxidation. Such mechanistic and quantitative understandings provide a basis for further elucidation of adverse health effects and oxidative stress by fine particulate matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Fang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine 92697, California, United States
| | - Yu-Kai Huang
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
California, Irvine 92697, California, United States
| | - Jinlai Wei
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine 92697, California, United States
| | - Jessica E. Monterrosa Mena
- Division
of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of California, Irvine 92697, California, United States
| | - Pascale S. J. Lakey
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine 92697, California, United States
| | - Michael T. Kleinman
- Division
of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of California, Irvine 92697, California, United States
| | - Michelle A. Digman
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
California, Irvine 92697, California, United States
| | - Manabu Shiraiwa
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine 92697, California, United States
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8
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Jacob A, Xu HN, Stout AL, Li LZ. Subcellular analysis of nuclear and cytoplasmic redox indices differentiates breast cancer cell subtypes better than nuclear-to-cytoplasmic area ratio. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2022; 27:JBO-210375GR. [PMID: 35945669 PMCID: PMC9360498 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.27.8.086001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Stratification of malignancy is valuable for cancer treatment. Both optical redox imaging (ORI) indices and nuclear-to-cytoplasmic volume/area ratio (N:C ratio) have been investigated to differentiate between cancers with varying aggressiveness, but these two methods have not been directly compared. The redox status in the cell nucleus has not been studied by ORI, and it remains unknown whether nuclear ORI indices add new biological information. AIM We sought to compare the capacity of whole-cell and subcellular ORI indices and N:C ratio to differentiate between breast cancer subtypes with varying aggressiveness and between mitotic and nonmitotic cells. APPROACH ORI indices for whole cell, cytoplasm, and nucleus as well as the N:C area ratio were generated for two triple-negative (more aggressive) and two receptor-positive (less aggressive) breast cancer cell lines by fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS We found positive correlations between nuclear and cytoplasmic ORI indices within individual cells. On average, a nuclear redox status was found to be more oxidized than cytoplasm in triple-negative cells but not in receptor-positive cells. Whole-cell and subcellular ORI indices distinguished between the receptor statuses better than the N:C ratio. However, N:C ratio was a better differentiator between nonmitotic and mitotic triple-negative cells. CONCLUSIONS Subcellular ORI analysis differentiates breast cancer subtypes with varying aggressiveness better than N:C area ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie Jacob
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Britton Chance Laboratory of Redox Imaging, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - He N. Xu
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Britton Chance Laboratory of Redox Imaging, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Andrea L. Stout
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Lin Z. Li
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Britton Chance Laboratory of Redox Imaging, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
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9
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Tan TCY, Brown HM, Thompson JG, Mustafa S, Dunning KR. Optical imaging detects metabolic signatures associated with oocyte quality. Biol Reprod 2022; 107:1014-1025. [PMID: 35863764 PMCID: PMC9562116 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oocyte developmental potential is intimately linked to metabolism. Existing approaches to measure metabolism in the cumulus oocyte complex (COC) do not provide information on the separate cumulus and oocyte compartments. Development of an assay that achieves this may lead to an accurate diagnostic for oocyte quality. Optical imaging of the autofluorescent cofactors NAD(P)H and FAD provides a spatially resolved indicator of metabolism via the optical redox ratio ($\mathrm{FAD}/\left[\mathrm{NAD}\left(\mathrm{P}\right)\mathrm{H}+\mathrm{FAD}\right]$). This may provide an assessment of oocyte quality. Here, we determined whether the optical redox ratio is a robust methodology for measuring metabolism in the cumulus and oocyte compartments compared with oxygen consumption in the whole COC. We also determined whether optical imaging could detect metabolic differences associated with poor oocyte quality (etomoxir-treated). We used confocal microscopy to measure NAD(P)H and FAD, and extracellular flux to measure oxygen consumption. We found that the optical redox ratio was an accurate reflection of metabolism in the oocyte compartment when compared with oxygen consumption (whole COC). Etomoxir-treated COCs showed significantly lower levels of NAD(P)H and FAD compared to control. While confocal imaging demonstrated the premise, we validated this approach using hyperspectral imaging, which is clinically compatible due to its low energy dose. This confirmed lower NAD(P)H and FAD in etomoxir-treated COCs. When comparing imaged vs non-imaged COCs, subsequent preimplantation development and post-transfer viability were comparable. Collectively, these results demonstrate that label-free optical imaging of metabolic cofactors is a safe and sensitive assay for measuring metabolism and has potential to assess oocyte developmental competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany C Y Tan
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Hannah M Brown
- Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeremy G Thompson
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Fertilis Pty Ltd, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Sanam Mustafa
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kylie R Dunning
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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10
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Rehman AU, Qureshi SA. Quantitative auto-fluorescence quenching of free and bound NADH in HeLa cell line model with Carbonyl cyanide-p-Trifluoromethoxy phenylhydrazone (FCCP) as quenching agent. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 39:102954. [PMID: 35690321 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The autofluorescence of endogenous biomolecules (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD, its reduced form NADH and the phosphorylated form NAD(P)H take part in cellular metabolic pathways and has vital importance for in vivo and ex vivo photo diagnostic applications of biological tissues. We present a detailed quenching analysis of Carbonyl cyanide-p-Trifluoromethoxy phenylhydrazone (FCCP) 50-1000 µM and analyzed the fluorescence signal from NADH/ NAD(P)H in vitro (in solution) and in vivo (HeLa cell suspension).The in vitro samples of pure NADH/ NAD(P)H were excited at λ=340±1 nm while the fluorescence signal was collected in the range of 400-550 nm. The quenching process was characterized using excitation emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy and Stern- Volmer plots. The experimental results illustrated maximum fluorescence emission for the control NADH samples (i.e., no FCCP), while the fluorescence signal from the solution progressively decreased with the increasing concentration of the FCCP, until it reaches the base line (i.e., no fluorescence signal) at 1000 µM of FCCP. In vitro study shows that the fluorescence quenching of free NADH was found to be lower than the bound NAD(P)H with similar diminishing trend. The quenching of bound NAD(P)H in cells is attenuated compared to solution quenching possibly due to a contribution from the metabolic/antioxidant response in cells and fluorescence exponential decay curve lies between plated and suspended HeLa cells. A two-fold increase in the fluorescence intensity of NAD(P)H was observed after the bond formation with L-Malate Dehydrogenase (L-MDH, Sigma Aldrich #10127248001) protein This work has applications for sharp tumor demarcation during sensitive surgical procedures as well as to enhance fluorescence based diagnosis of biological tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Ul Rehman
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia; Agri & Biophotonics Division, National Institute of Lasers and Optronics College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), P.O. Nilore, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan.
