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Butt MA, Voronkov GS, Grakhova EP, Kutluyarov RV, Kazanskiy NL, Khonina SN. Environmental Monitoring: A Comprehensive Review on Optical Waveguide and Fiber-Based Sensors. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12111038. [PMID: 36421155 PMCID: PMC9688474 DOI: 10.3390/bios12111038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Globally, there is active development of photonic sensors incorporating multidisciplinary research. The ultimate objective is to develop small, low-cost, sensitive, selective, quick, durable, remote-controllable sensors that are resistant to electromagnetic interference. Different photonic sensor designs and advances in photonic frameworks have shown the possibility to realize these capabilities. In this review paper, the latest developments in the field of optical waveguide and fiber-based sensors which can serve for environmental monitoring are discussed. Several important topics such as toxic gas, water quality, indoor environment, and natural disaster monitoring are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Grigory S Voronkov
- Ufa University of Science and Technology, Z. Validi St. 32, 450076 Ufa, Russia
| | | | - Ruslan V Kutluyarov
- Ufa University of Science and Technology, Z. Validi St. 32, 450076 Ufa, Russia
| | - Nikolay L Kazanskiy
- Samara National Research University, 443086 Samara, Russia
- IPSI RAS-Branch of the FSRC "Crystallography and Photonics" RAS, 443001 Samara, Russia
| | - Svetlana N Khonina
- Samara National Research University, 443086 Samara, Russia
- IPSI RAS-Branch of the FSRC "Crystallography and Photonics" RAS, 443001 Samara, Russia
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2
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Marć P, Żuchowska M, Jakubowska I, Jaroszewicz LR. Polymer Microtip on a Multimode Optical Fiber as a Threshold Volatile Organic Compounds Sensor. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22031246. [PMID: 35161991 PMCID: PMC8838942 DOI: 10.3390/s22031246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Polymer microtips are 3D microstructures manufactured on the end face of an optical fiber by using the photopolymerization process. Such micro-optic elements made on a multi-mode optical fiber were previously tested as a transducer of refractive index sensor. These studies were an inspiration to investigate the possibility of using this type of transducer to measure the presence of volatile organic compounds in the air. The experimental results of microtips polymerized with UV and VIS were reported. It was possible to detect the presence of five different volatile compounds in the air due to the sensitivity of the transducer to the refractive indices changes. These changes were induced by the vapors condensed on the microtip surface. The measured time responses have shown that the return loss decreases rapidly as the microtip is inserted inside a glass vial filled with the tested compound. Moreover, correlations between calculated dynamic ranges and refractive indices and volumes of the volatile compounds inside the vials were negligible. Therefore, this type of sensor can be categorized as a condensed material threshold sensor. This sensor can be used in warning systems for monitoring leakages of pipelines carrying volatile chemicals.
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Rahman BMA, Viphavakit C, Chitaree R, Ghosh S, Pathak AK, Verma S, Sakda N. Optical Fiber, Nanomaterial, and THz-Metasurface-Mediated Nano-Biosensors: A Review. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12010042. [PMID: 35049670 PMCID: PMC8773603 DOI: 10.3390/bios12010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The increasing use of nanomaterials and scalable, high-yield nanofabrication process are revolutionizing the development of novel biosensors. Over the past decades, researches on nanotechnology-mediated biosensing have been on the forefront due to their potential application in healthcare, pharmaceutical, cell diagnosis, drug delivery, and water and air quality monitoring. The advancement of nanoscale science relies on a better understanding of theory, manufacturing and fabrication practices, and the application specific methods. The topology and tunable properties of nanoparticles, a part of nanoscale science, can be changed by different manufacturing processes, which separate them from their bulk counterparts. In the recent past, different nanostructures, such as nanosphere, nanorods, nanofiber, core-shell nanoparticles, nanotubes, and thin films, have been exploited to enhance the detectability of labelled or label-free biological molecules with a high accuracy. Furthermore, these engineered-materials-associated transducing devices, e.g., optical waveguides and metasurface-based scattering media, widened the horizon of biosensors over a broad wavelength range from deep-ultraviolet to far-infrared. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the major scientific achievements in nano-biosensors based on optical fiber, nanomaterials and terahertz-domain metasurface-based refractometric, labelled and label-free nano-biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. M. Azizur Rahman
- School of Mathematics, Computer Science and Engineering, University of London, London EC1V 0HB, UK; (S.V.); (N.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Charusluk Viphavakit
- International School of Engineering and Intelligent Control Automation of Process Systems Research Unit, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (C.V.); (A.K.P.)
