1
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Huang-Fu ZC, Qian Y, Zhang T, Brown JB, Rao Y. Development of phase-cycling interface-specific two-dimensional electronic sum frequency generation (2D-ESFG) spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:114201. [PMID: 39291691 DOI: 10.1063/5.0227560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2D-ES) has become an important technique for studying energy transfer, electronic coupling, and electronic-vibrational coherence in the past ten years. However, since 2D-ES is not interface specific, the electronic information at surfaces and interfaces could not be demonstrated clearly. Two-dimensional electronic sum-frequency generation (2D-ESFG) is an emerging spectroscopic technique that explores the correlations between different interfacial electronic transitions and is the extension of 2D-ES to surface and interfacial specificity. In this work, we present the detailed development and implementation of phase-cycling 2D-ESFG spectroscopy using an acousto-optic pulse shaper in a pump-probe geometry. With the pulse pair generated by a pulse shaper rather than optical devices based on birefringence or interference, this 2D-ESFG setup enables rapid scanning, phase cycling, and the separation of rephasing and nonrephasing signals. In addition, by collecting data in a rotating frame, we greatly improve experimental efficiency. We demonstrate the method for azo-derivative molecules at the air/water interface. This method could be readily extended to different interfaces and surfaces. The unique phase-cycling 2D-ESFG technique enables one to quantify the energy transfer, charge transfer, electronic coupling, and many other electronic properties and dynamics at surfaces and interfaces with precision and relative ease of use. Our goal in this article is to present the fine details of the fourth-order nonlinear optical technique in a manner that is comprehensive, succinct, and approachable such that other researchers can implement, improve, and adapt it to probe unique and innovative problems to advance the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Chao Huang-Fu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, USA
| | - Yuqin Qian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, USA
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, USA
| | - Jesse B Brown
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, USA
| | - Yi Rao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, USA
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2
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Casas AM, Idris NS, Wen V, Patterson JP, Ge NH. Scattering Elimination in 2D IR Immune from Detector Artifacts. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:8835-8845. [PMID: 39188212 PMCID: PMC11403676 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c04220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Highly scattering samples, such as polymer droplets or solid-state powders, are difficult to study via coherent two-dimensional infrared (2D IR) spectroscopy. Previously, researchers have employed (quasi-) phase cycling, local-oscillator chopping, and polarization control to reduce scattering, but the latter method poses a limit on polarization-dependent measurements. Here, we present a method for Scattering Elimination Immune from Detector Artifacts (SEIFDA) in pump-probe 2D IR experiments. Our method extends the negative probe delay method of removing scattering from pump-probe spectroscopy to 2D experiments. SEIFDA works well for all polarizations when combined with the optimized noise reduction scheme to remove additive and multiplicative noise. We demonstrate that our method can be employed with any polarization scheme and reliably lowers the scattering at parallel polarization to comparable levels to the conventional 8-frame phase cycling with probe chopping (8FPCPC) at perpendicular polarization. Our system can acquire artifact free spectra in parallel polarization when the signal intensity is as little as 5% of the intensity of the interference between the pump pulses scattered into the detector. It reduces the time required to characterize the scattering term by at least 50% over 8FPCPC. Through detailed analysis of detector nonlinearity, we show that the performance of 8FPCPC can be improved by incorporating nonlinear correction factors, but it is still worse than that of SEIFDA. Application of SEIFDA to study the encapsulation of Nile red in polymer droplets demonstrates that this method will be very useful for probing highly scattering systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneka Miller Casas
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Nehal S Idris
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Victor Wen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Joseph P Patterson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Nien-Hui Ge
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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3
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O'Connor JP, Schultz JD, Tcyrulnikov NA, Kim T, Young RM, Wasielewski MR. Distinct vibrational motions promote disparate excited-state decay pathways in cofacial perylenediimide dimers. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:074306. [PMID: 39145558 DOI: 10.1063/5.0218752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
A complex interplay of structural, electronic, and vibrational degrees of freedom underpins the fate of molecular excited states. Organic assemblies exhibit a myriad of excited-state decay processes, such as symmetry-breaking charge separation (SB-CS), excimer (EX) formation, singlet fission, and energy transfer. Recent studies of cofacial and slip-stacked perylene-3,4:9,10-bis(dicarboximide) (PDI) multimers demonstrate that slight variations in core substituents and H- or J-type aggregation can determine whether the system follows an SB-CS pathway or an EX one. However, questions regarding the relative importance of structural properties and molecular vibrations in driving the excited-state dynamics remain. Here, we use a combination of two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy, femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy, and quantum chemistry computations to compare the photophysics of two PDI dimers. The dimer with 1,7-bis(pyrrolidin-1'-yl) substituents (5PDI2) undergoes ultrafast SB-CS from a photoexcited mixed state, while the dimer with bis-1,7-(3',5'-di-t-butylphenoxy) substituents (PPDI2) rapidly forms an EX state. Examination of their quantum beating features reveals that SB-CS in 5PDI2 is driven by the collective vibronic coupling of two or more excited-state vibrations. In contrast, we observe signatures of low-frequency vibrational coherence transfer during EX formation by PPDI2, which aligns with several previous studies. We conclude that key electronic and structural differences between 5PDI2 and PPDI2 determine their markedly different photophysics.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P O'Connor
- Department of Chemistry and Paula M. Trienens Institute for Sustainability and Energy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA
| | - Jonathan D Schultz
- Department of Chemistry and Paula M. Trienens Institute for Sustainability and Energy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA
| | - Nikolai A Tcyrulnikov
- Department of Chemistry and Paula M. Trienens Institute for Sustainability and Energy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA
| | - Taeyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Paula M. Trienens Institute for Sustainability and Energy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA
| | - Ryan M Young
- Department of Chemistry and Paula M. Trienens Institute for Sustainability and Energy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA
| | - Michael R Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry and Paula M. Trienens Institute for Sustainability and Energy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA
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4
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Huang-Fu ZC, Tkachenko NV, Qian Y, Zhang T, Brown JB, Harutyunyan A, Chen G, Rao Y. Conical Intersections at Interfaces Revealed by Phase-Cycling Interface-Specific Two-Dimensional Electronic Spectroscopy (i2D-ES). J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 39037260 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c06035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Conical intersections (CIs) hold significant stake in manipulating and controlling photochemical reaction pathways of molecules at interfaces and surfaces by affecting molecular dynamics therein. Currently, there is no tool for characterizing CIs at interfaces and surfaces. To this end, we have developed phase-cycling interface-specific two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (i2D-ES) and combined it with advanced computational modeling to explore nonadiabatic CI dynamics of molecules at the air/water interface. Specifically, we integrated the phase locked pump pulse pair with an interface-specific electronic probe to obtain the two-dimensional interface-specific responses. We demonstrate that the nonadiabatic transitions of an interface-active azo dye molecule that occur through the CIs at the interface have different kinetic pathways from those in the bulk water. Upon photoexcitation, two CIs are present: one from an intersection of an optically active S2 state with a dark S1 state and the other from the intersection of the progressed S1 with the ground state S0. We find that the molecular conformations in the ground state are different for interfacial molecules. The interfacial molecules are intimately correlated with the locally populated excited state S2 being farther away from the CI region. This leads to slower nonadiabatic dynamics at the interface than in bulk water. Moreover, we show that the nonadiabatic transition from the S1 dark state to the ground state is significantly longer at the interface than that in the bulk, which is likely due to the orientationally restricted configuration of the excited state at the interface. Our findings suggest that orientational configurations of molecules manipulate reaction pathways at interfaces and surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Chao Huang-Fu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
| | - Nikolay V Tkachenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
| | - Yuqin Qian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
| | - Jesse B Brown
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
| | - Avetik Harutyunyan
- Honda Research Institute, USA, Inc., San Jose, California 95134, United States
| | - Gugang Chen
- Honda Research Institute, USA, Inc., San Jose, California 95134, United States
| | - Yi Rao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
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5
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Barclay MS, Wright ND, Cavanaugh P, Pensack RD, Martin EW, Turner DB. Ultrabroadband two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy in the pump-probe geometry using conventional optics. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:2065-2068. [PMID: 38621077 DOI: 10.1364/ol.519387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
We report ultrabroadband two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2D ES) measurements obtained in the pump-probe geometry using conventional optics. A phase-stabilized Michelson interferometer provides the pump-pulse delay interval, τ1, necessary to obtain the excitation-frequency dimension. Spectral resolution of the probe beam provides the detection-frequency dimension, ω3. The interferometer incorporates active phase stabilization via a piezo stage and feedback from interference of a continuous-wave reference laser detected in quadrature. To demonstrate the method, we measured a well-characterized laser dye sample and obtained the known peak structure. The vibronic peaks are modulated as a function of the waiting time, τ2, by vibrational wave packets. The interferometer simplifies ultrabroadband 2D ES measurements and analysis.
