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Keloth A, Anderson O, Risbridger D, Paterson L. Single Cell Isolation Using Optical Tweezers. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:mi9090434. [PMID: 30424367 PMCID: PMC6187562 DOI: 10.3390/mi9090434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Optical tweezers offer a non-contact method for selecting single cells and translocating them from one microenvironment to another. We have characterized the optical tweezing of yeast S. cerevisiae and can manipulate single cells at 0.41 ± 0.06 mm/s using a 26.8 ± 0.1 mW from a 785 nm diode laser. We have fabricated and tested three cell isolation devices; a micropipette, a PDMS chip and a laser machined fused silica chip and we have isolated yeast, single bacteria and cyanobacteria cells. The most effective isolation was achieved in PDMS chips, where single yeast cells were grown and observed for 18 h without contamination. The duration of budding in S. cerevisiae was not affected by the laser parameters used, but the time from tweezing until the first budding event began increased with increasing laser energy (laser power × time). Yeast cells tweezed using 25.0 ± 0.1 mW for 1 min were viable after isolation. We have constructed a micro-consortium of yeast cells, and a co-culture of yeast and bacteria, using optical tweezers in combination with the PDMS network of channels and isolation chambers, which may impact on both industrial biotechnology and understanding pathogen dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Keloth
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK.
| | - Owen Anderson
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK.
| | - Donald Risbridger
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK.
| | - Lynn Paterson
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK.
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Abstract
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The optical pickup
unit (OPU) within a CD/DVD/Blu-ray drive integrates
780, 650, and 405 nm wavelength lasers, diffraction-limited optics,
a high-bandwidth optoelectronic transducer up to 400 MHz, and a nanoresolution x-, z-axis, and tilt actuator in a compact
size. In addition, the OPU is a remarkable piece of engineering and
could enable different scientific applications such as sub-angstrom
displacement sensing, micro- and nanoimaging, and nanolithography.
Although off-the-shelf OPUs can be easily obtained, manufacturers
protect their datasheets under nondisclosure agreements to impede
their availability to the public. Thus, OPUs are black boxes that
few people can use for research, and only experienced researchers
can access all their functions. This review details the OPU mechanism
and components. In addition, we explain how to utilize three commercially
available triple-wavelength OPUs from scratch and optimize sensing
quality. Then, we discuss scientific research using OPUs, from standard
optical drive-based turnkey-biomarker array reading and OPU direct
bioapplications (cytometry, optical tweezing, bioimaging) to modified
OPU-based biosensing (DNA chip fluorescence scanning, biomolecular
diagnostics). We conclude by presenting future trends on optical storage
devices and potential applications. Hacking low-cost and high-performance
OPUs may spread micro- and nanoscale biosensing research from research
laboratories to citizen scientists around the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin En-Te Hwu
- Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Anja Boisen
- Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby 2800, Denmark
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Kasukurti A, Eggleton CD, Desai SA, Marr DWM. FACS-style detection for real-time cell viscoelastic cytometry. RSC Adv 2015; 5:105636-105642. [PMID: 26900453 PMCID: PMC4756765 DOI: 10.1039/c5ra24097b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell mechanical properties have been established as a label-free biophysical marker of cell viability and health; however, real-time methods with significant throughput for accurately and non-destructively measuring these properties remain widely unavailable. Without appropriate labels for use with fluorescence activated cell sorters (FACS), easily implemented real-time technology for tracking cell-level mechanical properties remains a current need. Employing modulated optical forces and enabled by a low-dimensional FACS-style detection method introduced here, we present a viscoelasticity cytometer (VC) capable of real-time and continuous measurements. We demonstrate the utility of this approach by tracking the high-frequency cell physical properties of populations of chemically-modified cells at rates of ~ 1 s-1 and explain observations within the context of a simple theoretical model.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kasukurti
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines
| | - C D Eggleton
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County
| | - S A Desai
- Laboratory for Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Bethesda, MD
| | - D W M Marr
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines
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Dsouza R, Subhash H, Neuhaus K, Kantamneni R, McNamara PM, Hogan J, Wilson C, Leahy M. Assessment of curing behavior of light-activated dental composites using intensity correlation based multiple reference optical coherence tomography. Lasers Surg Med 2015; 48:77-82. [PMID: 26612183 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Monitoring the curing kinetics of light-activated resin is a key area of research. These resins are used in restorative applications and particularly in dental applications. They can undergo volumetric shrinkage due to poor control of the depth dependent curing process, modulated by the intensity and duration of the curing light source. This often results in the formation of marginal gaps, causing pain and damage to the restoration site. In this study, we demonstrate the capabilities of a correlation method applied using a multiple references optical coherence tomography (MR-OCT) architecture to monitor the curing of the resin. