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Abstract
EuPRAXIA@SPARC_LAB is a new Free Electron Laser (FEL) facility that is currently under construction at the Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati of the INFN. The electron beam driving the FEL will be delivered by an X-band normal conducting LINAC followed by a plasma wakefield acceleration stage. It will be characterized by a small footprint and will deliver ultra-bright photon pulses for experiments in the water window to the user community. In addition to the soft-X-rays beamline already planned in the project, we propose the installation of a second photon beamline with seeded FEL pulses in the range between 50 and 180 nm. Here, we will present the FEL generation scheme, the layout of the dedicated beamline and the potential applications of the FEL radiation source in this low energy range.
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High Repetition Rate and Coherent Free-Electron Laser Oscillator in the Tender X-ray Range Tailored for Linear Spectroscopy. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11135892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Fine time-resolved analysis of matter—that is, spectroscopy and photon scattering—in the linear response regime requires fs-scale pulsed, high repetition rate, fully coherent X-ray sources. A seeded Free-Electron Laser, driven by a linac based on Super Conducting cavities, generating 108–1010 coherent photons at 2–5 keV with 0.2–1 MHz of repetition rate, can address this need. The scheme proposed is a Free-Electron Laser Oscillator at 3 keV, working with a cavity based on X-ray mirrors. The whole chain of the X-ray generation is here described by means of start-to-end simulations.
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Hwu Y, Margaritondo G. Synchrotron radiation and X-ray free-electron lasers (X-FELs) explained to all users, active and potential. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2021; 28:1014-1029. [PMID: 33950010 PMCID: PMC8127362 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577521003325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Synchrotron radiation evolved over one-half century into a gigantic worldwide enterprise involving tens of thousands of researchers. Initially, almost all users were physicists. But now they belong to a variety of disciplines: chemistry, materials science, the life sciences, medical research, ecology, cultural heritage and others. This poses a challenge: explaining synchrotron sources without requiring a sophisticated background in theoretical physics. Here this challenge is met with an innovative approach that only involves elementary notions, commonly possessed by scientists of all domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeukuang Hwu
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Giorgio Margaritondo
- Faculté des Sciences de Base, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Few-Cycle Infrared Pulse Evolving in FEL Oscillators and Its Application to High-Harmonic Generation for Attosecond Ultraviolet and X-ray Pulses. ATOMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atoms9010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Generation of few-cycle optical pulses in free-electron laser (FEL) oscillators has been experimentally demonstrated in FEL facilities based on normal-conducting and superconducting linear accelerators. Analytical and numerical studies have revealed that the few-cycle FEL lasing can be explained in the frame of superradiance, cooperative emission from self-bunched systems. In the present paper, we review historical remarks of superradiance FEL experiments in short-pulse FEL oscillators with emphasis on the few-cycle pulse generation and discuss the application of the few-cycle FEL pulses to the scheme of FEL-HHG, utilization of infrared FEL pulses to drive high-harmonic generation (HHG) from gas and solid targets. The FEL-HHG enables one to explore ultrafast science with attosecond ultraviolet and X-ray pulses with a MHz repetition rate, which is difficult with HHG driven by solid-state lasers. A research program has been launched to develop technologies for the FEL-HHG and to conduct a proof-of-concept experiment of FEL-HHG.
