1
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Jeon H, Harvey M, Cisek R, Bennett E, Tokarz D. Characterization of pathological stomach tissue using polarization-sensitive second harmonic generation microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:5376-5391. [PMID: 37854565 PMCID: PMC10581783 DOI: 10.1364/boe.500335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in collagen ultrastructure between human gastric adenocarcinoma and normal gastric tissue were investigated using polarization-resolved second harmonic generation (PSHG) microscopy. Cylindrical and trigonal symmetries were assumed to extract quantitative PSHG parameters, ρ, κ and S, from each image pixel. Statistically significant variations in these values were observed for gastric adenocarcinoma, indicating a higher disorder of collagen. Numerical focal volume simulations of crossing fibrils indicate increased S parameter is due to more intersecting collagen fibrils of varying diameters. These parameters were also able to distinguish between different grades of gastric adenocarcinoma indicating that PSHG may be useful for automated cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwanhee Jeon
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Mary’s University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - MacAulay Harvey
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Mary’s University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - Richard Cisek
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Mary’s University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - Elisha Bennett
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Mary’s University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - Danielle Tokarz
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Mary’s University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 3C3, Canada
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2
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Lee J, Kim JG, Hong S, Kim YS, Ahn S, Kim R, Chun H, Park KD, Jeong Y, Kim DE, Lee CJ, Ku T, Kim P. Longitudinal intravital imaging of cerebral microinfarction reveals a dynamic astrocyte reaction leading to glial scar formation. Glia 2022; 70:975-988. [PMID: 35106851 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral microinfarct increases the risk of dementia. But how microscopic cerebrovascular disruption affects the brain tissue in cellular-level are mostly unknown. Herein, with a longitudinal intravital imaging, we serially visualized in vivo dynamic cellular-level changes in astrocyte, pericyte and neuron as well as microvascular integrity after the induction of cerebral microinfarction for 1 month in mice. At day 2-3, it revealed a localized edema with acute astrocyte loss, neuronal death, impaired pericyte-vessel coverage and extravascular leakage of 3 kDa dextran (but not 2 MDa dextran) indicating microinfarction-related blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction for small molecules. At day 5, the local edema disappeared with the partial restoration of microcirculation and recovery of pericyte-vessel coverage and BBB integrity. But brain tissue continued to shrink with persisted loss of astrocyte and neuron in microinfarct until 30 days, resulting in a collagen-rich fibrous scar surrounding the microinfarct. Notably, reactive astrocytes expressing glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) appeared at the peri-infarct area early at day 2 and thereafter accumulated in the peri-infarct until 30 days, inducing glial scar formation in cerebral cortex. Our longitudinal intravital imaging of serial microscopic neurovascular pathophysiology in cerebral microinfarction newly revealed that astrocytes are critically susceptible to the acute microinfarction and their reactive response leads to the fibrous glial scar formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingu Lee
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,KI for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Goon Kim
- KI for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujung Hong
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,KI for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Seo Kim
- KI for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Ahn
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,KI for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ryul Kim
- KI for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejung Chun
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Duk Park
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Bio-Med Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong Jeong
- KI for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Eog Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
| | - C Justin Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeyun Ku
- KI for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Pilhan Kim
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,KI for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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3
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Miler I, Rabasovic MD, Aleksic M, Krmpot AJ, Kalezic A, Jankovic A, Korac B, Korac A. Polarization-resolved SHG imaging as a fast screening method for collagen alterations during aging: Comparison with light and electron microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2021; 14:e202000362. [PMID: 33231371 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study on rat skin showed that cumulative oxidative pressure induces profound structural and ultrastructural alterations in both rat skin epidermis and dermis during aging. Here, we aimed to investigate the biophotonic properties of collagen as a main dermal component in the function of chronological aging. We used second harmonic generation (SHG) and two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) on 5 μm thick skin paraffin sections from 15-day-, 1-month- and 21-month-old rats, respectively, to analyze collagen alterations, in comparison to conventional light and electron microscopy methods. Obtained results show that polarization-resolved SHG (PSHG) images can detect collagen fiber alterations in line with chronological aging and that this method is consistent with light and electron microscopy. Moreover, the β coefficient calculated from PSHG images points out that delicate alterations lead to a more ordered structure of collagen molecules due to oxidative damage. The results of this study also open the possibility of successfully applying this fast and label-free method to previously fixed samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Miler
