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Chen L, Khamar P, Wang Y, Fu H, Shetty R. Evaluation of Higher-Order Aberrations After the Smooth Incision Lenticular Keratomileusis (SILK TM) Procedure Using the ELITA TM Femtosecond Platform for Correction of Myopic and Astigmatic Refractive Errors. Clin Ophthalmol 2024; 18:2155-2166. [PMID: 39070107 PMCID: PMC11283805 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s466932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the changes of higher-order wavefront aberrations following the Smooth Incision Lenticular Keratomileusis (SILKTM) procedure for correction of myopic refractive errors with and without astigmatism, using the ELITATM Femtosecond Platform. Methods This prospective study included 24 eyes that underwent SILK procedure using one ELITA femtosecond laser system for the correction of myopic refractive errors with and without astigmatism. Preoperative and postoperative 1-day, 1-week, 1-month, 3-month, and 9-month eye exams were measured with a commercial wavefront aberrometer (iDESIGN ® Refractive Studio, Johnson & Johnson Surgical Vision, Inc). Wavefront aberrations up to the 6th order Zernike coefficients, including coma Z(3, -1) and Z(3, 1), spherical aberration Z(4, 1), and the wavefront error of all higher-order aberrations (HOAs RMS), were evaluated across a 6 mm pupil. Results The mean manifest refractive spherical equivalent changed from the preoperative refractions -3.82 ± 1.26 D (range -6.00 to -2.25 D) to the postoperative refractions -0.20 ± 0.15 D (range -0.50 to 0.00 D) at the 9-month follow-up. Compared to baseline preoperative HOAs, the mean postoperative HOAs were significantly increased at the 1-day follow-up. On average, at the 9-month postoperative assessment the vertical coma Z(3, -1) was -0.054 ±0.186 µm, horizontal coma Z(3, 1) was 0.016 ± 0.124 µm, spherical aberration Z(4, 0) was 0.046 ± 0.163 µm, and HOAs RMS was 0.363 ± 0.115 µm across a 6 mm pupil. There is no significant difference in the mean HOAs starting at 1-week follow-up for the horizontal coma (P = 0.346) and spherical aberration (P = 0.095). Conclusions The visual outcomes demonstrated that the SILK procedure for refractive lenticule extraction using ELITA femtosecond laser system is effective and predictable for the correction of myopic refractive errors with and without astigmatism. The ELITA femtosecond laser system induced minimal HOAs in surgical eyes following the SILK procedures. These results demonstrate fast corneal recovery starting at 1-week follow-up, and spherical aberration was not induced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Johnson & Johnson Surgical Vision, Inc., Milpitas, CA, USA
| | - Pooja Khamar
- Narayana Nethralaya Eye Hospital, Bangalore, India
| | - Ying Wang
- Johnson & Johnson Surgical Vision, Inc., Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Hong Fu
- Johnson & Johnson Surgical Vision, Inc., Milpitas, CA, USA
| | - Rohit Shetty
- Narayana Nethralaya Eye Hospital, Bangalore, India
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Hastings GD, Tiruveedhula P, Roorda A. Wide-field optical eye models for emmetropic and myopic eyes. J Vis 2024; 24:9. [PMID: 38995108 PMCID: PMC11246097 DOI: 10.1167/jov.24.7.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Ocular wavefront aberrations are used to describe retinal image formation in the study and modeling of foveal and peripheral visual functions and visual development. However, classical eye models generate aberration structures that generally do not resemble those of actual eyes, and simplifications such as rotationally symmetric and coaxial surfaces limit the usefulness of many modern eye models. Drawing on wide-field ocular wavefront aberrations measured previously by five laboratories, 28 emmetropic (-0.50 to +0.50 D) and 20 myopic (-1.50 to -4.50 D) individual optical eye models were reverse-engineered by optical design ray-tracing software. This involved an error function that manipulated 27 anatomical parameters, such as curvatures, asphericities, thicknesses, tilts, and translations-constrained within anatomical limits-to drive the output aberrations of each model to agree with the input (measured) aberrations. From those resultant anatomical parameters, three representative eye models were also defined: an ideal emmetropic eye with minimal aberrations (0.00 D), as well as a typical emmetropic eye (-0.02 D) and myopic eye (-2.75 D). The cohorts and individual models are presented and evaluated in terms of output aberrations and established population expectations, such as Seidel aberration theory and ocular chromatic aberrations. Presented applications of the models include the effect of dual focus contact lenses on peripheral optical quality, the comparison of ophthalmic correction modalities, and the projection of object space across the retina during accommodation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth D Hastings
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Pavan Tiruveedhula
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Austin Roorda
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Shen CY, Li J, Gan T, Li Y, Jarrahi M, Ozcan A. All-optical phase conjugation using diffractive wavefront processing. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4989. [PMID: 38862510 PMCID: PMC11166986 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49304-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Optical phase conjugation (OPC) is a nonlinear technique used for counteracting wavefront distortions, with applications ranging from imaging to beam focusing. Here, we present a diffractive wavefront processor to approximate all-optical phase conjugation. Leveraging deep learning, a set of diffractive layers was optimized to all-optically process an arbitrary phase-aberrated input field, producing an output field with a phase distribution that is the conjugate of the input wave. We experimentally validated this wavefront processor by 3D-fabricating diffractive layers and performing OPC on phase distortions never seen during training. Employing terahertz radiation, our diffractive processor successfully performed OPC through a shallow volume that axially spans tens of wavelengths. We also created a diffractive phase-conjugate mirror by combining deep learning-optimized diffractive layers with a standard mirror. Given its compact, passive and multi-wavelength nature, this diffractive wavefront processor can be used for various applications, e.g., turbidity suppression and aberration correction across different spectral bands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Yung Shen
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jingxi Li
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tianyi Gan
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yuhang Li
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mona Jarrahi
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aydogan Ozcan
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Applegate RA, Hastings GD, Jiménez-García M, Francis S, Koppen C, Rozema JJ. Allowable movement of wavefront-guided contact lens corrections in normal and keratoconic eyes. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2024; 44:746-756. [PMID: 38389207 DOI: 10.1111/opo.13286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The goal was to use SyntEyes modelling to estimate the allowable alignment error of wavefront-guided rigid contact lens corrections for a range of normal and keratoconic eye aberration structures to keep objectively measured visual image quality at or above average levels of well-corrected normal eyes. Secondary purposes included determining the required radial order of correction, whether increased radial order of the corrections further constrained the allowable alignment error and how alignment constraints vary with keratoconus severity. METHODS Building on previous work, 20 normal SyntEyes and 20 keratoconic SyntEyes were fitted with optimised wavefront-guided rigid contact lens corrections targeting between three and eight radial orders that drove visual image quality, as measured objectively by the visual Strehl ratio, to near 1 (best possible) over a 5-mm pupil for the aligned position. The resulting wavefront-guided contact lens was then allowed to translate up to ±1 mm in the x- and y-directions and rotate up ±15°. RESULTS Allowable alignment error changed as a function of the magnitude of aberration structure to be corrected, which depends on keratoconus severity. This alignment error varied only slightly with the radial order of correction above the fourth radial order. To return the keratoconic SyntEyes to average levels of visual image quality depended on maximum anterior corneal curvature (Kmax). Acceptable tolerances for misalignment that returned keratoconic visual image quality to average normal levels varied between 0.29 and 0.63 mm for translation and approximately ±6.5° for rotation, depending on the magnitude of the aberration structure being corrected. CONCLUSIONS Allowable alignment errors vary as a function of the aberration structure being corrected, the desired goal for visual image quality and as a function of keratoconus severity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marta Jiménez-García
- Visual Optics Lab Antwerp (VOLANTIS), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Antwerp University, Wilrijk, Belgium
- Department of Ophthalmology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Sharon Francis
- Visual Optics Lab Antwerp (VOLANTIS), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Antwerp University, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Carina Koppen
- Visual Optics Lab Antwerp (VOLANTIS), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Antwerp University, Wilrijk, Belgium
- Department of Ophthalmology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Jos J Rozema
- Visual Optics Lab Antwerp (VOLANTIS), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Antwerp University, Wilrijk, Belgium
- Department of Ophthalmology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
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Kanclerz P, Bazylczyk N, Przewłócka K, Khoramnia R, Atchison DA, Tuuminen R. Risk Factors for Corneal Monochromatic Aberrations and Implications for Multifocal and Extended Depth-of-Focus Intraocular Lens Implantation. J Refract Surg 2024; 40:e420-e434. [PMID: 38848055 DOI: 10.3928/1081597x-20240416-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To discuss factors influencing corneal aberrations that might influence the optical quality after intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. METHODS PubMed and Scopus were the main resources used to search the medical literature. An extensive search was performed to identify relevant articles concerning factors influencing the level of corneal aberrations as of August 27, 2023. The following keywords were used in various combinations: corneal, aberrations, defocus, astigmatism, spherical aberration, coma, trefoil, quadrafoil, intraocular lens, and IOL. RESULTS Conclusive evidence is lacking regarding the correlation between age and changes in corneal aberrations. Patients with astigmatism have greater corneal higher-order aberrations than those with minimal astigmatism, particularly concerning trefoil and coma. Increased levels of corneal higher-order aberrations are noted following contact lens wear, in patients with dry eye disease, and with pterygium. Increased higher-order aberrations have been reported following corneal refractive surgery and for 3 months following trabeculectomy; regarding intraocular lens surgery, the results remain controversial. CONCLUSIONS Several factors influence the level of corneal higher-order aberrations. Multifocal and extended depth-of-focus IOLs can share similarities in their optical properties, and the main difference arises in their design and performance with respect to spherical aberration. Preoperative evaluation is critical for proper IOL choice, particularly in corneas with risk of high levels of aberrations. [J Refract Surg. 2024;40(6):e420-e434.].