| | - Ratchapak Chitaree
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Souvik Ghosh
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, Gower St., London WC1E 6AE, UK;
| | - Akhilesh Kumar Pathak
- International School of Engineering and Intelligent Control Automation of Process Systems Research Unit, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (C.V.); (A.K.P.)
| | - Sneha Verma
- School of Mathematics, Computer Science and Engineering, University of London, London EC1V 0HB, UK; (S.V.); (N.S.)
| | - Natsima Sakda
- School of Mathematics, Computer Science and Engineering, University of London, London EC1V 0HB, UK; (S.V.); (N.S.)
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
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Fabrication of Optical Fibers with Multiple Coatings for Swelling-Based Chemical Sensing. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12080941. [PMID: 34442564 PMCID: PMC8400377 DOI: 10.3390/mi12080941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We discuss distributed chemical sensing based on the swelling of coatings of optical fibers. Volume changes in the coating induce strain in the fiber's glass core, provoking a local change in the refractive index which is detectable by distributed fiber optical sensing techniques. We describe methods to realize different coatings on a single fiber. Simultaneous detection of swelling processes all along the fiber opens the possibility to interrogate thousands of differently functionalized sections on a single fiber. Principal component analysis is used to enable sensors for environmental monitoring, food analysis, agriculture, water quality monitoring, or medical diagnostics.
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Modeling and application of anisotropic hyperelasticity of PDMS polymers with surface patterns obtained by additive manufacturing technology. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 118:104412. [PMID: 33667928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) polymer has been widely used in the biomedical fields because of its bio-compatibility, being used as sensors, medical equipment and tissue implants. The present study aims to synthesize and characterize micro lane-type surface patterns of PDMS polymers and evaluate their effects on mechanical properties for various applications in the bio-engineering field. Fabrication of surface patterns is achieved using fused filament fabrication in additive manufacturing, and the mechanical properties of the polymer specimens with the surface patterns are measured using tensile test. The surface patterns are rotated at different angles and changed into different shapes to change the anisotropic material properties of the PDMS specimens. This is achieved by changing the raster angles and modifying the fused filament paths during the additive manufacturing process. In addition, the application of the printed pattern to medical soft robot is presented. Owing to the anisotropic material properties, in-plane and out-of-plane actuation can be realized by attaching polymer patches with different lane-type surface patterns. The results of this study support the implementation of additive manufacturing for the rapid manufacture of scalable structures with anisotropic material properties for various applications.
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Recent advances in fiber-optic evanescent wave sensors for monitoring organic and inorganic pollutants in water. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.115892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Sousa RPCL, Ferreira B, Azenha M, Costa SPG, Silva CJR, Figueira RB. PDMS Based Hybrid Sol-Gel Materials for Sensing Applications in Alkaline Environments: Synthesis and Characterization. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12020371. [PMID: 32046023 PMCID: PMC7077420 DOI: 10.3390/polym12020371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, concrete degradation is a major problem in the civil engineering field. Concrete carbonation, one of the main sources of structures' degradation, causes concrete's pH to decrease; hence, enabling the necessary conditions for corrosion reinforcement. An accurate, non-destructive sensor able to monitor the pH decrease resistant to concrete conditions is envisaged by many researchers. Optical fibre sensors (OFS) are generally used for concrete applications due to their high sensitivity and resistance to external interferences. Organic-inorganic hybrid (OIH) films, for potential functionalization of OFS to be applied in concrete structures, were developed. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) based sol-gel materials were synthesized by the formation of an amino alcohol precursor followed by hydrolysis and condensation. Different ratios between PDMS and (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (3-APTES) were studied. The synthesized OIH films were characterized by Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-Vis spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The OIH films were doped with phenolphthalein (Phph), a pH indicator, and were characterized by UV-Vis and EIS. FTIR characterization showed that the reaction between both precursors, the hydrolysis and the condensation reactions occurred successfully. UV-Vis characterization confirmed the presence of Phph embedded in the OIH matrices. Dielectric and thermal properties of the materials showed promising properties for application in contact with a high alkaline environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui P. C. L. Sousa
- Centro de Química, Campus de Gualtar, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (B.F.); (S.P.G.C.); (C.J.R.S.)
