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Chattopadhyay B, Madathiparambil AS, Mürer FK, Cerasi P, Chushkin Y, Zontone F, Gibaud A, Breiby DW. Nanoscale imaging of shale fragments with coherent X-ray diffraction. J Appl Crystallogr 2020; 53:1562-1569. [PMID: 33304225 PMCID: PMC7710485 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576720013850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the abundance of shales in the Earth's crust and their industrial and environmental importance, their microscale physical properties are poorly understood, owing to the presence of many structurally related mineral phases and a porous network structure spanning several length scales. Here, the use of coherent X-ray diffraction imaging (CXDI) to study the internal structure of microscopic shale fragments is demonstrated. Simultaneous wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) measurement facilitated the study of the mineralogy of the shale microparticles. It was possible to identify pyrite nanocrystals as inclusions in the quartz-clay matrix and the volume of closed unconnected pores was estimated. The combined CXDI-WAXD analysis enabled the establishment of a correlation between sample morphology and crystallite shape and size. The results highlight the potential of the combined CXDI-WAXD approach as an upcoming imaging modality for 3D nanoscale studies of shales and other geological formations via serial measurements of microscopic fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basab Chattopadhyay
- PoreLab, Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, Trondheim, 7491, Norway
| | - Aldritt S Madathiparambil
- PoreLab, Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, Trondheim, 7491, Norway
| | - Fredrik K Mürer
- PoreLab, Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, Trondheim, 7491, Norway
| | - Pierre Cerasi
- Petroleum Department, SINTEF Industry, Trondheim, 7465, Norway
| | - Yuriy Chushkin
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Federico Zontone
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Alain Gibaud
- LUNAM, IMMM, UMR 6283 CNRS, Faculté des Sciences, Le Mans, 72085, France
| | - Dag W Breiby
- PoreLab, Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, Trondheim, 7491, Norway.,Department of Microsystems, University of South-Eastern Norway, Campus Vestfold, Borre, 3182, Norway
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Chushkin Y, Zontone F, Cherkas O, Gibaud A. Quantitative nanotomography of amorphous and polycrystalline samples using coherent X-ray diffraction. J Appl Crystallogr 2019. [DOI: 10.1107/s1600576719004394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This article presents a combined approach where quantitative forward-scattering coherent diffraction imaging (CDI) is supported by crystal diffraction using 8.1 keV synchrotron X-ray radiation. The method allows the determination of the morphology, mass density and crystallinity of an isolated microscopic specimen. This approach is tested on three homogeneous samples made of different materials with different degrees of crystallinity. The mass density and morphology are revealed using three-dimensional coherent diffraction imaging with a resolution better than 36 nm. The crystallinity is extracted from the diffraction profiles measured simultaneously with coherent diffraction patterns. The presented approach extends CDI to structural characterization of samples when crystallinity aspects are of interest.
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Mürer FK, Sanchez S, Álvarez-Murga M, Di Michiel M, Pfeiffer F, Bech M, Breiby DW. 3D Maps of Mineral Composition and Hydroxyapatite Orientation in Fossil Bone Samples Obtained by X-ray Diffraction Computed Tomography. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10052. [PMID: 29968761 PMCID: PMC6030225 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28269-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether hydroxyapatite (HA) orientation in fossilised bone samples can be non-destructively retrieved and used to determine the arrangement of the bone matrix and the location of muscle attachments (entheses), is a question of high relevance to palaeontology, as it facilitates a detailed understanding of the (micro-)anatomy of extinct species with no damage to the precious fossil specimens. Here, we report studies of two fossil bone samples, specifically the tibia of a 300-million-year-old tetrapod, Discosauriscus austriacus, and the humerus of a 370-million-year-old lobe-finned fish, Eusthenopteron foordi, using XRD-CT – a combination of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and computed tomography (CT). Reconstructed 3D images showing the spatial mineral distributions and the local orientation of HA were obtained. For Discosauriscus austriacus, details of the muscle attachments could be discerned. For Eusthenopteron foordi, the gross details of the preferred orientation of HA were deduced using three tomographic datasets obtained with orthogonally oriented rotation axes. For both samples, the HA in the bone matrix exhibited preferred orientation, with the unit cell c-axis of the HA crystallites tending to be parallel with the bone surface. In summary, we have demonstrated that XRD-CT combined with an intuitive reconstruction procedure is becoming a powerful tool for studying palaeontological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik K Mürer
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sophie Sanchez
- Science for Life Laboratory and Uppsala University, Department of Organismal Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Norbyvägen 18 A, 75236, Uppsala, Sweden.,ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France.,Sorbonne Université - CR2P - MNHN, CNRS, UPMC, 57 rue Cuvier, CP38, F-75005, Paris, France
| | | | - Marco Di Michiel
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Franz Pfeiffer
- Lehrstuhl für Biomedizinische Physik, Physik-Department & Institut für Medizintechnik, Technische Universität München, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675, München, Germany
| | - Martin Bech
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 22185, Lund, Sweden
| | - Dag W Breiby
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, 7491, Trondheim, Norway. .,Department of Microsystems, University of South-Eastern Norway, 3184, Borre, Norway.
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Skjønsfjell ETB, Chushkin Y, Zontone F, Breiby DW. In situ coherent X-ray diffraction imaging of radiation-induced mass loss in metal-polymer composite spheres. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2018; 25:1162-1171. [PMID: 29979178 DOI: 10.1107/s160057751800588x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A major limitation to the use of coherent X-ray diffraction imaging (CXDI) for imaging soft materials like polymers and biological tissue is that the radiation can cause extensive damage to the sample under investigation. In this study, CXDI has been used to monitor radiation-induced structural changes in metal-coated poly(methyl methacrylate) microspheres. Using a coherent undulator X-ray beam with 8.10 keV photon energy, 14 tomograms at a resolution of ∼30 nm were measured consecutively, which resulted in an accumulated dose of 30 GGy. The three-dimensional images confirmed that the polymer core was strongly affected by the absorbed dose, giving pronounced mass loss. Specifically, as the metal-polymer composite was exposed to the X-ray beam, a bubble-like region of reduced density grew within the composite, almost filling the entire volume within the thin metallic shell in the last tomogram. The bubble seemed to have its initiation point at a hole in the metal coating, emphasizing that the free polymer surface plays an important role in the degradation process. The irradiation of an uncoated polystyrene microsphere gave further evidence for mass loss at the free surface as the radius decreased with increased dose. The CXDI study was complemented by X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy, which proved efficient in establishing exposure dose limits. Our results demonstrate that radiation-induced structural changes at the tens of nanometer scale in soft materials can be followed as a function of dose, which is important for the further development of soft-matter technology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuriy Chushkin
- The European Synchrotron, CS 40220, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Dag Werner Breiby
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, Trondheim 7491, Norway
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