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS A MR-OCT system is used in this study to monitor the curing of the resin. The system operates at the center wavelength of 1310 nm with an A-scan rate of 1200 A-scans per second. The axial and lateral resolution of the system is ∼13 μm and ∼27 μm. The method to determine the intensity correlation between adjacent B-frames is based on the Pearson correlation coefficient for a region of interest. Calculating the correlation coefficient for multiple B-frames related to the first B-frame at regular spaced time points, shows for a noncured resin a reduction of the correlation coefficient over time due to Brownian motion. The time constant of the reduction of the correlation value is a measure for the progress of the polymerization during LED light irradiation of the resin. The proposed approach is potentially a low-cost, powerful and unique optical imaging modality for measuring the curing behavior of dental resin and other resins, coatings, and adhesives in medical and industrial applications. RESULTS To demonstrate the proposed method to monitor the curing process, a light-activated resin composite from GRADIA DIRECT ANTERIOR (GC Corporation, Japan) is studied. The curing time of resin was measured and monitored as a function of depth. The correlation coefficient method is highly sensitive to Brownian motion. The process of curing results in a change in intensity as measured by the MR-OCT signal and hence can be monitored using this method. CONCLUSIONS These results show that MR-OCT has the potential to measure the curing time and monitor the curing process as a function of depth. Moreover, MR-OCT as a product has potential to be compact, low-cost and to fit into a smartphone. Using such a device for monitoring the curing of the resin will be suitable for dentists in stationary and mobile clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Dsouza
- Tissue Optics and Microcirculation Imaging Group, School of Physics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Hrebesh Subhash
- Tissue Optics and Microcirculation Imaging Group, School of Physics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Kai Neuhaus
- Tissue Optics and Microcirculation Imaging Group, School of Physics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Paul M McNamara
- Tissue Optics and Microcirculation Imaging Group, School of Physics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.,Compact Imaging Ireland Ltd., Galway, Ireland
| | - Josh Hogan
- Compact Imaging, Inc., 897 Independence Ave., Suite 5B, Mountain View, California, 94043
| | - Carol Wilson
- Compact Imaging, Inc., 897 Independence Ave., Suite 5B, Mountain View, California, 94043
| | - Martin Leahy
- Tissue Optics and Microcirculation Imaging Group, School of Physics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.,Royal College of Surgeons (RCSI), Dublin, Ireland
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Dsouza R, Subhash HM, Neuhaus K, Hogan J, Wilson C, Leahy M. 3D nondestructive testing system with an affordable multiple reference optical-delay-based optical coherence tomography. APPLIED OPTICS 2015; 54:5634-5638. [PMID: 26193006 DOI: 10.1364/ao.54.005634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is emerging as a powerful noncontact imaging technique, allowing high-quality cross-sectional imaging of scattering specimens nondestructively. However, the complexity and cost of current embodiments of an OCT system limit its use in various nondestructive testing (NDT) applications at resource-limited settings. In this paper, we demonstrate the feasibility of a novel low-cost OCT system for a range of nondestructive testing (NDT) applications. The proposed imaging system is based on an enhanced time-domain OCT system with a low cost and small form factor reference arm optical delay, called multiple reference OCT (MR-OCT), which uses a miniature voice coil actuator and a partial mirror for extending the axial scan range. The proposed approach is potentially a low-cost, compact, and unique optical imaging modality for a range of NDT applications in a low-resource setting. Using this method, we demonstrated the capability of MR-OCT to perform cross-sectional and volumetric imaging at 1200 A-scans per second.
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Sun N, Johnson J, Stack MS, Szajko J, Sander C, Rebuyon R, Deatsch A, Easton J, Tanner CE, Ruggiero ST. Nanoparticle analysis of cancer cells by light transmission spectroscopy. Anal Biochem 2015; 484:58-65. [PMID: 25981981 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We have measured the optical properties of cancer and normal whole cells and lysates using light transmission spectroscopy (LTS). LTS provides both the optical extinction coefficient in the wavelength range from 220 to 1100nm and (by spectral inversion using a Mie model) the particle distribution density in the size range from 1 to 3000nm. Our current work involves whole cells and lysates of cultured human oral cells in liquid suspension. We found systematic differences in the optical extinction between cancer and normal whole cells and lysates, which translate to different particle size distributions (PSDs) for these materials. Specifically, we found that cancer cells have distinctly lower concentrations of nanoparticles with diameters less than 100nm and have higher concentrations of particles with diameters from 100 to 1000nm-results that hold for both whole cells and lysates. We also found a power-law dependence of particle density with diameter over several orders of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sun
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - J Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - M S Stack
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - J Szajko
- F Cubed, South Bend, IN 46617, USA
| | - C Sander
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - R Rebuyon
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - A Deatsch
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - J Easton
- Ivy Tech, South Bend, IN 46601, USA
| | - C E Tanner
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - S T Ruggiero
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
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Kasukurti A, Eggleton CD, Desai SA, Disharoon DI, Marr DWM. A simple microfluidic dispenser for single-microparticle and cell samples. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:4673-9. [PMID: 25316326 PMCID: PMC4229394 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00863d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Non-destructive isolation of single-cells has become an important need for many biology research laboratories; however, there is a lack of easily employed and inexpensive tools. Here, we present a single-particle sample delivery approach fabricated from simple, economical components that may address this need. In this, we employ unique flow and timing strategies to bridge the significant force and length scale differences inherent in transitioning from single particle isolation to delivery. Demonstrating this approach, we use an optical trap to isolate individual microparticles and red blood cells that are dispensed within separate 50 μl droplets off a microfluidic chip for collection into microscope slides or microtiter plates.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kasukurti
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, USA.
