1
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Wang G, Li L, Sorrells JE, Chen J, Tu H. Gentle label-free nonlinear optical imaging relaxes linear-absorption-mediated triplet. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.09.561579. [PMID: 37873348 PMCID: PMC10592717 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.09.561579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Sample health is critical for live-cell fluorescence microscopy and has promoted light-sheet microscopy that restricts its ultraviolet-visible excitation to one plane inside a three-dimensional sample. It is thus intriguing that laser-scanning nonlinear optical microscopy, which similarly restricts its near-infrared excitation, has not broadly enabled gentle label-free molecular imaging. We hypothesize that intense near-infrared excitation induces phototoxicity via linear absorption of intrinsic biomolecules with subsequent triplet buildup, rather than the commonly assumed mechanism of nonlinear absorption. Using a reproducible phototoxicity assay based on the time-lapse elevation of auto-fluorescence (hyper-fluorescence) from a homogeneous tissue model (chicken breast), we provide strong evidence supporting this hypothesis. Our study justifies a simple imaging technique, e.g., rapidly scanned sub-80-fs excitation with full triplet-relaxation, to mitigate this ubiquitous linear-absorption-mediated phototoxicity independent of sample types. The corresponding label-free imaging can track freely moving C. elegans in real-time at an irradiance up to one-half of water optical breakdown.
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2
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Huang R, Yu D, Savage D, Wozniak K, Zheleznyak L, Knox WH, Huxlin KR. Blue-LIRIC in the rabbit cornea: efficacy, tissue effects, and repetition rate scaling. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:2346-2363. [PMID: 35519279 PMCID: PMC9045900 DOI: 10.1364/boe.448286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Laser-induced refractive index change (LIRIC) is being developed as a non-invasive way to alter optical properties of transparent, ophthalmic materials including corneas ex vivo and in vivo. This study examined the optical and biological effects of blue-LIRIC (wavelengths 400-405 nm) of ex-vivo rabbit corneas. Following LIRIC treatment at low and high repetition rates (8.3 MHz and 80 MHz, respectively), we interferometrically measured optical phase change, obtained transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs, and stained histological sections with collagen hybridizing peptides (CHP) to assess the structural and organizational changes caused by LIRIC at different repetition rates. Finally, we performed power and scan speed scaling experiments at three different repetition rates (1 MHz, 8.3 MHz, and 80 MHz) to study their impact on LIRIC efficacy. Histologic co-localization of CHP and LIRIC-generated green autofluorescence signals suggested that collagen denaturation had occurred in the laser-irradiated region. TEM imaging showed different ultrastructural modifications for low and high repetition rate writing, with discrete homogenization of collagen fibrils at 80 MHz, as opposed to contiguous homogenization at 8.3 MHz. Overall, this study confirmed that LIRIC efficacy can be dramatically increased, while still avoiding tissue ablation, by lowering the repetition rate from 80 MHz to 8.3 MHz. Modeling suggests that this is due to a higher, single-pulse, energy density deposition at given laser powers during 8.3 MHz LIRIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiting Huang
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Dan Yu
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Daniel Savage
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
- Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Kaitlin Wozniak
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
- Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | | | - Wayne H. Knox
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
- Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Krystel R. Huxlin
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
- Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
- Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
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3
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Astafiev AA, Shakhov AM, Osychenko AA, Syrchina MS, Karmenyan AV, Tochilo UA, Nadtochenko VA. Probing Intracellular Dynamics Using Fluorescent Carbon Dots Produced by Femtosecond Laser In Situ. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:12527-12538. [PMID: 32548437 PMCID: PMC7271373 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent particle tracking is a powerful technique for studying intracellular transport and microrheological properties within living cells, which in most cases employs exogenous fluorescent tracer particles delivered into cells or fluorescent staining of cell organelles. Herein, we propose an alternative strategy, which is based on the generation of fluorescent species in situ with ultrashort laser pulses. Using mouse germinal vesicle oocytes as a model object, we demonstrate that femtosecond laser irradiation produces compact dense areas in the intracellular material containing fluorescent carbon dots synthesized from biological molecules. These dots have tunable persistent and excitation-dependent emission, which is highly advantageous for fluorescent imaging. We further show that tight focusing and tuning of irradiation parameters allow precise control of the location and size of fluorescently labeled areas and minimization of damage inflicted to cells. Pieces of the intracellular material down to the submicrometer size can be labeled with laser-produced fluorescent dots in real time and then employed as probes for detecting intracellular motion activity via fluorescent tracking. Analyzing their diffusion in the oocyte cytoplasm, we arrive to realistic characteristics of active forces generated within the cell and frequency-dependent shear modulus of the cytoplasm. We also quantitatively characterize the level of metabolic activity and density of the cytoskeleton meshwork. Our findings establish a new technique for probing intracellular mechanical properties and also promise applications in tracking individual cells in population or studies of spatiotemporal cell organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artyom A. Astafiev