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Hu Y, Yin H, Li M, Bai T, He L, Hu Z, Xia Y, Wang Z. Design and Simulation of a 19-Electrode MEMS Piezoelectric Thin-Film Micro-Deformable Mirror for Ophthalmology. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:539. [PMID: 38675350 PMCID: PMC11052033 DOI: 10.3390/mi15040539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
This study presents a numerical simulation-based investigation of a MEMS (micro-electromechanical systems)technology-based deformable mirror employing a piezoelectric film for fundus examination in adaptive optics. Compared to the classical equal-area electrode arrangement model, we optimize the electrode array for higher-order aberrations. The optimized model centralizes electrodes around the mirror center, which realizes low-voltage driving with high-accuracy correction. The optimized models exhibited commendable correction abilities, achieving a unidirectional displacement of 5.74 μm with a driven voltage of 15 V. The voltage-displacement relationship demonstrated high linearity at 0.99. Furthermore, the deformable mirror's influence matrix was computed, aligning with the Zernike standard surface shape of the order 1-3. To quantify aberration correction capabilities, fitting residuals for both models were calculated. The results indicate an average removal of 96.8% of aberrations to the human eye. This underscores that the optimized model outperforms the classical model in correcting high-order aberrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisen Hu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (Y.H.); (M.L.); (T.B.); (L.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China;
| | - Hongbo Yin
- Med+X Center for Manufacturing, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Maoying Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (Y.H.); (M.L.); (T.B.); (L.H.)
| | - Tianyu Bai
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (Y.H.); (M.L.); (T.B.); (L.H.)
- Med+X Center for Manufacturing, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Liang He
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (Y.H.); (M.L.); (T.B.); (L.H.)
- Med+X Center for Manufacturing, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Zhimin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China;
| | - Yuanlin Xia
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (Y.H.); (M.L.); (T.B.); (L.H.)
- Med+X Center for Manufacturing, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Zhuqing Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (Y.H.); (M.L.); (T.B.); (L.H.)
- Med+X Center for Manufacturing, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
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Bang SP, Sabesan R, Yoon G. Effects of Neural Adaptation to Habitual Spherical Aberration on Depth of Focus. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3917931. [PMID: 38410431 PMCID: PMC10896392 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3917931/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
We investigated how long-term visual experience with habitual spherical aberration (SA) influences subjective depth of focus (DoF). Nine healthy cycloplegic eyes with habitual SAs of different signs and magnitudes were enrolled. An adaptive optics (AO) visual simulator was used to measure through-focus high-contrast visual acuity after correcting all monochromatic aberrations and imposing +0.5 μm and -0.5 μm SAs for a 6-mm pupil. The positive (n=6) and negative (n=3) SA groups ranged from 0.17 to 0.8 μm and from -1.2 to -0.12 μm for a 6-mm pupil, respectively. For the positive habitual SA group, the median DoF with positive AO-induced SA (2.18D) was larger than that with negative AO-induced SA (1.91D); for the negative habitual SA group, a smaller DoF was measured with positive AO-induced SA (1.81D) than that with negative AO-induced SA (2.09D). The difference in the DoF of individual participants between the induced positive and negative SA groups showed a quadratic relationship with the habitual SA. Subjective DoF tended to be larger when the induced SA in terms of the sign and magnitude was closer to the participant's habitual SA, suggesting the importance of considering the habitual SA when applying the extended DoF method using optical or surgical procedures.
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Manzanera S, Artal P. Stability of the retinal image under normal viewing conditions and the implications for neural adaptation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2280. [PMID: 38280921 PMCID: PMC10821888 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52612-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that the visual system adapts to the specific aberration pattern of an individual's eye. Alterations to this pattern can lead to reduced visual performance, even when the Root Mean Square (RMS) of the wavefront error remains constant. However, it is well-established that ocular aberrations are dynamic and can change with factors such as pupil size and accommodation. This raises an intriguing question: can the neural system adapt to continuously changing aberration patterns? To address this question, we measured the ocular aberrations in four subjects under various natural viewing conditions, which included changes in accommodative state and pupil size. We subsequently computed the associated Point Spread Functions (PSFs). For each subject, we examined the stability in the orientation of the PSFs and analyzed the cross-correlation between different PSFs. These findings were then compared to the characteristics of a distribution featuring PSF shapes akin to random variations. Our results indicate that the changes observed in the PSFs are not substantial enough to produce a PSF shape distribution resembling random variations. This lends support to the notion that neural adaptation is indeed a viable mechanism even in response to continuously changing aberration patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvestre Manzanera
- Laboratorio de Óptica, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo (Edificio 34), 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pablo Artal
- Laboratorio de Óptica, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo (Edificio 34), 30100, Murcia, Spain.
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Shen J, Ma D, Cai L, Zhang L, Guo H, Yang J. Comparison of visual outcomes in adult patients with different types of developmental cataracts after toric multifocal intraocular lenses implantation. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2023; 261:3521-3530. [PMID: 37382611 PMCID: PMC10667390 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-023-06148-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze and compare the visual performance and patient satisfaction following the implantation of toric multifocal intraocular lenses (TMIOLs) in adult patients with different types of developmental cataracts (DC) accompanied by corneal astigmatism (CA). METHODS This is a prospective observational cohort study. Patients diagnosed with DC aged 18-30 years were divided into three groups according to the anatomic location of the lens opacity: cortical, nuclear, and posterior subcapsular (PSC) groups, and implanted with TMIOLs. Visual acuity (VA), postoperative refractive astigmatism (RA), intraocular lens (IOL) rotation, high-order aberrations (HOAs), modulation transfer function (MTF) curve, and Strehl ratio were compared. The functional vision and incidence of photic phenomena were surveyed using questionnaires. RESULTS Fifty-five eyes of 37 patients were enrolled and completed a 1-year follow-up. The mean CA was 2.06 ± 0.79 D preoperatively, and the mean RA was 0.29 ± 0.30 D 3-month postoperatively. The IOL rotation was 2.48° ± 1.89°, with no deviation > 10°. At 12 months, mean uncorrected distance VA improved from 0.93 ± 0.41 preoperatively to 0.08 ± 0.08 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR), mean uncorrected near VA increased from 0.45 ± 0.30 preoperatively to 0.12 ± 0.11 logMAR, and mean uncorrected intermediate VA was 0.14 ± 0.08 logMAR. The cortical and nuclear groups displayed better improvements in uncorrected near and intermediate VA than that in the PSC group. Similar results were observed in the 3-month defocus curves, HOAs, MTF curve, halo incidence, and near vision satisfaction. CONCLUSION In adult patients with DC accompanied by CA, TMIOLs implantation achieved good postoperative visual outcomes and significantly reduced glasses dependency. Patients with cortical or nuclear lens opacity showed better whole-course VA and quality of vision, while patients with PSC opacity showed unsatisfactory near vision and suffered more photic phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiying Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Heping Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongmei Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology and the Eye Institute, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
- Key National Health Committee of the Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology and the Eye Institute, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
- Key National Health Committee of the Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Limei Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Heping Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Haike Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Heping Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology and the Eye Institute, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China.