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Dsouza R, Subhash H, Neuhaus K, Hogan J, Wilson C, Leahy M. Dermascope guided multiple reference optical coherence tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 5:2870-82. [PMID: 25401004 PMCID: PMC4230876 DOI: 10.1364/boe.5.002870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we report the feasibility of integrating a novel low cost optical coherence tomography (OCT) system with a dermascope for point-of-care applications. The proposed OCT system is based on an enhanced time-domain optical coherence tomographic system, called multiple reference OCT (MR-OCT), which uses a single miniature voice coil actuator and a partial mirror for extending the axial scan range. The system can simultaneously register both the superficial dermascope image and the depth-resolved OCT sub-surface information by an interactive beam steering method. A practitioner is able to obtain the depth resolved information of the point of interest by simply using the mouse cursor. The proposed approach of combining a dermascope with a low cost OCT provides a unique powerful optical imaging modality for a range of dermatological applications. Hand-held dermascopic OCT devices would also enable point of care and remote health monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Dsouza
- Tissue Optics and Microcirculation Imaging Group, School of Physics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Hrebesh Subhash
- Tissue Optics and Microcirculation Imaging Group, School of Physics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Kai Neuhaus
- Tissue Optics and Microcirculation Imaging Group, School of Physics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Josh Hogan
- Compact Imaging, Inc., 897 Independence Ave., Suite 5B, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA
| | - Carol Wilson
- Compact Imaging, Inc., 897 Independence Ave., Suite 5B, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA
| | - Martin Leahy
- Tissue Optics and Microcirculation Imaging Group, School of Physics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- Royal College of Surgeons (RCSI), Dublin, Ireland
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Yu ZTF, Yong KMA, Fu J. Microfluidic blood cell sorting: now and beyond. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:1687-703. [PMID: 24515899 PMCID: PMC4013196 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201302907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Blood plays an important role in homeostatic regulation with each of its cellular components having important therapeutic and diagnostic uses. Therefore, separation and sorting of blood cells hasa been of a great interest to clinicians and researchers. However, while conventional methods of processing blood have been successful in generating relatively pure fractions, they are time consuming, labor intensive, and are not optimal for processing small volume blood samples. In recent years, microfluidics has garnered great interest from clinicians and researchers as a powerful technology for separating blood into different cell fractions. As microfluidics involves fluid manipulation at the microscale level, it has the potential for achieving high-resolution separation and sorting of blood cells down to a single-cell level, with an added benefit of integrating physical and biological methods for blood cell separation and analysis on the same single chip platform. This paper will first review the conventional methods of processing and sorting blood cells, followed by a discussion on how microfluidics is emerging as an efficient tool to rapidly change the field of blood cell sorting for blood-based therapeutic and diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeta Tak For Yu
- Integrated Biosystems and Biomechanics Laboratory, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann
Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Koh Meng Aw Yong
- Integrated Biosystems and Biomechanics Laboratory, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann
Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jianping Fu
- Integrated Biosystems and Biomechanics Laboratory, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann
Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann
Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Hautefeuille M, Jimenez-Zenteno AK, Pérez-Alcázar PR, Hess-Frieling KM, Fernandez-Sanchez G, Velazquez V, Grether-Gonzalez M, Lopez-Moreno E. Utilization of a digital-versatile-disc pickup head for benchtop laser microfabrication. APPLIED OPTICS 2012; 51:1171-1177. [PMID: 22410998 DOI: 10.1364/ao.51.001171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Laser microfabrication is now offering interesting solutions to rapidly produce high-resolution photomasks or microstructures. However, most works require expensive commercial lasers and computer numerical control platforms, limiting its use by a large public. In this paper, we report the construction of a simple, custom-made, easily reproducible, automated laser system, based on a DVD optical pickup head. A user-friendly computer interface specifically designed to operate a motorized three-axis platform with micrometric precision controls focus distance and in-plane displacements. Writing performance characterization for both direct ablation and sintering of commercial black toner demonstrated flexibility in tridimensional microfabrication resolution and speed thanks to precise management of laser power and exposure time, with a minimal resolution of 3.1 μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Hautefeuille
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México DF, Mexico.
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