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Prat E, Reiche S. Compact coherence enhancement by subharmonic self-seeding in X-ray free-electron laser facilities. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2018; 25:329-335. [PMID: 29488910 PMCID: PMC5829677 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577518000395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) are cutting-edge scientific tools able to generate transversely coherent radiation with very high power and ultra-short pulse durations. The self-seeding mechanism has been proven to increase the longitudinal coherence of the FEL radiation but its efficiency could be significantly improved, especially for soft X-rays. This paper proposes the enhancement of the performance of self-seeding by combining it with the harmonic generation mechanism. In particular, by starting the process with a subharmonic of the wavelength of interest, the coherence of the produced radiation is improved, the undulator beamline becomes more compact, and the monochromator realization is simplified. Numerical simulations for SwissFEL are presented showing that the method can be employed, within a given space, to increase the spectral brightness by one order of magnitude or more with respect to standard self-seeding. This coherence enhancement will be fundamental for many photon science applications and techniques such as resonant inelastic X-ray scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Prat
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Sven Reiche
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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6
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Owada S, Togawa K, Inagaki T, Hara T, Tanaka T, Joti Y, Koyama T, Nakajima K, Ohashi H, Senba Y, Togashi T, Tono K, Yamaga M, Yumoto H, Yabashi M, Tanaka H, Ishikawa T. A soft X-ray free-electron laser beamline at SACLA: the light source, photon beamline and experimental station. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2018; 25:282-288. [PMID: 29271777 PMCID: PMC5741133 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577517015685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The design and performance of a soft X-ray free-electron laser (FEL) beamline of the SPring-8 Compact free-electron LAser (SACLA) are described. The SPring-8 Compact SASE Source test accelerator, a prototype machine of SACLA, was relocated to the SACLA undulator hall for dedicated use for the soft X-ray FEL beamline. Since the accelerator is operated independently of the SACLA main linac that drives the two hard X-ray beamlines, it is possible to produce both soft and hard X-ray FEL simultaneously. The FEL pulse energy reached 110 µJ at a wavelength of 12.4 nm (i.e. photon energy of 100 eV) with an electron beam energy of 780 MeV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Owada
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun 679-5148, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Togawa
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun 679-5148, Japan
| | | | - Toru Hara
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun 679-5148, Japan
| | - Takashi Tanaka
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun 679-5148, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Joti
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun 679-5948, Japan
| | - Takahisa Koyama
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun 679-5948, Japan
| | - Kyo Nakajima
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun 679-5948, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Ohashi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun 679-5948, Japan
| | - Yasunori Senba
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun 679-5948, Japan
| | - Tadashi Togashi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun 679-5948, Japan
| | - Kensuke Tono
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun 679-5948, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Yamaga
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun 679-5948, Japan
| | - Hirokatsu Yumoto
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun 679-5948, Japan
| | - Makina Yabashi
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun 679-5148, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tanaka
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun 679-5148, Japan
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8
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9
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Prat E, Calvi M, Ganter R, Reiche S, Schietinger T, Schmidt T. Undulator beamline optimization with integrated chicanes for X-ray free-electron-laser facilities. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2016; 23:861-8. [PMID: 27359133 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577516007165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
An optimization of the undulator layout of X-ray free-electron-laser (FEL) facilities based on placing small chicanes between the undulator modules is presented. The installation of magnetic chicanes offers the following benefits with respect to state-of-the-art FEL facilities: reduction of the required undulator length to achieve FEL saturation, improvement of the longitudinal coherence of the FEL pulses, and the ability to produce shorter FEL pulses with higher power levels. Numerical simulations performed for the soft X-ray beamline of the SwissFEL facility show that optimizing the advantages of the layout requires shorter undulator modules than the standard ones. This proposal allows a very compact undulator beamline that produces fully coherent FEL pulses and it makes possible new kinds of experiments that require very short and high-power FEL pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Prat
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Marco Calvi
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Romain Ganter
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Sven Reiche
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | | | - Thomas Schmidt
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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10
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Zhao Z, Feng C, Chen J, Wang Z. Two-beam based two-stage EEHG-FEL for coherent hard X-ray generation. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-016-1060-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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11
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Goh SJ, Tao Y, van der Slot PJM, Bastiaens HJM, Herek J, Biedron SG, Danailov MB, Milton SV, Boller KJ. Single-shot fluctuations in waveguided high-harmonic generation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:24888-24902. [PMID: 26406689 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.024888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
For exploring the application potential of coherent soft x-ray (SXR) and extreme ultraviolet radiation (XUV) provided by high-harmonic generation, it is important to characterize the central output parameters. Of specific importance are pulse-to-pulse (shot-to-shot) fluctuations of the high-harmonic output energy, fluctuations of the direction of the emission (pointing instabilities), and fluctuations of the beam divergence and shape that reduce the spatial coherence. We present the first single-shot measurements of waveguided high-harmonic generation in a waveguided (capillary-based) geometry. Using a capillary waveguide filled with Argon gas as the nonlinear medium, we provide the first characterization of shot-to-shot fluctuations of the pulse energy, of the divergence and of the beam pointing. We record the strength of these fluctuations vs. two basic input parameters, which are the drive laser pulse energy and the gas pressure in the capillary waveguide. In correlation measurements between single-shot drive laser beam profiles and single-shot high-harmonic beam profiles we prove the absence of drive laser beam-pointing-induced fluctuations in the high-harmonic output. We attribute the main source of high-harmonic fluctuations to ionization-induced nonlinear mode mixing during propagation of the drive laser pulse inside the capillary waveguide.