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6
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Sanders SE, Zhang M, Javed A, Ogilvie JP. Expanding the bandwidth of fluorescence-detected two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy using a broadband continuum probe pulse pair. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:8887-8902. [PMID: 38571135 DOI: 10.1364/oe.516963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
We demonstrate fluorescence-detected two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (F-2DES) with a broadband, continuum probe pulse pair in the pump-probe geometry. The approach combines a pump pulse pair generated by an acousto-optic pulse-shaper with precise control of the relative pump pulse phase and time delay with a broadband, continuum probe pulse pair created using the Translating Wedge-based Identical pulses eNcoding System (TWINS). The continuum probe expands the spectral range of the detection axis and lengthens the waiting times that can be accessed in comparison to implementations of F-2DES using a single pulse-shaper. We employ phase-cycling of the pump pulse pair and take advantage of the separation of signals in the frequency domain to isolate rephasing and non-rephasing signals and optimize the signal-to-noise ratio. As proof of principle, we demonstrate broadband F-2DES on a laser dye and bacteriochlorophyll a.
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7
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Cai MR, Zhang X, Cheng ZQ, Yan TF, Dong H. Extracting double-quantum coherence in two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy under pump-probe geometry. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2024; 95:033006. [PMID: 38497835 DOI: 10.1063/5.0198255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) can be implemented with different geometries, e.g., BOXCARS, collinear, and pump-probe geometries. The pump-probe geometry has the advantage of overlapping only two beams and reducing phase cycling steps. However, its applications are typically limited to observing the dynamics with single-quantum coherence and population, leaving the challenge to measure the dynamics of the double-quantum (2Q) coherence, which reflects the many-body interactions. We demonstrate an experimental technique in 2DES under pump-probe geometry with a designed pulse sequence and the signal processing method to extract 2Q coherence. In the designed pulse sequence, with the probe pulse arriving earlier than the pump pulses, our measured signal includes the 2Q signal as well as the zero-quantum signal. With phase cycling and data processing using causality enforcement, we extract the 2Q signal. The proposal is demonstrated with rubidium atoms. We observe the collective resonances of two-body dipole-dipole interactions in both the D1 and D2 lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Rui Cai
- Graduate School of China Academy of Engineering Physics, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Graduate School of China Academy of Engineering Physics, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zi-Qian Cheng
- Graduate School of China Academy of Engineering Physics, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Teng-Fei Yan
- School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Graduate School of China Academy of Engineering Physics, Beijing 100193, China
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8
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Jonušas M, Bournet Q, Bonvalet A, Natile M, Guichard F, Zaouter Y, Georges P, Druon F, Hanna M, Joffre M. Chirped pulse upconversion for femtosecond mid-infrared spectroscopy at 100 kHz. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:8020-8029. [PMID: 38439469 DOI: 10.1364/oe.515291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
We demonstrate that chirped pulse up-conversion (CPU), a method routinely used with systems based on 1-kHz Titanium:Sapphire lasers, can be extended to a repetition rate of 100 kHz with an Ytterbium diode-pumped femtosecond amplifier. Individual mid-infrared spectra can thus be measured directly in the near infrared using a fast CMOS linescan camera. After an appropriate Fourier processing, a spectral resolution of 1.1 cm-1 is reported, currently limited by our spectrometer. Additionally, we demonstrate the application of CPU to a pump-probe measurement of the vibrational relaxation in carboxy-hemoglobin, and we show that the combination of fast scanning and fast acquisition enables a straightforward removal of pump scattering interference.
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9
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Nguyen HL, Do TN, Zhong K, Akhtar P, Jansen TLC, Knoester J, Caffarri S, Lambrev P, Tan HS. Inter-subunit energy transfer processes in a minimal plant photosystem II supercomplex. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadh0911. [PMID: 38394196 PMCID: PMC10889429 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh0911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) is an integral part of the photosynthesis machinery, in which several light-harvesting complexes rely on inter-complex excitonic energy transfer (EET) processes to channel energy to the reaction center. In this paper, we report on a direct observation of the inter-complex EET in a minimal PSII supercomplex from plants, containing the trimeric light-harvesting complex II (LHCII), the monomeric light-harvesting complex CP26, and the monomeric PSII core complex. Using two-dimensional (2D) electronic spectroscopy, we measure an inter-complex EET timescale of 50 picoseconds for excitations from the LHCII-CP26 peripheral antenna to the PSII core. The 2D electronic spectra also reveal that the transfer timescale is nearly constant over the pump spectrum of 600 to 700 nanometers. Structure-based calculations reveal the contribution of each antenna complex to the measured inter-complex EET time. These results provide a step in elucidating the full inter-complex energy transfer network of the PSII machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Long Nguyen
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Thanh Nhut Do
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - Kai Zhong
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Parveen Akhtar
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Nonprofit Limited, Wolfgang Sandner utca 3, Szeged 6728, Hungary
- HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Temesvári körút 62, Szeged 6726, Hungary
| | - Thomas L. C. Jansen
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jasper Knoester
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
- Faculty of Science, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Stefano Caffarri
- Aix Marseille Université, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, LGBP, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Petar Lambrev
- HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Temesvári körút 62, Szeged 6726, Hungary
| | - Howe-Siang Tan
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
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10
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Kefer O, Kolesnichenko PV, Buckup T. Two-dimensional coherent electronic spectrometer with switchable multi-color configurations. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2024; 95:023003. [PMID: 38416044 DOI: 10.1063/5.0186915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Broadband implementation of two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) is a desirable goal for numerous research groups, yet achieving it presents considerable challenges. An effective strategy to mitigate these challenges is the utilization of two-color approaches, effectively broadening the spectral bandwidth accessible with 2DES. Here, we present a simple approach to include multi-color configurations based on adjustable mirror mounts. This enables seamless toggling between single-color, two-color, and transient 2DES within the same spectroscopic apparatus, which is benchmarked on two common laser dyes, Rhodamine 6G and Nile blue. Upon mixing the dyes, single-color 2DES shows overlapping signals, whereas a high selectivity toward Nile blue responses is maintained in two-color and transient 2DES, owing to the fully resonant excitation that is spectrally shifted relative to the detection window. This method is readily implemented in other setups with similar experimental layouts and can be used as a simple solution to overcome existing bandwidth limitations. With the inclusion of transient 2DES, additional insights into excited-state processes can be gained due to its increased sensitivity toward excited-state coherences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Kefer
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pavel V Kolesnichenko
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tiago Buckup
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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11
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Cai MR, Zhang X, Cheng ZQ, Yan TF, Dong H. Cross-phase modulation in two-dimensional spectroscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:2929-2941. [PMID: 38297529 DOI: 10.1364/oe.503686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Developing from transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy, two-dimensional (2D) spectroscopy with pump-probe geometry has emerged as a versatile approach for alleviating the difficulty in implementing 2D spectroscopy with other geometries. However, the presence of cross-phase modulation (XPM) in TA spectroscopy introduces significant spectral distortions, particularly when the pump and probe pulses overlap. We demonstrate that this phenomenon is extended to the 2D spectroscopy with pump-probe geometry and the XPM is induced by the interference of the two pump pulses. We present the oscillatory behavior of XPM in the 2D spectrum and its displacement with respect to the waiting time delay through both experimental measurements and numerical simulations. Additionally, we explore the influence of probe pulse chirp on XPM and discover that by compressing the chirp, the impact of XPM on the desired signal can be reduced.