- Key National Health Committee of the Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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Zhang Y, Zhang XJ, Yuan N, Wang YM, Ip P, Chen LJ, Tham CC, Pang CP, Yam JC. Secondhand smoke exposure and ocular health: A systematic review. Surv Ophthalmol 2023; 68:1166-1207. [PMID: 37479063 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
The toxicology of secondhand smoke (SHS), along with the harm of its exposure to human health, has been generally acknowledged; however, specific evidence is lacking on the association between SHS exposure and ocular health. In this systematic review (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022247992), we included 55 original articles published by 12 May 2023, which dealt with SHS exposure and ocular disorders, such as eye irritation, conjunctivitis, dry eye diseases, uveitis, myopia, astigmatism, contact lens discomfort, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, and thyroid eye disease that addressed the ocular neurovascular structures of the macular, retinal nerve fiber layer, choroid, and corneal biomechanical parameters. We found compelling correlational evidence for eye irritation, conjunctivitis, and dry eye symptoms-supporting that SHS exposure was positively associated with inflammatory and allergic changes in the eyes. Yet, evidence about the associations between SHS exposure and other ocular disorders, structures, and parameters is still limited or controversial. Given the limitations of existing literature, more investigations with high quality and rigorous design are warranted to elucidate the potentially harmful effects of SHS exposure on ocular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjuan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiu Juan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Joint Shantou International Eye Center, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Nan Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Kunming Bright Eye Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Yu Meng Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick Ip
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Li Jia Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Joint Shantou International Eye Center, Shantou University, Shantou, China; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China; Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Clement C Tham
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Joint Shantou International Eye Center, Shantou University, Shantou, China; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China; Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China; Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chi Pui Pang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Joint Shantou International Eye Center, Shantou University, Shantou, China; Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jason C Yam
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Joint Shantou International Eye Center, Shantou University, Shantou, China; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China; Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China; Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Pusti D, Degre Kendrick C, Wu Y, Ji Q, Jung HW, Yoon G. Widefield wavefront sensor for multidirectional peripheral retinal scanning. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:4190-4204. [PMID: 37799675 PMCID: PMC10549753 DOI: 10.1364/boe.491412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
The quantitative evaluation of peripheral ocular optics is essential in both myopia research and the investigation of visual performance in people with normal and compromised central vision. We have developed a widefield scanning wavefront sensor (WSWS) capable of multidirectional scanning while maintaining natural central fixation at the primary gaze. This Shack-Hartmann-based WSWS scans along any retinal meridian by using a unique scanning method that involves the concurrent operation of a motorized rotary stage (horizontal scan) and a goniometer (vertical scan). To showcase the capability of the WSWS, we tested scanning along four meridians including a 60° horizontal, 36° vertical, and two 36° diagonal scans, each completed within a time frame of 5 seconds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dibyendu Pusti
- College of Optometry,
University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
- Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
| | - Chloe Degre Kendrick
- College of Optometry,
University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
- Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
| | - Yifei Wu
- Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
| | - Qiuzhi Ji
- Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
- School of Optometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Hae Won Jung
- College of Optometry,
University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
- Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Geunyoung Yoon
- College of Optometry,
University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
- Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
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12
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Zhou S, Chen X, Ortega-Usobiaga J, Zheng H, Luo W, Tu B, Wang Y. Characteristics and influencing factors of corneal higher-order aberrations in patients with cataract. BMC Ophthalmol 2023; 23:313. [PMID: 37438729 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-023-03067-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To observe the distribution characteristics of corneal higher-order aberrations (HOAs) in cataract patients, and analyze the relationship of HOAs with patients' age and ocular biometric parameters. METHODS This retrospective study reviews the patients with cataract in Wuhan Aier Eye Department from January to August 2022. Root mean square (RMS) of the total HOA (tHOA), spherical aberration (SA), coma and trefoil aberration of the anterior cornea at central 4 and 6 mm optic zone were measured by the Wavefront Aberrometer (OPD-Scan III; Nidek Inc, Tokyo, Japan). The biometric parameters including axial length (AL), keratometry (K), central corneal thickness (CCT) and lens thickness (LT) were measured by swept-source coherence laser interferometry (OA-2000; TOMEY Corp, Aichi, Japan). Subgroup analyses and multiple linear regression analyses were used to determine whether HOAs were associated with age and ocular biometric parameters. RESULTS A total of 976 patients (976 eyes) were included, averagely aged 65 years. At central 4 and 6 mm optic zone, the mean RMS of tHOA were respectively 0.20 and 0.65 μm, the SA were 0.06 and 0.30 μm, the coma aberration were 0.11 and 0.35 μm, and the trefoil aberration were 0.12 and 0.30 μm. The tHOA decreased with age until 60 years and then started to increase afterwards. The tHOA, coma and trefoil aberration increased with corneal astigmatism. The tHOA, SA, and coma aberration differ among different AL groups, and emmetropes had the smallest tHOA, SA, and coma aberration. CONCLUSIONS With increasing age, the value of tHOA decrease first and started increasing at 60 years. The trends of corneal HOAs are consistent with corneal low-order aberrations. The values of tHOA, SA and coma aberration were the smallest in emmetropic eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suowang Zhou
- Aier Eye Hospital of Wuhan University (Wuhan Aier Eye Hospital), Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xu Chen
- New Bund Medical and Surgical Center, Sino United Health Clinics, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Aier Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Julio Ortega-Usobiaga
- Department of Cataract and Refractive Surgery, Clinica Baviera-AIER Eye Hospital Group, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Hansong Zheng
- Aier Eye Hospital of Wuhan University (Wuhan Aier Eye Hospital), Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wenjing Luo
- Aier Eye Hospital of Wuhan University (Wuhan Aier Eye Hospital), Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Biyue Tu
- Aier Eye Hospital of Wuhan University (Wuhan Aier Eye Hospital), Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Aier Eye Hospital of Wuhan University (Wuhan Aier Eye Hospital), Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
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13
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Nepita I, Raimondi R, Piazza S, Diaspro A, Vidal-Aroca F, Surdo S, Romano MR. Optical-Quality Assessment of a Miniaturized Intraocular Telescope. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12103375. [PMID: 37240481 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12103375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) causes severe vision impairments, including blindness. An option to improve vision in AMD patients is through intraocular lenses and optics. Among others, implantable miniaturized telescopes, which direct light to healthy lateral regions of the retina, can be highly effective in improving vision in AMD patients. Yet, the quality of the restored vision might be sensitive to the optical transmission and aberrations of the telescope. To shed light on these points, we studied the in vitro optical performance of an implantable miniaturized telescope, namely, the SING IMT™ (Samsara Vision Ltd., Far Hills, NJ, USA) designed to improve vision in patients affected by late-stage AMD. Specifically, we measured the optical transmission in the spectral range 350-750 nm of the implantable telescope with a fiber-optic spectrometer. Wavefront aberrations were studied by measuring the wavefront of a laser beam after passing through the telescope and expanding the measured wavefront into a Zernike polynomial basis. Wavefront concavity indicated that the SING IMT™ behaves as a diverging lens with a focal length of -111 mm. The device exhibited even optical transmission in the whole visible spectrum and effective curvature suitable for retinal images magnification with negligible geometrical aberrations. Optical spectrometry and in vitro wavefront analysis provide evidence supporting the feasibility of miniaturized telescopes as high-quality optical elements and a favorable option for AMD visual impairment treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Nepita
- Nanoscopy, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via E. Melen 83, 16152 Genova, Italy
- Genoa Instruments s.r.l., Via E. Melen 83, 16152 Genoa, Italy
| | - Raffaele Raimondi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20090 Milano, Italy
| | - Simonluca Piazza
- Nanoscopy, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via E. Melen 83, 16152 Genova, Italy
- Genoa Instruments s.r.l., Via E. Melen 83, 16152 Genoa, Italy
| | - Alberto Diaspro
- Nanoscopy, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via E. Melen 83, 16152 Genova, Italy
- DIFILAB, Department of Physics, University of Genoa, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Salvatore Surdo
- Genoa Instruments s.r.l., Via E. Melen 83, 16152 Genoa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università di Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Mario R Romano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20090 Milano, Italy
- Eye Center, Humanitas Gavazzeni-Castelli, 24128 Bergamo, Italy
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14
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Zohrabi M, Lim WY, Gilinsky S, Bright VM, Gopinath JT. Adaptive aberration correction using an electrowetting array. APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 2023; 122:081102. [PMID: 36846091 PMCID: PMC9946697 DOI: 10.1063/5.0133473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a method that permits wavefront aberration correction using an array of electrowetting prisms. A fixed high fill factor microlens array followed by a lower fill factor adaptive electrowetting prism array is used to correct wavefront aberration. The design and simulation of such aberration correction mechanism is described. Our results show significant improvement to the Strehl ratio by using our aberration correction scheme which results in diffraction limited performance. Compactness and effectiveness of our design can be implemented in many applications that require aberration correction, such as microscopy and consumer electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Zohrabi
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
| | - Wei Yang Lim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Samuel Gilinsky
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Victor M. Bright
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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15
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Correlations of Corneal Curvature with Corneal Spherical Aberration and Anterior Chamber Parameters in Eyes with Shallow Anterior Chambers. Ophthalmol Ther 2023; 12:239-249. [PMID: 36335287 PMCID: PMC9834480 DOI: 10.1007/s40123-022-00608-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to investigate the distribution of corneal spherical aberration (CSA) and the relationship between corneal curvature with CSA and anterior chamber parameters in age-related cataract patients with normal axial lengths and shallow anterior chambers. METHODS Preoperative data of age-related cataract patients were collected in this retrospective comparative study. According to the average corneal curvature, the eyes were divided into groups of Km < 42 diopters (D), 42 D ≤ Km < 45 D, and Km ≥ 45 D. The axial length (AL) and corneal curvature were obtained using IOLMaster. CSA, anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber volume (ACV), anterior chamber angle (ACA), and corneal diameter (CD) were acquired according to Pentacam. The above parameters were compared among the three groups. Correlation analysis was applied to these parameters. RESULTS The average CSA value of 753 eyes was 0.41 ± 0.27 μm, with no significant difference among the three groups. Overall, CSA was significantly correlated with corneal curvature and ACD. The comparison of ACD among the three groups showed significant differences between the Km ≥ 45 D group, Km < 42 D group, and 42 D ≤ Km < 45 D group. Corneal curvature was positively correlated with ACD, and further analysis confirmed that the relationship was significant only in the Km ≥ 45 D group. There were statistically significant differences in CD between the three groups. A significant correlation was found in corneal curvature and CD in all eyes, which was also found in the 42 D ≤ Km < 45 D group and the Km ≥ 45 D group. Concerning ACV and ACA, no correlation with corneal curvature was found. In addition, the mean ACV and ACA of the three groups did not show any significant difference. CONCLUSIONS CSA was higher in this population and had individual variance. Compared with ACD, ACV and ACA were more stable in different corneal curvatures and more objective in representing the anterior chamber space.