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Yabashi M, Tanaka H, Ishikawa T. Overview of the SACLA facility. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2015; 22:477-84. [PMID: 25931056 PMCID: PMC4416664 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577515004658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In March 2012, SACLA started user operations of the first compact X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) facility. SACLA has been routinely providing users with stable XFEL light over a wide photon energy range from 4 to 15 keV and an ultrafast pulse duration below 10 fs. The facility supports experimental activities in broad fields by offering high-quality X-ray optics and diagnostics, as well as reliable multiport charge-coupled-device detectors, with flexible experimental configurations. A two-stage X-ray focusing system was developed that enables the highest intensity of 10(20) W cm(-2). Key scientific results published in 2013 and 2014 in diverse fields are reviewed. The main experimental systems developed for these applications are summarized. A perspective on the facility upgrade is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makina Yabashi
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Kouto 1-1-1, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tanaka
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Kouto 1-1-1, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
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13
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Kumar S, Kang HS, Kim DE. Tailoring the amplification of attosecond pulse through detuned X-ray FEL undulator. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:2808-2818. [PMID: 25836141 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.002808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that the amplification of attosecond pulse in X-ray free electron laser (FEL) undulator can be tailored. The characteristic of the amplification of an isolated attosecond pulse in the FEL undulator is investigated. An isolated 180 attoseconds full width half maximum (FWHM) pulse at 1.25 nm with a spectral bandwidth of 1% is injected into an undulator. The simulation results show that for a direct seeding of 3MW, the seed is amplified to the peak power of 106 GW (40 μJ, an output pulse-width of 383 attoseconds) in the presence of a detuning at FEL resonance condition in 100-m long undulator. We note that the introduction of detuning leads to the better performance compared to the case without detuning: shorter by 15.5% in a pulse-width and higher by 76.6% in an output power. Tapering yields a higher power (116% increases in the output power compared to the case without detuning) but a longer pulse (15.4% longer in the pulse-width). It was observed that ± Δλ(r)/8 (Δλ(r)/λ(r) ~1%) is the maximum degree of detuning, beyond which the amplification becomes poor: lower in the output power and longer in the pulse duration. The minimum power for a seed pulse needs to be higher than 1 MW for the successful amplification of an attosecond pulse at 1.25 nm. Also, the electron beam energy-spread must be less than 0.1% for a suitable propagation of attosecond pulse along the FEL undulator under this study.