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12
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Hill TD, Basnet S, Lepird HH, Rightnowar BW, Moran SD. Anisotropic dynamics of an interfacial enzyme active site observed using tethered substrate analogs and ultrafast 2D IR spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:165101. [PMID: 37870142 PMCID: PMC10597647 DOI: 10.1063/5.0167991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Enzymes accelerate the rates of biomolecular reactions by many orders of magnitude compared to bulk solution, and it is widely understood that this catalytic effect arises from a combination of polar pre-organization and electrostatic transition state stabilization. A number of recent reports have also implicated ultrafast (femtosecond-picosecond) timescale motions in enzymatic activity. However, complications arising from spatially-distributed disorder, the occurrence of multiple substrate binding modes, and the influence of hydration dynamics on solvent-exposed active sites still confound many experimental studies. Here we use ultrafast two-dimensional infrared (2D IR) spectroscopy and covalently-tethered substrate analogs to examine dynamical properties of the promiscuous Pyrococcus horikoshii ene-reductase (PhENR) active site in two binding configurations mimicking proposed "inactive" and "reactive" Michaelis complexes. Spectral diffusion measurements of aryl-nitrile substrate analogs reveal an end-to-end tradeoff between fast (sub-ps) and slow (>5 ps) motions. Fermi resonant aryl-azide analogs that sense interactions of coupled oscillators are described. Lineshape and quantum beat analyses of these probes reveal characteristics that correlate with aryl-nitrile frequency fluctuation correlation functions parameters, demonstrating that this anisotropy is an intrinsic property of the water-exposed active site, where countervailing gradients of fast dynamics and disorder in the reactant ground state are maintained near the hydration interface. Our results suggest several plausible factors leading to state-selective rate enhancement and promiscuity in PhENR. This study also highlights a strategy to detect perturbations to vibrational modes outside the transparent window of the mid-IR spectrum, which may be extended to other macromolecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sunil Basnet
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Sciences, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 1245 Lincoln Drive MC 4409, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, USA
| | - Hannah H. Lepird
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Sciences, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 1245 Lincoln Drive MC 4409, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, USA
| | - Blaze W. Rightnowar
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Sciences, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 1245 Lincoln Drive MC 4409, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, USA
| | - Sean D. Moran
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Sciences, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 1245 Lincoln Drive MC 4409, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, USA
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13
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Manrho M, Krishnaswamy SR, Kriete B, Patmanidis I, de Vries AH, Marrink SJ, Jansen TLC, Knoester J, Pshenichnikov MS. Watching Molecular Nanotubes Self-Assemble in Real Time. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:22494-22503. [PMID: 37800477 PMCID: PMC10591479 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Molecular self-assembly is a fundamental process in nature that can be used to develop novel functional materials for medical and engineering applications. However, their complex mechanisms make the short-lived stages of self-assembly processes extremely hard to reveal. In this article, we track the self-assembly process of a benchmark system, double-walled molecular nanotubes, whose structure is similar to that found in biological and synthetic systems. We selectively dissolved the outer wall of the double-walled system and used the inner wall as a template for the self-reassembly of the outer wall. The reassembly kinetics were followed in real time using a combination of microfluidics, spectroscopy, cryogenic transmission electron microscopy, molecular dynamics simulations, and exciton modeling. We found that the outer wall self-assembles through a transient disordered patchwork structure: first, several patches of different orientations are formed, and only on a longer time scale will the patches interact with each other and assume their final preferred global orientation. The understanding of patch formation and patch reorientation marks a crucial step toward steering self-assembly processes and subsequent material engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marìck Manrho
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sundar Raj Krishnaswamy
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Björn Kriete
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ilias Patmanidis
- Groningen
Biomolecular Sciences and Biothechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747
AG Groningen, The
Netherlands
- Department
of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Alex H. de Vries
- Groningen
Biomolecular Sciences and Biothechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747
AG Groningen, The
Netherlands
| | - Siewert J. Marrink
- Groningen
Biomolecular Sciences and Biothechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747
AG Groningen, The
Netherlands
| | - Thomas L. C. Jansen
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper Knoester
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Faculty
of Science, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maxim S. Pshenichnikov
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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14
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Yang J, Gelin MF, Chen L, Šanda F, Thyrhaug E, Hauer J. Two-dimensional fluorescence excitation spectroscopy: A novel technique for monitoring excited-state photophysics of molecular species with high time and frequency resolution. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:074201. [PMID: 37581414 DOI: 10.1063/5.0156297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We propose a novel UV/Vis femtosecond spectroscopic technique, two-dimensional fluorescence-excitation (2D-FLEX) spectroscopy, which combines spectral resolution during the excitation process with exclusive monitoring of the excited-state system dynamics at high time and frequency resolution. We discuss the experimental feasibility and realizability of 2D-FLEX, develop the necessary theoretical framework, and demonstrate the high information content of this technique by simulating the 2D-FLEX spectra of a model four-level system and the Fenna-Matthews-Olson antenna complex. We show that the evolution of 2D-FLEX spectra with population time directly monitors energy transfer dynamics and can thus yield direct qualitative insight into the investigated system. This makes 2D-FLEX a highly efficient instrument for real-time monitoring of photophysical processes in polyatomic molecules and molecular aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Yang
- School of Sciences, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Maxim F Gelin
- School of Sciences, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | | | - František Šanda
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, 12116 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Erling Thyrhaug
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hauer
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, D-85747 Garching, Germany
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15
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Donaldson PM, Greetham GM, Middleton CT, Luther BM, Zanni MT, Hamm P, Krummel AT. Breaking Barriers in Ultrafast Spectroscopy and Imaging Using 100 kHz Amplified Yb-Laser Systems. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:2062-2071. [PMID: 37429010 PMCID: PMC10809409 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusUltrafast spectroscopy and imaging have become tools utilized by a broad range of scientists involved in materials, energy, biological, and chemical sciences. Commercialization of ultrafast spectrometers including transient absorption spectrometers, vibrational sum frequency generation spectrometers, and even multidimensional spectrometers have put these advanced spectroscopy measurements into the hands of practitioners originally outside the field of ultrafast spectroscopy. There is now a technology shift occurring in ultrafast spectroscopy, made possible by new Yb-based lasers, that is opening exciting new experiments in the chemical and physical sciences. Amplified Yb-based lasers are not only more compact and efficient than their predecessors but also, most importantly, operate at many times the repetition rate with improved noise characteristics in comparison to the previous generation of Ti:sapphire amplifier technologies. Taken together, these attributes are enabling new experiments, generating improvements to long-standing techniques, and affording the transformation of spectroscopies to microscopies. This Account aims to show that the shift to 100 kHz lasers is a transformative step in nonlinear spectroscopy and imaging, much like the dramatic expansion that occurred with the commercialization of Ti:sapphire laser systems in the 1990s. The impact of this technology will be felt across a great swath of scientific communities. We first describe the technology landscape of amplified Yb-based laser systems used in conjunction with 100 kHz spectrometers operating with shot-to-shot pulse shaping and detection. We also identify the range of different parametric conversion and supercontinuum techniques which now provide a path to making pulses of light optimal for ultrafast spectroscopy. Second, we describe specific instances from our laboratories of how the amplified Yb-based light sources and spectrometers are transformative. For multiple probe time-resolved infrared and transient 2D IR spectroscopy, the gain in temporal span and signal-to-noise enables dynamical spectroscopy measurements from femtoseconds to seconds. These gains widen the applicability of time-resolved infrared techniques across a range of topics in photochemistry, photocatalysis, and photobiology as well as lower the technical barriers to implementation in a laboratory. For 2D visible spectroscopy and microscopy with white light, as well as 2D IR imaging, the high repetition rates of these new Yb-based light sources allow one to spatially map 2D spectra while maintaining high signal-to-noise in the data. To illustrate the gains, we provide examples of imaging applications in the study of photovoltaic materials and spectroelectrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M. Donaldson
- Central
Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Greg M. Greetham
- Central
Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Chris T. Middleton
- PhaseTech
Spectroscopy, Inc., 4916
East Broadway, Suite 125, Madison, Wisconsin 53716, United States
| | - Bradley M. Luther
- Colorado
State University, Department of Chemistry, 200 W. Lake Street, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Martin T. Zanni
- University
of Wisconsin, Department of Chemistry, Room 8361, 1101 University Ave., Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Peter Hamm
- University
of Zurich, Department of Chemistry, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Amber T. Krummel
- Colorado
State University, Department of Chemistry, 200 W. Lake Street, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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16
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Perosa G, Wätzel J, Garzella D, Allaria E, Bonanomi M, Danailov MB, Brynes A, Callegari C, De Ninno G, Demidovich A, Di Fraia M, Di Mitri S, Giannessi L, Manfredda M, Novinec L, Pal N, Penco G, Plekan O, Prince KC, Simoncig A, Spampinati S, Spezzani C, Zangrando M, Berakdar J, Feifel R, Squibb RJ, Coffee R, Hemsing E, Roussel E, Sansone G, McNeil BWJ, Ribič PR. Femtosecond Polarization Shaping of Free-Electron Laser Pulses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:045001. [PMID: 37566861 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.045001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the generation of extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) free-electron laser (FEL) pulses with time-dependent polarization. To achieve polarization modulation on a femtosecond timescale, we combine two mutually delayed counterrotating circularly polarized subpulses from two cross-polarized undulators. The polarization profile of the pulses is probed by angle-resolved photoemission and above-threshold ionization of helium; the results agree with solutions of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. The stability limit of the scheme is mainly set by electron-beam energy fluctuations, however, at a level that will not compromise experiments in the XUV. Our results demonstrate the potential to improve the resolution and element selectivity of methods based on polarization shaping and may lead to the development of new coherent control schemes for probing and manipulating core electrons in matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Perosa
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Jonas Wätzel
- Institut für Physik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - David Garzella
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Enrico Allaria
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Matteo Bonanomi
- Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | | | | | - Carlo Callegari
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giovanni De Ninno
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
- Laboratory of Quantum Optics, University of Nova Gorica, 5001 Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | | | - Michele Di Fraia
