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Nozdriukhin D, Kalva SK, Li W, Yashchenok A, Gorin D, Razansky D, Deán-Ben XL. Rapid Volumetric Optoacoustic Tracking of Individual Microparticles In Vivo Enabled by a NIR-Absorbing Gold-Carbon Shell. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:48423-48432. [PMID: 34613688 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c15509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rapid volumetric in vivo visualization of circulating microparticles can facilitate new biomedical applications, such as blood flow characterization or targeted drug delivery. However, existing imaging modalities generally lack the sensitivity to detect the weak signals generated by individual micrometer-sized particles distributed across millimeter- to centimeter-scale depths in living mammalian tissues. Also, the temporal resolution is typically insufficient to track the particles in an entire three-dimensional region. Herein, we introduce a new type of monodisperse (4 μm) silica-core microparticle coated with a shell formed by a multilayered structure of carbon nanotubes (CNT) and gold nanoparticles (AuNP) to provide strong optoacoustic (OA) absorption-based contrast. We capitalize on the unique advantages of a state-of-the-art high-frame-rate OA tomography system to visualize and track the motion of these core-shell particles individually and volumetrically as they flow throughout the mouse brain vasculature. The feasibility of localizing individual solid particles smaller than red blood cells opens new opportunities for mapping the blood flow velocity, enhancing the resolution and visibility of OA images, and developing new biosensing assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniil Nozdriukhin
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Center for Photonics and Quantum Materials, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sandeep Kumar Kalva
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Weiye Li
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alexey Yashchenok
- Center for Photonics and Quantum Materials, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Gorin
- Center for Photonics and Quantum Materials, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Daniel Razansky
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Xosé Luís Deán-Ben
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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Märk J, Wagener A, Zhang E, Laufer J. Photoacoustic pump-probe tomography of fluorophores in vivo using interleaved image acquisition for motion suppression. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40496. [PMID: 28091571 PMCID: PMC5238439 DOI: 10.1038/srep40496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In fluorophores, the excited state lifetime can be modulated using pump-probe excitation. By generating photoacoustic (PA) signals using simultaneous and time-delayed pump and probe excitation pulses at fluences below the maximum permissible exposure, a modulation of the signal amplitude is observed in fluorophores but not in endogenous chromophores. This provides a highly specific contrast mechanism that can be used to recover the location of the fluorophore using difference imaging. The practical challenges in applying this method to in vivo PA tomography include the typically low concentrations of fluorescent contrast agents, and tissue motion. The former results in smaller PA signal amplitudes compared to those measured in blood, while the latter gives rise to difference image artefacts that compromise the unambiguous and potentially noise-limited detection of fluorescent contrast agents. To address this limitation, a method based on interleaved pump-probe image acquisition was developed. It relies on fast switching between simultaneous and time-delayed pump-probe excitation to acquire PA difference signals in quick succession, and to minimise the effects of tissue motion. The feasibility of this method is demonstrated in tissue phantoms and in initial experiments in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Märk
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36A, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Asja Wagener
- Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Hepatologie und Gastroenterologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Edward Zhang
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Jan Laufer
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36A, 10623 Berlin, Germany.,Institut für Radiologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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Galanzha EI, Zharov VP. Circulating Tumor Cell Detection and Capture by Photoacoustic Flow Cytometry in Vivo and ex Vivo. Cancers (Basel) 2013; 5:1691-738. [PMID: 24335964 PMCID: PMC3875961 DOI: 10.3390/cancers5041691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 11/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite progress in detecting circulating tumor cells (CTCs), existing assays still have low sensitivity (1-10 CTC/mL) due to the small volume of blood samples (5-10 mL). Consequently, they can miss up to 103-104 CTCs, resulting in the development of barely treatable metastasis. Here we analyze a new concept of in vivo CTC detection