- Semenov
Institute of Chemical Physics, Federal Research
Center of Chemical Physics of RAS, Kosygina Street 4, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Aleksander M. Shakhov
- Semenov
Institute of Chemical Physics, Federal Research
Center of Chemical Physics of RAS, Kosygina Street 4, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Alina A. Osychenko
- Semenov
Institute of Chemical Physics, Federal Research
Center of Chemical Physics of RAS, Kosygina Street 4, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Maria S. Syrchina
- Semenov
Institute of Chemical Physics, Federal Research
Center of Chemical Physics of RAS, Kosygina Street 4, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Artashes V. Karmenyan
- National
Dong Hwa University, No. 1, Sec. 2, Da Hsueh Rd., Shoufeng, Hualien 97401, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ulyana A. Tochilo
- Semenov
Institute of Chemical Physics, Federal Research
Center of Chemical Physics of RAS, Kosygina Street 4, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Victor A. Nadtochenko
- Semenov
Institute of Chemical Physics, Federal Research
Center of Chemical Physics of RAS, Kosygina Street 4, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
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4
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Kilin V, Campargue G, Fureraj I, Sakong S, Sabri T, Riporto F, Vieren A, Mugnier Y, Mas C, Staedler D, Collins JM, Bonacina L, Vogel A, Capobianco JA, Wolf JP. Wavelength-Selective Nonlinear Imaging and Photo-Induced Cell Damage by Dielectric Harmonic Nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2020; 14:4087-4095. [PMID: 32282184 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b08813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a nonlinear all-optical theranostics protocol based on the excitation wavelength decoupling between imaging and photoinduced damage of human cancer cells labeled by bismuth ferrite (BFO) harmonic nanoparticles (HNPs). To characterize the damage process, we rely on a scheme for in situ temperature monitoring based on upconversion nanoparticles: by spectrally resolving the emission of silica coated NaGdF4:Yb3+/Er3+ nanoparticles in close vicinity of a BFO HNP, we show that the photointeraction upon NIR-I excitation at high irradiance is associated with a temperature increase >100 °C. The observed laser-cell interaction implies a permanent change of the BFO nonlinear optical properties, which can be used as a proxy to read out the outcome of a theranostics procedure combining imaging at 980 nm and selective cell damage at 830 nm. The approach has potential applications to monitor and treat lesions within NIR light penetration depth in tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasyl Kilin
- Department of Applied Physics, Université de Genève, 22 chemin de Pinchat, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Gabriel Campargue
- Department of Applied Physics, Université de Genève, 22 chemin de Pinchat, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Ina Fureraj
- Department of Applied Physics, Université de Genève, 22 chemin de Pinchat, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Sim Sakong
- Department of Applied Physics, Université de Genève, 22 chemin de Pinchat, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Tarek Sabri
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Centre for NanoScience Research, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | | | - Alice Vieren
- Department of Applied Physics, Université de Genève, 22 chemin de Pinchat, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | | | - Christophe Mas
- OncoTheis Sàrl, 18 chemin des Aulx, CH-1228, Plan-les-Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Davide Staedler
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - John Michael Collins
- Wheaton College, 26 East Main Street, Norton, Massachusetts 02766, United States
| | - Luigi Bonacina
- Department of Applied Physics, Université de Genève, 22 chemin de Pinchat, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Alfred Vogel
- Institute of Biomedical Optics University of Luebeck, Peter-Monnik-Weg 4, 23562 Luebeck, Germany
| | - John A Capobianco
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Centre for NanoScience Research, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Wolf
- Department of Applied Physics, Université de Genève, 22 chemin de Pinchat, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
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5
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Yu D, Brown EB, Huxlin KR, Knox WH. Tissue effects of intra-tissue refractive index shaping (IRIS): insights from two-photon autofluorescence and second harmonic generation microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:855-867. [PMID: 30800519 PMCID: PMC6377903 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.000855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Intra-tissue refractive index shaping (IRIS) is a novel, non-ablative form of vision correction by which femtosecond laser pulses are tightly focused into ocular tissues to induce localized refractive index (RI) change via nonlinear absorption. Here, we examined the effects of Blue-IRIS on corneal microstructure to gain insights into underlying mechanisms. Three-layer grating patterns were inscribed with IRIS ~180 µm below the epithelial surface of ex vivo rabbit globes using a 400 nm femtosecond laser. Keeping laser power constant at 82 mW in the focal volume, multiple patterns were written at different scan speeds. The largest RI change induced in this study was + 0.011 at 20 mm/s. After measuring the phase change profile of each inscribed pattern, two-photon excited autofluorescence (TPEF) and second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy were used to quantify changes in stromal structure. While TPEF increased significantly with induced RI change, there was a noticeable suppression of SHG signal in IRIS treated regions. We posit that enhancement of TPEF was due to the formation of new fluorophores, while decreases in SHG were most likely due to degradation of collagen triple helices. All in all, the changes observed suggest that IRIS works by inducing a localized, photochemical change in collagen structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yu