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 34149 Basovizza, Italy
| | - Simone Di Mitri
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Luca Giannessi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
- ENEA C.R. Frascati, 00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy
| | | | - Luka Novinec
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Nitish Pal
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Penco
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Oksana Plekan
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Kevin C Prince
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | | | | | - Carlo Spezzani
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marco Zangrando
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 34149 Basovizza, Italy
| | - Jamal Berakdar
- Institut für Physik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Raimund Feifel
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, 41133 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Richard J Squibb
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, 41133 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ryan Coffee
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Erik Hemsing
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Eléonore Roussel
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523 - PhLAM - Physique des Lasers Atomes et Molécules, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Giuseppe Sansone
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Brian W J McNeil
- University of Strathclyde (SUPA), Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
- Cockcroft Institute, Warrington WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
- ASTeC, STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
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17
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Huang-Fu ZC, Qian Y, Deng GH, Zhang T, Schmidt S, Brown J, Rao Y. Development of Two-Dimensional Electronic-Vibrational Sum Frequency Generation (2D-EVSFG) for Vibronic and Solvent Couplings of Molecules at Interfaces and Surfaces. ACS PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY AU 2023; 3:374-385. [PMID: 37520317 PMCID: PMC10375875 DOI: 10.1021/acsphyschemau.3c00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Many photoinduced excited states' relaxation processes and chemical reactions occur at interfaces and surfaces, including charge transfer, energy transfer, proton transfer, proton-coupled electron transfer, configurational dynamics, conical intersections, etc. Of them, interactions of electronic and vibrational motions, namely, vibronic couplings, are the main determining factors for the relaxation processes or reaction pathways. However, time-resolved electronic-vibrational spectroscopy for interfaces and surfaces is lacking. Here we develop interface/surface-specific two-dimensional electronic-vibrational sum frequency generation spectroscopy (2D-EVSFG) for time-dependent vibronic coupling of excited states at interfaces and surfaces. We further demonstrate the fourth-order technique by investigating vibronic coupling, solvent correlation, and time evolution of the coupling for photoexcited interface-active molecules, crystal violet (CV), at the air/water interface as an example. The two vibronic absorption peaks for CV molecules at the interface from the 2D-EVSFG experiments were found to be more prominent than their counterparts in bulk from 2D-EV. Quantitative analysis of the vibronic peaks in 2D-EVSFG suggested that a non-Condon process participates in the photoexcitation of CV at the interface. We further reveal vibrational solvent coupling for the zeroth level on the electronic state with respect to that on the ground state, which is directly related to the magnitude of its change in solvent reorganization energy. The change in the solvent reorganization energy at the interface is much smaller than that in bulk methanol. Time-dependent center line slopes (CLSs) of 2D-EVSFG also showed that kinetic behaviors of CV at the air/water interface are significantly different from those in bulk methanol. Our ultrafast 2D-EVSFG experiments not only offer vibrational information on both excited states and the ground state as compared with the traditional doubly resonant sum frequency generation and electronic-vibrational coupling but also provide vibronic coupling, dynamical solvent effects, and time evolution of vibronic coupling at interfaces.
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18
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Nguyen HH, Song Y, Maret EL, Silori Y, Willow R, Yocum CF, Ogilvie JP. Charge separation in the photosystem II reaction center resolved by multispectral two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade7190. [PMID: 37134172 PMCID: PMC10156117 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade7190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The photosystem II reaction center (PSII RC) performs the primary energy conversion steps of oxygenic photosynthesis. While the PSII RC has been studied extensively, the similar time scales of energy transfer and charge separation and the severely overlapping pigment transitions in the Qy region have led to multiple models of its charge separation mechanism and excitonic structure. Here, we combine two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) with a continuum probe and two-dimensional electronic vibrational spectroscopy (2DEV) to study the cyt b559-D1D2 PSII RC at 77 K. This multispectral combination correlates the overlapping Qy excitons with distinct anion and pigment-specific Qx and mid-infrared transitions to resolve the charge separation mechanism and excitonic structure. Through extensive simultaneous analysis of the multispectral 2D data, we find that charge separation proceeds on multiple time scales from a delocalized excited state via a single pathway in which PheoD1 is the primary electron acceptor, while ChlD1 and PD1 act in concert as the primary electron donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang H Nguyen
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, University of Michigan, 450 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yin Song
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, University of Michigan, 450 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Elizabeth L Maret
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, University of Michigan, 450 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yogita Silori
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, University of Michigan, 450 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Rhiannon Willow
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, University of Michigan, 450 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Charles F Yocum
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology and Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 450 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jennifer P Ogilvie
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, University of Michigan, 450 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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19
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Hanes AT, Grieco C, Lalisse RF, Hadad CM, Kohler B. Vibrational relaxation by methylated xanthines in solution: Insights from 2D IR spectroscopy and calculations. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:044302. [PMID: 36725522 DOI: 10.1063/5.0135412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional infrared (2D IR) spectroscopy, infrared pump-infrared probe spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations were used to study vibrational relaxation by ring and carbonyl stretching modes in a series of methylated xanthine derivatives in acetonitrile and deuterium oxide (heavy water). Isotropic signals from the excited symmetric and asymmetric carbonyl stretch modes decay biexponentially in both solvents. Coherent energy transfer between the symmetric and asymmetric carbonyl stretching modes gives rise to a quantum beat in the time-dependent anisotropy signals. The damping time of the coherent oscillation agrees with the fast decay component of the carbonyl bleach recovery signals, indicating that this time constant reflects intramolecular vibrational redistribution (IVR) to other solute modes. Despite their similar frequencies, the excited ring modes decay monoexponentially with a time constant that matches the slow decay component of the carbonyl modes. The slow decay times, which are faster in heavy water than in acetonitrile, approximately match the ones observed in previous UV pump-IR probe measurements on the same compounds. The slow component is assigned to intermolecular energy transfer to solvent bath modes from low-frequency solute modes, which are populated by IVR and are anharmonically coupled to the carbonyl and ring stretch modes. 2D IR measurements indicate that the carbonyl stretching modes are weakly coupled to the delocalized ring modes, resulting in slow exchange that cannot explain the common solvent-dependence. IVR is suggested to occur at different rates for the carbonyl vs ring modes due to differences in mode-specific couplings and not to differences in the density of accessible states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex T Hanes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Christopher Grieco
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Remy F Lalisse
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Christopher M Hadad
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Bern Kohler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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20
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Al-Mualem ZA, Chen X, Shirley JC, Xu C, Baiz CR. BoxCARS 2D IR spectroscopy with pulse shaping. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:2700-2709. [PMID: 36785278 PMCID: PMC10018786 DOI: 10.1364/oe.471984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BoxCARS and pump-probe geometries are common implementations of two-dimensional infrared (2D IR) spectroscopy. BoxCARS is background-free, generally offering greater signal-to-noise ratio, which enables measuring weak vibrational echo signals. Pulse shapers have been implemented in the pump-probe geometry to accelerate data collection and suppress scatter and other unwanted signals by precise control of the pump-pulse delay and carrier phase. Here, we introduce a 2D-IR optical setup in the BoxCARS geometry that implements a pulse shaper for rapid acquisition of background-free 2D IR spectra. We show a signal-to-noise improvement using this new fast-scan BoxCARS setup versus the pump-probe geometry within the same configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziareena A. Al-Mualem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 E 24th Street, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Authors contributed equally
| | - Xiaobing Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 E 24th Street, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Authors contributed equally
| | - Joseph C. Shirley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 E 24th Street, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Cong Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 E 24th Street, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Carlos R. Baiz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 E 24th Street, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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21
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From antenna to reaction center: Pathways of ultrafast energy and charge transfer in photosystem II. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2208033119. [PMID: 36215463 PMCID: PMC9586314 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2208033119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The photosystem II core complex (PSII-CC) is a photosynthetic complex that contains antenna proteins, which collect energy from sunlight, and a reaction center, which converts the collected energy to redox potential. Understanding the interplay between the antenna proteins and the reaction center will facilitate the development of more efficient solar energy conversion technologies. Here, we study the sub-100-ps dynamics of PSII-CC with two-dimensional electronic-vibrational spectroscopy, which connects energy flows with physical space, allowing a direct mapping of energy transfer pathways. Our results reveal a complex dynamical scheme which includes a specific pathway that connects CP43 to the reaction center. Resolving this pathway experimentally provides insights into the energy conversion processes in natural photosynthesis. The photosystem II core complex (PSII-CC) is the smallest subunit of the oxygenic photosynthetic apparatus that contains core antennas and a reaction center, which together allow for rapid energy transfer and charge separation, ultimately leading to efficient solar energy conversion. However, there is a lack of consensus on the interplay between the energy transfer and charge separation dynamics of the core complex. Here, we report the application of two-dimensional electronic-vibrational (2DEV) spectroscopy to the spinach PSII-CC at 77 K. The simultaneous temporal and spectral resolution afforded by 2DEV spectroscopy facilitates the separation and direct assignment of coexisting dynamical processes. Our results show that the dominant dynamics of the PSII-CC are distinct in different excitation energy regions. By separating the excitation regions, we are able to distinguish the intraprotein dynamics and interprotein energy transfer. Additionally, with the improved resolution, we are able to identify the key pigments involved in the pathways, allowing for a direct connection between dynamical and structural information. Specifically, we show that C505 in CP43 and the peripheral chlorophyll ChlzD1 in the reaction center are most likely responsible for energy transfer from CP43 to the reaction center.
