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Deng A, Zheng Y, Chen J, Zheng Y, Gong W, Si K. Improved spatial resolution using focal modulation microscopy with a Tai Chi aperture. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:18263-18276. [PMID: 34154085 DOI: 10.1364/oe.426600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Focal modulation microscopy (FMM) has gained significant interest in biological imaging. However, the spatial resolution and penetration depth limit the imaging quality of FMM due to the strong scattering background. Here, we introduce FMM with a Tai Chi aperture (TCFMM) based on diffraction theory to improve the spatial resolution. The results show that the transverse resolution is improved by 61.60% and 41.37% in two orthogonal directions, and the axial resolution is improved by 29.67%, compared with confocal microscopy (CM). The signal background ratio (SBR) of TCFMM is increased by 23.26% compared with CM and remains nearly the same compared with FMM using D-shape apertures (DFMM). These improvements in spatial resolution and SBR indicate that TCFMM has potential in deep tissue imaging.
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Vinegoni C, Feruglio PF, Gryczynski I, Mazitschek R, Weissleder R. Fluorescence anisotropy imaging in drug discovery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 151-152:262-288. [PMID: 29410158 PMCID: PMC6072632 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Non-invasive measurement of drug-target engagement can provide critical insights in the molecular pharmacology of small molecule drugs. Fluorescence polarization/fluorescence anisotropy measurements are commonly employed in protein/cell screening assays. However, the expansion of such measurements to the in vivo setting has proven difficult until recently. With the advent of high-resolution fluorescence anisotropy microscopy it is now possible to perform kinetic measurements of intracellular drug distribution and target engagement in commonly used mouse models. In this review we discuss the background, current advances and future perspectives in intravital fluorescence anisotropy measurements to derive pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic measurements in single cells and whole organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Vinegoni
- Center for System Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Paolo Fumene Feruglio
- Center for System Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurological, Biomedical and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Ignacy Gryczynski
- University of North Texas Health Science Center, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Ralph Mazitschek
- Center for System Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for System Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Xu J, Liu M, Athukorale S, Zou S, Zhang D. Linear Extrapolation of the Analyte-Specific Light Scattering and Fluorescence Depolarization in Turbid Samples. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:4739-4747. [PMID: 31459660 PMCID: PMC6648588 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b03354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Anisotropy and depolarization are two interconvertible parameters in fluorescence and light scattering spectroscopy that describe the polarization distribution of emitted and scattered photons generated with linearly polarized excitation light. Whereas anisotropy is more frequently used in fluorescence literature for studying association/dissociation of fluorophore-bearing reagents, depolarization is more popular in the light-scattering literature for investigating the effect of scatterers' geometries and chemical compositions. Presented herein is a combined computational and experimental study of the scattering and fluorescence depolarization enhancement induced by light scattering in turbid samples. The most important finding is that sample light scattering and fluorescence depolarization increases linearly with sample light-scattering extinction. Therefore, one can extrapolate the analyte-specific scattering and fluorescence depolarization through linear curve fitting of the sample light scattering and fluorescence depolarization as a function of the sample concentration or the path length of the sampling cuvettes. An example application of this linear extrapolation method is demonstrated for quantifying the fluorophore-specific fluorescence depolarization and consequently its anisotropy for an aggregation-induced-emission sample. This work should be important for a wide range of macromolecular, supramolecular, and nanoscale fluorescent materials that are often strong light scatterers due to their large sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna
Xiuzhu Xu
- Department
of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Muqiong Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Sumudu Athukorale
- Department
of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Shengli Zou
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Dongmao Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
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Rampazzo E, Bonacchi S, Juris R, Genovese D, Prodi L, Zaccheroni N, Montalti M. Dual-Mode, Anisotropy-Encoded, Ratiometric Fluorescent Nanosensors: Towards Multiplexed Detection. Chemistry 2018; 24:16743-16746. [PMID: 30256465 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A nanosensor with dual-mode fluorescence response to pH and an encoded identification signal, was developed by exploiting excitation energy transfer and tailored control of molecular organization in core-shell nanoparticles. Multiple signals were acquired in a simple single-excitation dual-emission channels set-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Rampazzo
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Bonacchi
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Riccardo Juris
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Damiano Genovese
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Prodi
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nelsi Zaccheroni
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Montalti
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
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5
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Abstract
Second harmonic (SH) microscopy has proven to be a powerful imaging modality over the past years due to its intrinsic advantages as a multiphoton process with endogenous contrast specificity, which allows pinhole-less optical sectioning, non-invasive observation, deep tissue penetration, and the possibility of easier signal detection at visible wavelengths. Depending on the relative orientation between the polarization of the incoming light and the second-order susceptibility of non-centrosymmetric structures, SH microscopy provides the unique capacity to probe the absolute molecular structure of a broad variety of biological tissues without the necessity for additional labeling. In addition, SH microscopy, when working with polarimetry, provides clear and in-depth insights on the details of molecular orientation and structural symmetry. In this review, the working principles of the polarization resolving techniques and the corresponding implements of SH microscopy are elucidated, with focus on Stokes vector based polarimetry. An overview of the advancements on SH anisotropy measurements are also presented. Specifically, the recent progresses on the following three topics in polarization resolved SH microscopy will be elucidated, which include Stokes vector resolving for imaging molecular structure and orientation, 3-D structural chirality by SH circular dichroism, and correlation with fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) for in vivo wound healing diagnosis. The potentials and challenges for future researches in exploring complex biological tissues are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmal Mazumder
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, India.
| | - Gitanjal Deka
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Wen Wu
- Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Heping Fuyou Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ankur Gogoi
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Taipei 112, Taiwan; Department of Physics, Jagannath Barooah College, Jorhat 785001, Assam, India
| | - Guan-Yu Zhuo
- Institute of Medical Science & Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, No. 70, Lienhai Rd., Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Jen Kao
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Taipei 112, Taiwan.