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Roorda A, Tiruveedhula P, Naseri A, Rhee P, Clarke M. FIAT: A Device for Objective, Optical Measures of Accommodation in Phakic and Pseudophakic Eyes. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2023; 12:9. [PMID: 36607622 PMCID: PMC9836010 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.12.1.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To present FIAT, a novel optical instrument and analysis package that is designed to elicit and optically record accommodation in human eyes. Methods FIAT employs a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor and a retro-illumination pupil camera that records from a single eye at video rates. It is effective at eliciting accommodation by offering the subject a full-field binocular view of an alternating distant target and a near-eye display. FIAT analysis software computes wave aberrations for each video frame over full- or subpupil sizes and computes accommodative dynamics and accommodative range. Results The system is validated by showing accurate refraction measurements in model eyes and human eyes with trial lenses. Robust accommodative responses are shown for young eyes, and a lack of accommodative response is shown for a known presbyopes. Accommodative stimulus-response curves from five phakic subjects over a range of ages show expected results. Results from two individuals with monofocal intraocular lenses are shown. Conclusions FIAT is an effective instrument for making accurate, objective measures of accommodation in phakic and pseudophakic eyes. Translational Relevance We present a device that can play an important role in the development and testing of accommodating intraocular lenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Roorda
- University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Ayman Naseri
- ForSight VISION6, Inc. South San Francisco, CA, USA,University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Paul Rhee
- ForSight VISION6, Inc. South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Matt Clarke
- ForSight VISION6, Inc. South San Francisco, CA, USA
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17
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Fieß A, Urschitz MS, Nagler M, Nickels S, Marx-Groß S, Münzel T, Wild PS, Beutel ME, Lackner KJ, Pfeiffer N, Schuster AK. Association of birth weight with corneal aberrations in adulthood - Results from a population-based study. JOURNAL OF OPTOMETRY 2023; 16:42-52. [PMID: 35764478 PMCID: PMC9811361 DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Low birth weight (BW) is associated with increased corneal aberrations in childhood and alterations of corneal geometry in adulthood. Increased corneal aberrations may be a factor contributing to decreased visual function in former low BW newborns in later life. Hence, the aim of this study was to analyze the long-term effect of low BW on corneal aberrations in adulthood. METHODS In the German population-based Gutenberg Health Study (GHS) participants (age: 40-80 years) were examined with Scheimpflug imaging (Pentacam HR, Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany). The relationship between self-reported BW and the different types of corneal aberrations was analyzed using linear regression analysis as uni- and multivariable analysis with adjustment for potential confounders. The main outcome measures were corneal aberrations defined as astigmatism (Z2-2; Z22), coma (Z3-1; Z31), trefoil (Z3-3; Z33), spherical aberration (Z40) and root-mean square of higher order aberrations (HOA; 3rd up to 8th order; aperture size: 6 mm). RESULTS Overall, 5,628 participants were included in this analysis (3,004 women, aged 56.0 +/- 10.3 years). In a multivariable analysis lower BW was associated with decreased horizontal trefoil (B = 0.004 [0.001; 0.006] µm/500 g; p=.008); higher spherical aberrations (B=-0.006 [-0.008;-0.003] µm/500 g; p<.001), higher RMS (B=-0.028 [-0.042;-0.014] µm/500 g; p<.001), increased HOA (B=-0.007 [-0.010;-0.003] µm/500 g; p<.001) and increased LOA (B=-0.027 [-0.041;-0.013] µm/500 g; p<.001). No association was observed between birth weight and the other types of corneal aberrations in multivariable model. CONCLUSION Our results indicate an association between BW and spherical aberration in adults aged 40 to 80 years. This indicates that low BW may have an association with an altered corneal shape development which may affect optical image quality and, hence, visual function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achim Fieß
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Michael S Urschitz
- Division of Pediatric Epidemiology, Institute for Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus Nagler
- Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine / Center for Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan Nickels
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Susanne Marx-Groß
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Center for Cardiology - Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Philipp S Wild
- Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine / Center for Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Manfred E Beutel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Karl J Lackner
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alexander K Schuster
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Recep ÖF, Kocabas DO, Kiziltoprak H, Ozulken K. Effects on Wavefront Aberration after Short-term Wear of Senofilcon A Photochromic Contact Lens. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2022. [PMID: 36347502 DOI: 10.1055/a-1973-8904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess the variability in wavefront aberrations with short-term wear of photochromic senofilcon A contact lenses in both its activated and inactive states. METHODS AND MATERIAL In this cross-sectional study, 20 participants who had previously used soft contact lenses were enrolled. Corneal aberrometry measurements were performed on each subject, without contact lenses, using Sirius Scheimpflug-Placido topography. The photochromic lenses were illuminated using a blue-violet light (λ max = 420 nm) so as to provoke an activated state, and measurements were taken with the lenses inserted, in both states. The root mean square (RMS) of the aberrations was calculated, and the higher- and lower-order aberrations, astigmatism, coma, spherical aberration, and trefoil measurements were evaluated using a 5.0-mm pupil diameter. RESULTS The average contact lens sphere power was - 2.33 ± 1.07 D. The mean refractive errors with contact lens wear were 0.07 ± 0.18 D for the sphere and - 0.26 ± 0.15 D for the cylinder. The mean RMS values for all the corneal aberrations showed no statistically significant differences with and without contact lenses (p > 0.05). In a bivariate correlation analysis, there was a positive correlation between contact lens sphere power and coma (vertical and horizontal) in the activated state (r = 0.455, p = 0.44 and r = 0.495, p = 0.27, respectively). CONCLUSION The photochromic contact lenses did not influence ocular aberration during short-term wear, even when the photochromatic additive was activated. This property may help to provide more comfortable vision with lens wear. This finding needs to be verified by further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hasan Kiziltoprak
- Ophthalmology, Adıyaman University Training and Research Hospital, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - Kemal Ozulken
- Ophthalmology, TOBB Economics and Technology University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Corneal Aberrations and Thickness in Adults Born Small, Appropriate, or Large for Gestational Age at Term. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11236903. [PMID: 36498478 PMCID: PMC9740638 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11236903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims: This study investigated whether there are changes in corneal surface regularity and corneal thickness in adults born small, appropriate, or large for gestational age at term. Methods: This retrospective cohort study involved prospective Scheimpflug imaging of the cornea (Pentacam®) to compare the corneal thickness and aberrations between adults classified as small for gestational age (SGA), normal birth weight (BW), and large for gestational age (LGA). Multivariable linear regression was applied to analyze associations with gestational age, BW percentile, placental insufficiency, preeclampsia, and breastfeeding. Results: In total, 448 eyes of 261 individuals born full term (aged 29.9 ± 9.5 years, 140 females) were examined, including 29 severe SGA (BW < 3rd percentile), 32 moderate SGA (BW between 3rd and <10th percentile), 132 normal BW (BW between 10th and 90th percentile), 35 moderate LGA (BW between >90th and 97th percentile), and 33 severe LGA (BW > 97th percentile). There were no differences between groups in the corneal aberrations of the total cornea as well as of the corneal front surface, except for higher-order aberrations in the front of the cornea (p = 0.032). There was an association between the increased total root mean square of higher-order aberrations and lower birth weight percentile (p = 0.004), with increased higher-order aberrations correlating with lower visual acuity and spherical equivalent. Conclusion: Restricted prenatal growth is associated with increased higher-order aberrations in adulthood.
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Fieß A, Berger LA, Riedl JC, Mildenberger E, Urschitz MS, Hampel U, Wasielica-Poslednik J, Zepp F, Stoffelns B, Pfeiffer N, Schuster AK. The role of preterm birth, retinopathy of prematurity and perinatal factors on corneal aberrations in adulthood: Results from the Gutenberg prematurity eye study. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2022; 42:1379-1389. [PMID: 36006775 DOI: 10.1111/opo.13038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prematurity and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) are associated with altered corneal shape and reduced visual acuity in childhood, but their long-term effects on corneal shape in later life are still unclear. This study evaluated whether prematurity and related perinatal factors are associated with corneal aberrations in adulthood. METHODS The Gutenberg Prematurity Eye Study (GPES) is a cohort study using Scheimpflug imaging of the cornea. Associations were assessed between corneal Zernike aberrations and gestational age (GA), birth weight (BW), BW percentile, ROP occurrence, ROP treatment and other perinatal factors using univariate and multivariable linear regression analyses. RESULTS This study involved 444 eyes of 256 individuals born preterm (aged 28.1 ± 8.4 years, 146 females) and 231 eyes of 132 individuals born full-term (aged 29.8 ± 8.9 years, 77 females). Multivariable analyses revealed an association between corneal higher-order aberrations and lower birth weight percentile (B = -0.001, p < 0.001) as well as ROP treatment (B = 0.120, p = 0.03). Corneal lower-order aberrations were also associated with lower birth weight percentile (B = -0.004; p = 0.001) and ROP treatment (B = 0.838, p = 0.01) but not with ROP occurrence. Increased corneal aberrations were correlated with lower visual acuity and the spherical equivalent refractive error. CONCLUSIONS Perinatal factors, particularly low birth weight percentile and ROP treatment lead to a more irregular corneal shape in adulthood, thereby reducing optical image quality and potentially contributing to reduced visual acuity and altered refractive error.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achim Fieß
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Lina Amalia Berger
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jana C Riedl
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Eva Mildenberger
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael S Urschitz
- Division of Pediatric Epidemiology, Institute for Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ulrike Hampel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Joanna Wasielica-Poslednik
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Fred Zepp
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Bernhard Stoffelns
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alexander K Schuster
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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The role of retinotopic cues in deciphering the direction and magnitude of monocular dynamic ocular accommodation: A review. Vision Res 2022; 196:108026. [DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2022.108026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Abstract
The eye, the photoreceptive organ used to perceive the external environment, is of great importance to humans. It has been proven that some diseases in humans are accompanied by fundus changes; therefore, the health status of people may be interpreted from retinal images. However, the human eye is not a perfect refractive system for the existence of ocular aberrations. These aberrations not only affect the ability of human visual discrimination and recognition, but restrict the observation of the fine structures of human eye and reduce the possibility of exploring the mechanisms of eye disease. Adaptive optics (AO) is a technique that corrects optical wavefront aberrations. Once integrated into ophthalmoscopes, AO enables retinal imaging at the cellular level. This paper illustrates the principle of AO in correcting wavefront aberrations in human eyes, and then reviews the applications and advances of AO in ophthalmology, including the adaptive optics fundus camera (AO-FC), the adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope (AO-SLO), the adaptive optics optical coherence tomography (AO-OCT), and their combined multimodal imaging technologies. The future development trend of AO in ophthalmology is also prospected.
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Amplitude Zone Plate in Adaptive Optics: Proposal of the Principle. PHOTONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics9030163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
One of the main elements in hardware-based adaptive optics systems is a deformable mirror. There is quite a large number of such mirrors based on different principles and exhibiting varying performance. They constitute a significant portion of the cost of the final optical devices. In this study, we consider the possibility of replacing an adaptive mirror with the adaptive amplitude Fresnel zone plate, implemented using a digital light-processing matrix. Since such matrices are widely used in mass industry products (light projectors), their costs in large batches are 1–2 orders of magnitude lower than the cost of inexpensive deformable mirrors. Numerical modeling for scanning an optical coherence tomography system with adaptive optics is presented. It is shown that wavefront distortions with high spatial frequencies and large amplitudes can be corrected using an amplitude Fresnel zone plate. The results are compared with piezoelectric and microelectromechanical system mirrors.