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22
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Farrell KM, Zanni MT. Phase stable, shot-to-shot measurement of third- and fifth-order two-quantum correlation spectra using a pulse shaper in the pump-probe geometry. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:014203. [PMID: 35803806 PMCID: PMC9262413 DOI: 10.1063/5.0097019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate the first phase stable measurement of a third-order 2Q spectrum using a pulse shaper in the pump-probe geometry. This measurement was achieved by permuting the time-ordering of the pump pulses, thus rearranging the signal pathways that are emitted in the probe direction. The third-order 2Q spectrum is self-heterodyned by the probe pulse. Using this method, one can interconvert between a 1Q experiment and a 2Q experiment by simply reprogramming a pulse shaper or delay stage. We also measure a fifth-order absorptive 2Q spectrum in the pump-probe geometry, which contains similar information as a third-order experiment but does not suffer from dispersive line shapes. To do so, we introduce methods to minimize saturation-induced artifacts of the pulse shaper, improving fifth-order signals. These techniques add new capabilities for 2D spectrometers that use pulse shapers in the pump-probe beam geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieran M Farrell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Martin T Zanni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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23
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A polarization scheme that resolves cross-peaks with transient absorption and eliminates diagonal peaks in 2D spectroscopy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2117398119. [PMID: 35115405 PMCID: PMC8833161 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2117398119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) optical spectroscopy contains cross-peaks that are helpful features for determining molecular structure and monitoring energy transfer, but they can be difficult to resolve from the much more intense diagonal peaks. Transient absorption (TA) spectra contain transitions similar to cross-peaks in 2D spectroscopy, but in most cases they are obscured by the bleach and stimulated emission peaks. We report a polarization scheme, <0°,0°,+θ2(t2),-θ2(t2)>, that can be easily implemented in the pump-probe beam geometry, used most frequently in 2D and TA spectroscopy. This scheme removes the diagonal peaks in 2D spectroscopies and the intense bleach/stimulated emission peaks in TA spectroscopies, thereby resolving the cross-peak features. At zero pump-probe delay, θ2 = 60° destructively interferes two Feynman paths, eliminating all signals generated by field interactions with four parallel transition dipoles, and the intense diagonal and bleach/stimulated emission peaks. At later delay times, θ2(t2) is adjusted to compensate for anisotropy caused by rotational diffusion. When implemented with TA spectroscopy or microscopy, the pump-probe spectrum is dominated by the cross-peak features. The local oscillator is also attenuated, which enhances the signal two times. This overlooked polarization scheme reduces spectral congestion by eliminating diagonal peaks in 2D spectra and enables TA spectroscopy to measure similar information given by cross-peaks in 2D spectroscopy.
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24
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Biswas S, Kim J, Zhang X, Scholes GD. Coherent Two-Dimensional and Broadband Electronic Spectroscopies. Chem Rev 2022; 122:4257-4321. [PMID: 35037757 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, coherent broadband spectroscopy has been widely used to improve our understanding of ultrafast processes (e.g., photoinduced electron transfer, proton transfer, and proton-coupled electron transfer reactions) at femtosecond resolution. The advances in femtosecond laser technology along with the development of nonlinear multidimensional spectroscopy enabled further insights into ultrafast energy transfer and carrier relaxation processes in complex biological and material systems. New discoveries and interpretations have led to improved design principles for optimizing the photophysical properties of various artificial systems. In this review, we first provide a detailed theoretical framework of both coherent broadband and two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES). We then discuss a selection of experimental approaches and considerations of 2DES along with best practices for data processing and analysis. Finally, we review several examples where coherent broadband and 2DES were employed to reveal mechanisms of photoinitiated ultrafast processes in molecular, biological, and material systems. We end the review with a brief perspective on the future of the experimental techniques themselves and their potential to answer an even greater range of scientific questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08 544, United States
| | - JunWoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08 544, United States
| | - Xinzi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08 544, United States
| | - Gregory D Scholes
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08 544, United States
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25
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Agathangelou D, Javed A, Sessa F, Solinas X, Joffre M, Ogilvie JP. Phase-modulated rapid-scanning fluorescence-detected two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:094201. [PMID: 34496582 DOI: 10.1063/5.0057649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a rapid-scanning approach to fluorescence-detected two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy that combines acousto-optic phase-modulation with digital lock-in detection. This approach shifts the signal detection window to suppress 1/f laser noise and enables interferometric tracking of the time delays to allow for correction of spectral phase distortions and accurate phasing of the data. This use of digital lock-in detection enables acquisition of linear and nonlinear signals of interest in a single measurement. We demonstrate the method on a laser dye, measuring the linear fluorescence excitation spectrum as well as rephasing, non-rephasing, and absorptive fluorescence-detected two-dimensional electronic spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damianos Agathangelou
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, University of Michigan, 450 Church St., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Ariba Javed
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, University of Michigan, 450 Church St., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Francesco Sessa
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, University of Michigan, 450 Church St., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Xavier Solinas
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Manuel Joffre
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Jennifer P Ogilvie
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, University of Michigan, 450 Church St., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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26
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Arsenault EA, Bhattacharyya P, Yoneda Y, Fleming GR. Two-dimensional electronic-vibrational spectroscopy: Exploring the interplay of electrons and nuclei in excited state molecular dynamics. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:020901. [PMID: 34266264 DOI: 10.1063/5.0053042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional electronic-vibrational spectroscopy (2DEVS) is an emerging spectroscopic technique which exploits two different frequency ranges for the excitation (visible) and detection (infrared) axes of a 2D spectrum. In contrast to degenerate 2D techniques, such as 2D electronic or 2D infrared spectroscopy, the spectral features of a 2DEV spectrum report cross correlations between fluctuating electronic and vibrational energy gaps rather than autocorrelations as in the degenerate spectroscopies. The center line slope of the spectral features reports on this cross correlation function directly and can reveal specific electronic-vibrational couplings and rapid changes in the electronic structure, for example. The involvement of the two types of transition moments, visible and infrared, makes 2DEVS very sensitive to electronic and vibronic mixing. 2DEV spectra also feature improved spectral resolution, making the method valuable for unraveling the highly congested spectra of molecular complexes. The unique features of 2DEVS are illustrated in this paper with specific examples and their origin described at an intuitive level with references to formal derivations provided. Although early in its development and far from fully explored, 2DEVS has already proven to be a valuable addition to the tool box of ultrafast nonlinear optical spectroscopy and is of promising potential in future efforts to explore the intricate connection between electronic and vibrational nuclear degrees of freedom in energy and charge transport applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Arsenault
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | - Yusuke Yoneda
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Graham R Fleming
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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27
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Le DV, de la Perrelle JM, Do TN, Leng X, Tapping PC, Scholes GD, Kee TW, Tan HS. Characterization of the ultrafast spectral diffusion and vibronic coherence of TIPS-pentacene using 2D electronic spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:014302. [PMID: 34241376 DOI: 10.1063/5.0055528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