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14
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Schulz S, Grguraš I, Behrens C, Bromberger H, Costello JT, Czwalinna MK, Felber M, Hoffmann MC, Ilchen M, Liu HY, Mazza T, Meyer M, Pfeiffer S, Prędki P, Schefer S, Schmidt C, Wegner U, Schlarb H, Cavalieri AL. Femtosecond all-optical synchronization of an X-ray free-electron laser. Nat Commun 2015; 6:5938. [PMID: 25600823 PMCID: PMC4309427 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many advanced applications of X-ray free-electron lasers require pulse durations and time resolutions of only a few femtoseconds. To generate these pulses and to apply them in time-resolved experiments, synchronization techniques that can simultaneously lock all independent components, including all accelerator modules and all external optical lasers, to better than the delivered free-electron laser pulse duration, are needed. Here we achieve all-optical synchronization at the soft X-ray free-electron laser FLASH and demonstrate facility-wide timing to better than 30 fs r.m.s. for 90 fs X-ray photon pulses. Crucially, our analysis indicates that the performance of this optical synchronization is limited primarily by the free-electron laser pulse duration, and should naturally scale to the sub-10 femtosecond level with shorter X-ray pulses. Few-femtosecond synchronization at free-electron lasers is key for nearly all experimental applications, stable operation and future light source development. Here, Schulz et al. demonstrate all-optical synchronization of the soft X-ray FEL FLASH to better than 30 fs and illustrate a pathway to sub-10 fs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schulz
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - I Grguraš
- 1] Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany [2] Center for Free-electron Laser Science (CFEL), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany [3] University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - C Behrens
- 1] Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany [2] SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - H Bromberger
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J T Costello
- School of Physical Sciences and National Center for Plasma Science and Technology (NCPST), Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - M K Czwalinna
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Felber
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M C Hoffmann
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M Ilchen
- European XFEL GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Ring 19, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - H Y Liu
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - T Mazza
- European XFEL GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Ring 19, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Meyer
- European XFEL GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Ring 19, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Pfeiffer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - P Prędki
- Department of Microelectronics and Computer Science, Lodz University of Technology, ul. Wólczanska 221/223, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - S Schefer
- University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - C Schmidt
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - U Wegner
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - H Schlarb
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A L Cavalieri
- 1] Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany [2] Center for Free-electron Laser Science (CFEL), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany [3] University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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Takahashi EJ, Lan P, Mücke OD, Nabekawa Y, Midorikawa K. Attosecond nonlinear optics using gigawatt-scale isolated attosecond pulses. Nat Commun 2014; 4:2691. [PMID: 24158092 PMCID: PMC3826624 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
High-energy isolated attosecond pulses required for the most intriguing nonlinear attosecond experiments as well as for attosecond-pump/attosecond-probe spectroscopy are still lacking at present. Here we propose and demonstrate a robust generation method of intense isolated attosecond pulses, which enable us to perform a nonlinear attosecond optics experiment. By combining a two-colour field synthesis and an energy-scaling method of high-order harmonic generation, the maximum pulse energy of the isolated attosecond pulse reaches as high as 1.3 μJ. The generated pulse with a duration of 500 as, as characterized by a nonlinear autocorrelation measurement, is the shortest and highest-energy pulse ever with the ability to induce nonlinear phenomena. The peak power of our tabletop light source reaches 2.6 GW, which even surpasses that of an extreme-ultraviolet free-electron laser. The short duration of attosecond pulses makes them interesting for ultrafast experiments, although it has so far been difficult to generate isolated attosecond pulses with sufficiently high power. Here the authors achieve high-intensity isolated attosecond pulses with a tabletop setup, based on a scaled-up high-order harmonic generation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji J Takahashi
- Extreme Photonics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi 351-0198, Japan
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Danailov MB, Bencivenga F, Capotondi F, Casolari F, Cinquegrana P, Demidovich A, Giangrisostomi E, Kiskinova MP, Kurdi G, Manfredda M, Masciovecchio C, Mincigrucci R, Nikolov IP, Pedersoli E, Principi E, Sigalotti P. Towards jitter-free pump-probe measurements at seeded free electron laser facilities. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:12869-79. [PMID: 24921484 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.012869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
X-ray free electron lasers (FEL) coupled with optical lasers have opened unprecedented opportunities for studying ultrafast dynamics in matter. The major challenge in pump-probe experiments using FEL and optical lasers is synchronizing the arrival time of the two pulses. Here we report a technique that benefits from the seeded-FEL scheme and uses the optical seed laser for nearly jitter-free pump-probe experiments. Timing jitter as small as 6 fs has been achieved and confirmed by measurements of FEL-induced transient reflectivity changes of Si3N4 using both collinear and non-collinear geometries. Planned improvements of the experimental set-up are expected to further reduce the timing jitter between the two pulses down to fs level.