- Institute for Application of Nuclear Energy-INEP, University of Belgrade, Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia
| | | | - Marija Aleksic
- Faculty of Biology, Center for Electron Microscopy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Andjelika Kalezic
- Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Jankovic
- Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bato Korac
- Faculty of Biology, Center for Electron Microscopy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Korac
- Faculty of Biology, Center for Electron Microscopy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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4
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Mostaço-Guidolin LB, Smith MSD, Hewko M, Schattka B, Sowa MG, Major A, Ko ACT. Fractal dimension and directional analysis of elastic and collagen fiber arrangement in unsectioned arterial tissues affected by atherosclerosis and aging. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 126:638-646. [PMID: 30629475 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00497.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Structural proteins like collagen and elastin are major constituents of the extracellular matrix (ECM). ECM degradation and remodeling in diseases significantly impact the microorganization of these structural proteins. Therefore, tracking the changes of collagen and elastin fiber morphological features within ECM impacted by disease progression could provide valuable insight into pathological processes such as tissue fibrosis and atherosclerosis. Benefiting from its intrinsic high-resolution imaging power and superior biochemical specificity, nonlinear optical microscopy (NLOM) is capable of providing information critical to the understanding of ECM remodeling. In this study, alterations of structural fibrillar proteins such as collagen and elastin in arteries excised from atherosclerotic rabbits were assessed by the combination of NLOM images and textural analysis methods such as fractal dimension (FD) and directional analysis (DA). FD and DA were tested for their performance in tracking the changes of extracellular elastin and fibrillar collagen remodeling resulting from atherosclerosis progression/aging. Although other methods of image analysis to study the organization of elastin and collagen structures have been reported, the simplified calculations of FD and DA presented in this work prove that they are viable strategies for extracting and analyzing fiber-related morphology from disease-impacted tissues. Furthermore, this study also demonstrates the potential utility of FD and DA in studying ECM remodeling caused by other pathological processes such as respiratory diseases, several skin conditions, or even cancer. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Textural analyses such as fractal dimension (FD) and directional analysis (DA) are straightforward and computationally viable strategies to extract fiber-related morphological data from optical images. Therefore, objective, quantitative, and automated characterization of protein fiber morphology in extracellular matrix can be realized by using these methods in combination with digital imaging techniques such as nonlinear optical microscopy (NLOM), a highly effective visualization tool for fibrillar collagen and elastic network. Combining FD and DA with NLOM is an innovative approach to track alterations of structural fibrillar proteins. The results illustrated in this study not only prove the effectiveness of FD and DA methods in extracellular protein characterization but also demonstrate their potential value in clinical and basic biomedical research where protein microstructure characterization is critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila B Mostaço-Guidolin
- Medical Devices Research Centre, National Research Council Canada , Winnipeg, Manitoba , Canada.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, Manitoba , Canada
| | - Michael S D Smith
- Medical Devices Research Centre, National Research Council Canada , Winnipeg, Manitoba , Canada
| | - Mark Hewko
- Medical Devices Research Centre, National Research Council Canada , Winnipeg, Manitoba , Canada
| | - Bernie Schattka
- Medical Devices Research Centre, National Research Council Canada , Winnipeg, Manitoba , Canada
| | - Michael G Sowa
- Medical Devices Research Centre, National Research Council Canada , Winnipeg, Manitoba , Canada
| | - Arkady Major
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, Manitoba , Canada
| | - Alex C-T Ko
- Medical Devices Research Centre, National Research Council Canada , Winnipeg, Manitoba , Canada.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, Manitoba , Canada
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5
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Baria E, Nesi G, Santi R, Maio V, Massi D, Pratesi C, Cicchi R, Pavone FS. Improved label-free diagnostics and pathological assessment of atherosclerotic plaques through nonlinear microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2018; 11:e201800106. [PMID: 29931805 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201800106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Coronary heart disease is the most common type of heart disease caused by atherosclerosis. In fact, an arterial wall lesion centered on the accumulation of cholesterol-rich lipids and the accompanying inflammatory response generates a plaque, whose rupture may result in a thrombus with fatal consequences. Plaque characterization for assessing the severity of atherosclerosis is generally performed through standard histopathological examination based on hematoxylin/eosin staining, which is operator-dependent and requires relatively long procedures. In this framework, nonlinear optical microscopy is a valid, label-free alternative to standard diagnostic methods. We combined second-harmonic generation (SHG), two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy in a multimodal scheme for obtaining morphological and molecular information on human carotid ex vivo specimens affected by atherosclerosis. In this study, discrimination between different tissues within the atherosclerotic plaque was achieved based on both lifetime, TPEF-to-SHG ratio, and image pattern analysis. The presented methodology aims to be a starting point for future fully automated and fast characterization of atherosclerotic biopsies; moreover, it could be extended to the study of other tissues and pathologies. Combined TPEF/SHG mapping of a carotid specimen affected by atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Baria