TIPS-pentacene is a small-molecule organic semiconductor that is widely used in optoelectronic devices. It has been studied intensely owing to its ability to undergo singlet fission. In this study, we aim to develop further understanding of the coupling between the electronic and nuclear degrees of freedom of TIPS-pentacene (TIPS-Pn). We measured and analyzed the 2D electronic spectra of TIPS-Pn in solutions. Using center line slope (CLS) analysis, we characterized the frequency-fluctuation correlation function of the 0-0 vibronic transition. Strong oscillations in the CLS values were observed for up to 5 ps with a frequency of 264 cm-1, which are attributable to a large vibronic coupling with the TIPS-Pn ring-breathing vibrational mode. In addition, detailed analysis of the CLS values allowed us to retrieve two spectral diffusion lifetimes, which are attributed to the inertial and diffusive dynamics of solvent molecules. Amplitude beating analysis also uncovered couplings with another vibrational mode at 1173 cm-1. The experimental results can be described using the displaced harmonic oscillator model. By comparing the CLS values of the simulated data with the experimental CLS values, we estimated a Huang-Rhys factor of 0.1 for the ring-breathing vibrational mode. The results demonstrated how CLS analysis can be a useful method for characterizing the strength of vibronic coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc Viet Le
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | | | - Thanh Nhut Do
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - Xuan Leng
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - Patrick C Tapping
- Department of Chemistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia
| | - Gregory D Scholes
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Tak W Kee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia
| | - Howe-Siang Tan
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
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28
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Tiwari V. Multidimensional electronic spectroscopy in high-definition-Combining spectral, temporal, and spatial resolutions. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:230901. [PMID: 34241275 DOI: 10.1063/5.0052234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, coherent multidimensional spectroscopies have been implemented across the terahertz, infrared, visible, and ultraviolet regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. A combination of coherent excitation of several resonances with few-cycle pulses, and spectral decongestion along multiple spectral dimensions, has enabled new insights into wide ranging molecular scale phenomena, such as energy and charge delocalization in natural and artificial light-harvesting systems, hydrogen bonding dynamics in monolayers, and strong light-matter couplings in Fabry-Pérot cavities. However, measurements on ensembles have implied signal averaging over relevant details, such as morphological and energetic inhomogeneity, which are not rephased by the Fourier transform. Recent extension of these spectroscopies to provide diffraction-limited spatial resolution, while maintaining temporal and spectral information, has been exciting and has paved a way to address several challenging questions by going beyond ensemble averaging. The aim of this Perspective is to discuss the technological developments that have eventually enabled spatially resolved multidimensional electronic spectroscopies and highlight some of the very recent findings already made possible by introducing spatial resolution in a powerful spectroscopic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Tiwari
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
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29
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Regarding expressions of the oscillatory patterns in the 2D spectra of a displaced oscillator model. Chem Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2021.111142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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Gaynor JD, Weakly RB, Khalil M. Multimode two-dimensional vibronic spectroscopy. I. Orientational response and polarization-selectivity. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:184201. [PMID: 34241026 DOI: 10.1063/5.0047724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional Electronic-Vibrational (2D EV) spectroscopy and two-dimensional Vibrational-Electronic (2D VE) spectroscopy are among the newest additions to the coherent multidimensional spectroscopy toolbox, and they are directly sensitive to vibronic couplings. In this first of two papers, the complete orientational response functions are developed for a model system consisting of two coupled anharmonic oscillators and two electronic states in order to simulate polarization-selective 2D EV and 2D VE spectra with arbitrary combinations of linearly polarized electric fields. Here, we propose analytical methods to isolate desired signals within complicated spectra and to extract the relative orientation between vibrational and vibronic dipole moments of the model system using combinations of polarization-selective 2D EV and 2D VE spectral features. Time-dependent peak amplitudes of coherence peaks are also discussed as means for isolating desired signals within the time-domain. This paper serves as a field guide for using polarization-selective 2D EV and 2D VE spectroscopies to map coupled vibronic coordinates on the molecular frame.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Gaynor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, P.O. Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Robert B Weakly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, P.O. Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Munira Khalil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, P.O. Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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31
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Duan R, Mastron JN, Song Y, Kubarych KJ. Direct comparison of amplitude and geometric measures of spectral inhomogeneity using phase-cycled 2D-IR spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:174202. [PMID: 34241049 DOI: 10.1063/5.0043961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional infrared (2D-IR) spectroscopy provides access to equilibrium dynamics with the extraction of the frequency-fluctuation correlation function (FFCF) from the measured spectra. Several different methods of obtaining the FFCF from experimental spectra, such as the center line slope (CLS), ellipticity, phase slope, and nodal line slope, all depend on the geometrical nature of the 2D line shape and necessarily require spectral extent in order to achieve a measure of the FFCF. Amplitude measures, on the other hand, such as the inhomogeneity index, rely only on signal amplitudes and can, in principle, be computed using just a single point in a 2D spectrum. With a pulse shaper-based 2D-IR spectrometer, in conjunction with phase cycling, we separate the rephasing and nonrephasing signals used to determine the inhomogeneity index. The same measured data provide the absorptive spectrum, needed for the CLS. Both methods are applied to two model molecular systems: tungsten hexacarbonyl (WCO6) and methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl [Cp'Mn(CO)3, MCMT]. The three degenerate IR modes of W(CO)6 lack coherent modulation or noticeable intramolecular vibrational redistribution (IVR) and are used to establish a baseline comparison. The two bands of the MCMT tripod complex include intraband coherences and IVR as well as likely internal torsional motion on a few-picosecond time scale. We find essentially identical spectral diffusion, but faster, non-equilibrium dynamics lead to differences in the FFCFs extracted with the two methods. The inhomogeneity index offers an advantage in cases where spectra are complex and energy transfer can mimic line shape changes due to frequency fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Duan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Joseph N Mastron
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Yin Song
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, 430 Church Ave., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Kevin J Kubarych
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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32
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Liu X, Wang H, Cao H, Yuan H, Huang P, Wang Y, Zhao W, Fu Y. Dispersed pulses created by aperiodic binary spectral phase jump and applications for pulse shaping. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:12319-12329. [PMID: 33984994 DOI: 10.1364/oe.419450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by pulse-pair generation with periodic phase jump, the generation of dispersed pulses with aperiodic binary spectral phase jump (ABSPJ) is proposed and theoretically investigated. It is presented by the numerical simulations that two dispersed pulses can be generated by ABSPJ of π. The dispersion of one pulse is opposite to the other and can be tuned freely with engineering of the phase jump. The generated dispersed pulse-pair is potentially of great interest for various applications, such as two-dimensional spectroscopy, double pulses laser-wakefield acceleration (LWFA) and chirp management in dual-chirped optical parametric amplification (DC-OPA) system to generate TW single-cycle mid-infrared (MIR) pulses. Furthermore, a pulse shaper configured as a micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) located at the Fourier plane of a 4-f dispersion-free compressor is suggested and the implementation in a high repetition optical parametric chirped pulse amplification (OPCPA) system with picosecond pump has been numerically studied. The simulations showed that MEMS of 900 pixels is enough to pre-compensate TOD of 200000 fs3 for a pulse of 20 fs. Because pixel with only two piston-levels is necessary for such MEMS, the pulse shaper is expected to be compact and reliable.