- Correspondence: (R.P.C.L.S.); or (R.B.F.)
| | - Bárbara Ferreira
- Centro de Química, Campus de Gualtar, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (B.F.); (S.P.G.C.); (C.J.R.S.)
| | - Miguel Azenha
- ISISE, Departamento de Engenharia Civil, Escola de Engenharia, Campus de Azurém, Universidade do Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal;
| | - Susana P. G. Costa
- Centro de Química, Campus de Gualtar, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (B.F.); (S.P.G.C.); (C.J.R.S.)
| | - Carlos J. R. Silva
- Centro de Química, Campus de Gualtar, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (B.F.); (S.P.G.C.); (C.J.R.S.)
| | - Rita B. Figueira
- Centro de Química, Campus de Gualtar, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (B.F.); (S.P.G.C.); (C.J.R.S.)
- Correspondence: (R.P.C.L.S.); or (R.B.F.)
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Azzouz A, Vikrant K, Kim KH, Ballesteros E, Rhadfi T, Malik AK. Advances in colorimetric and optical sensing for gaseous volatile organic compounds. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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9
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Pawar D, Kale SN. A review on nanomaterial-modified optical fiber sensors for gases, vapors and ions. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:253. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3351-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Lee Y, Lee S, Jin CM, Kwon JA, Kang T, Choi I. Facile Fabrication of Large-Scale Porous and Flexible Three-Dimensional Plasmonic Networks. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:28242-28249. [PMID: 30052422 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b11055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Assembling metallic nanoparticles and trapping target molecules within the probe volume of the incident light are important in plasmonic detection. Porous solid structures with three-dimensionally integrated metal nanoparticles would be very beneficial in achieving these objectives. Currently, porous inorganic oxides are being prepared under stringent conditions and further subjected to either physical or chemical attachment of metal nanoparticles. In this study, we propose a facile method to fabricate large-scale porous and flexible three-dimensional (3D) plasmonic networks. Initially, uncured polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), in which metal ions are dissolved, diffuses spontaneously into the simple sugar crystal template via capillary action. As PDMS is cured, metal ions are automatically reduced to form a dense array of metal nanoparticles. After curing, the sugar template is easily removed by water treatment to obtain porous 3D plasmonic networks. We controlled the far-field scattering and near-field enhancement of the network by changing either the metal ion precursor or its concentration. To demonstrate the key advantages of our 3D plasmonic networks, such as simple fabrication, optical signal enhancement, and molecular trapping, we conducted sensitive Raman detection of several important molecules, including adenine, humidifier disinfectants, and volatile organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjeong Lee
- Department of Life Science , University of Seoul , Seoul 130-743 , Republic of Korea
| | - Seungki Lee
- Department of Life Science , University of Seoul , Seoul 130-743 , Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Min Jin
- Department of Life Science , University of Seoul , Seoul 130-743 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jung A Kwon
- Department of Life Science , University of Seoul , Seoul 130-743 , Republic of Korea
| | - Taewook Kang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Sogang University , Seoul 121-742 , Republic of Korea
| | - Inhee Choi
- Department of Life Science , University of Seoul , Seoul 130-743 , Republic of Korea
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11
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Tan EKW, Rughoobur G, Rubio-Lara J, Tiwale N, Xiao Z, Davidson CAB, Lowe CR, Occhipinti LG. Nanofabrication of Conductive Metallic Structures on Elastomeric Materials. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6607. [PMID: 29700337 PMCID: PMC5920093 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24901-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Existing techniques for patterning metallic structures on elastomers are limited in terms of resolution, yield and scalability. The primary constraint is the incompatibility of their physical properties with conventional cleanroom techniques. We demonstrate a reliable fabrication strategy to transfer high resolution metallic structures of <500 nm in dimension on elastomers. The proposed method consists of producing a metallic pattern using conventional lithographic techniques on silicon coated with a thin sacrificial aluminium layer. Subsequent wet etching of the sacrificial layer releases the elastomer with the embedded metallic pattern. Using this method, a nano-resistor with minimum feature size of 400 nm is fabricated on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and applied in gas sensing. Adsorption of solvents in the PDMS causes swelling and increases the device resistance, which therefore enables the detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Sensitivity to chloroform and toluene vapor with a rapid response (~30 s) and recovery (~200 s) is demonstrated using this PDMS nano-resistor at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward K W Tan
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK.
