1
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Kshirsagar AS, Koch KA, Srimath Kandada AR, Gangishetty MK. Unraveling the Luminescence Quenching Mechanism in Strong and Weak Quantum-Confined CsPbBr 3 Triggered by Triarylamine-Based Hole Transport Layers. JACS AU 2024; 4:1229-1242. [PMID: 38559743 PMCID: PMC10976578 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Luminescence quenching by hole transport layers (HTLs) is one of the major issues in developing efficient perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs), which is particularly prominent in blue-emitting devices. While a variety of material systems have been used as interfacial layers, the origin of such quenching and the type of interactions between perovskites and HTLs are still ambiguous. Here, we present a systematic investigation of the luminescence quenching of CsPbBr3 by a commonly employed hole transport polymer, poly[(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7diyl)-co-(4,4'-(N-(4-sec-butylphenyl) diphenylamine)] (TFB), in LEDs. Strong and weak quantum-confined CsPbBr3 (nanoplatelets (NPLs)/nanocrystals (NCs)) are rationally selected to study the quenching mechanism by considering the differences in their morphology, energy level alignments, and quantum confinement. The steady-state and time-resolved Stern-Volmer plots unravel the dominance of dynamic and static quenching at lower and higher concentrations of TFB, respectively, with a maximum quenching efficiency of 98%. The quenching rate in NCs is faster than that in NPLs owing to their longer PL lifetimes and weak quantum confinement. The ultrafast transient absorption results support these dynamics and rule out the involvement of Forster or Dexter energy transfer. Finally, the 1D 1H and 2D nuclear overhauser effect spectroscopy nuclear magnetic resonance (NOESY NMR) study confirms the exchange of native ligands at the NCs surface with TFB, leading to dark CsPbBr3-TFB ensemble formation accountable for luminescence quenching. This highlights the critical role of the triarylamine functional group on TFB (also the backbone of many HTLs) in the quenching process. These results shed light on the underlying reasons for the luminescence quenching in PeLEDs and will help to rationally choose the interfacial layers for developing efficient LEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuraj S. Kshirsagar
- Department
of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Katherine A. Koch
- Department
of Physics and Center for Functional Materials, Wake Forest University, 2090 Eure Drive, Winston Salem, North Carolina 27109, United
States
| | - Ajay Ram Srimath Kandada
- Department
of Physics and Center for Functional Materials, Wake Forest University, 2090 Eure Drive, Winston Salem, North Carolina 27109, United
States
| | - Mahesh K. Gangishetty
- Department
of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Mississippi State
University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
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2
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Aleotti F, Petropoulos V, Van Overeem H, Pettini M, Mancinelli M, Pecorari D, Maiuri M, Medri R, Mazzanti A, Preda F, Perri A, Polli D, Conti I, Cerullo G, Garavelli M. Engineering Azobenzene Derivatives to Control the Photoisomerization Process. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:10435-10449. [PMID: 38051114 PMCID: PMC10726365 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c06108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we show how the structural features of photoactive azobenzene derivatives can influence the photoexcited state behavior and the yield of the trans/cis photoisomerization process. By combining high-resolution transient absorption experiments in the vis-NIR region and quantum chemistry calculations (TDDFT and RASPT2), we address the origin of the transient signals of three poly-substituted push-pull azobenzenes with an increasing strength of the intramolecular interactions stabilizing the planar trans isomer (absence of intramolecular H-bonds, methyl, and traditional H-bond, respectively, for 4-diethyl-4'-nitroazobenzene, Disperse Blue 366, and Disperse Blue 165) and a commercial red dye showing keto-enol tautomerism involving the azo group (Sudan Red G). Our results indicate that the intramolecular H-bonds can act as a "molecular lock" stabilizing the trans isomer and increasing the energy barrier along the photoreactive CNNC torsion coordinate, thus preventing photoisomerization in the Disperse Blue dyes. In contrast, the involvement of the azo group in keto-enol tautomerism can be employed as a strategy to change the nature of the lower excited state and remove the nonproductive symmetric CNN/NNC bending pathway typical of the azo group, thus favoring the productive torsional motion. Taken together, our results can provide guidelines for the structural design of azobenzene-based photoswitches with a tunable excited state behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Aleotti
- Dipartimento
di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”, Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Vasilis Petropoulos
- Dipartimento
di Fisica - Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Hannah Van Overeem
- van’t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Universiteit
van Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michele Pettini
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, Via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Mancinelli
- Dipartimento
di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”, Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniel Pecorari
- Dipartimento
di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”, Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Margherita Maiuri
- Dipartimento
di Fisica - Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Riccardo Medri
- Dipartimento