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Bamdad S, Momeni-Moghaddam H, Abdolahian M, Piñero DP. Agreement of wavefront-based refraction, dry and cycloplegic autorefraction with subjective refraction. JOURNAL OF OPTOMETRY 2022; 15:100-106. [PMID: 32896507 PMCID: PMC8712579 DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2020.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the agreement of dry, and cycloplegic autorefraction and wavefront-based refraction with subjective refraction. METHOD 83 subjects aged 19-57 years were included in this cross-sectional study. Refractive status was determined using four methods including subjective refraction, wavefront-based refraction, dry and cycloplegic autorefraction. Refractive data were recorded as sphere, cylinder and spherical equivalent (SE). Power vector components were used to compare the astigmatism obtained using the different methods of refraction. RESULTS The more negative spherical, cylindrical and SE components were obtained using dry autorefraction, wavefront-based refraction and dry autorefraction, respectively. The less negative spherical, cylindrical and SE components were obtained using cycloplegic autorefraction, subjective refraction and cycloplegic autorefraction, respectively. Considering the spherical component, there was a statistically significant hyperopic shift (0.12 ± 0.29 D, p = 0.001) with cycloplegic autorefraction and a significant myopic shift (-0.17 ± 0.32 D, p < 0.001) with dry autorefraction compared to subjective refraction, while the difference between wavefront-based and subjective refraction was not significant statistically (p = 0.145). The calculated cylindrical component using subjective refraction showed statistically significant difference with dry auto-refraction (p < 0.001), cycloplegic auto-refraction (p = 0.041) and wavefront refraction (p < 0.001). The highest correlation with subjective refraction in sphere, cylinder and SE was observed for cycloplegic auto-refraction (rs = 0.967), dry auto-refraction (rs = 0.983) and cycloplegic auto-refraction (rs = 0.982), respectively. CONCLUSIONS As subjective refraction is gold standard in our study, sphere in cycloplegic auto-refraction and astigmatism in dry auto-refraction showed better agreement and correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahram Bamdad
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Shiraz University Of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamed Momeni-Moghaddam
- Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran; Department of Optometry, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Milad Abdolahian
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Shiraz University Of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - David P Piñero
- Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
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Numerical Study of Customized Artificial Cornea Shape by Hydrogel Biomaterials on Imaging and Wavefront Aberration. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13244372. [PMID: 34960923 PMCID: PMC8708545 DOI: 10.3390/polym13244372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The blindness caused by cornea diseases has exacerbated many patients all over the world. The disadvantages of using donor corneas may cause challenges to recovering eye sight. Developing artificial corneas with biocompatibility may provide another option to recover blindness. The techniques of making individual artificial corneas that fit the biometric parameters for each person can be used to help these patients effectively. In this study, artificial corneas with different shapes (spherical, aspherical, and biconic shapes) are designed and they could be made by two different hydrogel polymers that form an interpenetrating polymer network for their excellent mechanical strength. Two designed cases for the artificial corneas are considered in the simulations: to optimize the artificial cornea for patients who still wear glasses and to assume that the patient does not wear glasses after transplanting with the optimized artificial cornea. The results show that the artificial corneas can efficiently decrease the imaging blur. Increasing asphericity of the current designed artificial corneas can be helpful for the imaging corrections. The differences in the optical performance of the optimized artificial corneas by using different materials are small. It is found that the optimized artificial cornea can reduce the high order aberrations for the second case.
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26
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Bonaque-González S, Trujillo-Sevilla JM, Velasco-Ocaña M, Casanova-González Ó, Sicilia-Cabrera M, Roqué-Velasco A, Ceruso S, Oliva-García R, Martín-Hernández J, Gomez-Cardenes O, Marichal-Hernández JG, Gatinel D, Holladay JT, Rodríguez-Ramos JM. The optics of the human eye at 8.6 µm resolution. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23334. [PMID: 34857820 PMCID: PMC8640020 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02653-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocular optics is normally estimated based on up to 2,600 measurement points within the pupil of the eye, which implies a lateral resolution of approximately 175 µm for a 9 mm pupil diameter. This is because information below this resolution is not thought to be relevant or even possible to obtain with current measurement systems. In this work, we characterize the in vivo ocular optics of the human eye with a lateral resolution of 8.6 µm, which implies roughly 1 million measurement points for a pupil diameter of 9 mm. The results suggest that the normal human eye presents a series of hitherto unknown optical patterns with amplitudes between 200 and 300 nm and is made up of a series of in-phase peaks and valleys. If the results are analysed at only high lateral frequencies, the human eye is also found to contain a whole range of new information. This discovery could have a great impact on the way we understand some fundamental mechanisms of human vision and could be of outstanding utility in certain fields of ophthalmology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Miriam Velasco-Ocaña
- Wooptix S.L. Avda, Trinidad 61 Planta 7, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | | | | | - Alex Roqué-Velasco
- Wooptix S.L. Avda, Trinidad 61 Planta 7, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Sabato Ceruso
- Wooptix S.L. Avda, Trinidad 61 Planta 7, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Ricardo Oliva-García
- Wooptix S.L. Avda, Trinidad 61 Planta 7, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | | | - Oscar Gomez-Cardenes
- Wooptix S.L. Avda, Trinidad 61 Planta 7, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | | | - Damien Gatinel
- Rothschild Foundation Hospital, 29 Rue Manin, Paris, France
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Neroev VV, Tarutta EP, Khanjian AT, Harutyunyan SG, Markosian GA, Khodzhabekyan NV. [Optical aberrations of the eyes with various degrees of myopia]. Vestn Oftalmol 2021; 137:14-21. [PMID: 34726853 DOI: 10.17116/oftalma202113705114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose - to comparatively analyze the wavefront aberrations and biometric parameters of the eyes with various degrees of myopia. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 134 eyes of 67 patients with mild, moderate and high myopia aged 7-28 (mean age 19.3±1.5 years). The following biometric parameters were examined: anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT), axial length (AL), as well as corneal and total aberrations. The parameters were studied on the Galilei G6 system (Ziemer Ophthalmic Systems AG, Switzerland) and the OPD-Scan III aberrometer (Nidek, Japan). Spherical aberration (SA) was estimated as the sum of Z4+Z8+Z12. RESULTS As the refraction increased, the root mean square higher-order aberrations (RMS HOA) also increased significantly: from 0.24±0.02 μm in mild myopia to 0.45±0.03 μm in high myopia, and in eyes with AL of ≥27.0 mm - to 0.57±0.02 μm (p=0.01). An increase in vertical tilt, vertical coma and vertical trefoil were also observed. Total SA was positive and increased in eyes with moderate myopia compared to those with low myopia (from 0.02±0.01 μm to 0.06±0.02 μm, p=0.02), which coincided with changes in the internal optics of the eye: an increase in ACD and a decrease in LT. At the same time, no differences in corneal aberrations were observed among patients with low and moderate myopia. A significant decrease of SA occurred in high myopia (from 0.06 μm in low myopia to 0.015±0.02 μm in high myopia). The average value of SA was 0.005±0.01 μm in eyes with AL of ≥27.0 mm and appeared to be negative in 40% of cases. The average value of corneal SA was negative (-0.002±0.01μm) in eyes with AL of ≥27.0 mm. This group had predominantly patients with congenital myopia. CONCLUSION An increase of total positive SA in patients with moderate myopia compared to those with low myopia is associated with changes in the internal optics of the eye (ACD, LT). Significant increase of higher-order aberrations and decrease of SA with the transition to negative values was observed in patients with high axial myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Neroev
- Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Disease, Moscow, Russia
| | - E P Tarutta
- Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Disease, Moscow, Russia
| | - A T Khanjian
- Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Disease, Moscow, Russia
| | - S G Harutyunyan
- Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Disease, Moscow, Russia
| | - G A Markosian
- Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Disease, Moscow, Russia
| | - N V Khodzhabekyan
- Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Disease, Moscow, Russia
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Leroux CE, Bouchet E, Espinasse P, Fontvieille C, Bardin F. Correlation between Contrast Sensitivity and Modulation Transfer Functions. Optom Vis Sci 2021; 98:1263-1269. [PMID: 34510142 DOI: 10.1097/opx.0000000000001795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Previous studies found no correlation between visual acuity and optical quality in a population of young subjects with good vision. Using sinusoidal gratings, we systematically investigate the correlation between contrast sensitivity and optical quality as a function of spatial frequency. PURPOSE This study describes the correlation between the contrast sensitivity function (CSF) and the modulation transfer function (MTF) in a sample of young and informed subjects. Our results are compared with prior studies on the correlation between visual acuity and metrics of image quality. We also compare our results with previous studies that compare the CSF, the MTF, and the neural contrast sensitivity function (NCSF). METHODS The CSF of 28 informed subjects is measured in photopic conditions. The polychromatic MTF is computed from the measurements of monochromatic aberrations. The (CSF, MTF) correlation is estimated as the Pearson correlation coefficient, at each spatial frequency. The NCSF of each subject is estimated as the ratio of CSF to MTF. RESULTS We obtain high correlation coefficients (0.8) in the range of spatial frequencies of 3 to 6 cycles per degree, which also corresponds to high NCSF. Correlation decreases with increasing spatial frequency in the range of 6 to 18 cycles per degree (down to 0.0 at 18 cycles per degree). In that range, optical and neural contrast sensitivities are both approximately reduced by factor 4. CONCLUSIONS In our sample of young subjects with good vision, the CSF with sinusoidal gratings better differentiates eyes of good optical quality at intermediate spatial frequencies (3 to 6 cycles per degree) than at higher spatial frequencies (12 to 18 cycles per degree). At the highest tested spatial frequency of sinusoidal gratings (18 cycles per degree), there is no significant correlation between optical quality and contrast sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elise Bouchet
- Laboratoire Mathématiques Informatique Physique et Applications, Université de Nîmes, Nîmes Cedex, France
| | - Pauline Espinasse
- Laboratoire Mathématiques Informatique Physique et Applications, Université de Nîmes, Nîmes Cedex, France
| | - Christophe Fontvieille
- Laboratoire Mathématiques Informatique Physique et Applications, Université de Nîmes, Nîmes Cedex, France