- National Institute of Optics, National Research Council, Florence, Italy
| | - Gabriella Nesi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Raffaella Santi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Vincenza Maio
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniela Massi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Carlo Pratesi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Riccardo Cicchi
- National Institute of Optics, National Research Council, Florence, Italy
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco S Pavone
- National Institute of Optics, National Research Council, Florence, Italy
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Department of Physics, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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6
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de Wergifosse M, Botek E, De Meulenaere E, Clays K, Champagne B. ONIOM Investigation of the Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Responses of Fluorescent Proteins. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:4993-5005. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b01430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc de Wergifosse
- Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry, Unit of Theoretical and Structural Physical Chemistry, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Edith Botek
- Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry, Unit of Theoretical and Structural Physical Chemistry, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Evelien De Meulenaere
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Molecular Electronics and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Clays
- Laboratory for Molecular Electronics and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Benoît Champagne
- Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry, Unit of Theoretical and Structural Physical Chemistry, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
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7
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Romijn EI, Finnøy A, Kumar R, Lilledahl MB. Automated calibration and control for polarization-resolved second harmonic generation on commercial microscopes. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195027. [PMID: 29634729 PMCID: PMC5892897 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Polarization-resolved second harmonic generation (P-SHG) microscopy has evolved as a promising technique to reveal subresolution information about the structure and orientation of ordered biological macromolecules. To extend the adoption of the technique, it should be easily integrated onto commercial laser scanning microscopes. Furthermore, procedures for easy calibration and assessment of measurement accuracy are essential, and measurements should be fully automated to allow for analysis of large quantities of samples. In this paper we present a setup for P-SHG which is readily incorporated on commercial multiphoton microscopes. The entire system is completely automated which allows for rapid calibration through the freely available software and for automated imaging for different polarization measurements, including linear and circular polarization of the excitation beam. The results show that calibration settings are highly system dependent. We also show that the accuracy of the polarization control is easily quantified and that it varies between systems. The accuracy can be tuned by iterative alignment of optics or a more fine-grained calibration procedure. Images of real samples show that the red accuracy of the results is easily visualized with the automated setup. Through this system we believe that P-SHG could develop a wider adoption in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth I Romijn
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Andreas Finnøy
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Magnus B Lilledahl
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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8
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Mostaço-Guidolin L, Rosin NL, Hackett TL. Imaging Collagen in Scar Tissue: Developments in Second Harmonic Generation Microscopy for Biomedical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1772. [PMID: 28809791 PMCID: PMC5578161 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to respond to injury with tissue repair is a fundamental property of all multicellular organisms. The extracellular matrix (ECM), composed of fibrillar collagens as well as a number of other components is dis-regulated during repair in many organs. In many tissues, scaring results when the balance is lost between ECM synthesis and degradation. Investigating what disrupts this balance and what effect this can have on tissue function remains an active area of research. Recent advances in the imaging of fibrillar collagen using second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging have proven useful in enhancing our understanding of the supramolecular changes that occur during scar formation and disease progression. Here, we review the physical properties of SHG, and the current nonlinear optical microscopy imaging (NLOM) systems that are used for SHG imaging. We provide an extensive review of studies that have used SHG in skin, lung, cardiovascular, tendon and ligaments, and eye tissue to understand alterations in fibrillar collagens in scar tissue. Lastly, we review the current methods of image analysis that are used to extract important information about the role of fibrillar collagens in scar formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Mostaço-Guidolin
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada.
| | - Nicole L Rosin
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada.
| | - Tillie-Louise Hackett
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada.