di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”, Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Mazzanti
- Dipartimento
di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”, Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Preda
- NIREOS
s.r.l, Via Giovanni Durando
39, 20158 Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Perri
- NIREOS
s.r.l, Via Giovanni Durando
39, 20158 Milan, Italy
| | - Dario Polli
- Dipartimento
di Fisica - Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy
- CNR - Institute
for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Conti
- Dipartimento
di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”, Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- Dipartimento
di Fisica - Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy
- CNR - Institute
for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Garavelli
- Dipartimento
di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”, Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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3
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Genco A, Cruciano C, Corti M, McGhee KE, Ardini B, Sortino L, Hüttenhofer L, Virgili T, Lidzey DG, Maier SA, Bassi A, Valentini G, Cerullo G, Manzoni C. k-Space Hyperspectral Imaging by a Birefringent Common-Path Interferometer. ACS PHOTONICS 2022; 9:3563-3572. [PMID: 36411818 PMCID: PMC9673149 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.2c00959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fourier-plane microscopy is a powerful tool for measuring the angular optical response of a plethora of materials and photonic devices. Among them, optical microcavities feature distinctive energy-momentum dispersions, crucial for a broad range of fundamental studies and applications. However, measuring the whole momentum space (k-space) with sufficient spectral resolution using standard spectroscopic techniques is challenging, requiring long and alignment-sensitive scans. Here, we introduce a k-space hyperspectral microscope, which uses a common-path birefringent interferometer to image photoluminescent organic microcavities, obtaining an angle- and wavelength-resolved view of the samples in only one measurement. The exceptional combination of angular and spectral resolution of our technique allows us to reconstruct a three-dimensional (3D) map of the cavity dispersion in the energy-momentum space, revealing the polarization-dependent behavior of the resonant cavity modes. Furthermore, we apply our technique for the characterization of a dielectric nanodisk metasurface, evidencing the angular and spectral behavior of its anapole mode. This approach is able to provide a complete optical characterization for materials and devices with nontrivial angle-/wavelength-dependent properties, fundamental for future developments in the fields of topological photonics and optical metamaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Genco
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo Da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Cristina Cruciano
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo Da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Matteo Corti
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo Da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Kirsty E. McGhee
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Sheffield, Hounsfield Road, S3 7RH Sheffield, U.K.
| | - Benedetto Ardini
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo Da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Sortino
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Ludwig Hüttenhofer
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Tersilla Virgili
- Istituto
di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo Da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - David G. Lidzey
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Sheffield, Hounsfield Road, S3 7RH Sheffield, U.K.
| | - Stefan A. Maier
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539 Munich, Germany
- School
of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Department
of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Andrea Bassi
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo Da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Gianluca Valentini
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo Da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo Da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Istituto
di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo Da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Cristian Manzoni
- Istituto
di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo Da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
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4
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Interference Spectral Imaging Based on Liquid Crystal Relaxation and Its Application in Optical Component Defect Detection. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12020718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we propose a fast interference spectral imaging system based on liquid crystal (LC) relaxation. The path delay of nematic LC during falling relaxation is used for the scanning of the optical path. Hyperspectral data can be obtained by Fourier transforming the data according to the path delay. The system can obtain two-dimensional spatial images of arbitrary wavelengths in the range of 300–1100 nm with a spectral resolution of 262 cm−1. Compared with conventional Fourier transform spectroscopy, the system can easily collect and integrate all valid information within 20 s. Based on the LC, controlling the optical path difference between two orthogonally polarized beams can avoid mechanical movement. Finally, the potential for application in contactless and rapid non-destructive optical component defect inspection is demonstrated.