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Togashi T, Takahashi E, Midorikawa K, Aoyama M, Yamakawa K, Sato T, Iwasaki A, Owada S, Yamanouchi K, Hara T, Matsubara S, Ohshima T, Otake Y, Tamasaku K, Tanaka H, Tanaka T, Tomizawa H, Watanabe T, Yabashi M, Ishikawa T. Extreme ultraviolet free electron laser seeded by high-order harmonic. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2013.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Magnitskiy S, Nagorskiy N, Faenov A, Pikuz T, Tanaka M, Ishino M, Nishikino M, Fukuda Y, Kando M, Kawachi T, Kato Y. Observation and theory of X-ray mirages. Nat Commun 2013; 4:1936. [PMID: 23733009 PMCID: PMC3709498 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of X-ray lasers allowed the realization of compact coherent soft X-ray sources, thus opening the way to a wide range of applications. Here we report the observation of unexpected concentric rings in the far-field beam profile at the output of a two-stage plasma-based X-ray laser, which can be considered as the first manifestation of a mirage phenomenon in X-rays. We have developed a method of solving the Maxwell–Bloch equations for this problem, and find that the experimentally observed phenomenon is due to the emergence of X-ray mirages in the plasma amplifier, appearing as phase-matched coherent virtual point sources. The obtained results bring a new insight into the physical nature of amplification of X-ray radiation in laser-induced plasma amplifiers and open additional opportunities for X-ray plasma diagnostics and extreme ultraviolet lithography. X-ray lasers are of interest to study various properties of materials down to the atomic scale. The discovery by Magnitskiy et al. of a mirage interference effect in X-ray plasma lasers could lead to new possibilities to control the output of such lasers.
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Ackermann S, Azima A, Bajt S, Bödewadt J, Curbis F, Dachraoui H, Delsim-Hashemi H, Drescher M, Düsterer S, Faatz B, Felber M, Feldhaus J, Hass E, Hipp U, Honkavaara K, Ischebeck R, Khan S, Laarmann T, Lechner C, Maltezopoulos T, Miltchev V, Mittenzwey M, Rehders M, Rönsch-Schulenburg J, Rossbach J, Schlarb H, Schreiber S, Schroedter L, Schulz M, Schulz S, Tarkeshian R, Tischer M, Wacker V, Wieland M. Generation of coherent 19- and 38-nm radiation at a free-electron laser directly seeded at 38 nm. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:114801. [PMID: 24074093 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.114801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Initiating the gain process in a free-electron laser (FEL) from an external highly coherent source of radiation is a promising way to improve the pulse properties such as temporal coherence and synchronization performance in time-resolved pump-probe experiments at FEL facilities, but this so-called "seeding" suffers from the lack of adequate sources at short wavelengths. We report on the first successful seeding at a wavelength as short as 38.2 nm, resulting in GW-level, coherent FEL radiation pulses at this wavelength as well as significant second harmonic emission at 19.1 nm. The external seed pulses are about 1 order of magnitude shorter compared to previous experiments allowing an ultimate time resolution for the investigation of dynamic processes enabling breakthroughs in ultrafast science with FELs. The seeding pulse is the 21st harmonic of an 800-nm, 15-fs (rms) laser pulse generated in an argon medium. Methods for finding the overlap of seed pulses with electron bunches in spatial, longitudinal, and spectral dimensions are discussed and results are presented. The experiment was conducted at FLASH, the FEL user facility at DESY in Hamburg, Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ackermann
- Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany and Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
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Wei P, Miao J, Zeng Z, Li C, Ge X, Li R, Xu Z. Selective enhancement of a single harmonic emission in a driving laser field with subcycle waveform control. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:233903. [PMID: 25167494 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.233903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate a robust scheme to select a single high-order harmonic among the harmonic comb by using a driving laser field with subcycle waveform control, which is synthesized by the fundamental 800 nm laser pulse and two controlling laser pulses at 400 and 267 nm with perpendicular polarizations. By controlling the relative phase among the pulses of different colors, a single high-order harmonic is selectively enhanced while the adjacent harmonics are greatly suppressed with the intensity contrast increased by more than 1 order of magnitude and the peak intensity enhanced simultaneously by more than 2 orders of magnitude compared to the case by using only the fundamental 800 nm laser pulse. Such phenomena can be mainly attributed to the intra-atomic phase matching realized with the sub-cycle waveform controlled field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China and College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jing Miao
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Zhinan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Chuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Xiaochun Ge