with enhanced sensitivity (up to 102-103 times) by the examination of the entire blood volume in vivo (5 L in adults). We focus on in vivo photoacoustic (PA) flow cytometry (PAFC) of CTCs using label-free or targeted detection, photoswitchable nanoparticles with ultrasharp PA resonances, magnetic trapping with fiber-magnetic-PA probes, optical clearance, real-time spectral identification, nonlinear signal amplification, and the integration with PAFC in vitro. We demonstrate PAFC's capability to detect rare leukemia, squamous carcinoma, melanoma, and bulk and stem breast CTCs and its clusters in preclinical animal models in blood, lymph, bone, and cerebrospinal fluid, as well as the release of CTCs from primary tumors triggered by palpation, biopsy or surgery, increasing the risk of metastasis. CTC lifetime as a balance between intravasation and extravasation rates was in the range of 0.5-4 h depending on a CTC metastatic potential. We introduced theranostics of CTCs as an integration of nanobubble-enhanced PA diagnosis, photothermal therapy, and feedback through CTC counting. In vivo data were verified with in vitro PAFC demonstrating a higher sensitivity (1 CTC/40 mL) and throughput (up to 10 mL/min) than conventional assays. Further developments include detection of circulating cancer-associated microparticles, and super-rsesolution PAFC beyond the diffraction and spectral limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina I. Galanzha
- Phillips Classic Laser and Nanomedicine Laboratories, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Street, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Vladimir P. Zharov
- Phillips Classic Laser and Nanomedicine Laboratories, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Street, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; E-Mail:
- Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Street, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA
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Galanzha EI, Zharov VP. Photoacoustic flow cytometry. Methods 2012; 57:280-96. [PMID: 22749928 PMCID: PMC4799719 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2012.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Revised: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional flow cytometry using scattering and fluorescent detection methods has been a fundamental tool of biological discoveries for many years. Invasive extraction of cells from a living organism, however, may lead to changes in cell properties and prevents the long-term study of cells in their native environment. Here, we summarize recent advances of new generation flow cytometry for in vivo noninvasive label-free or targeted detection of cells in blood, lymph, bone, cerebral and plant vasculatures using photoacoustic (PA) detection techniques, multispectral high-pulse-repetition-rate lasers, tunable ultrasharp (up to 0.8 nm) rainbow plasmonic nanoprobes, positive and negative PA contrasts, in vivo magnetic enrichment, time-of-flight cell velocity measurement, PA spectral analysis, and integration of PA, photothermal (PT), fluorescent, and Raman methods. Unique applications of this tool are reviewed with a focus on ultrasensitive detection of normal blood cells at different functional states (e.g., apoptotic and necrotic) and rare abnormal cells including circulating tumor cells (CTCs), cancer stem cells, pathogens, clots, sickle cells as well as pharmokinetics of nanoparticles, dyes, microbubbles and drug nanocarriers. Using this tool we discovered that palpation, biopsy, or surgery can enhance CTC release from primary tumors, increasing the risk of metastasis. The novel fluctuation flow cytometry provided the opportunity for the dynamic study of blood rheology including red blood cell aggregation and clot formation in different medical conditions (e.g., blood disorders, cancer, or surgery). Theranostics, as a combination of PA diagnosis and PT nanobubble-amplified multiplex therapy, was used for eradication of CTCs, purging of infected blood, and thrombolysis of clots using PA guidance to control therapy efficiency. In vivo flow cytometry using a portable fiber-based devices can provide a breakthrough platform for early diagnosis of cancer, infection and cardiovascular disorders with a potential to inhibit, if not prevent, metastasis, sepsis, and strokes or heart attack by well-timed personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina I. Galanzha
- Phillips Classic Laser and Nanomedicine Laboratories, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA
| | - Vladimir P. Zharov
- Phillips Classic Laser and Nanomedicine Laboratories, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA
- Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA