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Kalikivayi V, Kalikivayi L, Ganesan AR. Analyses on the distribution and influence of higher-order aberrations both clinically and experimentally among varied refractive errors. Saudi J Ophthalmol 2021; 35:21-28. [PMID: 34667928 PMCID: PMC8486037 DOI: 10.4103/1319-4534.325777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE: The aim of this work is to determine and compare the distribution and influence of higher-order aberrations (HOAs) both clinically and experimentally between different refractive errors. METHODS: Commercially available Shack–Hartmann aberrometer was employed to measure the HOA clinically in human eyes. Experimentally, HOA was measured in a model eye by simulating various refractive errors by constructing an aberrometer based on the same Shack Hartmann principle. One-way analyses of variance and simple regression were employed to analyze the distribution and influence of HOA among various refractive errors. RESULTS: A total of 100 eyes were clinically measured for aberrations, of which 35, 50, and 15 eyes were emmetropes, myopes, and hyperopes, respectively. Out of the total root mean square (RMS) value, the HOAs found in the human eyes were 23%, 7%, and 26% and in the model eye, it was 20%, 8%, and 10% between emmetropes, myopes, and hyperopes, respectively. The mean higher-order RMS was almost similar between the groups and among various refractive errors. There was no statistical significance between the individual Zernikes except for the coma in both human and model eyes. CONCLUSION: The mean HOA is similar amidst the different refractive errors. The presence of 23% HOA in emmetropes signifies that larger part of the human eye is capable of complying with HOA without compromising the image quality. This work signifies that HOA does not play an important role in image clarity for human eyes with regular refractive surface unlike irregular refractive surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkataramana Kalikivayi
- Department of Optometry, Ahalia School of Optometry, Palakkad, Kerala, India.,Department of Mathematics, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India.,Department of Optometry, Elite School of Optometry, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, India
| | - Lavanya Kalikivayi
- Department of Optometry, Ahalia School of Optometry, Palakkad, Kerala, India
| | - A R Ganesan
- Department of Physics, Applied Optics Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Li X, Hu Q, Wang QR, Feng ZQ, Yang F, Du CY. Analysis of ocular structural parameters and higher-order aberrations in Chinese children with myopia. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:8035-8043. [PMID: 34621860 PMCID: PMC8462189 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i27.8035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myopia and high myopia are global public health concerns. Patients with high myopia account for 0.5%-5.0% of the global population.
AIM To examine diopters, axial length (AL), higher-order aberrations, and other ocular parameters in Chinese children with myopia, to analyze the influence of structural parameters associated with myopia on visual quality, and to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of childhood myopia and high myopia.
METHODS This study included 195 children aged 6–17 years with myopia. The AL was measured with an ultrasonic ophthalmic diagnostic instrument, and the aberrations, corneal curvature (minimum K1, maximum K2, and average Km), central corneal thickness, anterior chamber depth, and anterior chamber angle were measured using a Sirius three-dimensional anterior segment analyzer. Using a standard formula, the corneal radius of curvature R (337.3/Km) and AL/R values were obtained.
RESULTS The diopter of high myopia compared with low-middle myopia was correlated with age and AL (r = -0.336, -0.405, P < 0.001), and AL of high myopia was negatively correlated with K1, K2, and Km (r = -0.673, -0.661, and -0.680, respectively; P < 0.001), and positively correlated with age and the anterior chamber depth (r = 0.214 and 0.275, respectively; P < 0.05). AL/R was more closely related to diopter than AL in children with myopia, and 94.4% of children with myopia had an AL/R of > 3.00.
CONCLUSION The ocular structural parameters of children change because of different diopters. AL/R is more specific and sensitive than AL in evaluating the refractive status of myopia in children. An AL/R of > 3.00 may be used as a specific index of myopia in children. There are differences in AL/R between high myopia and low-middle myopia, which can be used for the classification of ametropia. The degree of myopia has a certain influence on higher-order aberrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Center of Optometry of The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150000, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Qi Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Qian-Ru Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zi-Qing Feng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Center of Optometry of The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150000, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Chun-Yu Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Center of Optometry of The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150000, Heilongjiang Province, China
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Zhang Y, Wang S, Xian H, Rao C. Unified analytical method for Zernike coefficient transformation of scaled, rotated, and translated pupils based on Shack's vector multiplication. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2021; 38:1131-1139. [PMID: 34613307 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.427851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Zernike polynomials play an essential role in characterizing and analyzing wavefront aberrations. Transformation of weighted coefficients for Zernike modes is required when pupil scaling, rotation, and/or translation exist. Here, a novel method based on Shack's vector multiplication is first proposed to derive the transformation relation. The derived modes resulting from pupil scaling, rotation, and/or translation for each individual mode are easily indicated via this method; thus, the effect of each kind of pupil change could be studied qualitatively and quantitatively. Its remarkable computational efficiency against the direct integral is demonstrated by simulation. The method introduced here provides a generalized methodology to analyze the relationship between weighted coefficients for different description basis sets.
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Visual image quality after small-incision lenticule extraction compared with that of spectacles and contact lenses. J Cataract Refract Surg 2021; 47:731-740. [PMID: 33181632 DOI: 10.1097/j.jcrs.0000000000000501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the influence of small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) for high myopia on the visual image quality assessed by the logarithm of the visual Strehl ratio (logVSX) and put this into a clinical context by pairwise comparing the logVSX of postoperative eyes with those of myopic controls wearing spectacles and/or contact lenses. SETTING University hospital. DESIGN Prospective and cross-sectional clinical study. METHODS Patients with a myopic spherical equivalent of at least 6.00 diopters treated with SMILE aimed at emmetropia and correspondingly myopic controls corrected with spectacles and/or contact lenses were included. The logVSX calculation was divided into habitual logVSX based on the wavefront aberration measurement directly and optimal logVSX calculated in a theoretical through-focus experiment to obtain the best-achievable logVSX. RESULTS A total of 117 eyes of 61 patients and 64 eyes of 34 myopic controls were included. SMILE did not affect the habitual logVSX but worsened the optimal logVSX (P < .001). The postoperative habitual logVSX was statistically significantly worse compared with contact lenses (P = .002). The postoperative optimal logVSX was significantly worse compared with both spectacles (P < .01) and contact lenses (P = .003). There was no statistically significant difference in habitual or optimal logVSX between spectacles and contact lenses. CONCLUSIONS SMILE for high myopia does not affect the habitual logVSX but decreases the optimal logVSX slightly. The postoperative habitual logVSX is worse than for contact lenses but not spectacles, and the postoperative optimal logVSX is worse than for both contact lenses and spectacles. There is no statistically significant difference in either habitual or optimal logVSX between spectacles and contact lenses.
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Abstract
Early detection and monitoring are critical to the diagnosis and management of glaucoma, a progressive optic neuropathy that causes irreversible blindness. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has become a commonly utilized imaging modality that aids in the detection and monitoring of structural glaucomatous damage. Since its inception in 1991, OCT has progressed through multiple iterations, from time-domain OCT, to spectral-domain OCT, to swept-source OCT, all of which have progressively improved the resolution and speed of scans. Even newer technological advancements and OCT applications, such as adaptive optics, visible-light OCT, and OCT-angiography, have enriched the use of OCT in the evaluation of glaucoma. This article reviews current commercial and state-of-the-art OCT technologies and analytic techniques in the context of their utility for glaucoma diagnosis and management, as well as promising future directions. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Vision Science, Volume 7 is September 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexi Geevarghese
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA;
| | - Gadi Wollstein
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York 11201, USA.,Center for Neural Science, NYU College of Arts and Sciences, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Hiroshi Ishikawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York 11201, USA
| | - Joel S Schuman
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York 11201, USA.,Center for Neural Science, NYU College of Arts and Sciences, New York, NY 10003, USA.,Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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Karkhanis MU, Ghosh C, Banerjee A, Hasan N, Likhite R, Ghosh T, Kim H, Mastrangelo CH. Correcting Presbyopia With Autofocusing Liquid-Lens Eyeglasses. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2021; 69:390-400. [PMID: 34232861 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2021.3094964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Presbyopia, an age-related ocular disorder, is characterized by the loss in the accommodative abilities of the human eye. Conventional methods of correcting presbyopia divide the field of view, thereby resulting in significant vision impairment. We demonstrate the design, assembly and evaluation of autofocusing eyeglasses for restoration of accommodation without dividing the field of view. METHODS The adaptive optics eyeglasses comprise of two variable-focus liquid lenses, a time-of-flight range sensor and low-power, dual microprocessor control electronics, housed within an ergonomic frame. Subject-specific accommodation deficiency models were utilized to demonstrate high-fidelity accommodative correction. The abilities of this system to reduce accommodation deficiency, its power consumption, response time, optical performance and MTF were evaluated. RESULTS Average corrected accommodation deficiencies for 5 subjects ranged from -0.021 D to 0.016 D. Each accommodation correction calculation was performed in ∼67 ms which consumed 4.86 mJ of energy. The optical resolution of the system was 10.5 cycles/degree, and featured a restorative accommodative range of 4.3 D. This system was capable of running for up to 19 hours between charge cycles and weighed ∼132 g. CONCLUSION The design, assembly and performance of an autofocusing eyeglasses system to restore accommodation in presbyopes has been demonstrated. SIGNIFICANCE The new autofocusing eyeglasses system presented in this article has the potential to restore pre-presbyopic levels of accommodation in subjects diagnosed with presbyopia.