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Ruxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China and School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhizhan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China and School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, China
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21
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Couprie ME, Benabderrahmane C, Betinelli P, Bouvet F, Buteau A, Cassinari L, Daillant J, Denard JC, Eymard P, Gagey B, Herbeaux C, Labat M, Lagarde B, Lestrade A, Loulergue A, Marchand P, Marlats JL, Miron C, Morin P, Nadji A, Polack F, Pruvost JB, Ribeiro F, Ricaud JP, Roy P, Tanikawa T, Roux R, Bielawski S, Evain C, Szwaj C, Lambert G, Lifschitz A, Malka V, Lehe R, Rousse A, Phuoc KT, Thaury C, Devanz G, Luong M, Carré B, LeBec G, Farvacque L, Dubois A, Lüning J. The LUNEX5 project in France. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/425/7/072001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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23
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Photoelectron Angular Distribution and Phase in Two-Photon Single Ionization of H and He by a Femtosecond and Attosecond Extreme-Ultraviolet Pulse. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2013. [DOI: 10.3390/app3010189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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24
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Iwasaki A, Sato T, Owada S, Togashi T, Takahashi E, Midorikawa K, Aoyama M, Yamakawa K, Matsubara S, Okayasu Y, Tomizawa H, Watanabe T, Nagasono M, Yabashi M, Ishikawa T, Yamanouchi K. Synchronization of FEL and high-order harmonics of ultrashort-pulsed laser for generating intense full-coherent EUV light pulses. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2013. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20134101018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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25
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Giannessi L, Artioli M, Bellaveglia M, Briquez F, Chiadroni E, Cianchi A, Couprie ME, Dattoli G, Di Palma E, Di Pirro G, Ferrario M, Filippetto D, Frassetto F, Gatti G, Labat M, Marcus G, Mostacci A, Petralia A, Petrillo V, Poletto L, Quattromini M, Rau JV, Rosenzweig J, Sabia E, Serluca M, Spassovsky I, Surrenti V. High-order-harmonic generation and superradiance in a seeded free-electron laser. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:164801. [PMID: 22680723 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.164801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Higher order harmonic generation in a free-electron laser amplifier operating in the superradiant regime [R. H. Dicke, Phys. Rev. 93, 99 (1954).] has been observed. Superradiance has been induced by seeding a single-pass amplifier with the second harmonic of a Ti:sapphire laser, generated in a β-Barium borate crystal, at seed intensities comparable to the free-electron laser saturation intensity. Pulse energy and spectral distributions of the harmonics up to the 11th order have been measured and compared with simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Giannessi
- ENEA C.R. Frascati, Via E. Fermi, 45 00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy.
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26
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Ishikawa KL, Ueda K. Competition of resonant and nonresonant paths in resonance-enhanced two-photon single ionization of He by an ultrashort extreme-ultraviolet pulse. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:033003. [PMID: 22400736 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.033003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically study the pulse-width dependence of the photoelectron angular distribution (PAD) from the resonance-enhanced two-photon single ionization of He by femtosecond (≲20 fs) extreme-ultraviolet pulses, based on the time-dependent perturbation theory and simulations with the full time-dependent Schrödinger equation. In particular, we focus on the competition between resonant and nonresonant ionization paths, which leads to the relative phase δ between the S and D wave packets distinct from the corresponding scattering phase shift difference. When the spectrally broadened pulse is resonant with an excited level, the competition varies with pulse width, and, therefore, δ and the PAD also change with it. On the other hand, when the Rydberg manifold is excited, δ and the PAD do not much vary with the pulse width, except for the very short-pulse regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi L Ishikawa
- Photon Science Center, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
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27