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de la Zerda A, Kim JW, Galanzha EI, Gambhir SS, Zharov VP. Advanced contrast nanoagents for photoacoustic molecular imaging, cytometry, blood test and photothermal theranostics. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2012; 6:346-69. [PMID: 22025336 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Various nanoparticles have raised significant interest over the past decades for their unique physical and optical properties and biological utilities. Here we summarize the vast applications of advanced nanoparticles with a focus on carbon nanotube (CNT)-based or CNT-catalyzed contrast agents for photoacoustic (PA) imaging, cytometry and theranostics applications based on the photothermal (PT) effect. We briefly review the safety and potential toxicity of the PA/PT contrast nanoagents, while showing how the physical properties as well as multiple biological coatings change their toxicity profiles and contrasts. We provide general guidelines needed for the validation of a new molecular imaging agent in living subjects, and exemplify these guidelines with single-walled CNTs targeted to α(v) β(3) , an integrin associated with tumor angiogenesis, and golden carbon nanotubes targeted to LYVE-1, endothelial lymphatic receptors. An extensive review of the potential applications of advanced contrast agents is provided, including imaging of static targets such as tumor angiogenesis receptors, in vivo cytometry of dynamic targets such as circulating tumor cells and nanoparticles in blood, lymph, bones and plants, methods to enhance the PA and PT effects with transient and stationary bubble conjugates, PT/PA Raman imaging and multispectral histology. Finally, theranostic applications are reviewed, including the nanophotothermolysis of individual tumor cells and bacteria with clustered nanoparticles, nanothrombolysis of blood clots, detection and purging metastasis in sentinel lymph nodes, spectral hole burning and multiplex therapy with ultrasharp rainbow nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam de la Zerda
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, the Bio-X Program and the Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
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6
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Varna M, Ratajczak P, Ferreira I, Leboeuf C, Bousquet G, Janin A. <i>In vivo</i> Distribution of Inorganic Nanoparticles in Preclinical Models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/jbnb.2012.322033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Yakovlev VV, Petrov GI, Zhang HF, Noojin GD, Thomas PA, Denton ML, Rockwell BA, Thomas RJ. Chemically Specific Imaging Through Stimulated Raman Photoexcitation and Ultrasound Detection: Minireview. Aust J Chem 2012; 65:260-265. [PMID: 23807817 PMCID: PMC3691871 DOI: 10.1071/ch11407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A powerful combination of chemically specific Raman excitation and deep tissue ultrasound imaging holds the promise to attain spatially resolved distribution of chemical compounds inside the scattering medium. In this report, an attempt is made to evaluate the recent achievements and possible challenges with an eye on potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav V. Yakovlev
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Georgi I. Petrov
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Hao F. Zhang
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 00555-9642, USA
| | - Gary D. Noojin
- Biomedical Sciences and Technologies Department, Tas.C, Inc., San Antonio, TX 78228, USA
| | - Patrick A. Thomas
- US Air Force Research Laboratory, 711 HPW/RHDO, Brooks City-Base, TX 78235, USA
| | - Michael L. Denton
- Biomedical Sciences and Technologies Department, Tas.C, Inc., San Antonio, TX 78228, USA
| | | | - Robert J. Thomas
- US Air Force Research Laboratory, 711 HPW/RHDO, Brooks City-Base, TX 78235, USA
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8
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Tuchin VV, Tárnok A, Zharov VP. In vivo flow cytometry: a horizon of opportunities. Cytometry A 2011; 79:737-45. [PMID: 21915991 PMCID: PMC3663136 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.21143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Flow cytometry (FCM) has been a fundamental tool of biological discovery for many years. Invasive extraction of cells from a living organism, however, may lead to changes in cell properties and prevents studying cells in their native environment. These problems can be overcome by use of in vivo FCM, which provides detection and imaging of circulating normal and abnormal cells directly in blood or lymph flow. The goal of this review is to provide a brief history, features, and challenges of this new generation of FCM methods and instruments. Spectrum of possibilities of in vivo FCM in biological science (e.g., cell metabolism, immune function, or apoptosis) and medical fields (e.g., cancer, infection, and cardiovascular disorder) including integrated photoacoustic-photothermal theranostics of circulating abnormal cells are discussed with focus on recent advances of this new platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery V. Tuchin
- Research-Educational Institute of Optics and Biophotonics, Saratov State University, Saratov, 410012 Russia
- Institute of Precise Mechanics and Control, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saratov 410028, Russia
- University of Oulu, Oulu, FI-90014 Finland
| | - Attila Tárnok
- Pediatric Cardiology, Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, G04289 Germany
| | - Vladimir P. Zharov
- Phillips Classic Laser and Nanomedicine Laboratories, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72205 USA
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9