| | - Shahzad Ahmad Qureshi
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, P.O. Nilore, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan
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11
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Habibalahi A, Allende A, Michael J, Anwer AG, Campbell J, Mahbub SB, Bala C, Coroneo MT, Goldys EM. Pterygium and Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia: Optical Biopsy Using a Novel Autofluorescence Multispectral Imaging Technique. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1591. [PMID: 35326744 PMCID: PMC8946656 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, differentiation of pterygium vs. ocular surface squamous neoplasia based on multispectral autofluorescence imaging technique was investigated. Fifty (N = 50) patients with histopathological diagnosis of pterygium (PTG) and/or ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) were recruited. Fixed unstained biopsy specimens were imaged by multispectral microscopy. Tissue autofluorescence images were obtained with a custom-built fluorescent microscope with 59 spectral channels, each with specific excitation and emission wavelength ranges, suitable for the most abundant tissue fluorophores such as elastin, flavins, porphyrin, and lipofuscin. Images were analyzed using a new classification framework called fused-classification, designed to minimize interpatient variability, as an established support vector machine learning method. Normal, PTG, and OSSN regions were automatically detected and delineated, with accuracy evaluated against expert assessment by a specialist in OSSN pathology. Signals from spectral channels yielding signals from elastin, flavins, porphyrin, and lipofuscin were significantly different between regions classified as normal, PTG, and OSSN (p < 0.01). Differential diagnosis of PTG/OSSN and normal tissue had accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 88 ± 6%, 84 ± 10% and 91 ± 6%, respectively. Our automated diagnostic method generated maps of the reasonably well circumscribed normal/PTG and OSSN interface. PTG and OSSN margins identified by our automated analysis were in close agreement with the margins found in the H&E sections. Such a map can be rapidly generated on a real time basis and potentially used for intraoperative assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Habibalahi
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2032, Australia; (J.M.); (A.G.A.); (J.C.); (S.B.M.); (E.M.G.)
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2032, Australia
| | - Alexandra Allende
- Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Macquarie Park, NSW 2113, Australia;
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Jesse Michael
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2032, Australia; (J.M.); (A.G.A.); (J.C.); (S.B.M.); (E.M.G.)
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2032, Australia
| | - Ayad G. Anwer
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2032, Australia; (J.M.); (A.G.A.); (J.C.); (S.B.M.); (E.M.G.)
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2032, Australia
| | - Jared Campbell
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2032, Australia; (J.M.); (A.G.A.); (J.C.); (S.B.M.); (E.M.G.)
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2032, Australia
| | - Saabah B. Mahbub
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2032, Australia; (J.M.); (A.G.A.); (J.C.); (S.B.M.); (E.M.G.)
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2032, Australia
| | - Chandra Bala
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia;
| | - Minas T. Coroneo
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of New South Wales at Prince of Wales Hospital, High Street, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia;
| | - Ewa M. Goldys
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2032, Australia; (J.M.); (A.G.A.); (J.C.); (S.B.M.); (E.M.G.)
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2032, Australia
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12
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Campbell JM, Mahbub SB, Bertoldo MJ, Habibalahi A, Goss DM, Ledger WL, Gilchrist RB, Wu LE, Goldys EM. Multispectral autofluorescence characteristics of reproductive aging in old and young mouse oocytes. Biogerontology 2022; 23:237-249. [PMID: 35211812 PMCID: PMC9023381 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-022-09957-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Increasing age has a major detrimental impact on female fertility, which, with an ageing population, has major sociological implications. This impact is primarily mediated through deteriorating quality of the oocyte. Deteriorating oocyte quality with biological age is the greatest rate-limiting factor to female fertility. Here we have used label-free, non-invasive multi-spectral imaging to identify unique autofluorescence profiles of oocytes from young and aged animals. Discriminant analysis demonstrated that young oocytes have a distinct autofluorescent profile which accurately distinguishes them from aged oocytes. We recently showed that treatment with the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) precursor nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) restored oocyte quality and fertility in aged animals, and when our analysis was applied to oocytes from aged animals treated with NMN, 85% of these oocytes were classified as having the autofluorescent signature of young animals. Spectral unmixing using the Robust Dependent Component Analysis (RoDECA) algorithm demonstrated that NMN treatment altered the metabolic profile of oocytes, increasing free NAD(P)H, protein bound NAD(P)H, redox ratio and the ratio of bound to free NAD(P)H. The frequency of oocytes with simultaneously high NAD(P)H and flavin content was also significantly increased in mice treated with NMN. Young and Aged + NMN oocytes had a smoother spectral distribution, with the distribution of NAD(P)H in young oocytes specifically differing from that of aged oocytes. Identifying the multispectral profile of oocyte autofluorescence during aging could have utility as a non-invasive and sensitive measure of oocyte quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared M Campbell
- ARC Centre of Excellence Centre for Nanoscale Biophotonics, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales Sydney, Kensington, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Saabah B Mahbub
- ARC Centre of Excellence Centre for Nanoscale Biophotonics, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales Sydney, Kensington, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Michael J Bertoldo
- Discipline of Women's Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Abbas Habibalahi
- ARC Centre of Excellence Centre for Nanoscale Biophotonics, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales Sydney, Kensington, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Dale M Goss
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - William L Ledger
- Discipline of Women's Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Robert B Gilchrist
- Discipline of Women's Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lindsay E Wu
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ewa M Goldys
- ARC Centre of Excellence Centre for Nanoscale Biophotonics, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales Sydney, Kensington, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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13
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Courrol LC, Vallim MA. Characterization of chicken meat contaminated with Salmonella by fluorescence spectroscopy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 261:119986. [PMID: 34126394 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Contaminated poultry products as eggs and meat are the primary vehicles of Salmonella infection. Conventional methods for microorganisms detections involve multiple steps, and despite its accuracy, these assays are time-consuming. Biosensing methods have shown great potential for the rapid detection of foodborne pathogens. Some of the biosensors are based on fluorescence. Various fluorophores such as collagen, elastin, NAD(P)H, and porphyrins can be used to evaluate possible chemical changes in meat. In this manuscript, the fluorescence properties of chicken meat contaminated with Salmonella enterica (ATCC 14028) cell suspensions (500; 5000; 50,000 and 500,000 cells/mL) were obtained and compared with non-contaminated control, for meat kept at 25 °C for 24 and 48 h. The effects of ambient light were also considered. Our results indicated that free NAD(P)H and coproporphyrin emission bands present in contaminated meat, increased over time, and can provide access to valuable information for the detection of Salmonella in chicken meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilia Coronato Courrol
- Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Physics, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Diadema, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Afonso Vallim
- Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Diadema, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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14