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Xiang D, Colby E, Dunning M, Gilevich S, Hast C, Jobe K, McCormick D, Nelson J, Raubenheimer TO, Soong K, Stupakov G, Szalata Z, Walz D, Weathersby S, Woodley M. Evidence of high harmonics from echo-enabled harmonic generation for seeding x-ray free electron lasers. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:024802. [PMID: 22324690 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.024802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Echo-enabled harmonic generation free electron lasers hold great promise for the generation of fully coherent radiation in x-ray wavelengths. Here we report the first evidence of high harmonics from the echo-enabled harmonic generation technique in the realistic scenario where the laser energy modulation is comparable to the beam slice energy spread. In this experiment, coherent radiation at the seventh harmonic of the second seed laser is generated when the energy modulation amplitude is about 2-3 times the slice energy spread. The experiment confirms the underlying physics of echo-enabled harmonic generation and may have a strong impact on emerging seeded x-ray free electron lasers that are capable of generating laserlike x rays which will advance many areas of science.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Xiang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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28
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Nagasono M, Harries JR, Iwayama H, Togashi T, Tono K, Yabashi M, Senba Y, Ohashi H, Ishikawa T, Shigemasa E. Observation of free-electron-laser-induced collective spontaneous emission (superfluorescence). PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:193603. [PMID: 22181606 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.193603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We have observed and characterized 501.6 nm collective spontaneous emission (superfluorescence) following 1s(2) → 1s3p excitation of helium atoms by 53.7 nm free-electron laser radiation. Emitted pulse energies of up to 100 nJ are observed, corresponding to a photon number conversion efficiency of up to 10%. We observe the peak intensity to scale as ρ(2) and the emitted pulse width and delay to scale as ρ(-1), where ρ is the atom number density. Emitted pulses as short as 1 ps are observed, which corresponds to a rate around 75,000 times faster than the spontaneous 1s3p → 1s2s decay rate. To our knowledge, this is the first observation of superfluorescence following pumping in the extreme ultraviolet wavelength region, and extension of the technique to the generation of extreme ultraviolet and x-ray superfluorescence pulses should be straightforward by using suitable atomic systems and pump wavelengths.
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Zhang Q, Takahashi EJ, Mücke OD, Lu P, Midorikawa K. Dual-chirped optical parametric amplification for generating few hundred mJ infrared pulses. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:7190-7212. [PMID: 21503032 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.007190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
An ultrafast high-power infrared pulse source employing a dual-chirped optical parametric amplification (DC-OPA) scheme based on a Ti:sapphire pump laser system is theoretically investigated. By chirping both pump and seed pulses in an optimized way, high-energy pump pulses can be utilized for a DC-OPA process without exceeding the damage threshold of BBO crystals, and broadband signal and idler pulses at 1.4 μm and 1.87 μm can be generated with a total conversion efficiency approaching 40%. Furthermore, few-cycle idler pulses with a passively stabilized carrier-envelope phase (CEP) can be generated by the difference frequency generation process in a collinear configuration. DC-OPA, a BBO-OPA scheme pumped by a Ti:sapphire laser, is efficient and scalable in output energy of the infrared pulses, which provides us with the design parameters of an ultrafast infrared laser system with an energy up to a few hundred mJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingbin Zhang
- Extreme Photonics Research Group, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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30
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Pedersoli E, Capotondi F, Cocco D, Zangrando M, Kaulich B, Menk RH, Locatelli A, Mentes TO, Spezzani C, Sandrin G, Bacescu DM, Kiskinova M, Bajt S, Barthelmess M, Barty A, Schulz J, Gumprecht L, Chapman HN, Nelson AJ, Frank M, Pivovaroff MJ, Woods BW, Bogan MJ, Hajdu J. Multipurpose modular experimental station for the DiProI beamline of Fermi@Elettra free electron laser. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2011; 82:043711. [PMID: 21529017 DOI: 10.1063/1.3582155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We present a compact modular apparatus with a flexible design that will be operated at the DiProI beamline of the Fermi@Elettra free electron laser (FEL) for performing static and time-resolved coherent diffraction imaging experiments, taking advantage of the full coherence and variable polarization of the short seeded FEL pulses. The apparatus has been assembled and the potential of the experimental setup is demonstrated by commissioning tests with coherent synchrotron radiation. This multipurpose experimental station will be open to general users after installation at the Fermi@Elettra free electron laser in 2011.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Pedersoli
- Fermi, Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14 - km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
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