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Nedosekin DA, Khodakovskaya MV, Biris AS, Wang D, Xu Y, Villagarcia H, Galanzha EI, Zharov VP. In vivo plant flow cytometry: a first proof-of-concept. Cytometry A 2011; 79:855-65. [PMID: 21905208 PMCID: PMC3252745 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.21128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Revised: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In vivo flow cytometry has facilitated advances in the ultrasensitive detection of tumor cells, bacteria, nanoparticles, dyes, and other normal and abnormal objects directly in blood and lymph circulatory systems. Here, we propose in vivo plant flow cytometry for the real-time noninvasive study of nanomaterial transport in xylem and phloem plant vascular systems. As a proof of this concept, we demonstrate in vivo real-time photoacoustic monitoring of quantum dot-carbon nanotube conjugates uptake by roots and spreading through stem to leaves in a tomato plant. In addition, in vivo scanning cytometry using multimodal photoacoustic, photothermal, and fluorescent detection schematics provided multiplex detection and identification of nanoparticles accumulated in plant leaves in the presence of intensive absorption, scattering, and autofluorescent backgrounds. The use of a portable fiber-based photoacoustic flow cytometer for studies of plant vasculature was demonstrated. These integrated cytometry modalities using both endogenous and exogenous contrast agents have a potential to open new avenues of in vivo study of the nutrients, products of photosynthesis and metabolism, nanoparticles, infectious agents, and other objects transported through plant vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry A. Nedosekin
- Phillips Classic Laser and Nanomedicine Laboratories, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA
| | - Mariya V. Khodakovskaya
- Department of Applied Science, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Arkansas, 72204, USA
- Institute of Biology and Soil Science, Far-Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Alexandru S. Biris
- Department of Applied Science, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Arkansas, 72204, USA
- Nanotechnology Center, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Arkansas, 72204, USA
| | - Daoyuan Wang
- Department of Applied Science, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Arkansas, 72204, USA
- Nanotechnology Center, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Arkansas, 72204, USA
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Applied Science, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Arkansas, 72204, USA
- Nanotechnology Center, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Arkansas, 72204, USA
| | - Hector Villagarcia
- Department of Applied Science, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Arkansas, 72204, USA
| | - Ekaterina I. Galanzha
- Phillips Classic Laser and Nanomedicine Laboratories, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA
| | - Vladimir P. Zharov
- Phillips Classic Laser and Nanomedicine Laboratories, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA
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Proskurnin MA, Zhidkova TV, Volkov DS, Sarimollaoglu M, Galanzha EI, Mock D, Nedosekin DA, Zharov VP. In vivo multispectral photoacoustic and photothermal flow cytometry with multicolor dyes: a potential for real-time assessment of circulation, dye-cell interaction, and blood volume. Cytometry A 2011; 79:834-47. [PMID: 21905207 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.21127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, photoacoustic (PA) flow cytometry (PAFC) has been developed for in vivo detection of circulating tumor cells and bacteria targeted by nanoparticles. Here, we propose multispectral PAFC with multiple dyes having distinctive absorption spectra as multicolor PA contrast agents. As a first step of our proof-of-concept, we characterized high-speed PAFC capability to monitor the clearance of three dyes (Indocyanine Green [ICG], Methylene Blue [MB], and Trypan Blue [TB]) in an animal model in vivo and in real time. We observed strong dynamic PA signal fluctuations, which can be associated with interactions of dyes with circulating blood cells and plasma proteins. PAFC demonstrated enumeration of circulating red and white blood cells labeled with ICG and MB, respectively, and detection of rare dead cells uptaking TB directly in bloodstream. The possibility for accurate measurements of various dye concentrations including Crystal Violet and Brilliant Green were verified in vitro using complementary to PAFC photothermal (PT) technique and spectrophotometry under batch and flow conditions. We further analyze the potential of integrated PAFC/PT spectroscopy with multiple dyes for rapid and accurate measurements of circulating blood volume without a priori information on hemoglobin content, which is impossible with existing optical techniques. This is important in many medical conditions including surgery and trauma with extensive blood loss, rapid fluid administration, and transfusion of red blood cells. The potential for developing a robust clinical PAFC prototype that is safe for human, and its applications for studying the liver function are further highlighted.