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Tan TCY, Mahbub SB, Campbell JM, Habibalahi A, Campugan CA, Rose RD, Chow DJX, Mustafa S, Goldys EM, Dunning KR. Non-invasive, label-free optical analysis to detect aneuploidy within the inner cell mass of the preimplantation embryo. Hum Reprod 2021; 37:14-29. [PMID: 34741175 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Can label-free, non-invasive optical imaging by hyperspectral autofluorescence microscopy discern between euploid and aneuploid cells within the inner cell mass (ICM) of the mouse preimplantation embryo? SUMMARY ANSWER Hyperspectral autofluorescence microscopy enables discrimination between euploid and aneuploid ICM in mouse embryos. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Euploid/aneuploid mosaicism affects up to 17.3% of human blastocyst embryos with trophectoderm biopsy or spent media currently utilized to diagnose aneuploidy and mosaicism in clinical in vitro fertilization. Based on their design, these approaches will fail to diagnose the presence or proportion of aneuploid cells within the foetal lineage ICM of some blastocyst embryos. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION The impact of aneuploidy on cellular autofluorescence and metabolism of primary human fibroblast cells and mouse embryos was assessed using a fluorescence microscope adapted for imaging with multiple spectral channels (hyperspectral imaging). Primary human fibroblast cells with known ploidy were subjected to hyperspectral imaging to record native cell fluorescence (4-6 independent replicates, euploid n = 467; aneuploid n = 969). For mouse embryos, blastomeres from the eight-cell stage (five independent replicates: control n = 39; reversine n = 44) and chimeric blastocysts (eight independent replicates: control n = 34; reversine n = 34; 1:1 (control:reversine) n = 30 and 1:3 (control:reversine) n = 37) were utilized for hyperspectral imaging. The ICM from control and reversine-treated embryos were mechanically dissected and their karyotype confirmed by whole genome sequencing (n = 13 euploid and n = 9 aneuploid). PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Two models were employed: (i) primary human fibroblasts with known karyotype and (ii) a mouse model of embryo aneuploidy where mouse embryos were treated with reversine, a reversible spindle assembly checkpoint inhibitor, during the four- to eight-cell division. Individual blastomeres were dissociated from control and reversine-treated eight-cell embryos and either imaged directly or used to generate chimeric blastocysts with differing ratios of control:reversine-treated cells. Individual blastomeres and embryos were interrogated by hyperspectral imaging. Changes in cellular metabolism were determined by quantification of metabolic co-factors (inferred from their autofluorescence signature): NAD(P)H and flavins with the subsequent calculation of the optical redox ratio (ORR: flavins/[NAD(P)H + flavins]). Autofluorescence signals obtained from hyperspectral imaging were examined mathematically to extract features from each cell/blastomere/ICM. This was used to discriminate between different cell populations. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE An increase in the relative abundance of NAD(P)H and decrease in flavins led to a significant reduction in the ORR for aneuploid cells in primary human fibroblasts and reversine-treated mouse blastomeres (P < 0.05). Mathematical analysis of endogenous cell autofluorescence achieved separation between (i) euploid and aneuploid primary human fibroblast cells, (ii) control and reversine-treated mouse blastomeres cells, (iii) control and reversine-treated chimeric blastocysts, (iv) 1:1 and 1:3 chimeric blastocysts and (v) confirmed euploid and aneuploid ICM from mouse blastocysts. The accuracy of these separations was supported by receiver operating characteristic curves with areas under the curve of 0.97, 0.99, 0.87, 0.88 and 0.93, respectively. We believe that the role of chance is low as mathematical features separated euploid from aneuploid in both human fibroblasts and ICM of mouse blastocysts. LARGE SCALE DATA N/A. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Although we were able to discriminate between euploid and aneuploid ICM in mouse blastocysts, confirmation of this approach in human embryos is required. While we show this approach is safe in mouse, further validation is required in large animal species prior to implementation in a clinical setting. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS We have developed an original, accurate and non-invasive optical approach to assess aneuploidy within the ICM of mouse embryos in the absence of fluorescent tags. Hyperspectral autofluorescence imaging was able to discriminate between euploid and aneuploid human fibroblast and mouse blastocysts (ICM). This approach may potentially lead to a new diagnostic for embryo analysis. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) K.R.D. is supported by a Mid-Career Fellowship from the Hospital Research Foundation (C-MCF-58-2019). This study was funded by the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics (CE140100003) and the National Health and Medical Research Council (APP2003786). The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany C Y Tan
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Saabah B Mahbub
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence Centre for Nanoscale Biophotonics, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Jared M Campbell
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence Centre for Nanoscale Biophotonics, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Abbas Habibalahi
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence Centre for Nanoscale Biophotonics, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Carl A Campugan
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ryan D Rose
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Fertility SA, St. Andrews Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Darren J X Chow
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sanam Mustafa
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ewa M Goldys
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence Centre for Nanoscale Biophotonics, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Kylie R Dunning
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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15
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Non-invasive assessment of exfoliated kidney cells extracted from urine using multispectral autofluorescence features. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10655. [PMID: 34017033 PMCID: PMC8138006 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89758-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimally preserved urinary exfoliated renal proximal tubule cells were assessed by multispectral imaging of cell autofluorescence. We demonstrated different multispectral autofluorescence signals in such cells extracted from the urine of patients with healthy or diseased kidneys. Using up to 10 features, we were able to differentiate cells from individuals with heathy kidneys and impaired renal function (indicated by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) values) with the receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (AUC) of 0.99. Using the same method, we were also able to discriminate such urine cells from patients with and without renal fibrosis on biopsy, where significant differences in multispectral autofluorescence signals (AUC = 0.90) were demonstrated between healthy and diseased patients (p < 0.05). These findings show that multispectral assessment of the cell autofluorescence in urine exfoliated proximal tubule kidney cells has the potential to be developed as a sensitive, non-invasive diagnostic method for CKD.
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16
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Bertoldo MJ, Listijono DR, Ho WHJ, Riepsamen AH, Goss DM, Richani D, Jin XL, Mahbub S, Campbell JM, Habibalahi A, Loh WGN, Youngson NA, Maniam J, Wong ASA, Selesniemi K, Bustamante S, Li C, Zhao Y, Marinova MB, Kim LJ, Lau L, Wu RM, Mikolaizak AS, Araki T, Le Couteur DG, Turner N, Morris MJ, Walters KA, Goldys E, O'Neill C, Gilchrist RB, Sinclair DA, Homer HA, Wu LE. NAD + Repletion Rescues Female Fertility during Reproductive Aging. Cell Rep 2021; 30:1670-1681.e7. [PMID: 32049001 PMCID: PMC7063679 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Reproductive aging in female mammals is an irreversible process associated with declining oocyte quality, which is the rate-limiting factor to fertility. Here, we show that this loss of oocyte quality with age accompanies declining levels of the prominent metabolic cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). Treatment with the NAD+ metabolic precursor nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) rejuvenates oocyte quality in aged animals, leading to restoration in fertility, and this can be recapitulated by transgenic overexpression of the NAD+-dependent deacylase SIRT2, though deletion of this enzyme does not impair oocyte quality. These benefits of NMN extend to the developing embryo, where supplementation reverses the adverse effect of maternal age on developmental milestones. These findings suggest that late-life restoration of NAD+ levels represents an opportunity to rescue female reproductive function in mammals. Declining oocyte quality is considered an irreversible feature of aging and is rate limiting for human fertility. Bertoldo et al. show that reversing an age-dependent decline in NAD(P)H restores oocyte quality, embryo development, and functional fertility in aged mice. These findings may be relevant to reproductive medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Bertoldo
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dave R Listijono
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Wing-Hong Jonathan Ho
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Dale M Goss
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dulama Richani
- School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Xing L Jin
- Human Reproduction Unit, Kolling Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Saabah Mahbub
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jared M Campbell
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Abbas Habibalahi
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Neil A Youngson
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jayanthi Maniam
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ashley S A Wong
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kaisa Selesniemi
- Paul F. Glenn Laboratories for the Biological Mechanisms of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA; Jumpstart Fertility Pty Ltd., Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sonia Bustamante
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Catherine Li
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yiqing Zhao
- School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Maria B Marinova
- School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lynn-Jee Kim
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Laurin Lau
- School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rachael M Wu
- Graduate Entry Medical School, University of Limerick, Limerick, Republic of Ireland
| | | | - Toshiyuki Araki
- Department of Peripheral Nervous System Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - David G Le Couteur
- ANZAC Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Concord, NSW, Australia
| | - Nigel Turner
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Kirsty A Walters
- School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ewa Goldys
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Christopher O'Neill
- Human Reproduction Unit, Kolling Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert B Gilchrist
- School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David A Sinclair
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Paul F. Glenn Laboratories for the Biological Mechanisms of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA.