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9
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Foolen J, Shiu JY, Mitsi M, Zhang Y, Chen CS, Vogel V. Full-Length Fibronectin Drives Fibroblast Accumulation at the Surface of Collagen Microtissues during Cell-Induced Tissue Morphogenesis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160369. [PMID: 27564551 PMCID: PMC5001707 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Generating and maintaining gradients of cell density and extracellular matrix (ECM) components is a prerequisite for the development of functionality of healthy tissue. Therefore, gaining insights into the drivers of spatial organization of cells and the role of ECM during tissue morphogenesis is vital. In a 3D model system of tissue morphogenesis, a fibronectin-FRET sensor recently revealed the existence of two separate fibronectin populations with different conformations in microtissues, i.e. 'compact and adsorbed to collagen' versus 'extended and fibrillar' fibronectin that does not colocalize with the collagen scaffold. Here we asked how the presence of fibronectin might drive this cell-induced tissue morphogenesis, more specifically the formation of gradients in cell density and ECM composition. Microtissues were engineered in a high-throughput model system containing rectangular microarrays of 12 posts, which constrained fibroblast-populated collagen gels, remodeled by the contractile cells into trampoline-shaped microtissues. Fibronectin's contribution during the tissue maturation process was assessed using fibronectin-knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts (Fn-/- MEFs) and floxed equivalents (Fnf/f MEFs), in fibronectin-depleted growth medium with and without exogenously added plasma fibronectin (full-length, or various fragments). In the absence of full-length fibronectin, Fn-/- MEFs remained homogenously distributed throughout the cell-contracted collagen gels. In contrast, in the presence of full-length fibronectin, both cell types produced shell-like tissues with a predominantly cell-free compacted collagen core and a peripheral surface layer rich in cells. Single cell assays then revealed that Fn-/- MEFs applied lower total strain energy on nanopillar arrays coated with either fibronectin or vitronectin when compared to Fnf/f MEFs, but that the presence of exogenously added plasma fibronectin rescued their contractility. While collagen decoration of single fibronectin fibers enhanced the non-persistent migration of both Fnf/f and Fn-/- MEFs, the migration speed was increased for Fn-/- MEFs on plasma fibronectin fibers compared to Fnf/f MEFs. In contrast, the average speed was the same for all cells on collagen-coated Fn fibers. A Fn-FRET sensor revealed that fibronectin on average was more extended on the microtissue surface compared to fibronectin in the core. Gradients of collagen-to-fibronectin ratios and of the fraction of collagen-adsorbed to stretched fibrillar fibronectin conformations might thereby provide critical cell migration cues. This study highlights a dominant role for fibronectin in tissue morphogenesis and the development of tissue heterogeneities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Foolen
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jau-Ye Shiu
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maria Mitsi
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yang Zhang
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christopher S. Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Viola Vogel
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, Zurich, Switzerland
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10
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Drifka CR, Loeffler AG, Mathewson K, Mehta G, Keikhosravi A, Liu Y, Lemancik S, Ricke WA, Weber SM, Kao WJ, Eliceiri KW. Comparison of Picrosirius Red Staining With Second Harmonic Generation Imaging for the Quantification of Clinically Relevant Collagen Fiber Features in Histopathology Samples. J Histochem Cytochem 2016; 64:519-29. [PMID: 27449741 DOI: 10.1369/0022155416659249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stromal collagen alignment has been shown to have clinical significance in a variety of cancers and in other diseases accompanied by fibrosis. While much of the biological and clinical importance of collagen changes has been demonstrated using second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging in experimental settings, implementation into routine clinical pathology practice is currently prohibitive. To translate the assessment of collagen organization into routine pathology workflow, a surrogate visualization method needs to be examined. The objective of the present study was to quantitatively compare collagen metrics generated from SHG microscopy and commonly available picrosirius red stain with standard polarization microscopy (PSR-POL). Each technique was quantitatively compared with established image segmentation and fiber tracking algorithms using human pancreatic cancer as a model, which is characterized by a pronounced stroma with reorganized collagen fibers. Importantly, PSR-POL produced similar quantitative trends for most collagen metrics in benign and cancerous tissues as measured by SHG. We found it notable that PSR-POL detects higher fiber counts, alignment, length, straightness, and width compared with SHG imaging but still correlates well with SHG results. PSR-POL may provide sufficient and additional information in a conventional clinical pathology laboratory for certain types of collagen quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole R Drifka
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin (CRD, AK, WJK, KWE),Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin (LOCI) (CRD, KM, GM, AK, YL, WJK, KWE),,Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin (CRD, KWE)
| | - Agnes G Loeffler
- Department of Surgical Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin (AGL),University of Wisconsin Comprehensive Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin (AGL, WAR, SMW, WJK, KWE)