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Ehrlich N, Christensen AL, Stamou D. Fluorescence Anisotropy Based Single Liposome Assay to Measure Molecule–Membrane Interactions. Anal Chem 2011; 83:8169-76. [DOI: 10.1021/ac2017234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicky Ehrlich
- Bio-Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, ‡Nano-Science Center, and §Lundbeck Foundation Center for Biomembranes in Nanomedicine, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas L. Christensen
- Bio-Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, ‡Nano-Science Center, and §Lundbeck Foundation Center for Biomembranes in Nanomedicine, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dimitrios Stamou
- Bio-Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, ‡Nano-Science Center, and §Lundbeck Foundation Center for Biomembranes in Nanomedicine, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Chan FTS, Kaminski CF, Kaminski Schierle GS. HomoFRET fluorescence anisotropy imaging as a tool to study molecular self-assembly in live cells. Chemphyschem 2010; 12:500-9. [PMID: 21344590 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201000833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2010] [Revised: 11/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Molecular self-assembly is a defining feature of numerous biological functions and dysfunctions, ranging from basic cell signalling to diseases mediated by protein aggregation. There is current demand for novel experimental methods to study molecular self-assembly in live cells, and thereby in its physiological context. Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between fluorophores of a single type, known as homoFRET, permits noninvasive detection and quantification of molecular clusters in live cells. It can thus provide powerful insights into the molecular physiology of living systems and disease. HomoFRET is detected by measuring the loss of fluorescence anisotropy upon excitation with polarised light. This article reviews recent key developments in homoFRET fluorescence anisotropy imaging for the detection and quantification of molecular self-assembly reactions in biological systems. A summary is given of the current state-of-the-art and case studies are presented of successful implementations, highlighting technical aspects which have to be mastered to bridge the gap between proof-of-concept experiments and biological discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona T S Chan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3RA, UK
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Brasselet S, Aït-Belkacem D, Gasecka A, Munhoz F, Brustlein S, Brasselet S. Influence of birefringence on polarization resolved nonlinear microscopy and collagen SHG structural imaging. OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 18:14859-70. [PMID: 20639973 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.014859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We analyze the influence of the anisotropy of molecular and biological samples on polarization resolved nonlinear microscopy imaging. We show in particular the detrimental influence of birefringence on Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) and Two-Photon Excited Fluorescence (TPEF) polarization resolved microscopy imaging, which, if not accounted for, can lead to an erroneous determination of the sample properties and thus to a misinterpretation of the read-out information. We propose a method to measure this birefringence and account for this effect in nonlinear polarization resolved experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Brasselet
- Institut Fresnel,CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Ecole Centrale Marseille, Campus de St Jérôme, 13013 Marseille, France MOSAIC
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Nadiarnykh O, Campagnola PJ. Retention of polarization signatures in SHG microscopy of scattering tissues through optical clearing. OPTICS EXPRESS 2009; 17:5794-806. [PMID: 19333348 PMCID: PMC4487673 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.005794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Polarization responses in Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) imaging microscopy are a valuable method to quantify aspects of tissue structure, and may be a means to differentiate normal and diseased tissues. Due to multiple scattering, the polarization data is lost in turbid tissues. Here we investigate if this information can be retained through the use of optical clearing which greatly reduces the scattering coefficient and increases the corresponding mean free path. To this end, we have measured the SHG intensity as a function of laser polarization and the SHG signal anisotropy in murine tendon and striated muscle over a depth range of 200 microns. We find that the laser polarization is highly randomized in the uncleared tissues at depths corresponding to only 2-3 scattering collisions (50- 10 microns). This depolarization of the laser is also reflected in the randomized anisotropy of the SHG signal as it is created over a range of polarization states. In strong contrast, both polarization signatures are significantly retained through ~200 microns of tissue thickness following treatment with 50% glycerol. Moreover, the measured polarization responses for both tendon and striated muscle are consistent with the extent of reduction of the respective scattering coefficients upon clearing. We suggest the method will be applicable to SHG imaging of connective disorders as well as cancer through several hundred microns of extracellular matrix.
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Schön P, Munhoz F, Gasecka A, Brustlein S, Brasselet S. Polarization distortion effects in polarimetric two-photon microscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2008; 16:20891-901. [PMID: 19065228 DOI: 10.1364/oe.16.020891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We present a global analysis of experimental factors affecting polarization responses in two-photon inverted microscopy. The role of reflection optics and high numerical aperture focusing is investigated in two-photon fluorescence, which can be extended to other nonlinear processes. We show that both effects strongly distort polarization responses and can lead to misleading extraction of molecular order information from polarimetric measurements. We describe a model accounting for these effects and develop a calibration technique for the determination of polarization parameters in the sample plane using two-photon fluorescence polarimetry in liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Schön
- Institut FRESNEL, MOSAIC, Domaine Universitaire St Jérôme, 13397 Marseille, France
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