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Summers JA, Schaeffel F, Marcos S, Wu H, Tkatchenko AV. Functional integration of eye tissues and refractive eye development: Mechanisms and pathways. Exp Eye Res 2021; 209:108693. [PMID: 34228967 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Refractive eye development is a tightly coordinated developmental process. The general layout of the eye and its various components are established during embryonic development, which involves a complex cross-tissue signaling. The eye then undergoes a refinement process during the postnatal emmetropization process, which relies heavily on the integration of environmental and genetic factors and is controlled by an elaborate genetic network. This genetic network encodes a multilayered signaling cascade, which converts visual stimuli into molecular signals that guide the postnatal growth of the eye. The signaling cascade underlying refractive eye development spans across all ocular tissues and comprises multiple signaling pathways. Notably, tissue-tissue interaction plays a key role in both embryonic eye development and postnatal eye emmetropization. Recent advances in eye biometry, physiological optics and systems genetics of refractive error have significantly advanced our understanding of the biological processes involved in refractive eye development and provided a framework for the development of new treatment options for myopia. In this review, we summarize the recent data on the mechanisms and signaling pathways underlying refractive eye development and discuss new evidence suggesting a wide-spread signal integration across different tissues and ocular components involved in visually guided eye growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jody A Summers
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Frank Schaeffel
- Section of Neurobiology of the Eye, Ophthalmic Research Institute, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Myopia Research Group, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Susana Marcos
- Instituto de Óptica "Daza de Valdés", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Andrei V Tkatchenko
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, USA.
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He Y, Liu L, Vincent SJ. Compression Factor and Visual Performance in Adults Treated With Orthokeratology. Eye Contact Lens 2021; 47:413-419. [PMID: 33974574 DOI: 10.1097/icl.0000000000000796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of compression factor on visual performance in orthokeratology (ortho-k). METHODS Myopic adults were fitted with ortho-k lenses with either a 0.75 diopter (D) or 1.75 D compression factor. Higher-order aberrations (HOAs), corneal topography, and responses to the National Eye Institute/Refractive Error Quality of Life Instrument-42 questionnaire were measured at baseline and 6-month and 12-month follow-up along with a satisfaction questionnaire. Subjective refraction, high-contrast, and low-contrast visual acuity were measured at baseline and 1-day, 1-week, 6-month, and 12-month follow-up. RESULTS Forty-four myopic (mean spherical equivalent refraction: -3.66±0.84 D) adults (median age 25 years) completed the 12-month follow-up. After ortho-k lens wear, levels of satisfaction of vision after waking were significantly higher than vision before sleep for both compression factors (both P<0.01). The increased compression factor (ICF) resulted in less myopia at the 1-week visit (P=0.04) and better high-contrast unaided visual acuity at the 1-day visit (P=0.03) compared with the conventional compression factor (CCF). No other significant differences were observed for the compression factor for treatment zone diameter, lens decentration, or any subjective measurements. Individual HOA terms , , , and were significantly higher in the CCF group (0.75 D) (all P<0.05). The HOA visual Strehl ratio decreased significantly after lens wear (P<0.001) but did not vary with the compression factor. CONCLUSIONS An ICF did not result in clinically significant differences in subjective refraction, visual acuity, unaided vision, or the total ocular HOA profile compared with a CCF (0.75 D) in myopic adults after long-term ortho-k lens wear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhao He
- Department of Optometry and Visual Science (Y.H.), West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Ophthalmology (L.L.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; and Contact Lens and Visual Optics Laboratory (S.J.V.), Centre for Vision and Eye Research, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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Labhishetty V, Cholewiak SA, Roorda A, Banks MS. Lags and leads of accommodation in humans: Fact or fiction? J Vis 2021; 21:21. [PMID: 33764384 PMCID: PMC7995353 DOI: 10.1167/jov.21.3.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The focusing response of the human eye — accommodation — exhibits errors known as lags and leads. Lags occur when the stimulus is near and the eye appears to focus farther than the stimulus. Leads occur with far stimuli where the eye appears to focus nearer than the stimulus. We used objective and subjective measures simultaneously to determine where the eye is best focused. The objective measures were made with a wavefront sensor and an autorefractor, both of which analyze light reflected from the retina. These measures exhibited typical accommodative errors, mostly lags. The subjective measure was visual acuity, which of course depends not only on the eye's optics but also on photoreception and neural processing of the retinal image. The subjective measure revealed much smaller errors. Acuity was maximized at or very close to the distance of the accommodative stimulus. Thus, accommodation is accurate in terms of maximizing visual performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Labhishetty
- Optometry & Vision Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA., https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Vivek_Labhishetty
| | - Steven A Cholewiak
- Optometry & Vision Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA., http://steven.cholewiak.com
| | - Austin Roorda
- Optometry & Vision Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA., http://roorda.vision.berkeley.edu
| | - Martin S Banks
- Optometry & Vision Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA., http://bankslab.berkeley.edu
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Abstract
Stereovision is the ability to perceive fine depth variations from small differences in the two eyes' images. Using adaptive optics, we show that even minute optical aberrations that are not clinically correctable, and go unnoticed in everyday vision, can affect stereo acuity. Hence, the human binocular system is capable of using fine details that are not experienced in everyday vision. Interestingly, stereo acuity varied considerably across individuals even when they were provided identical perfect optics. We also found that individuals' stereo acuity is better when viewing with their habitual optics rather than someone else's (better) optics. Together, these findings suggest that the visual system compensates for habitual optical aberrations through neural adaptation and thereby optimizes stereovision uniquely for each individual. Thus, stereovision is limited by small optical aberrations and by neural adaptation to one's own optics.
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Huang L, Schmid KL, Zhang J, Yang GY, Wu J, Yin XN, He G, Ruan Z, Jiang XQ, Wu CA, Chen WQ. Association between greater residential greenness and decreased risk of preschool myopia and astigmatism. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 196:110976. [PMID: 33684414 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rapid urbanization has led to reduced greenness in many areas, this has been linked to adverse health outcomes. The aim was to determine the association between residential greenness experienced during very early childhood with preschool myopia and astigmatism and to explore the potential mediating role of screen time on any associations. METHOD Information regarding socio-demographic characteristics, home address, screen time during early childhood, and refraction data from vision screenings of 53,575 preschoolers from Longhua Child Cohort Study were collected via questionnaires. Residential greenness was calculated as the average of satellite-derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index in buffers of 100, 250, and 500 m around each child's home address. Logistic and linear regression models were used to examine the relationships between residential greenness, screen time, and preschool myopia and astigmatism. RESULT The mean (SD) age of the 53,575 preschoolers was 5.0 (0.7) years, and 24,849 (46.4%) were girls. A total of 1236 (2.3%) preschoolers had myopia and 5347 (10.0%) had astigmatism. In the adjusted model, a higher neighborhood greenness level within 100 m buffers around the home address was associated with decreased risk of myopia (adjusted odds ratios (AOR): 0.62, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.38-0.99), and higher neighborhood greenness levels within 100, 250, and 500 m decreased the risk of astigmatism, and their AORs (95% CIs) were 0.55 (0.43-0.70) for 100 m, 0.59 (0.41-0.83) for 250 m, 0.61 (0.42-0.90) for 500 m, respectively. Greater screen time during early childhood increased the risk of myopia (AOR = 1.33) and astigmatism (AOR = 1.23). Reduction in screen time fully mediated the benefits of greater residential greenness on preschool myopia, but partially mediated that on preschool astigmatism (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Higher residential greenness reduces the risk of preschool myopia and astigmatism; the benefits of residential greenness were mediated through reduced daily screen time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Katrina L Schmid
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4059, QLD, Australia.
