1
|
Lung S, Wang K, Pedersen NRH, Setzpfandt F, Sukhorukov AA. Robust Classical and Quantum Polarimetry with a Single Nanostructured Metagrating. ACS PHOTONICS 2024; 11:1060-1067. [PMID: 38523750 PMCID: PMC10958599 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.3c01287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
We formulate a new conceptual approach for one-shot complete polarization state measurement with nanostructured metasurfaces applicable to classical light and multiphoton quantum states by drawing on the principles of generalized quantum measurements based on positive operator-valued measures. Accurate polarization reconstruction from a combination of photon counts or correlations from several diffraction orders is robust with respect to even strong fabrication inaccuracies, requiring only a single classical calibration of the metasurface transmission. Furthermore, this approach operates with a single metagrating without interleaving, allowing for a reduction in metasurface size while preserving high transmission efficiency and output beam quality. We theoretically obtained original metasurface designs, fabricated the metasurface from amorphous silicon nanostructures deposited on glass, and experimentally confirmed accurate polarization reconstruction of laser beams. We also anticipate robust operation under changes in environmental conditions, opening new possibilities for space-based imaging and satellite optics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaun Lung
- Abbe
Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller
Universität, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, Jena 07745, Germany
- ARC
Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems (TMOS),
Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of
Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Kai Wang
- Department
of Physics, McGill University, 3600 rue University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2T8, Canada
| | - Nicolas R. H. Pedersen
- Abbe
Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller
Universität, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Frank Setzpfandt
- Abbe
Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller
Universität, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, Jena 07745, Germany
- Fraunhofer
Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Andrey A. Sukhorukov
- ARC
Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems (TMOS),
Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of
Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Guo C, Xiao M, Guo Y, Yuan L, Fan S. Meron Spin Textures in Momentum Space. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:106103. [PMID: 32216415 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.106103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We show that a momentum-space meron spin texture for electromagnetic fields in free space can be generated by controlling the interaction of light with a photonic crystal slab having a nonzero Berry curvature. These spin textures in momentum space have not been previously noted either in electronic or photonic systems. Breaking the inversion symmetry of a honeycomb photonic crystal gaps out the Dirac cones at the corners of Brillouin zone. The pseudospin textures of photonic bands near the gaps exhibit a meron or antimeron. Unlike the electronic systems, the pseudospin texture of the photonic modes manifests directly in the spin (polarization) texture of the leakage radiation, as the Dirac points can be above the light line. Such a spin texture provides a direct approach to visualize the local Berry curvature. Our work highlights the significant opportunities of using photonic structures for the exploration of topological spin textures, with potential applications towards topologically robust ways to manipulate polarizations and other modal characteristics of light.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Guo
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Meng Xiao
- Ginzton Laboratory and Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Ginzton Laboratory and Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Luqi Yuan
- Ginzton Laboratory and Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shanhui Fan
- Ginzton Laboratory and Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hiesmayr BC, Moskal P. Witnessing Entanglement In Compton Scattering Processes Via Mutually Unbiased Bases. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8166. [PMID: 31160617 PMCID: PMC6546736 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44570-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a quantum information theoretic version of the Klein-Nishina formula. This formulation singles out the quantity, the a priori visibility, that quantifies the ability to deduce the polarisation property of single photons. The Kraus-type structure allows a straightforward generalisation to the multiphoton cases, relevant in the decay of positronium which is utilized e.g. for metabolic PET-imaging (Positron- Emission- Tomograph). Predicted by theory but never experimentally proven, the two- or three-photon states should be entangled. We provide an experimentally feasible method to witness entanglement for these processes via MUBs (Mutually Unbiased Bases), exploiting Bohr's complementarity. Last but not least we present explicit cases exemplifying the interrelation of geometry and entanglement including relations to its potentiality for teleportation schemes or Bell inequality violations or in future for detecting cancer in human beings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatrix C Hiesmayr
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Pawel Moskal
- Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
High flux circularly polarized gamma beam factory: coupling a Fabry-Perot optical cavity with an electron storage ring. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36569. [PMID: 27857146 PMCID: PMC5114644 DOI: 10.1038/srep36569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We report and discuss high-flux generation of circularly polarized γ-rays by means of Compton scattering. The γ-ray beam results from the collision of an external-cavity-enhanced infrared laser beam and a low emittance relativistic electron beam. By operating a non-planar bow-tie high-finesse optical Fabry-Perot cavity coupled to a storage ring, we have recorded a flux of up to (3.5 ± 0.3) × 108 photons per second with a mean measured energy of 24 MeV. The γ-ray flux has been sustained for several hours. In particular, we were able to measure a record value of up to 400 γ-rays per collision in a full bandwidth. Moreover, the impact of Compton scattering on the electron beam dynamics could be observed resulting in a reduction of the electron beam lifetime correlated to the laser power stored in the Fabry-Perot cavity. We demonstrate that the electron beam lifetime provides an independent and consistent determination of the γ-ray flux. Furthermore, a reduction of the γ-ray flux due to intrabeam scattering has clearly been identified. These results, obtained on an accelerator test facility, warrant potential scaling and revealed both expected and yet unobserved effects. They set the baseline for further scaling of the future Compton sources under development around the world.