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Edward B. Brown
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Krystel R. Huxlin
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
- Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
- Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Wayne H. Knox
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
- Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
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6
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Qin Z, Sun Q, Lin Y, He S, Li X, Chen C, Wu W, Luo Y, Qu JY. New fluorescent compounds produced by femtosecond laser surgery in biological tissues: the mechanisms. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9:3373-3390. [PMID: 29984103 PMCID: PMC6033545 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.003373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The femtosecond laser ablation in biological tissue produces highly fluorescent compounds that are of great significance for intrinsically labelling ablated tissue in vivo and achieving imaging-guided laser microsurgery. In this study, we analyzed the molecular structures of femtosecond laser-ablated tissues using Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that though laser ablation caused carbonization, no highly fluorescent nanostructures were found in the ablated tissues. Further, we found that the fluorescence properties of the newly formed compounds were spatially heterogeneous across the ablation site and the dominant fluorescent signals exhibited close similarity to the tissue directly heated at a temperature of 200 °C. The findings of our study indicated that the new fluorescent compounds were produced via the laser heating effect and their formation mechanism likely originated from the Maillard reaction, a chemical reaction between amino acids and reducing sugars in tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongya Qin
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Qiqi Sun
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Yue Lin
- Bio-X Division, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Sicong He
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xuesong Li
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Congping Chen
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wanjie Wu
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Bio-X Division, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jianan Y. Qu
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, School of Science and Institute for Advanced Study, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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7
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Sun Q, Qin Z, Wu W, Lin Y, Chen C, He S, Li X, Wu Z, Luo Y, Qu JY. In vivo imaging-guided microsurgery based on femtosecond laser produced new fluorescent compounds in biological tissues. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9:581-590. [PMID: 29552395 PMCID: PMC5854060 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.000581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Femtosecond laser microsurgery has become an advanced method for clinical procedures and biological research. The tissue treated by femtosecond laser can become highly fluorescent, indicating the formation of new fluorescent compounds that can naturally label the treated tissue site. We systematically characterized the fluorescence signals produced by femtosecond laser ablation in biological tissues in vivo. Our findings showed that they possess unique fluorescence properties and can be clearly differentiated from endogenous signals and major fluorescent proteins. We further demonstrated that the new fluorescent compounds can be used as in vivo labelling agent for biological imaging and guided laser microsurgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Sun
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Zhongya Qin
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Wanjie Wu
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yue Lin
- Bio-X Division, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Congping Chen
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sicong He
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xuesong Li
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhenguo Wu
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, School of Science and Institute for Advanced Study, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Bio-X Division, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jianan Y. Qu
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, School of Science and Institute for Advanced Study, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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8
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Huang Y, Lui H, Zhao J, Wu Z, Zeng H. Precise Spatially Selective Photothermolysis Using Modulated Femtosecond Lasers and Real-time Multimodal Microscopy Monitoring. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:513-522. [PMID: 28255346 PMCID: PMC5327629 DOI: 10.7150/thno.17596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The successful application of lasers in the treatment of skin diseases and cosmetic surgery is largely based on the principle of conventional selective photothermolysis which relies strongly on the difference in the absorption between the therapeutic target and its surroundings. However, when the differentiation in absorption is not sufficient, collateral damage would occur due to indiscriminate and nonspecific tissue heating. To deal with such cases, we introduce a novel spatially selective photothermolysis method based on multiphoton absorption in which the radiant energy of a tightly focused near-infrared femtosecond laser beam can be directed spatially by aiming the laser focal point to the target of interest. We construct a multimodal optical microscope to perform and monitor the spatially selective photothermolysis. We demonstrate that precise alteration of the targeted tissue is achieved while leaving surrounding tissue intact by choosing appropriate femtosecond laser exposure with multimodal optical microscopy monitoring in real time.