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- Longhua District Maternal and Child Health Hospital, 518109, Shenzhen, China
| | - Gui-You Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianbo Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, China; Longhua District Maternal and Child Health Hospital, 518109, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao-Na Yin
- Longhua District Maternal and Child Health Hospital, 518109, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guanhao He
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zengliang Ruan
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Jiang
- Longhua District Maternal and Child Health Hospital, 518109, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chuan-An Wu
- Longhua District Maternal and Child Health Hospital, 518109, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Wei-Qing Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, China; Department of Information Management, Xinhua College of Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, China.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shea Ping Yip
- Centre for Myopia Research, School of Optometry and
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, PR China
E‐mail:
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Rae SM, Price HC. The effect of soft contact lens wear and time from blink on wavefront aberration measurement variation. Clin Exp Optom 2021; 92:274-82. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1444-0938.2009.00377.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sheila M Rae
- Vision and Eye Research Unit, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
E‐mail:
| | - Holly C Price
- Vision and Eye Research Unit, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
E‐mail:
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Atchison DA. Recent advances in representation of monochromatic aberrations of human eyes. Clin Exp Optom 2021; 87:138-48. [PMID: 15186204 DOI: 10.1111/j.1444-0938.2004.tb03166.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2004] [Revised: 04/29/2004] [Accepted: 05/01/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of aberrations of the human eye is moving rapidly, being driven by the desire to monitor and optimise vision following refractive surgery. In this paper, I discuss the different ways of representing aberrations of the human eye, the terminology used, how wave aberrations are used to determine refractions, the influence of pupil size on aberrations, how to compare right and left eye aberrations, how aberrations can be manipulated into different forms, how to make corrections for changes in wavelength, the appropriate ocular axis, and corneal and lenticular components of the aberrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Atchison
- School of Optometry, Queensland University of Technology, Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia
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Chen L, Huang LC, Gray B, Chernyak DA. Comparison of wavefront aberrations in rabbit and human eyes. Clin Exp Optom 2021; 97:534-9. [DOI: 10.1111/cxo.12184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Abbott Medical Optics Inc, Milpitas, California, USA,
| | - Ling C Huang
- Abbott Medical Optics Inc, Santa Ana, California, USA,
| | - Brad Gray
- Abbott Medical Optics Inc, Santa Ana, California, USA,
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Atchison DA. Recent advances in measurement of monochromatic aberrations of human eyes. Clin Exp Optom 2021; 88:5-27. [PMID: 15658922 DOI: 10.1111/j.1444-0938.2005.tb06659.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2004] [Revised: 11/18/2004] [Accepted: 11/27/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of aberrations of the human eye is moving rapidly, being driven by the desire to monitor and optimise vision following refractive surgery. It is important for ophthalmologists and optometrists to have an understanding of the magnitude of various aberrations and how these are likely to be affected by refractive surgery and other corrections. In this paper, I consider methods used to measure aberrations, the magnitude of aberrations in general populations and how these are affected by various factors (for example, age, refractive error, accommodation and refractive surgery) and how aberrations and their correction affect spatial visual performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Atchison
- School of Optometry, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia
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Richdale K, Cox I, Kollbaum P, Bullimore MA, Bakaraju RC, Gifford P, Plainis S, McKenney C, Newman S, Tomiyama ES, Morgan PB. CLEAR – Contact lens optics. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2021; 44:220-239. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the short-term effect of cycloplegia on higher-order aberrations (HOAs) in school-age myopic children who received 0.25% atropine for cycloplegic refraction. METHODS We performed a retrospective chart review of 24 myopic children between the ages of 5 and 15 years, who had received one topical drop of 0.25% atropine for three consecutive nights before undergoing cycloplegic refraction. Auto-refraction, visual acuity, and HOAs measured with the iTrace aberrometer were compared before and after atropine use. To account for the effect of cycloplegia, the amount of HOAs under matching scanning sizes was compared. RESULTS There were statistically significant differences in the spherical equivalent, with a hyperopic shift after atropine use (p < 0.001). Corrected visual acuity and spherical aberrations showed no significant change under the respective pupil and scanning sizes before and after atropine use. Under identical scanning sizes, there was a significant change in total spherical aberration (from 0.03 to 0.06 μm, p = 0.044) and internal spherical aberration (from -0.10 to -0.05 μm, p = 0.049) after atropine use. Differences in corneal spherical aberration were insignificant. CONCLUSION The positive shift of spherical aberration induced by the inhibition of accommodation in myopic children may have a possible effect against myopic progression. Future studies can focus on the long-term effect on HOAs and impact on visual quality with lower concentrations of atropine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yih-Shiuan Kuo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - May-Yung Yen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Sue-Tien Ophthalmology Clinic, Yin Sue-Tien Medical foundation, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Yu Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Evaluation of a Portable Wavefront Aberrometer for Community Screening Refraction in the Elderly. Optom Vis Sci 2021; 98:289-294. [PMID: 33633020 DOI: 10.1097/opx.0000000000001651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The SVOne may prove useful to quickly and easily assess refractive correction needs in community screenings and low-resource settings, but not all subjects were testable with the device. PURPOSE This study aimed to compare the SVOne handheld, smartphone-based wavefront aberrometer with a tabletop autorefractor in identifying refractive errors in elderly subjects. METHODS Participants 50 years or older at community eye screenings with visual acuity worse than 20/40 in either eye underwent autorefraction followed by two SVOne trials. Power vectors of right eye data were analyzed. RESULTS Of 84 subjects who underwent autorefraction, 67 (79.8%) were successfully autorefracted with the SVOne, of whom 82.1% (55/67) had a successful repeat reading. Mean M (spherical equivalent) values from tabletop and handheld autorefraction were -0.21 D (95% confidence interval [CI], -0.71 to +0.29 D) and -0.29 D (95% CI, -0.79 to +0.21 D), respectively (P > .05). Mean astigmatism values from tabletop and handheld devices were +1.06 D (95% CI, 0.87 to 1.26 D) and +1.21 D (95% CI, 0.99 to 1.43 D), respectively (P > .05). Intraclass correlation coefficients between devices were 0.95 (95% CI, 0.93 to 0.97) for M, 0.78 (95% CI, 0.66 to 0.86) for J0, and 0.45 (95% CI, 0.24 to 0.63) for J45 (P < .05 for all). Excellent test-retest correlation between SVOne measurements was noted for M (Pearson correlation [r] = 0.96; P < .05), but a weaker correlation was noted for J0 and J45 (r = 0.67 and r = 0.63 [P < .05 for both], respectively). CONCLUSIONS The SVOne provided strong agreement for M, with the majority of readings within ±1.00 D of each other, when compared with the tabletop autorefractor. A weaker but still good correlation was noted for astigmatism. Similar findings were noted when assessing repeatability.
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Hervella L, Villegas EA, Robles C, Artal P. Spherical Aberration Customization to Extend the Depth of Focus With a Clinical Adaptive Optics Visual Simulator. J Refract Surg 2021; 36:223-229. [PMID: 32267952 DOI: 10.3928/1081597x-20200212-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the use of the VAO adaptive optics visual simulator (Voptica SL, Murcia, Spain) for customization of spherical aberration to increase depth of focus. METHODS Through-focus visual acuity with both high- and low-contrast letters from +1.00 to -3.00 diopters (D) was measured in 17 dilated eyes with three different induced amounts of spherical aberration for a 4.5-mm pupil diameter: control (0 µm), -0.15 µm, and -0.30 µm. RESULTS The defocus curves followed the same behavior with both values of contrast, but the visual acuity was 0.2 logMAR lower with low contrast. The mean values of high-contrast logMAR visual acuity at far, intermediate (67 cm), and near (40 cm) were -0.10, 0.11, and 0.37 for control, 0.04, 0.00, and 0.15 for -0.15 µm, and 0.23, 0.00, and 0.06 for -0.30 µm conditions. The 95% confidence interval ranged from ±0.14 to ±0.45 logMAR and the middle 50% of the distribution was approximately 0.2 logMAR. CONCLUSIONS Negative values of spherical aberration extend the depth of focus in different ways depending on each patient. The VAO is a new instrument that allows the visual customization of spherical aberration to enhance depth of focus. [J Refract Surg. 2020;36(4):223-229.].
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Kiuchi G, Hiraoka T, Ueno Y, Mihashi T, Oshika T. Influence of refractive status and age on corneal higher-order aberration. Vision Res 2021; 181:32-37. [PMID: 33517073 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the influence of refractive status and age of patients on corneal higher-order aberrations (HOAs). Four hundred and twenty-six right eyes of 426 patients were enrolled in this study. The mean and standard deviation of patient age was 47.7 ± 22.1 years. Total HOAs, spherical-like aberration, coma-like aberration, Z-13, Z13, Z-33, Z-33 and spherical aberration (Z04) for 6-mm pupil were measured using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). Subjects were classified into three groups according to the amount of spherical equivalent refractive error (SE): myopia (<-0.5 D), emmetropia (-0.5 to 0.5 D), and hyperopia (>0.5 D). The amount of corneal astigmatism was recorded. Relationship between corneal aberrations, refractive status, astigmatism, and age was analyzed. In total, total HOAs, spherical-like aberration and amount of Z-33 and Z04 were significantly larger in the hyperopia group than in the myopia group. After adjustment for age, however, aberration components did not differ among the three refractive groups. In multiple regression analysis, age and corneal astigmatism showed significant correlation with aberrations, whereas amount of SE and refractive status did not. The current study indicated that age and amount of corneal astigmatism have significant influence on corneal HOAs, but refractive status (myopia, emmetropia, or hyperopia) is not associated with corneal HOAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaku Kiuchi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Hiraoka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuta Ueno
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Mihashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Oshika
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Pohlmann D, Pilger D, Bertelmann E, von Sonnleithner C. Corneal higher-order aberrations after cataract surgery: Manual phacoemulsification versus femtosecond-laser assisted technique. Eur J Ophthalmol 2021; 31:2955-2961. [PMID: 33499651 PMCID: PMC8606799 DOI: 10.1177/1120672121990611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To compare and evaluate corneal higher-order aberrations (c-HOA) between conventional manual phacoemulsification (Phaco), femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS), and femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery with astigmatic keratotomy (FSAK). Methods: In this retrospective single center study, 53 healthy individuals with cataract (73 eyes) underwent phacoemulsification with implantation of an intraocular lens. Three groups were formed: group A, Phaco (n = 27 eyes of 21 patients); group B, FLACS (n = 25 eyes of 15 patients); group C, FSAK (n = 21 eyes of 17 patients). An iTrace aberrometer (Tracey Technologies, Houston, TX, USA) was used to perform aberrometry with a pupil scan size of 5.0 mm. We used ANOVA analysis and the paired sample t-test for statistical analysis. Results: There was no difference in total c-HOA between the groups prior to surgery (F(2,66) = 2.2, p = 0.128), but some evidence for a difference between the groups after surgery (F(2,65) = 3.87, p = 0.025). After surgery, total c-HOA increased in all groups, but the greatest increase occurred FSAK. Conclusion: Manual phacoemulsification and femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery seem to have less impact on corneal higher-order aberrations than the combination of femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery with astigmatic keratotomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Pohlmann
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Pilger
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eckart Bertelmann
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph von Sonnleithner
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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