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5
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Ghosh S, Herink G, Perri A, Preda F, Manzoni C, Polli D, Cerullo G. Broadband Optical Activity Spectroscopy with Interferometric Fourier-Transform Balanced Detection. ACS PHOTONICS 2021; 8:2234-2242. [PMID: 34476287 PMCID: PMC8377715 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.0c01866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Spectrally resolved measurements of optical activity, such as circular dichroism (CD) and optical rotatory dispersion (ORD), are powerful tools to study chiroptical properties of (bio)molecular and nanoplasmonic systems. The wider utilization of these techniques, however, has been impeded by the bulky and slow design of conventional spectropolarimeters, which have been limited to a narrowband scanning approach for more than 50 years. In this work, we demonstrate broadband measurements of optical activity by combining a balanced detection scheme with interferometric Fourier-transform spectroscopy. The setup utilizes a linearly polarized light field that creates an orthogonally polarized weak chiral free-induction-decay field, along with a phase-locked achiral transmitted signal, which serves as the local oscillator for heterodyne amplification. By scanning the delay between the two fields with a birefringent common-path interferometer and recording their interferogram with a balanced detector that measures polarization rotation, broadband CD and ORD spectra are retrieved simultaneously with a Fourier transform. Using an incoherent thermal light source, we achieve state-of-the-art sensitivity for CD and ORD across a broad wavelength range in a remarkably simple setup. We further demonstrate the potential of our technique for highly sensitive measurements of glucose concentration and the real-time monitoring of ground-state chemical reactions. The setup also accepts broadband pulses and will be suitable for broadband transient optical activity spectroscopy and broadband optical activity imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Ghosh
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Georg Herink
- Experimental
Physics VIII, University of Bayreuth, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Antonio Perri
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy
- NIREOS
S.R.L., Via G. Durando
39, 20158 Milano, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Preda
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy
- NIREOS
S.R.L., Via G. Durando
39, 20158 Milano, Italy
| | - Cristian Manzoni
- Istituto
di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN)−CNR, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Dario Polli
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy
- NIREOS
S.R.L., Via G. Durando
39, 20158 Milano, Italy
- Istituto
di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN)−CNR, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy
- NIREOS
S.R.L., Via G. Durando
39, 20158 Milano, Italy
- Istituto
di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN)−CNR, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy
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6
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Lünemann DC, Thomas AR, Xu J, Bartölke R, Mouritsen H, De Sio A, Lienau C. Distinguishing between coherent and incoherent signals in excitation-emission spectroscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:24326-24337. [PMID: 34614680 DOI: 10.1364/oe.428850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The separation of incoherent emission signals from coherent light scattering often poses a challenge in (time-resolved) microscopy or excitation-emission spectroscopy. While in spectro-microscopy with narrowband excitation this is commonly overcome using spectral filtering, it is less straightforward when using broadband Fourier-transform techniques that are now becoming commonplace in, e.g., single molecule or ultrafast nonlinear spectroscopy. Here we show that such a separation is readily achieved using highly stable common-path interferometers for both excitation and detection. The approach is demonstrated for suppression of scattering from flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and weakly emissive cryptochrome 4 (Cry4) protein samples. We expect that the approach will be beneficial, e.g., for fluorescence lifetime or Raman-based imaging and spectroscopy of various samples, including single quantum emitters.