| | - Kara Mathewson
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin (LOCI) (CRD, KM, GM, AK, YL, WJK, KWE)
| | - Guneet Mehta
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin (LOCI) (CRD, KM, GM, AK, YL, WJK, KWE)
| | - Adib Keikhosravi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin (CRD, AK, WJK, KWE),Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin (LOCI) (CRD, KM, GM, AK, YL, WJK, KWE)
| | - Yuming Liu
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin (LOCI) (CRD, KM, GM, AK, YL, WJK, KWE)
| | - Stephanie Lemancik
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin (SL, WAR)
| | - William A Ricke
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin (SL, WAR),George M. O'Brien Research Center of Excellence, Madison, Wisconsin (WAR),University of Wisconsin Comprehensive Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin (AGL, WAR, SMW, WJK, KWE)
| | - Sharon M Weber
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin (SMW, WJK),University of Wisconsin Comprehensive Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin (AGL, WAR, SMW, WJK, KWE)
| | - W John Kao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin (CRD, AK, WJK, KWE),Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin (LOCI) (CRD, KM, GM, AK, YL, WJK, KWE),,Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin (SMW, WJK),University of Wisconsin Comprehensive Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin (AGL, WAR, SMW, WJK, KWE)
| | - Kevin W Eliceiri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin (CRD, AK, WJK, KWE),Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin (LOCI) (CRD, KM, GM, AK, YL, WJK, KWE),,University of Wisconsin Comprehensive Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin (AGL, WAR, SMW, WJK, KWE),Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin (CRD, KWE)
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11
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Watson SR, Lessner SM. (Second) Harmonic Disharmony: Nonlinear Microscopy Shines New Light on the Pathology of Atherosclerosis. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2016; 22:589-98. [PMID: 27329310 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927616000842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
There has been increasing interest in second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging approaches for the investigation of atherosclerosis due to the deep penetration and three-dimensional sectioning capabilities of the nonlinear optical microscope. Atherosclerosis involves remodeling or alteration of the collagenous framework in affected vessels. The disease is often characterized by excessive collagen deposition and altered collagen organization. SHG has the capability to accurately characterize collagen structure, which is an essential component in understanding atherosclerotic lesion development and progression. As a structure-based imaging modality, SHG is most impactful in atherosclerosis evaluation in conjunction with other, chemically specific nonlinear optics (NLO) techniques to identify additional components of the lesion. These include the use of coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering and two-photon excitation fluorescence for studying atherosclerosis burden, and application of stimulated Raman scattering to image cholesterol crystals. However, very few NLO studies have attempted to quantitate differences in control versus atherosclerotic states or to correlate the application to clinical situations. This review highlights the potential of SHG imaging to directly and indirectly describe atherosclerosis as a pathological condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shana R Watson
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy,University of South Carolina School of Medicine,Columbia,SC,USA
| | - Susan M Lessner
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy,University of South Carolina School of Medicine,Columbia,SC,USA
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12
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Watson SR, Liu P, Peña EA, Sutton MA, Eberth JF, Lessner SM. Comparison of Aortic Collagen Fiber Angle Distribution in Mouse Models of Atherosclerosis Using Second-Harmonic Generation (SHG) Microscopy. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2016; 22:55-62. [PMID: 26739629 PMCID: PMC7563093 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927615015585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Characterization of collagen fiber angle distribution throughout the blood vessel wall provides insight into the mechanical behavior of healthy and diseased arteries and their capacity to remodel. Atherosclerotic plaque contributes to the overall mechanical behavior, yet little is known experimentally about how collagen fiber orientation is influenced by atherogenesis. We hypothesized that atherosclerotic lesion development, and the factors contributing to lesion development, leads to a shift in collagen fiber angles within the aorta. Second-harmonic generation microscopy was used to visualize the three-dimensional organization of collagen throughout the aortic wall and to examine structural differences in mice maintained on high-fat Western diet versus age-matched chow diet mice in a model of atherosclerosis. Image analysis was performed on thoracic and abdominal sections of the aorta from each mouse to determine fiber orientation, with the circumferential (0°) and blood flow directions (axial ±90°) as the two reference points. All measurements were used in a multiple regression analysis to determine the factors having a significant influence on mean collagen fiber angle. We found that mean absolute angle of collagen fibers is 43° lower in Western diet mice compared with chow diet mice. Mice on a chow diet have a mean collagen fiber angle of ±63°, whereas mice on a Western diet have a more circumferential fiber orientation (~20°). This apparent shift in absolute angle coincides with the development of extensive aortic atherosclerosis, suggesting that atherosclerotic factors contribute to collagen fiber angle orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shana R. Watson