| | - Hayden A Homer
- School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Christopher Chen Oocyte Biology Laboratory, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, Australia.
| | - Lindsay E Wu
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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17
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Kyriazis ID, Hoffman M, Gaignebet L, Lucchese AM, Markopoulou E, Palioura D, Wang C, Bannister TD, Christofidou-Solomidou M, Oka SI, Sadoshima J, Koch WJ, Goldberg IJ, Yang VW, Bialkowska AB, Kararigas G, Drosatos K. KLF5 Is Induced by FOXO1 and Causes Oxidative Stress and Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Circ Res 2021; 128:335-357. [PMID: 33539225 PMCID: PMC7870005 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.316738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DbCM) is a major complication in type-1 diabetes, accompanied by altered cardiac energetics, impaired mitochondrial function, and oxidative stress. Previous studies indicate that type-1 diabetes is associated with increased cardiac expression of KLF5 (Krüppel-like factor-5) and PPARα (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor) that regulate cardiac lipid metabolism. OBJECTIVE In this study, we investigated the involvement of KLF5 in DbCM and its transcriptional regulation. METHODS AND RESULTS KLF5 mRNA levels were assessed in isolated cardiomyocytes from cardiovascular patients with diabetes and were higher compared with nondiabetic individuals. Analyses in human cells and diabetic mice with cardiomyocyte-specific FOXO1 (Forkhead box protein O1) deletion showed that FOXO1 bound directly on the KLF5 promoter and increased KLF5 expression. Diabetic mice with cardiomyocyte-specific FOXO1 deletion had lower cardiac KLF5 expression and were protected from DbCM. Genetic, pharmacological gain and loss of KLF5 function approaches and AAV (adeno-associated virus)-mediated Klf5 delivery in mice showed that KLF5 induces DbCM. Accordingly, the protective effect of cardiomyocyte FOXO1 ablation in DbCM was abolished when KLF5 expression was rescued. Similarly, constitutive cardiomyocyte-specific KLF5 overexpression caused cardiac dysfunction. KLF5 caused oxidative stress via direct binding on NADPH oxidase (NOX)4 promoter and induction of NOX4 (NADPH oxidase 4) expression. This was accompanied by accumulation of cardiac ceramides. Pharmacological or genetic KLF5 inhibition alleviated superoxide formation, prevented ceramide accumulation, and improved cardiac function in diabetic mice. CONCLUSIONS Diabetes-mediated activation of cardiomyocyte FOXO1 increases KLF5 expression, which stimulates NOX4 expression, ceramide accumulation, and causes DbCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis D. Kyriazis
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Center for Translational Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19131, USA
| | - Matthew Hoffman
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Center for Translational Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19131, USA
| | - Lea Gaignebet
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 10115, Germany
| | - Anna Maria Lucchese
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Center for Translational Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19131, USA
| | - Eftychia Markopoulou
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Center for Translational Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19131, USA
| | - Dimitra Palioura
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Center for Translational Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19131, USA
| | - Chao Wang
- The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458m USA
| | | | - Melpo Christofidou-Solomidou
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Shin-ichi Oka
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07101, USA
| | - Junichi Sadoshima
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07101, USA
| | - Walter J. Koch
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Center for Translational Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19131, USA
| | - Ira J. Goldberg
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Vincent W. Yang
- School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | | | - Georgios Kararigas
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 10115, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin 10785, Germany
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Konstantinos Drosatos
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Center for Translational Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19131, USA
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18
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Identifying metastatic ability of prostate cancer cell lines using native fluorescence spectroscopy and machine learning methods. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2282. [PMID: 33500529 PMCID: PMC7838178 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81945-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of mortalities in cancer patients due to the spreading of cancer cells to various organs. Detecting cancer and identifying its metastatic potential at the early stage is important. This may be achieved based on the quantification of the key biomolecular components within tissues and cells using recent optical spectroscopic techniques. The aim of this study was to develop a noninvasive label-free optical biopsy technique to retrieve the characteristic molecular information for detecting different metastatic potentials of prostate cancer cells. Herein we report using native fluorescence (NFL) spectroscopy along with machine learning (ML) to differentiate prostate cancer cells with different metastatic abilities. The ML algorithms including principal component analysis (PCA) and nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) were used for dimension reduction and feature detection. The characteristic component spectra were used to identify the key biomolecules that are correlated with metastatic potentials. The relative concentrations of the molecular spectral components were retrieved and used to classify the cancer cells with different metastatic potentials. A multi-class classification was performed using support vector machines (SVMs). The NFL spectral data were collected from three prostate cancer cell lines with different levels of metastatic potentials. The key biomolecules in the prostate cancer cells were identified to be tryptophan, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and hypothetically lactate as well. The cancer cells with different metastatic potentials were classified with high accuracy using the relative concentrations of the key molecular components. The results suggest that the changes in the relative concentrations of these key fluorophores retrieved from NFL spectra may present potential criteria for detecting prostate cancer cells of different metastatic abilities.