| | - Girish Rughoobur
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK.,Microsystems Technology Laboratories, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Juan Rubio-Lara
- Nanoscience Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FF, UK
| | - Nikhil Tiwale
- Nanoscience Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FF, UK
| | - Zhuocong Xiao
- Nanoscience Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FF, UK
| | - Colin A B Davidson
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QT, UK
| | - Christopher R Lowe
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QT, UK
| | - Luigi G Occhipinti
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK.
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12
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Fabrication of an Anti-Reflective and Super-Hydrophobic Structure by Vacuum Ultraviolet Light-Assisted Bonding and Nanoscale Pattern Transfer. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:mi9040186. [PMID: 30424119 PMCID: PMC6187578 DOI: 10.3390/mi9040186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The application of subwavelength, textured structures to glass surfaces has been shown to reduce reflectivity and also results in self-cleaning due to super-hydrophobicity. However, current methods of producing such textures are typically either expensive or difficult to scale up. Based on prior work by the authors, the present study employed a combination of vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) light-assisted bonding and release agent-free pattern transfer to fabricate a moth-eye texture on a glass substrate. This was accomplished by forming a cyclic olefin polymer mold master with a moth-eye pattern, transferring this pattern to a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) spin coating, activating both the PDMS and a glass substrate with VUV light, and then bonding the PDMS to the glass before releasing the mold. Atomic force microscopy demonstrated that the desired pattern was successfully replicated on the PDMS surface with a high degree of accuracy, and the textured glass specimen exhibited approximately 3% higher transmittance than untreated glass. Contact angle measurements also showed that the hydrophobicity of the textured surface was significantly increased. These results confirm that this new technique is a viable means of fabricating optical nanostructures via a simple, inexpensive process.
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Ning X, Yang J, Zhao CL, Chan CC. PDMS-coated fiber volatile organic compounds sensors. APPLIED OPTICS 2016; 55:3543-3548. [PMID: 27140369 DOI: 10.1364/ao.55.003543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The functionality of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)-based interferometric fiber sensors for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) detection is investigated and experimentally demonstrated. Two interferometric configurations are considered in this work, namely Fabry-Perot (FP) and Sagnac interferometers (SI). Both sensors are functionalized with a thin layer of VOC-sensitive polymer: PDMS, whose degree of swelling varies as a function of VOC concentrations. This swelling effect will result in an optical path length and birefringence modulation for FP and SI sensors, respectively. In this paper, the two common VOCs, ethanol and 2-propanol, were detected by the proposed sensor and the inverse matrix method was used to differentiate the VOC in gas mixture.
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Lim HS, Kim JYH, Kwak HS, Sim SJ. Integrated Microfluidic Platform for Multiple Processes from Microalgal Culture to Lipid Extraction. Anal Chem 2014; 86:8585-92. [DOI: 10.1021/ac502324c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Seok Lim
- Department
of Chemical and
Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaoon Y. H. Kim
- Department
of Chemical and
Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Seok Kwak
- Department
of Chemical and
Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jun Sim
- Department
of Chemical and
Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
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Park CS, Joo KI, Kang SW, Kim HR. A PDMS-Coated Optical Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor for Enhancing Temperature Sensitivity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3807/josk.2011.15.4.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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