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
| | - Piaomu Liu
- Department of Statistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Edsel A. Peña
- Department of Statistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Michael A. Sutton
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - John F. Eberth
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
| | - Susan M. Lessner
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
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13
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Mostaço-Guidolin LB, Kohlenberg EK, Smith M, Hewko M, Major A, Sowa MG, Ko ACT. Quantitative nonlinear optical assessment of atherosclerosis progression in rabbits. Anal Chem 2014; 86:6346-54. [PMID: 24892226 DOI: 10.1021/ac5005635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Quantification of atherosclerosis has been a challenging task owing to its complex pathology. In this study, we validated a quantitative approach for assessing atherosclerosis progression in a rabbit model using a numerical matrix, optical index for plaque burden, derived directly from the nonlinear optical microscopic images captured on the atherosclerosis-affected blood vessel. A positive correlation between this optical index and the severity of atherosclerotic lesions, represented by the age of the rabbits, was established based on data collected from 21 myocardial infarction-prone Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits with age ranging between new-born and 27 months old. The same optical index also accurately identified high-risk locations for atherosclerotic plaque formation along the entire aorta, which was validated by immunohistochemical fluorescence imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila B Mostaço-Guidolin
- National Research Council Canada , Medical Devices Portfolio, 435 Ellice Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3B 1Y6
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14
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Cicchi R, Matthäus C, Meyer T, Lattermann A, Dietzek B, Brehm BR, Popp J, Pavone FS. Characterization of collagen and cholesterol deposition in atherosclerotic arterial tissue using non-linear microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2014; 7:135-43. [PMID: 23861313 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201300055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is characterized by the accumulation of lipids within the arterial wall and is commonly diagnosed using standard histology. Non-linear microscopy represents a possible label-free alternative to standard diagnostic methods for imaging various tissue components. Here we employ SHG and CARS microscopy for imaging thin cross-sections of atherosclerotic arterial tissue, demonstrating that both cholesterol deposition in the lumen and collagen in the normal arterial wall can be imaged and discriminated using SHG and CARS microscopy. A simultaneous detection of both forward and backward scattered SHG signals allows distinguishing collagen fibres from cholesterol. Further analysis, based on image pattern evaluation algorithms, is used to characterize collagen organization in the healthy arterial wall against collagen found within plaques. Different values of fibre mean size, distribution and anisotropy are calculated for lumen and media prospectively allowing for automated classification of atherosclerotic lesions. The presented method represents a promising diagnostic tool for evaluating atherosclerotic tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Cicchi
- National Institute of Optics, National Research Council INO-CNR, Largo E. Fermi 6, 50125, Florence, Italy; European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy LENS, Via Nello Carrara 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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15
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Ko ACT, Ridsdale A, Mostaço-Guidolin LB, Major A, Stolow A, Sowa MG. Nonlinear optical microscopy in decoding arterial diseases. Biophys Rev 2012; 4:323-334. [PMID: 28510209 PMCID: PMC5425695 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-012-0077-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological understanding of arterial diseases is mainly attributable to histological observations based on conventional tissue staining protocols. The emerging development of nonlinear optical microscopy (NLOM), particularly in second-harmonic generation, two-photon excited fluorescence and coherent Raman scattering, provides a new venue to visualize pathological changes in the extracellular matrix caused by atherosclerosis progression. These techniques in general require minimal tissue preparation and offer rapid three-dimensional imaging. The capability of label-free microscopic imaging enables disease impact to be studied directly on the bulk artery tissue, thus minimally perturbing the sample. In this review, we look at recent progress in applications related to arterial disease imaging using various forms of NLOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex C-T Ko
- National Research Council Canada, Institute for Biodiagnostics, 435 Ellice Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3B 1Y6.
| | - Andrew Ridsdale
- National Research Council Canada, Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1A 0R6
| | - Leila B Mostaço-Guidolin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba, 75A Chancellor's Circle, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3T 5V6
| | - Arkady Major
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba, 75A Chancellor's Circle, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3T 5V6
| | - Albert Stolow
- National Research Council Canada, Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1A 0R6
| | - Michael G Sowa
- National Research Council Canada, Institute for Biodiagnostics, 435 Ellice Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3B 1Y6
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