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Rehman AU, Qureshi SA. A review of the medical hyperspectral imaging systems and unmixing algorithms' in biological tissues. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 33:102165. [PMID: 33383204 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Hyperspectral fluorescence imaging (HFI) is a well-known technique in the medical research field and is considered a non-invasive tool for tissue diagnosis. This review article gives a brief introduction to acquisition methods, including the image preprocessing methods, feature selection and extraction methods, data classification techniques and medical image analysis along with recent relevant references. The process of fusion of unsupervised unmixing techniques with other classification methods, like the combination of support vector machine with an artificial neural network, the latest snapshot Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) and vortex analysis techniques are also outlined. Finally, the recent applications of hyperspectral images in cellular differentiation of various types of cancer are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Ul Rehman
- Agri & Biophotonics Division, National Institute of Lasers and Optronics College, PIEAS, 45650, Islamabad, Pakistan; Department of Physics and Astronomy Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Shahzad Ahmad Qureshi
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad, 45650, Pakistan
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Courrol LC, Vallim MA. Spectroscopic Analysis of Chicken Meat Contaminated with E. coli, Salmonella, and Campylobacter. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-020-01888-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Optical imaging of cleavage stage bovine embryos using hyperspectral and confocal approaches reveals metabolic differences between on-time and fast-developing embryos. Theriogenology 2020; 159:60-68. [PMID: 33113445 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The assessment of embryo quality aims to enhance subsequent pregnancy and live birth outcomes. Metabolic analysis of embryos has immense potential in this regard. As a step towards this goal, here we assess the metabolism of bovine embryos using label-free optical imaging. We compared embryos defined as either on-time or fast-developing, as fast dividing embryos are more likely to develop to the blastocyst stage. Specifically, bovine embryos at 48 (Day 2) and 96 (Day 4) hours post fertilization were fixed and separated based on morphological assessment: on-time (Day 2: 2 cell; Day 4: 5-7 cell) or fast-developing (Day 2: 3-7 cell; Day 4: 8-16 cell). Embryos with different developmental rates on Day 2 and Day 4 were correlated with metabolic activity and DNA damage. Confocal microscopy was used to assess metabolic activity by quantification of cellular autofluorescence specific for the endogenous fluorophores NAD(P)H and FAD with a subsequent calculation of the optical redox ratio. Separately, hyperspectral microscopy was employed to assess a broader range of endogenous fluorophores. DNA damage was determined using γH2AX immunohistochemistry. Hyperspectral imaging showed significantly lower abundance of endogenous fluorophores in fast-developing compared to on-time embryos on Day 2, indicating a lower metabolic activity. On Day 4 of development there was no difference in the abundance of FAD between on-time and fast-developing embryos. There was, however, significantly higher levels of NAD(P)H in fast-developing embryos leading to a significantly lower optical redox ratio when compared to on-time embryos. Collectively, these results demonstrate that fast-developing embryos present a 'quiet' metabolic pattern on Day 2 and Day 4 of development, compared to on-time embryos. There was no difference in the level of DNA damage between on-time and fast-developing embryos on either day of development. To our knowledge, this is the first collective use of confocal and hyperspectral imaging in cleavage-stage bovine embryos in the absence of fluorescent tags.
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Xu HN, Lin Z, Gandhi CK, Amatya S, Wang Y, Li LZ, Floros J. Sex and SP-A2 Dependent NAD(H) Redox Alterations in Mouse Alveolar Macrophages in Response to Ozone Exposure: Potential Implications for COVID-19. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9100915. [PMID: 32992843 PMCID: PMC7601279 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-enzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(H)) redox plays a key role in macrophage function. Surfactant protein (SP-) A modulates the functions of alveolar macrophages (AM) and ozone (O3) exposure in the presence or absence of SP-A and reduces mouse survival in a sex-dependent manner. It is unclear whether and how NAD(H) redox status plays a role in the innate immune response in a sex-dependent manner. We investigated the NAD(H) redox status of AM from SP-A2 and SP-A knockout (KO) mice in response to O3 or filtered air (control) exposure using optical redox imaging technique. We found: (i) In SP-A2 mice, the redox alteration of AM in response to O3 showed sex-dependence with AM from males being significantly more oxidized and having a higher level of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species than females; (ii) AM from KO mice were more oxidized after O3 exposure and showed no sex differences; (iii) AM from female KO mice were more oxidized than female SP-A2 mice; and (iv) Two distinct subpopulations characterized by size and redox status were observed in a mouse AM sample. In conclusions, the NAD(H) redox balance in AM responds to O3 in a sex-dependent manner and the innate immune molecule, SP-A2, contributes to this observed sex-specific redox response.
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Affiliation(s)
- He N. Xu
- Britton Chance Laboratory of Redox Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (H.N.X.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhenwu Lin
- Britton Chance Laboratory of Redox Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (H.N.X.); (Z.L.)
| | - Chintan K. Gandhi
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (C.K.G.); (S.A.); (Y.W.)
| | - Shaili Amatya
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (C.K.G.); (S.A.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yunhua Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (C.K.G.); (S.A.); (Y.W.)
| | - Lin Z. Li
- Britton Chance Laboratory of Redox Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (H.N.X.); (Z.L.)
- Correspondence: (L.Z.L.); (J.F.)
| | - Joanna Floros
- Departments of Pediatric and Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Correspondence: (L.Z.L.); (J.F.)
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The Observation and Characterisation of Fluorescent Bioaerosols Using Real-Time UV-LIF Spectrometry in Hong Kong from June to November 2018. ATMOSPHERE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos11090944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hong Kong is an area of complex topography, with mixtures of urban and greenbelt spaces. Local bioaerosol concentrations are multifaceted, depending on seasonal variations of meteorological conditions and emission sources. This study is the first known attempt at both quantitatively measuring and identifying airborne bioaerosol contributions, by utilising multiple single particle ultraviolet light-induced fluorescence spectrometers. Based in the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology’s super-site, a WIBS-NEO and PLAIR Rapid-E were operated from June to November, 2018. The purpose of this long-term campaign was to observe the shift in wind patterns and meteorological conditions as the seasons changed, and to investigate how, or if, this impacted on the dispersion and concentrations of bioaerosols in the area. Bioaerosol concentrations based on the particle auto-fluorescence spectra remained low through the summer and autumn months, averaging 4.2 L−1 between June and October. Concentrations were greatest in October, peaking up to 23 L−1. We argued that these concentrations were dominated by dry-weather fungal spores, as evidenced by their spectral profile and relationship with meteorological variables. We discuss potential bioaerosol source regions based on wind-sector cluster analysis and believe that this study paints a picture of bioaerosol emissions in an important region of the world.
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Rehman AU, Qureshi SA. The role of primary and secondary bio-molecules in optical diagnosis of pandemic COVID-19 outbreak. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 31:101953. [PMID: 32818646 PMCID: PMC7430300 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Ul Rehman
- Agriculture & Biophotonics Division, National Institute of Lasers and Optronics College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), 45650 Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Shahzad Ahmad Qureshi
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad 45650, Pakistan
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25
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Campbell JM, Mahbub S, Habibalahi A, Paton S, Gronthos S, Goldys E. Ageing human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have depleted NAD(P)H and distinct multispectral autofluorescence. GeroScience 2020; 43:859-868. [PMID: 32789662 PMCID: PMC8110641 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00250-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell exhaustion plays a major role in the ageing of different tissues. Similarly, in vitro cell ageing during expansion prior to their use in regenerative medicine can severely compromise stem cell quality through progressive declines in differentiation and growth capacity. We utilized non-destructive multispectral assessment of native cell autofluorescence to investigate the metabolic mechanisms of in vitro mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) ageing in human bone marrow MSCs over serial passages (P2-P10). The spectral signals for NAD(P)H, flavins and protein-bound NAD(P)H were successfully isolated using Robust Dependent Component Analysis (RoDECA). NAD(P)H decreased over the course of hMSC ageing in absolute terms as well as relative to flavins (optical redox ratio). Relative changes in other fluorophore levels (flavins, protein-bound NAD(P)H) suggested that this reduction was due to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide depletion rather than a metabolic shift from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation. Using multispectral features, which are determined without cell fixation or fluorescent labelling, we developed and externally validated a reliable, linear model which could accurately categorize the age of culture-expanded hMSCs. The largest shift in spectral characteristics occurs early in hMSC ageing. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of applying multispectral technology for the non-invasive monitoring of MSC health in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared M Campbell
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia. .,The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia.