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Galanzha EI, Zharov VP. In vivo photoacoustic and photothermal cytometry for monitoring multiple blood rheology parameters. Cytometry A 2011; 79:746-57. [PMID: 21948731 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.21133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alterations of blood rheology (hemorheology) are important for the early diagnosis, prognosis, and prevention of many diseases, including myocardial infarction, stroke, sickle cell anemia, thromboembolism, trauma, inflammation, and malignancy. However, real-time in vivo assessment of multiple hemorheological parameters over long periods of time has not been reported. Here, we review the capabilities of label-free photoacoustic (PA) and photothermal (PT) flow cytometry for dynamic monitoring of hemorhelogical parameters in vivo which we refer to as photoacoustic and photothermal blood rheology. Using phenomenological models, we analyze correlations between both PT and PA signal characteristics in the dynamic modes and following determinants of blood rheology: red blood cell (RBC) aggregation, deformability, shape (e.g., as in sickle cells), intracellular hemoglobin distribution, individual cell velocity, hematocrit, and likely shear rate. We present ex vivo and in vivo experimental verifications involving high-speed PT imaging of RBCs, identification of sickle cells in a mouse model of human sickle cell disease and in vivo monitoring of complex hemorheological changes (e.g., RBC deformability, hematocrit and RBC aggregation). The multi-parameter platform that integrates PT, PA, and conventional optical techniques has potential for translation to clinical applications using safe, portable, laser-based medical devices for point-of-care screening of disease progression and therapy efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina I Galanzha
- Phillips Classic Laser and Nanomedicine Laboratories, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA
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12
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Wang HW, Chai N, Wang P, Hu S, Dou W, Umulis D, Wang LV, Sturek M, Lucht R, Cheng JX. Label-free bond-selective imaging by listening to vibrationally excited molecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 106:238106. [PMID: 21770549 PMCID: PMC3398792 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.238106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Revised: 05/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We report the realization of vibrational photoacoustic (VPA) microscopy using optical excitation of molecular overtone vibration and acoustic detection of the resultant pressure transients. Our approach eliminates the tissue scattering problem encountered in near-infrared spectroscopy and enables depth-resolved signal collection. The 2nd overtone of the CH bond stretch around 8300 cm(-1), where blood interference is minimal, is excited. We demonstrate 3D VPA imaging of lipid-rich atherosclerotic plaques by excitation from the artery lumen, and lipid storage in live Drosophila larvae, with millimeter scale penetration depth [corrected].
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Wei Wang
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Ning Chai
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Pu Wang
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Song Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - Wei Dou
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - David Umulis
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Lihong V. Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - Michael Sturek
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Robert Lucht
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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Yakovlev VV, Noojin GD, Denton ML, Rockwell BA, Thomas RJ. Monitoring stimulated Raman scattering with photoacoustic detection. OPTICS LETTERS 2011; 36:1233-5. [PMID: 21479040 PMCID: PMC3095032 DOI: 10.1364/ol.36.001233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A capability of high-frequency ultrasound detection to monitor the process of energy deposition into a molecular system via Raman excitation is experimentally demonstrated. It is shown that the generated ultrasound signal is directly proportional to the optical signal generated in stimulated Raman scattering. Ultrasound detection provides a simple way to discriminate against laser-induced breakdown and allows for the quantification of the stimulated Raman scattering process where direct optical detection is not available. Additionally, it can be used for stimulated Raman imaging in deep tissue, provided that the generated photoacoustic signal is sufficiently strong.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav V Yakovlev
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 1900 E. Kenwood Boulevard, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, USA.