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33
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Brünker P, Domenianni LI, Fleck N, Lindner J, Schiemann O, Vöhringer P. Intramolecular O-H⋯S hydrogen bonding in threefold symmetry: Line broadening dynamics from ultrafast 2DIR-spectroscopy and ab initio calculations. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:134305. [PMID: 33832237 DOI: 10.1063/5.0047885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamics of intramolecular hydrogen-bonding involving sulfur atoms as acceptors is studied using two-dimensional infrared (2DIR) spectroscopy. The molecular system is a tertiary alcohol whose donating hydroxy group is embedded in a hydrogen-bond potential with torsional C3-symmetry about the carbon-oxygen bond. The linear and 2DIR-spectra recorded in the OH-stretching region of the alcohol can be simulated very well using Kubo's line shape theory based on the cumulant expansion for evaluating the linear and nonlinear optical response functions. The correlation function for OH-stretching frequency fluctuations reveals an ultrafast component decaying with a time constant of 700 fs, which is in line with the apparent decay of the center line slopes averaged over absorption and bleach/emission signals. In addition, a quasi-static inhomogeneity is detected, which prevents the 2DIR line shape to fully homogenize within the observation window of 4 ps. The experimental data were then analyzed in more detail using a full ab initio approach that merges time-dependent structural information from classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with an OH-stretching frequency map derived from density functional theory (DFT). The latter method was also used to obtain a complementary transition dipole map to account for non-Condon effects. The 2DIR-spectra obtained from the MD/DFT method are in good agreement with the experimental data at early waiting delays, thereby corroborating an assignment of the fast decay of the correlation function to the dynamics of hydrogen-bond breakage and formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Brünker
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Wegelerstraße 12, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Luis I Domenianni
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Wegelerstraße 12, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Nico Fleck
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Wegelerstraße 12, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jörg Lindner
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Wegelerstraße 12, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Olav Schiemann
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Wegelerstraße 12, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Vöhringer
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Wegelerstraße 12, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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34
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Zhu WD, Wang R, Wang XY, Xiao M, Zhang CF. Two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy with active phase Management. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/cjcp2012222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-da Zhu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Rui Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xiao-yong Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Min Xiao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States of America
| | - Chun-feng Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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35
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Deng GH, Wei Q, Qian Y, Zhang T, Leng X, Rao Y. Development of interface-/surface-specific two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:023104. [PMID: 33648131 DOI: 10.1063/5.0019564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Structures, kinetics, and chemical reactivities at interfaces and surfaces are key to understanding many of the fundamental scientific problems related to chemical, material, biological, and physical systems. These steady-state and dynamical properties at interfaces and surfaces require even-order techniques with time-resolution and spectral-resolution. Here, we develop fourth-order interface-/surface-specific two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy, including both two-dimensional electronic sum frequency generation (2D-ESFG) spectroscopy and two-dimensional electronic second harmonic generation (2D-ESHG) spectroscopy, for structural and dynamics studies of interfaces and surfaces. The 2D-ESFG and 2D-ESHG techniques were based on a unique laser source of broadband short-wave IR from 1200 nm to 2200 nm from a home-built optical parametric amplifier. With the broadband short-wave IR source, surface spectra cover most of the visible light region from 480 nm to 760 nm. A translating wedge-based identical pulses encoding system (TWINs) was introduced to generate a phase-locked pulse pair for coherent excitation in the 2D-ESFG and 2D-ESHG. As an example, we demonstrated surface dark states and their interactions of the surface states at p-type GaAs (001) surfaces with the 2D-ESFG and 2D-ESHG techniques. These newly developed time-resolved and interface-/surface-specific 2D spectroscopies would bring new information for structure and dynamics at interfaces and surfaces in the fields of the environment, materials, catalysis, and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang-Hua Deng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, USA
| | - Qianshun Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, USA
| | - Yuqin Qian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, USA
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, USA
| | - Xuan Leng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, USA
| | - Yi Rao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, USA
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36
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Cho M, Fleming GR. Two-Dimensional Electronic–Vibrational Spectroscopy Reveals Cross-Correlation between Solvation Dynamics and Vibrational Spectral Diffusion. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:11222-11235. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c08959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minhaeng Cho
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Graham R. Fleming
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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37
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The role of mixed vibronic Q y-Q x states in green light absorption of light-harvesting complex II. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6011. [PMID: 33243997 PMCID: PMC7691517 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19800-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of green light for driving natural photosynthesis has long been underappreciated, however, under the presence of strong illumination, green light actually drives photosynthesis more efficiently than red light. This green light is absorbed by mixed vibronic Qy-Qx states, arising from chlorophyll (Chl)-Chl interactions, although almost nothing is known about these states. Here, we employ polarization-dependent two-dimensional electronic-vibrational spectroscopy to study the origin and dynamics of the mixed vibronic Qy-Qx states of light-harvesting complex II. We show the states in this region dominantly arise from Chl b and demonstrate how it is possible to distinguish between the degree of vibronic Qy versus Qx character. We find that the dynamics for states of predominately Chl b Qy versus Chl b Qx character are markedly different, as excitation persists for significantly longer in the Qx states and there is an oscillatory component to the Qx dynamics, which is discussed. Our findings demonstrate the central role of electronic-nuclear mixing in efficient light-harvesting and the different functionalities of Chl a and Chl b. The green component of the solar spectrum can efficiently drive natural photosynthesis, but the process has been little investigated due to the complexity of the excited states involved. Here the authors utilize polarization-dependent two-dimensional electronic-vibrational spectroscopy to define the origin and dynamics of these states in light-harvesting complex II.
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38
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Lloyd LT, Wood RE, Allodi MA, Sohoni S, Higgins JS, Otto JP, Engel GS. Leveraging scatter in two-dimensional spectroscopy: passive phase drift correction enables a global phasing protocol. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:32869-32881. [PMID: 33114962 DOI: 10.1364/oe.404601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Phase stability between pulse pairs defining Fourier-transform time delays can limit resolution and complicates development and adoption of multidimensional coherent spectroscopies. We demonstrate a data processing procedure to correct the long-term phase drift of the nonlinear signal during two-dimensional (2D) experiments based on the relative phase between scattered excitation pulses and a global phasing procedure to generate fully absorptive 2D electronic spectra of wafer-scale monolayer MoS2. Our correction results in a ∼30-fold increase in effective long-term signal phase stability, from ∼λ/2 to ∼λ/70 with negligible extra experimental time and no additional optical components. This scatter-based drift correction should be applicable to other interferometric techniques as well, significantly lowering the practical experimental requirements for this class of measurements.