| | - Saabah Mahbub
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia.,The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Abbas Habibalahi
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia.,The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Sharon Paton
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia.,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Stan Gronthos
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia.,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Ewa Goldys
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia.,The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
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26
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Hutchinson MR. Science convergence applied to psychoneuroimmunology: The future of measurement and imaging. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 88:262-269. [PMID: 32289367 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The future of psychoneuroimmunology requires breakthrough technology discoveries. These next generation technologies need to address the unique challenges that are raised by imaging and measuring the activity of the neuroimmune interface in health and disease. The complexity of this challenge is centred around the multidimensionality of the neuroimmune system. These include novel challenges of capturing potent and rare biological signals over long times and vast anatomical distances. Here is a summary of the outcomes of the investments made by the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics which was presented as part of the PNIRSAsia-Pacific symposium at the 2019 International Brain Research Organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Hutchinson
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia; Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia; Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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27
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Habibalahi A, Moghari MD, Campbell JM, Anwer AG, Mahbub SB, Gosnell M, Saad S, Pollock C, Goldys EM. Non-invasive real-time imaging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) using auto-fluorescence multispectral imaging technique: A novel tool for redox biology. Redox Biol 2020; 34:101561. [PMID: 32526699 PMCID: PMC7287272 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Detecting reactive oxygen species (ROS) that play a critical role as redox modulators and signalling molecules in biological systems currently requires invasive methods such as ROS -specific indicators for imaging and quantification. We developed a non-invasive, real-time, label-free imaging technique for assessing the level of ROS in live cells and thawed cryopreserved tissues that is compatible with in-vivo imaging. The technique is based on autofluorescence multispectral imaging (AFMI) carried out in an adapted fluorescence microscope with an expanded number of spectral channels spanning specific excitation (365 nm-495 nm) and emission (420 nm-700 nm) wavelength ranges. We established a strong quantitative correlation between the spectral information obtained from AFMI and the level of ROS obtained from CellROX staining. The results were obtained in several cell types (HeLa, PANC1 and mesenchymal stem cells) and in live kidney tissue. Additioanly,two spectral regimes were considered: with and without UV excitation (wavelengths > 400 nm); the latter being suitable for UV-sensitive systems such as the eye. Data were analyzed by linear regression combined with an optimization method of swarm intelligence. This allowed the calibration of AFMI signals to the level of ROS with excellent correlation (R = 0.84, p = 0.00) in the entire spectral range and very good correlation (R = 0.78, p = 0.00) in the limited, UV-free spectral range. We also developed a strong classifier which allowed us to distinguish moderate and high levels of ROS in these two regimes (AUC = 0.91 in the entire spectral range and AUC = 0.78 for UV-free imaging). These results indicate that ROS in cells and tissues can be imaged non-invasively, which opens the way to future clinical applications in conditions where reactive oxygen species are known to contribute to progressive disease such as in ophthalmology, diabetes, kidney disease, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Habibalahi
- ARC Centre of Excellence Centre for Nanoscale Biophotonics, University of New South Wales, Kensington, 2052, NSW, Australia.
| | - Mahdieh Dashtbani Moghari
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Darlington Campus, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Jared M Campbell
- ARC Centre of Excellence Centre for Nanoscale Biophotonics, University of New South Wales, Kensington, 2052, NSW, Australia
| | - Ayad G Anwer
- ARC Centre of Excellence Centre for Nanoscale Biophotonics, University of New South Wales, Kensington, 2052, NSW, Australia
| | - Saabah B Mahbub
- ARC Centre of Excellence Centre for Nanoscale Biophotonics, University of New South Wales, Kensington, 2052, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Sonia Saad
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Camperdown, 2006, NSW, Australia
| | - Carol Pollock
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Camperdown, 2006, NSW, Australia
| | - Ewa M Goldys
- ARC Centre of Excellence Centre for Nanoscale Biophotonics, University of New South Wales, Kensington, 2052, NSW, Australia
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Datta R, Heaster TM, Sharick JT, Gillette AA, Skala MC. Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy: fundamentals and advances in instrumentation, analysis, and applications. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2020; 25:1-43. [PMID: 32406215 PMCID: PMC7219965 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.25.7.071203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) is a powerful technique to distinguish the unique molecular environment of fluorophores. FLIM measures the time a fluorophore remains in an excited state before emitting a photon, and detects molecular variations of fluorophores that are not apparent with spectral techniques alone. FLIM is sensitive to multiple biomedical processes including disease progression and drug efficacy. AIM We provide an overview of FLIM principles, instrumentation, and analysis while highlighting the latest developments and biological applications. APPROACH This review covers FLIM principles and theory, including advantages over intensity-based fluorescence measurements. Fundamentals of FLIM instrumentation in time- and frequency-domains are summarized, along with recent developments. Image segmentation and analysis strategies that quantify spatial and molecular features of cellular heterogeneity are reviewed. Finally, representative applications are provided including high-resolution FLIM of cell- and organelle-level molecular changes, use of exogenous and endogenous fluorophores, and imaging protein-protein interactions with Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). Advantages and limitations of FLIM are also discussed. CONCLUSIONS FLIM is advantageous for probing molecular environments of fluorophores to inform on fluorophore behavior that cannot be elucidated with intensity measurements alone. Development of FLIM technologies, analysis, and applications will further advance biological research and clinical assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupsa Datta
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Tiffany M. Heaster
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- University of Wisconsin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Joe T. Sharick
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Amani A. Gillette
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- University of Wisconsin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Melissa C. Skala
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- University of Wisconsin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