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7
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Wolz L, Heshmatpour C, Perri A, Polli D, Cerullo G, Finley JJ, Thyrhaug E, Hauer J, Stier AV. Time-domain photocurrent spectroscopy based on a common-path birefringent interferometer. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:123101. [PMID: 33379948 DOI: 10.1063/5.0023543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We present diffraction-limited photocurrent (PC) microscopy in the visible spectral range based on broadband excitation and an inherently phase-stable common-path interferometer. The excellent path-length stability guarantees high accuracy without the need for active feedback or post-processing of the interferograms. We illustrate the capabilities of the setup by recording PC spectra of a bulk GaAs device and compare the results to optical transmission data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Wolz
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, Walter Schottky Institut, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Constantin Heshmatpour
- Dynamical Spectroscopy, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Antonio Perri
- IFN-CNR and Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Dario Polli
- IFN-CNR and Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- IFN-CNR and Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Jonathan J Finley
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, Walter Schottky Institut, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Erling Thyrhaug
- Dynamical Spectroscopy, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hauer
- Dynamical Spectroscopy, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Andreas V Stier
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, Walter Schottky Institut, 85748 Garching, Germany
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8
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Ďurian M, Sámel M, Matejčík Š. Step-scan Michelson Fourier-transform spectrometer for optical emission spectroscopy in UV-VIS spectral range. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:033102. [PMID: 32259943 DOI: 10.1063/1.5119206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We present the design, construction, and first spectra of a step-scan Michelson Fourier-transform spectrometer for optical emission spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral range. The mirror motion mechanism is based on a long-travel piezo-based linear translation stage with built-in position feedback. The step-scan arrangement allows for signal integration, making the instrument suitable for measurements of less intensive radiation sources and for the photon-counting technique. The spectrometer consists of two coupled Michelson interferometers, one for the spectrometer itself and the other to provide positional reference for the mirror stepping mechanism using interference fringes of a stabilized 635 nm laser diode. Using interpolation of the laser interferogram and taking advantage of the translation stage precision in linear-piezo mode, the mechanism is capable of performing 79 nm steps, which puts the Nyquist wavelength at ∼320 nm. The spectrometer was tested by measuring the spectra of HgAr cold-cathode fluorescent lamp and electron-induced fluorescence of ambient air. Two different detectors were used, an amplified photodiode detector and a photomultiplier tube module in photon counting mode. The highest achieved experimental spectral resolving power was ∼4000 using 1 mm of total mirror travel and the highest achieved noise-free dynamic range was 103. Test results show that the instrument is suitable for use with moderate-to-low intensity signal sources such as small gas discharges and spectroscopic measurements at astronomical telescopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Ďurian
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Mlynska dolina, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Matúš Sámel
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Mlynska dolina, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Štefan Matejčík
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Mlynska dolina, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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9
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Perri A, Nogueira de Faria BE, Ferreira DCT, Comelli D, Valentini G, Preda F, Polli D, de Paula AM, Cerullo G, Manzoni C. Hyperspectral imaging with a TWINS birefringent interferometer. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:15956-15967. [PMID: 31163784 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.015956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a high-performance hyperspectral camera based on the Fourier-transform approach, where the two delayed images are generated by the Translating-Wedge-Based Identical Pulses eNcoding System (TWINS) [Opt. Lett. 37, 3027 (2012)], a common-path birefringent interferometer that combines compactness, intrinsic interferometric delay precision, long-term stability and insensitivity to vibrations. In our imaging system, TWINS is employed as a time-scanning interferometer and generates high-contrast interferograms at the single-pixel level. The camera exhibits high throughput and provides hyperspectral images with spectral background level of -30dB and resolution of 3 THz in the visible spectral range. We show high-quality spectral measurements of absolute reflectance, fluorescence and transmission of artistic objects with various lateral sizes.
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10
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Sauer H, Fossi AP, Ferrec Y, Guerineau N, Minet J, Taboury J, Chavel P. Numerical modeling of nominal and stray waves in birefringent interferometers: application to large-field-of-view imaging Fourier transform spectrometers. APPLIED OPTICS 2018; 57:9488-9498. [PMID: 30461997 DOI: 10.1364/ao.57.009488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Birefringent interferometers are often used for compact static Fourier transform spectrometers. In such devices, several uniaxial birefringent parallel or prismatic plates are stacked, with their optical axes set so that there is an efficient coupling from ordinary to extraordinary and extraordinary to ordinary eigenmodes of two successive plates. Such coupling, aside from few particular cases, is, however, not perfect, an effect that may adversely affect performance. In order to help the design and the tolerancing of these interferometers, we have developed a numerical modeling based on the propagation of plane waves inside and through the interface of birefringent media. This tool evaluates the traveled optical path length and the amplitude of the different polarization modes, enabling prediction of both the optical path differences on the interferometer outputs and the unwanted coupling strengths and related stray wave amplitudes. The tool behavior is illustrated on Savart and double-Wollaston interferometers and compared with experimental characterization of a calcite double-Wollaston prism.