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39
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Kriete B, Bondarenko AS, Alessandri R, Patmanidis I, Krasnikov VV, Jansen TLC, Marrink SJ, Knoester J, Pshenichnikov MS. Molecular versus Excitonic Disorder in Individual Artificial Light-Harvesting Systems. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:18073-18085. [PMID: 32985187 PMCID: PMC7582617 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c07392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Natural light-harvesting antennae employ a dense array of chromophores to optimize energy transport via the formation of delocalized excited states (excitons), which are critically sensitive to spatio-energetic variations of the molecular structure. Identifying the origin and impact of such variations is highly desirable for understanding and predicting functional properties yet hard to achieve due to averaging of many overlapping responses from individual systems. Here, we overcome this problem by measuring the heterogeneity of synthetic analogues of natural antennae-self-assembled molecular nanotubes-by two complementary approaches: single-nanotube photoluminescence spectroscopy and ultrafast 2D correlation. We demonstrate remarkable homogeneity of the nanotube ensemble and reveal that ultrafast (∼50 fs) modulation of the exciton frequencies governs spectral broadening. Using multiscale exciton modeling, we show that the dominance of homogeneous broadening at the exciton level results from exchange narrowing of strong static disorder found for individual molecules within the nanotube. The detailed characterization of static and dynamic disorder at the exciton as well as the molecular level presented here opens new avenues in analyzing and predicting dynamic exciton properties, such as excitation energy transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Kriete
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anna S. Bondarenko
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Riccardo Alessandri
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Groningen
Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ilias Patmanidis
- Groningen
Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Victor V. Krasnikov
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas L. C. Jansen
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Siewert J. Marrink
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Groningen
Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper Knoester
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maxim S. Pshenichnikov
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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40
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Lu J, Lee Y, Anna JM. Extracting the Frequency-Dependent Dynamic Stokes Shift from Two-Dimensional Electronic Spectra with Prominent Vibrational Coherences. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:8857-8867. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c05522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Lu
- University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34 Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Yumin Lee
- University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34 Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jessica M. Anna
- University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34 Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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41
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Zhou L, Tian L, Zhang WK. Experimental consideration of two-dimensional Fourier transform spectroscopy. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/cjcp2007125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhou
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Lie Tian
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wen-kai Zhang
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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42
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Silori Y, Seliya P, De AK. Ultrafast Excited-State Dynamics of Tricarbocyanine Dyes Probed by Two-Dimensional Electronic Spectroscopy: Polar Solvation vs Photoisomerization. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:6825-6834. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c01333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yogita Silori
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140 306, India
| | - Pankaj Seliya
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140 306, India
| | - Arijit K. De
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140 306, India
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43
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Arsenault EA, Yoneda Y, Iwai M, Niyogi KK, Fleming GR. Vibronic mixing enables ultrafast energy flow in light-harvesting complex II. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1460. [PMID: 32193383 PMCID: PMC7081214 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14970-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of quantum beats in the two-dimensional electronic spectra of photosynthetic pigment-protein complexes over a decade ago, the origin and mechanistic function of these beats in photosynthetic light-harvesting has been extensively debated. The current consensus is that these long-lived oscillatory features likely result from electronic-vibrational mixing, however, it remains uncertain if such mixing significantly influences energy transport. Here, we examine the interplay between the electronic and nuclear degrees of freedom (DoF) during the excitation energy transfer (EET) dynamics of light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) with two-dimensional electronic-vibrational spectroscopy. Particularly, we show the involvement of the nuclear DoF during EET through the participation of higher-lying vibronic chlorophyll states and assign observed oscillatory features to specific EET pathways, demonstrating a significant step in mapping evolution from energy to physical space. These frequencies correspond to known vibrational modes of chlorophyll, suggesting that electronic-vibrational mixing facilitates rapid EET over moderately size energy gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Arsenault
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Kavli Energy Nanoscience Institute at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Yusuke Yoneda
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Kavli Energy Nanoscience Institute at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Masakazu Iwai
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Krishna K Niyogi
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Graham R Fleming
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- Kavli Energy Nanoscience Institute at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
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44
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Deng GH, Qian Y, Wei Q, Zhang T, Rao Y. Interface-Specific Two-Dimensional Electronic Sum Frequency Generation Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:1738-1745. [PMID: 32045523 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
High even-order surface/interface specific spectroscopy has the potential to provide more structural and dynamical information about surfaces and interfaces. In this work, we developed a novel fourth-order interface-specific two-dimensional electronic sum frequency generation (2D-ESFG) for structures and dynamics at surfaces and interfaces. A translating wedge-based identical pulses encoding system (TWINs) was introduced to generate phase-locked pulse pairs for coherent pump beams in 2D-ESFG. As a proof-of-principle experiment, fourth-order 2D-ESFG spectroscopy was used to demonstrate couplings of surface states for both n-type and p-type GaAs (100). We found surface dark state within the bandgap of the GaAs in 2D-ESFG spectra, which could not be observed in one-dimensional ESFG spectra. To our best knowledge, this is a first demonstration of interface-specific two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy. The development of the 2D-ESFG spectroscopy will provide new structural probes of spectral diffusion, conformational dynamics, energy transfer, and charge transfer for surfaces and interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang-Hua Deng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
| | - Yuqin Qian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
| | - Qianshun Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
| | - Yi Rao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
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45
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Tapping PC, Song Y, Kobayashi Y, Scholes GD, Kee TW. Two-Dimensional Electronic Spectroscopy Using Rotating Optical Flats. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:1053-1061. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick C. Tapping
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Yin Song
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, 450 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Yoichi Kobayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Gregory D. Scholes
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Tak W. Kee
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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46
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Malý P, Lüttig J, Mueller S, Schreck MH, Lambert C, Brixner T. Coherently and fluorescence-detected two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy: direct comparison on squaraine dimers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:21222-21237. [PMID: 32930273 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03218b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Optical two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) is now widely utilized to study excitonic structure and dynamics of a broad range of systems, from molecules to solid state. Besides the traditional experimental implementation using phase matching and coherent signal field detection, action-based approaches that detect incoherent signals such as fluorescence have been gaining popularity in recent years. While incoherent detection extends the range of applicability of 2DES, the observed spectra are not equivalent to the coherently detected ones. This raises questions about their interpretation and the sensitivity of the technique. Here we directly compare, both experimentally and theoretically, four-wave mixing coherently and fluorescence-detected 2DES of a series of squaraine dimers of increasing electronic coupling. All experiments are qualitatively well reproduced by a Frenkel exciton model with secular Redfield theory description of excitation dynamics. We contrast the spectral features and the sensitivities of both techniques with respect to exciton energies, delocalization, coherent and dissipative dynamics, and exciton-exciton annihilation. Discussing the fundamental and practical differences, we demonstrate the degree of complementarity of the techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Malý
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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47
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Jones AC, Kunz MB, Tigges-Green I, Zanni MT. Dual spectral phase and diffraction angle compensation of a broadband AOM 4-f pulse-shaper for ultrafast spectroscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:37236-37247. [PMID: 31878507 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.037236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
AOM-based pulse shaping as a method has been shown to provide many advantages in the field of ultrafast spectroscopy, in particular for the creation of phase matched pulse pairs for two-dimensional IR and electronic spectroscopy. In this paper we demonstrate the capabilities of a quartz-based AOM pulse-shaper to provide fine control over the phase and spatial dispersion of ultrafast supercontinuum pulses. We show that by using the Bragg condition, we can define a mask function for our AOM such that the angle of diffraction is constant for all frequencies. By summing all the contributions to spectral phase due to normal and anomalous dispersion of our optical components, and taking into account the intrinsic frequency dependent phase as a result of the acoustic sine wave propagating through the AOM, we can determine an optimal mask function that meets the Bragg condition for all frequencies, and generates compressed (∼50 fs) supercontinuum pulses.
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48
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Lim J, Bösen CM, Somoza AD, Koch CP, Plenio MB, Huelga SF. Multicolor Quantum Control for Suppressing Ground State Coherences in Two-Dimensional Electronic Spectroscopy. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:233201. [PMID: 31868446 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.233201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The measured multidimensional spectral response of different light harvesting complexes exhibits oscillatory features which suggest an underlying coherent energy transfer. However, making this inference rigorous is challenging due to the difficulty of isolating excited state coherences in highly congested spectra. In this work, we provide a coherent control scheme that suppresses ground state coherences, thus making rephasing spectra dominated by excited state coherences. We provide a benchmark for the scheme using a model dimeric system and numerically exact methods to analyze the spectral response. We argue that combining temporal and spectral control methods can facilitate a second generation of experiments that are tailored to extract desired information and thus significantly advance our understanding of complex open many-body structure and dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lim
- Institut für Theoretische Physik and IQST, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Universität Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - C M Bösen
- Institut für Theoretische Physik and IQST, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Universität Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - A D Somoza
- Institut für Theoretische Physik and IQST, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Universität Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - C P Koch
- Theoretische Physik, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - M B Plenio
- Institut für Theoretische Physik and IQST, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Universität Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - S F Huelga
- Institut für Theoretische Physik and IQST, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Universität Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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49
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Do TN, Khyasudeen MF, Nowakowski PJ, Zhang Z, Tan HS. Measuring Ultrafast Spectral Diffusion and Correlation Dynamics by Two-Dimensional Electronic Spectroscopy. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:3992-4000. [PMID: 31595651 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201900994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The frequency fluctuation correlation function (FFCF) measures the spectral diffusion of a state's transition while the frequency fluctuation cross-correlation function (FXCF) measures the correlation dynamics between the transitions of two separate states. These quantities contain a wealth of information on how the chromophores or excitonic states interact and couple with its environment and with each other. We summarize the experimental implementations and theoretical considerations of using two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy to characterize FFCFs and FXCFs. Applications can be found in systems such as the chlorophyll pigment molecules in light-harvesting complexes and CdSe nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Nhut Do
- Disivion of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21, Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore
| | - M Faisal Khyasudeen
- Disivion of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21, Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Paweł J Nowakowski
- Disivion of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21, Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore
| | - Zhengyang Zhang
- Disivion of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21, Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore
| | - Howe-Siang Tan
- Disivion of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21, Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore
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50
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Jones AC, Kearns NM, Bohlmann Kunz M, Flach JT, Zanni MT. Multidimensional Spectroscopy on the Microscale: Development of a Multimodal Imaging System Incorporating 2D White-Light Spectroscopy, Broadband Transient Absorption, and Atomic Force Microscopy. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:10824-10836. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b09099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C. Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Nicholas M. Kearns
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Miriam Bohlmann Kunz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jessica T. Flach
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Martin T. Zanni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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