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Podsednik A, Jacob A, Li LZ, Xu HN. Relationship between Optical Redox Status and Reactive Oxygen Species in Cancer Cells. REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES (APEX, N.C.) 2020; 9:95-108. [PMID: 32066994 PMCID: PMC7025870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Shifted NAD(H) redox status and enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging systems have been observed in cancers. However, how such redox shift is related to the ROS level in cancer cells is less clear. Based on collecting the intrinsic fluorescence of oxidized flavoproteins (Fp containing flavin adenine dinucleotide) and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), optical redox imaging (ORI) provides a quantitative measure of the mitochondrial redox state by the optical redox ratio, Fp/(NADH+Fp), a surrogate marker of the NAD+-coupled redox state NAD+/NADH. Our study aims to explore the relationship between NAD(H) redox status and ROS by imaging NADH, Fp, and ROS levels using cultured breast cancer cell models. By manipulating either ROS levels via application of exogenous H2O2 or redox status via metabolic perturbation compounds, we found that: (1) oxidation of NAD(H) redox status correlates with ROS levels at lower H2O2 concentrations (up to ~700 μM), but not necessarily at higher concentrations; (2) an elevated ROS level diminishes NADH and reduces redox ratio plasticity; (3) either more oxidized or more reduced status can correlate to an increased ROS level; and (4) sometimes, a more oxidized status can correlate to a decreased ROS level depending on cell lines. These observations indicated that cellular NAD(H) redox state and ROS are intricately related but can also change separately. This study can benefit cancer research as both NAD(H) redox status and ROS have been implicated in cancer transformation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Podsednik
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Annemarie Jacob
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lin Z Li
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - He N Xu
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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30
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Cao R, Wallrabe H, Siller K, Periasamy A. Optimization of FLIM imaging, fitting and analysis for auto-fluorescent NAD(P)H and FAD in cells and tissues. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2020; 8:024001. [PMID: 31972557 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/ab6f25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Increasingly, the auto-fluorescent coenzymes NAD(P)H and FAD are being tracked by multi-photon fluorescence lifetime microscopy (FLIM) and used as versatile markers for changes in mammalian metabolism. The cellular redox state of different cell model systems, organoids and tissue sections is investigated in a range of pathologies where the metabolism is disrupted or reprogrammed; the latter is particularly relevant in cancer biology. Yet, the actual optimized process of acquiring images by FLIM, execute a correct lifetime fitting procedure and subsequent processing and analysis can be challenging for new users. Questions remain of how to optimize FLIM experiments, whether any potential photo-bleaching affects FLIM results and whether fixed specimens can be used in experiments. We have broken down the multi-step sequence into best-practice application of FLIM for NAD(P)H and FAD imaging, with images generated by a time-correlated-single-photon-counting (TCSPC) system, fitted with Becker & Hickl software and further processed with open-source ImageJ/Fiji and Python software.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruofan Cao
- The W.M. Keck Center for Cellular Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
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31
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Wen Y, Xu HN, Privette Vinnedge L, Feng M, Li LZ. Optical Redox Imaging Detects the Effects of DEK Oncogene Knockdown on the Redox State of MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells. Mol Imaging Biol 2019; 21:410-416. [PMID: 30758703 PMCID: PMC6684344 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-019-01321-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Optical redox imaging (ORI), based on collecting the endogenous fluorescence of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and oxidized flavoproteins (Fp) containing a redox cofactor flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), provides sensitive indicators of cellular metabolism and redox status. ORI indices (such as NADH, FAD, and their ratio) have been under investigation as potential progression/prognosis biomarkers for cancer. Higher FAD redox ratio (i.e., FAD/(FAD + NADH)) has been associated with higher invasive/metastatic potential in tumor xenografts and cultured cells. This study is to examine whether ORI indices can respond to the modulation of oncogene DEK activities that change cancer cell invasive/metastatic potential. PROCEDURES Using lentiviral shRNA, DEK gene expression was efficiently knocked down in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells (DEKsh). These DEKsh cells, along with scrambled shRNA-transduced control cells (NTsh), were imaged with a fluorescence microscope. In vitro invasive potential of the DEKsh cells and NTsh cells was also measured in parallel using the transwell assay. RESULTS FAD and FAD redox ratios in polyclonal cells with DEKsh were significantly lower than that in NTsh control cells. Consistently, the DEKsh cells demonstrated decreased invasive potential than their non-knockdown counterparts NTsh cells. CONCLUSIONS This study provides direct evidence that oncogene activities could mediate ORI-detected cellular redox state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wen
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - He N Xu
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lisa Privette Vinnedge
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Min Feng
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lin Z Li
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Abramson Cancer Center and Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Habibalahi A, Bala C, Allende A, Anwer AG, Goldys EM. Novel automated non invasive detection of ocular surface squamous neoplasia using multispectral autofluorescence imaging. Ocul Surf 2019; 17:540-550. [PMID: 30904597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Diagnosing Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) using newly designed multispectral imaging technique. METHODS Eighteen patients with histopathological diagnosis of Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia (OSSN) were recruited. Their previously collected biopsy specimens of OSSN were reprocessed without staining to obtain auto fluorescence multispectral microscopy images. This technique involved a custom-built spectral imaging system with 38 spectral channels. Inter and intra-patient frameworks were deployed to automatically detect and delineate OSSN using machine learning methods. Different machine learning methods were evaluated, with K nearest neighbor and Support Vector Machine chosen as preferred classifiers for intra- and inter-patient frameworks, respectively. The performance of the technique was evaluated against a pathological assessment. RESULTS Quantitative analysis of the spectral images provided a strong multispectral signature of a relative difference between neoplastic and normal tissue both within each patient (at p < 0.0005) and between patients (at p < 0.001). Our fully automated diagnostic method based on machine learning produces maps of the relatively well circumscribed neoplastic-non neoplastic interface. Such maps can be rapidly generated in quasi-real time and used for intraoperative assessment. Generally, OSSN could be detected using multispectral analysis in all patients investigated here. The cancer margins detected by multispectral analysis were in close and reasonable agreement with the margins observed in the H&E sections in intra- and inter-patient classification, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study shows the feasibility of using multispectral auto-fluorescence imaging to detect and find the boundary of human OSSN. Fully automated analysis of multispectral images based on machine learning methods provides a promising diagnostic tool for OSSN which can be translated to future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Habibalahi
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia; School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia; Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2032, NSW, Australia.
| | - Chandra Bala
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Alexandra Allende
- Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Macquarie Park, Sydney, NSW, 2113, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Ayad G Anwer
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia; Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2032, NSW, Australia
| | - Ewa M Goldys
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia; Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2032, NSW, Australia.