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11
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Preda F, Perri A, Réhault J, Dutta B, Helbing J, Cerullo G, Polli D. Time-domain measurement of optical activity by an ultrastable common-path interferometer. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:1882-1885. [PMID: 29652389 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.001882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a novel configuration for the broadband measurement of the optical activity of molecules, combining time-domain detection with heterodyne amplification. A birefringent common-path polarization-division interferometer creates two phase-locked replicas of the input light with orthogonal polarization. The more intense replica interacts with the sample, producing a chiral free-induction decay field, which interferes with the other replica, acting as a time-delayed phase-coherent local oscillator. By recording the delay-dependent interferogram, we obtain by a Fourier transform both the circular dichroism and circular birefringence spectra. Our compact, low-cost setup accepts ultrashort light pulses, making it suitable for measurement of transient optical activity.
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12
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Perri A, Gaida JH, Farina A, Preda F, Viola D, Ballottari M, Hauer J, De Silvestri S, D’Andrea C, Cerullo G, Polli D. Time- and frequency-resolved fluorescence with a single TCSPC detector via a Fourier-transform approach. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:2270-2279. [PMID: 29401767 PMCID: PMC6186413 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.002270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a broadband single-pixel spectro-temporal fluorescence detector, combining time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) with Fourier transform (FT) spectroscopy. A birefringent common-path interferometer (CPI) generates two time-delayed replicas of the sample's fluorescence. Via FT of their interference signal at the detector, we obtain a two-dimensional map of the fluorescence as a function of detection wavelength and emission time, with high temporal and spectral resolution. Our instrument is remarkably simple, as it only requires the addition of a CPI to a standard single-pixel TCSPC system, and it shows a readily adjustable spectral resolution with inherently broad bandwidth coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Perri
- IFN-CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - John H. Gaida
- IFN-CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
- 4th Physical Institute – Solids and Nanostructures, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Farina
- IFN-CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Preda
- IFN-CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Daniele Viola
- IFN-CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Matteo Ballottari
- Universita degli Studi di Verona, Department of Biotechnology, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Jürgen Hauer
- Technische Universität München, Dynamische Spektroskopien, Fakultät für Chemie, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Photonics Institute, TU Wien, Gusshausstrasse 27, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sandro De Silvestri
- IFN-CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Cosimo D’Andrea
- IFN-CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
- Center for Nano Science and Technology at Polimi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- IFN-CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Dario Polli
- IFN-CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
- Center for Nano Science and Technology at Polimi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Milano 20133, Italy
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Perri A, Preda F, D'Andrea C, Thyrhaug E, Cerullo G, Polli D, Hauer J. Excitation-emission Fourier-transform spectroscopy based on a birefringent interferometer. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:A483-A490. [PMID: 28788879 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.00a483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The correlation of molecular excitation and emission events provides a powerful multidimensional spectroscopy tool, by relating transitions from electronic ground and excited states through two-dimensional excitation-emission maps. Here we present a compact, fast and versatile Fourier-transform spectrometer, combining absorption and excitation-emission fluorescence spectroscopy in the visible. We generate phase-locked excitation pulse pairs via an inherently stable birefringent wedge-based common-path interferometer, retaining all the advantages of Fourier-transform spectroscopy but avoiding active stabilization or auxiliary tracking beams. We employ both coherent and incoherent excitation sources on dye molecules in solution, with data acquisition times in the range of seconds and minutes, respectively.
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14
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Réhault J, Borrego-Varillas R, Oriana A, Manzoni C, Hauri CP, Helbing J, Cerullo G. Fourier transform spectroscopy in the vibrational fingerprint region with a birefringent interferometer. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:4403-4413. [PMID: 28241643 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.004403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a birefringent interferometer for Fourier transform (FT) spectroscopy in the mid-infrared, covering the vibrational fingerprint region (5-10 µm, 1000-2000 cm-1), which is crucial for molecular identification. Our interferometer employs the crystal calomel (Hg2Cl2), which combines high birefringence (ne-no≈0.55) with a broad transparency range (0.38-20 µm). We adopt a design based on birefringent wedges, which is simple and compact and guarantees excellent delay accuracy and long-term stability. We demonstrate FTIR spectroscopy, with a frequency resolution of 3 cm-1, as well as two-dimensional IR (2DIR) spectroscopy. Our setup can be extended to other spectroscopic modalities such as vibrational circular dichroism and step-scan FT spectroscopy.
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