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14
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Brusnichkin AV, Nedosekin DA, Galanzha EI, Vladimirov YA, Shevtsova EF, Proskurnin MA, Zharov VP. Ultrasensitive label-free photothermal imaging, spectral identification, and quantification of cytochrome c in mitochondria, live cells, and solutions. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2010. [PMID: 20572284 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.v3.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Light-absorbing endogenous cellular proteins, in particular cytochrome c, are used as intrinsic biomarkers for studies of cell biology and environment impacts. To sense cytochrome c against real biological backgrounds, we combined photothermal (PT) thermal-lens single-channel schematic in a back-synchronized measurement mode and a multiplex thermal-lens schematic in a transient high resolution (ca. 350 nm) imaging mode. These multifunctional PT techniques using continuous-wave (cw) Ar+ laser and a nanosecond pulsed optical parametric oscillator in the visible range demonstrated the capability for label-free spectral identification and quantification of trace amounts of cytochrome c in a single mitochondrion alone or within a single live cell. PT imaging data were verified in parallel by molecular targeting and fluorescent imaging of cellular cytochrome c. The detection limit of cytochrome c in a cw mode was 5 x 10(-9) mol/L (80 attomols in the signal-generation zone); that is ca. 10³ lower than conventional absorption spectroscopy. Pulsed fast PT microscopy provided the detection limit for cytochrome c at the level of 13 zmol (13 x 10(-21) mol) in the ultrasmall irradiated volumes limited by optical diffraction effects. For the first time, we demonstrate a combination of high resolution PT imaging with PT spectral identification and ultrasensitive quantitative PT characterization of cytochrome c within individual mitochondria in single live cells. A potential of far-field PT microscopy to sub-zeptomol detection thresholds, resolution beyond diffraction limit, PT Raman spectroscopy, and 3D imaging are further highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton V Brusnichkin
- Chemistry Department, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorob'evy Hills 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russia
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Brusnichkin AV, Nedosekin DA, Galanzha EI, Vladimirov YA, Shevtsova EF, Proskurnin MA, Zharov VP. Ultrasensitive label-free photothermal imaging, spectral identification, and quantification of cytochrome c in mitochondria, live cells, and solutions. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2010; 3:791-806. [PMID: 20572284 PMCID: PMC3350104 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201000012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Light-absorbing endogenous cellular proteins, in particular cytochrome c, are used as intrinsic biomarkers for studies of cell biology and environment impacts. To sense cytochrome c against real biological backgrounds, we combined photothermal (PT) thermal-lens single-channel schematic in a back-synchronized measurement mode and a multiplex thermal-lens schematic in a transient high resolution (ca. 350 nm) imaging mode. These multifunctional PT techniques using continuous-wave (cw) Ar+ laser and a nanosecond pulsed optical parametric oscillator in the visible range demonstrated the capability for label-free spectral identification and quantification of trace amounts of cytochrome c in a single mitochondrion alone or within a single live cell. PT imaging data were verified in parallel by molecular targeting and fluorescent imaging of cellular cytochrome c. The detection limit of cytochrome c in a cw mode was 5 x 10(-9) mol/L (80 attomols in the signal-generation zone); that is ca. 10³ lower than conventional absorption spectroscopy. Pulsed fast PT microscopy provided the detection limit for cytochrome c at the level of 13 zmol (13 x 10(-21) mol) in the ultrasmall irradiated volumes limited by optical diffraction effects. For the first time, we demonstrate a combination of high resolution PT imaging with PT spectral identification and ultrasensitive quantitative PT characterization of cytochrome c within individual mitochondria in single live cells. A potential of far-field PT microscopy to sub-zeptomol detection thresholds, resolution beyond diffraction limit, PT Raman spectroscopy, and 3D imaging are further highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton V. Brusnichkin
- Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorob’evy Hills 1/3, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Dmitry A. Nedosekin
- Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorob’evy Hills 1/3, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Phillips Classic Laser and Nanomedicine Laboratories, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA
| | - Ekaterina I. Galanzha
- Phillips Classic Laser and Nanomedicine Laboratories, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA
| | - Yuri A. Vladimirov
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lomonosovskii prosp. 31-5, Moscow, 117192, Russia
| | - Elena F. Shevtsova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Substances of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, 142432, Russia
| | - Mikhail A. Proskurnin
- Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorob’evy Hills 1/3, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Vladimir P. Zharov
- Phillips Classic Laser and Nanomedicine Laboratories, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA
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