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Liu Y, Clement J, Grant R, Sachdev P, Braidy N. Quantitation of NAD+: Why do we need to measure it? Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:2527-2532. [PMID: 30048742 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an essential pyridine nucleotide that is currently investigated as an important target to extend lifespan and health span. Age-related NAD+ depletion due to the accumulation of oxidative stress is associated with reduced energy production, impaired DNA repair and genomic instability. SCOPE OF REVIEW NAD+ levels can be elevated therapeutically using NAD+ precursors or through lifestyle modifications including exercise and caloric restriction. However, high amounts of NAD+ may be detrimental in cancer progression and may have deleterious immunogenic roles. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Standardized quantitation of NAD+ and related metabolites may therefore represent an important component of NAD+ therapy. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Quantitation of NAD+ may serve dual roles not only as an ageing biomarker, but also as a diagnostic tool for the prevention of malignant disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Ross Grant
- Australasian Research Institute, Sydney Adventist Hospital, Sydney, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Perminder Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Neuropsychiatric Institute, Euroa Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nady Braidy
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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Sander K, Asano KG, Bhandari D, Van Berkel GJ, Brown SD, Davison B, Tschaplinski TJ. Targeted redox and energy cofactor metabolomics in Clostridium thermocellum and Thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2017; 10:270. [PMID: 29213318 PMCID: PMC5707896 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0960-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clostridium thermocellum and Thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum are prominent candidate biocatalysts that, together, can enable the direct biotic conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol. The imbalance and suboptimal turnover rates of redox cofactors are currently hindering engineering efforts to achieve higher bioproductivity in both organisms. Measuring relevant intracellular cofactor concentrations will help understand redox state of these cofactors and help identify a strategy to overcome these limitations; however, metabolomic determinations of these labile metabolites have historically proved challenging. RESULTS Through our validations, we verified the handling and storage stability of these metabolites, and verified extraction matrices and extraction solvent were not suppressing mass spectrometry signals. We recovered adenylate energy charge ratios (a main quality indicator) above 0.82 for all extractions. NADH/NAD+ values of 0.26 and 0.04 for an adhE-deficient strain of C. thermocellum and its parent, respectively, reflect the expected shift to a more reduced redox potential when a species lacks the ability to re-oxidize NADH by synthesizing ethanol. This method failed to yield reliable results with C. bescii and poor-growing strains of T. saccharolyticum. CONCLUSIONS Our validated protocols demonstrate and validate the extraction and analysis of selected redox and energy-related metabolites from two candidate consolidated bioprocessing biocatalysts, C. thermocellum and T. saccharolyticum. This development and validation highlights the important, but often neglected, need to optimize and validate metabolomic protocols when adapting them to new cell or tissue types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Sander
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA
- Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Graduate Research and Education, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA
- BioEnergy Sciences Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN USA
| | - Keiji G. Asano
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN USA
- BioEnergy Sciences Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN USA
| | - Deepak Bhandari
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN USA
- BioEnergy Sciences Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN USA
- Present Address: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Gary J. Van Berkel
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN USA
- BioEnergy Sciences Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN USA
| | - Steven D. Brown
- Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Graduate Research and Education, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN USA
- Present Address: LanzaTech, Skokie, IL USA
| | - Brian Davison
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA
- Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Graduate Research and Education, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN USA
- BioEnergy Sciences Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN USA
| | - Timothy J. Tschaplinski
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN USA
- BioEnergy Sciences Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN USA
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Mahbub SB, Plöschner M, Gosnell ME, Anwer AG, Goldys EM. Statistically strong label-free quantitative identification of native fluorophores in a biological sample. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15792. [PMID: 29150629 PMCID: PMC5693869 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15952-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioimaging using endogenous cell fluorescence, without any external biomarkers makes it possible to explore cells and tissues in their original native state, also in vivo. In order to be informative, this label-free method requires careful multispectral or hyperspectral recording of autofluorescence images followed by unsupervised extraction (unmixing) of biochemical signatures. The unmixing is difficult due to the scarcity of biochemically pure regions in cells and also because autofluorescence is weak compared with signals from labelled cells, typically leading to low signal to noise ratio. Here, we solve the problem of unsupervised hyperspectral unmixing of cellular autofluorescence by introducing the Robust Dependent Component Analysis (RoDECA). This approach provides sophisticated and statistically robust quantitative biochemical analysis of cellular autofluorescence images. We validate our method on artificial images, where the addition of varying known level of noise has allowed us to quantify the accuracy of our RoDECA analysis in a way that can be applied to real biological datasets. The same unsupervised statistical minimisation is then applied to imaging of mouse retinal photoreceptor cells where we establish the identity of key endogenous fluorophores (free NADH, FAD and lipofuscin) and derive the corresponding molecular abundance maps. The pre-processing methodology of image datasets is also presented, which is essential for the spectral unmixing analysis, but mostly overlooked in the previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saabah B Mahbub
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, Macquarie University, North Ryde, 2109, NSW, Australia.
| | - Martin Plöschner
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, Macquarie University, North Ryde, 2109, NSW, Australia
| | - Martin E Gosnell
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, Macquarie University, North Ryde, 2109, NSW, Australia
- Quantitative Pty Ltd, ABN 17165684186, 116-118 Great Western Highway, Mt. Victoria, NSW, 2786, Australia
| | - Ayad G Anwer
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, Macquarie University, North Ryde, 2109, NSW, Australia
| | - Ewa M Goldys
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, Macquarie University, North Ryde, 2109, NSW, Australia.
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Rehman AU, Anwer AG, Goldys EM. Programmable LED-based integrating sphere light source for wide-field fluorescence microscopy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2017; 20:201-206. [PMID: 29042307 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Wide-field fluorescence microscopy commonly uses a mercury lamp, which has limited spectral capabilities. We designed and built a programmable integrating sphere light (PISL) source which consists of nine LEDs, light-collecting optics, a commercially available integrating sphere and a baffle. The PISL source is tuneable in the range 365-490nm with a uniform spatial profile and a sufficient power at the objective to carry out spectral imaging. We retrofitted a standard fluorescence inverted microscope DM IRB (Leica) with a PISL source by mounting it together with a highly sensitive low- noise CMOS camera. The capabilities of the setup have been demonstrated by carrying out multispectral autofluorescence imaging of live BV2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Ul Rehman
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Physics and Astronomy Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109, New South Wales, Australia; Biophotonics Laboratory, National Institute of Lasers and Optronics, Lehtrar Road, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan.
| | - Ayad G Anwer
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Physics and Astronomy Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ewa M Goldys
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Physics and Astronomy Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109, New South Wales, Australia
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Jenvey CJ, Stabel JR. Autofluorescence and Nonspecific Immunofluorescent Labeling in Frozen Bovine Intestinal Tissue Sections: Solutions for Multicolor Immunofluorescence Experiments. J Histochem Cytochem 2017; 65:531-541. [PMID: 28763246 DOI: 10.1369/0022155417724425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Autofluorescent compounds present in intestinal tissue often hinder the ability to utilize multiple, spectrally different, fluorophores. In addition, fixatives and blocking solutions may contribute to background autofluorescence or nonspecific immunofluorescent labeling. During immunofluorescence protocol development, autofluorescent pigments were observed in frozen bovine mid-ileal intestinal tissue sections. Coagulant fixatives, normal serum blocking, histochemical stains Sudan Black B (SBB) and 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB), and spectral separation using imaging software were compared for their ability to reduce autofluorescence, as well as their effect on immunofluorescent labeling. Fluorescent pigments of frozen bovine mid-ileal intestinal tissue sections, most likely caused by eosinophils and lipofuscin, were masked successfully with a combination of DAB and SBB. Little to no statistical differences were observed for all other methods investigated; however, tissue fixed with 1:1 acetone methanol and 10% horse serum diluted in 0.05 M Tris buffer demonstrated lower mean fluorescence intensities. Spectral separation of specific immunofluorescent labeling from background autofluorescence is a simple method for removing unwanted fluorescence; however, successful separation is dependent on tissue and labeling quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin J Jenvey
- National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa (CJJ, JRS)
| | - Judith R Stabel
- National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa (CJJ, JRS)
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