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9
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Gehlsen U, Szaszák M, Gebert A, Koop N, Hüttmann G, Steven P. Non-Invasive Multi-Dimensional Two-Photon Microscopy enables optical fingerprinting (TPOF) of immune cells. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2015; 8:466-479. [PMID: 25186637 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201400036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal surfaces are constantly exposed to pathogens and show high immunological activity. In a broad variety of ocular surface disorders inflammation is common, but underlying mechanisms are often not fully understood. However, the main clinical problem is that inflammatory processes are difficult to characterize and quantify due to the impossibility of repeated tissue probing of the delicate ocular surface. Therefore non-invasive optical methods are thought to have the potential for intravital investigation of ocular surface inflammation. This study demonstrates the general potential of two-photon microscopy to non-invasively detect and discriminate key players of inflammation in the ocular surface by using intrinsic fluorescence-based features without the necessity of tissue probing or the use of dyes. The use of wavelength dependent measurements of fluorescence lifetime, in addition to autofluorescence intensity enables a functional differentiation of isolated immune cells in vitro at excitation wavelengths between 710 to 830 nm. Mixed cell cultures and first in vivo results indicate the use of excitation wavelength of 710 to 750 nm for further experiments and future use in patients. Two photon based autofluorescence features of immune cells enables non-invasive differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uta Gehlsen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Kerpenerstr. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany.
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10
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Mortensen LJ, Alt C, Turcotte R, Masek M, Liu TM, Côté DC, Xu C, Intini G, Lin CP. Femtosecond laser bone ablation with a high repetition rate fiber laser source. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:32-42. [PMID: 25657872 PMCID: PMC4317121 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.000032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Femtosecond laser pulses can be used to perform very precise cutting of material, including biological samples from subcellular organelles to large areas of bone, through plasma-mediated ablation. The use of a kilohertz regenerative amplifier is usually needed to obtain the pulse energy required for ablation. This work investigates a 5 megahertz compact fiber laser for near-video rate imaging and ablation in bone. After optimization of ablation efficiency and reduction in autofluorescence, the system is demonstrated for the in vivo study of bone regeneration. Image-guided creation of a bone defect and longitudinal evaluation of cellular injury response in the defect provides insight into the bone regeneration process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke J. Mortensen
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts,
USA
- Advanced Microscopy Program, Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,
USA
| | - Clemens Alt
- Advanced Microscopy Program, Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,
USA
| | - Raphaël Turcotte
- Advanced Microscopy Program, Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,
USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts,
USA
| | - Marissa Masek
- Advanced Microscopy Program, Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,
USA
| | - Tzu-Ming Liu
- Advanced Microscopy Program, Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,
USA
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei,
Taiwan
| | - Daniel C. Côté
- Centre de Recherche Université Laval Robert-Giffard, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J2G3,
Canada
| | - Chris Xu
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York,
USA
| | - Giuseppe Intini
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts,
USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts,
USA
- Co-corresponding authors
| | - Charles P. Lin
- Advanced Microscopy Program, Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,
USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts,
USA
- Co-corresponding authors
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11
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Galli R, Uckermann O, Andresen EF, Geiger KD, Koch E, Schackert G, Steiner G, Kirsch M. Intrinsic indicator of photodamage during label-free multiphoton microscopy of cells and tissues. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110295. [PMID: 25343251 PMCID: PMC4208781 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiphoton imaging has evolved as an indispensable tool in cell biology and holds prospects for clinical applications. When addressing endogenous signals such as coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) or second harmonic generation, it requires intense laser irradiation that may cause photodamage. We report that increasing endogenous fluorescence signal upon multiphoton imaging constitutes a marker of photodamage. The effect was studied on mouse brain in vivo and ex vivo, on ex vivo human brain tissue samples, as well as on glioblastoma cells in vitro, demonstrating that this phenomenon is common to a variety of different systems, both ex vivo and in vivo. CARS microscopy and vibrational spectroscopy were used to analyze the photodamage. The development of a standard easy-to-use model that employs rehydrated cryosections allowed the characterization of the irradiation-induced fluorescence and related it to nonlinear photodamage. In conclusion, the monitoring of endogenous two-photon excited fluorescence during label-free multiphoton microscopy enables to estimate damage thresholds ex vivo as well as detect photodamage during in vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Galli
- Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ortrud Uckermann
- Neurosurgery, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Elisabeth F. Andresen
- Neurosurgery, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- CRTD/DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden - Cluster of Excellence, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kathrin D. Geiger
- Neuropathology, Institute for Pathology, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Edmund Koch
- Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gabriele Schackert
- Neurosurgery, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gerald Steiner
- Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthias Kirsch
- Neurosurgery, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- CRTD/DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden - Cluster of Excellence, Dresden, Germany
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12
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Hovhannisyan V, Guo HW, Hovhannisyan A, Ghukasyan V, Buryakina T, Chen YF, Dong CY. Photo-induced processes in collagen-hypericin system revealed by fluorescence spectroscopy and multiphoton microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 5:1355-1362. [PMID: 24877000 PMCID: PMC4026910 DOI: 10.1364/boe.5.001355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Collagen is the main structural protein and the key determinant of mechanical and functional properties of tissues and organs. Proper balance between synthesis and degradation of collagen molecules is critical for maintaining normal physiological functions. In addition, collagen influences tumor development and drug delivery, which makes it a potential cancer therapy target. Using second harmonic generation, two-photon excited fluorescence microscopy, and spectrofluorimetry, we show that the natural pigment hypericin induces photosensitized destruction of collagen-based tissues. We demonstrate that hypericin-mediated processes in collagen fibers are irreversible and may be used for the treatment of cancer and collagen-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Hovhannisyan
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei106, Taiwan
| | - H. W. Guo
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei106, Taiwan
| | - A. Hovhannisyan
- Multimedia &Programming, European Regional Education Academy, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - V. Ghukasyan
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - T. Buryakina
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei106, Taiwan
| | - Y. F. Chen
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei106, Taiwan
| | - C. Y. Dong
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei106, Taiwan
- Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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Gualda EJ, Vázquez de Aldana JR, Martínez-García MC, Moreno P, Hernández-Toro J, Roso L, Artal P, Bueno JM. Femtosecond infrared intrastromal ablation and backscattering-mode adaptive-optics multiphoton microscopy in chicken corneas. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 2:2950-60. [PMID: 22076258 PMCID: PMC3207366 DOI: 10.1364/boe.2.002950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The performance of femtosecond (fs) laser intrastromal ablation was evaluated with backscattering-mode adaptive-optics multiphoton microscopy in ex vivo chicken corneas. The pulse energy of the fs source used for ablation was set to generate two different ablation patterns within the corneal stroma at a certain depth. Intrastromal patterns were imaged with a custom adaptive-optics multiphoton microscope to determine the accuracy of the procedure and verify the outcomes. This study demonstrates the potential of using fs pulses as surgical and monitoring techniques to systematically investigate intratissue ablation. Further refinement of the experimental system by combining both functions into a single fs laser system would be the basis to establish new techniques capable of monitoring corneal surgery without labeling in real-time. Since the backscattering configuration has also been optimized, future in vivo implementations would also be of interest in clinical environments involving corneal ablation procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio J. Gualda
- Laboratorio de Óptica, Centro de Investigación en Óptica y Nanofísica, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo (Edificio 34), 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Javier R. Vázquez de Aldana
- Grupo de Investigación en Microprocesado de Materiales con Láser,Plaza de la Merced s/n, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - M. Carmen Martínez-García
- Departamento Biología Celular, Histología y Farmacología,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Pablo Moreno