Collapse
|
5
|
|
6
|
Tudor T. Vectorial pure operatorial Pauli algebraic approach in polarization optics: a theoretical survey and some applications. APPLIED OPTICS 2012; 51:C184-C192. [PMID: 22505099 DOI: 10.1364/ao.51.00c184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade we have elaborated a mathematical tool for the description of the interaction of polarized light with polarization devices, alternative to the standard matrix (Jones and Mueller) formalisms, namely a vectorial pure operatorial Pauli algebraic one. After a brief, coherent survey of this formalism, we present some applicative results obtained in this frame, referring to the gain and the modification of the state of polarization at the interaction of the polarized light with deterministic devices. Due to an adequate parameterization of the problem, specific to this method, symmetric expressions of the gain and of the generalized Malus' law are obtained. On the other hand, the equation of the ellipsoid in which a Poincaré sphere of a given degree of polarization is mapped by such a device can be established.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiberiu Tudor
- Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, Măgurele, Romania.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Affiliation(s)
- I. Kuščer
- a Institute of Physics, University of Ljubljana
| | - M. Ribarič
- b J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Yugoslavia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dennis MR. Geometric interpretation of the three-dimensional coherence matrix for nonparaxial polarization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1088/1464-4258/6/3/005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
9
|
Morales JA, Navarro E. Minkowskian description of polarized light and polarizers. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2003; 67:026605. [PMID: 12636839 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.67.026605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A conventional Stokes description of polarized light is considered in a four-dimensional Lorentzian space, developing a seminal idea of Paul Soleillet [Ann. Phys. (Paris) 12, 23 (1929)]. This provides a striking interpretation for the degree of polarization and the Stokes decomposition of light beams. Malus law and reciprocity theorems for polarizers are studied using this Lorentzian formalism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Antonio Morales
- Departament d'Astronomia i Astrofísica, Universitat de Valéncia, 46100 Burjassot (Valéncia), Spain.
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
|
11
|
Polarisation effects in multiple scattering photon calculations using the Boltzmann vector equation. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0969-806x(99)00287-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
12
|
|
13
|
|
14
|
Kummel AC, Sitz GO, Zare RN. Determination of orientation of the ground state using two‐photon nonresonant excitation. J Chem Phys 1988. [DOI: 10.1063/1.454416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
15
|
Kummel AC, Sitz GO, Zare RN. Determination of population and alignment of the ground state using two‐photon nonresonant excitation. J Chem Phys 1986. [DOI: 10.1063/1.451374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
16
|
Berry HG, Gabrielse G, Livingston AE. Measurement of the Stokes parameters of light. APPLIED OPTICS 1977; 16:3200-5. [PMID: 20174328 DOI: 10.1364/ao.16.003200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We describe a measuring system for determining the state of polarization of a beam of light in terms of its Stokes parameters. The technique which can be fully automated incorporates a monochromator and single photon counting detection and can thus be applied over a large wavelength range for very weak optical signals. Fourier transformation of the data by an on-line minicomputer allows immediate calculation of the Stokes parameters. We discuss special applications to light emitted from excited atomic systems with and without cylindrical symmetry.
Collapse
|
17
|
Rozenberg GV. Coherence, observability, and the photometric aspect of beam optics. APPLIED OPTICS 1973; 12:2855-2862. [PMID: 20125884 DOI: 10.1364/ao.12.002855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This paper endeavors to generalize the empirical relationships of photometry to a light field of complex structure and to describe this light field in terms of the electromagnetic theory of light.
Collapse
|
18
|
|
19
|
|
20
|
|
21
|
Alexander P, Steffen RM. Determination of the Nuclear Matrix Elements in the 2.31-MevβTransition ofSb124through Measurement of theβ−γ(Circularly Polarized) Angular Correlation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1961. [DOI: 10.1103/physrev.124.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
22
|
|
23
|
|
24
|
Steffen RM. Circular Polarization of Gamma Radiation Following Allowed Beta Transitions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1959. [DOI: 10.1103/physrev.115.980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
25
|
Brini D, Fuschini E, Murty DSR, Veronesi P. Rayleigh scattering of polarized photons. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1959. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02726522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
26
|
|
27
|
Diddens A, Huiskamp W, Severiens J, Miedema A, Steenland M. Angular distribution and linear polarization of the gamma rays from oriented 56Co nuclei. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1958. [DOI: 10.1016/0029-5582(58)90009-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
28
|
|
29
|
|
30
|
|
31
|
Huiskamp W, Diddens A, Severiens J, Miedema A, Steenland M. Anisotropy and polarization of gamma rays emitted by orientated 52Mn nuclei. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1957. [DOI: 10.1016/s0031-8914(57)93482-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
32
|
|
33
|
|
34
|
|
35
|
|
36
|
Wheatley J, Huiskamp W, Diddens A, Steenland M, Tolhoek H. Circular polarization of gamma radiation emitted by oriented 60Co nuclei. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1955. [DOI: 10.1016/s0031-8914(55)92419-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
37
|
|
38
|
Fano U. A Stokes-Parameter Technique for the Treatment of Polarization in Quantum Mechanics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1954. [DOI: 10.1103/physrev.93.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
39
|
|
40
|
Spencer LV, Wolff C. Penetration and Diffusion of Hard X-Rays: Polarization Effects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1953. [DOI: 10.1103/physrev.90.510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
41
|
Fano U. Geometrical Characterization of Nuclear States and the Theory of Angular Correlations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1953. [DOI: 10.1103/physrev.90.577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
42
|
Tolhoek H, Cox J. Angular distribution and polarization of gamma radiation emitted by oriented nuclei. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1953. [DOI: 10.1016/s0031-8914(53)80010-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
43
|
Anǵular distribution and p olarization of gamma radiation emitted by aligned radioactive nuclei. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1952. [DOI: 10.1016/s0031-8914(52)80159-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
44
|
Clay FP, Hereford FL. The Scattering of 0.5-Mev Circularly Polarized Photons in Magnetized Iron. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1952. [DOI: 10.1103/physrev.85.675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
45
|
|
46
|
Biedenharn LC, Rose ME, Arfken GB. Polarization of Gamma-Radiation Following Capture of Polarized Neutrons. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1951. [DOI: 10.1103/physrev.83.683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|