- Grupo de Investigación en Microprocesado de Materiales con Láser,Plaza de la Merced s/n, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Juan Hernández-Toro
- Grupo de Investigación en Microprocesado de Materiales con Láser,Plaza de la Merced s/n, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Luis Roso
- Centro de Láseres Pulsados Ultracortos y Ultraintensos (CLPU), Plaza de la Merced s/n, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Pablo Artal
- Laboratorio de Óptica, Centro de Investigación en Óptica y Nanofísica, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo (Edificio 34), 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan M. Bueno
- Laboratorio de Óptica, Centro de Investigación en Óptica y Nanofísica, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo (Edificio 34), 30100 Murcia, Spain
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Tseng JY, Ghazaryan AA, Lo W, Chen YF, Hovhannisyan V, Chen SJ, Tan HY, Dong CY. Multiphoton spectral microscopy for imaging and quantification of tissue glycation. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 2:218-30. [PMID: 21339868 PMCID: PMC3038438 DOI: 10.1364/boe.2.000218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Revised: 11/14/2010] [Accepted: 12/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Tissue glycation from diabetes and aging can result in complications such as renal failure, blindness, nerve damage and vascular diseases. In this work, we applied multiphoton microscopy for imaging and characterizing the extent of tissue glycation. The characteristic features of multiphoton autofluorescence (MPAF) and second harmonic generation (SHG) images as well as MPAF spectra of glycated bovine skin, cornea and aorta were acquired. The analysis of MPAF intensity change accompanying the glycation process shows that collagen is more responsive to the formation of autofluorescent advanced glycation endproducts (AGE) than elastic fibers. Changes in spectral features were also used to estimate the rate of glycation in tissues with intrinsic AF. Our study shows that multiphton imaging may be used for the in vitro investigation of the effects of tissue glycation and that this approach may be used for monitoring AGE formation in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo-Ya Tseng
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Ara A. Ghazaryan
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Wen Lo
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Fang Chen
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | | | - Shean-Jen Chen
- Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yuan Tan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Linko, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yuan Dong
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Biomedical Molecular Imaging Core, Division of Genomic Medicine, Research Center for Medical Excellence, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Hovhannisyan V, Ghazaryan A, Chen YF, Chen SJ, Dong CY. Photophysical mechanisms of collagen modification by 80 MHz femtosecond laser. OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 18:24037-47. [PMID: 21164751 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.024037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Photophysical mechanisms of collagen photomodification (CFP) by the use of a 80 MHz, 780 nm femtosecond titanium-sapphire laser were investigated. Our observation that the decrease in collagen second harmonic generation and increase in two-photon autofluorescence intensity occurred primarily at sites where photoproducts were present suggested that the photoproducts may act to facilitate the CFP process. Laser power study of CFP indicated that the efficiency of the process depended on the sixth power of the laser intensity. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that CFP can be used for bending and cutting of collagen fibers and creating 3D patterns within collagen matrix with high precision (~2 μm).
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Lo W, Chang YL, Liu JS, Hseuh CM, Hovhannisyan V, Chen SJ, Tan HY, Dong CY. Multimodal, multiphoton microscopy and image correlation analysis for characterizing corneal thermal damage. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2009; 14:054003. [PMID: 19895105 DOI: 10.1117/1.3213602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We used the combination of multiphoton autofluorescence (MAF), forward second-harmonic generation (FWSHG), and backward second-harmonic generation (BWSHG) imaging for the qualitative and quantitative characterization of thermal damage of ex vivo bovine cornea. We attempt to characterize the structural alterations by qualitative MAF, FWSHG, and BWSHG imaging in the temperature range of 37 to 90 degrees C. In addition to measuring the absolute changes in the three types of signals at the stromal surface, we also performed image correlation analysis between FWSHG and BWSHG and demonstrate that with increasing thermal damage, image correlation between FWSHG and BWSHG significantly increases. Our results show that while MAF and BWSHG intensities may be used as preliminary indicators of the extent of corneal thermal damage, the most sensitive measures are provided by the decay in FWSHG intensity and the convergence of FWSHG and BWSHG images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Lo
- National Taiwan University, Department of Physics and Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Tainan, Taiwan
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