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Johnson C, Guo M, Schneider MC, Su Y, Khuon S, Reiser N, Wu Y, La Riviere P, Shroff H. Phase diversity-based wavefront sensing for fluorescence microscopy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.12.19.572369. [PMID: 38168170 PMCID: PMC10760184 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.19.572369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescence microscopy is an invaluable tool in biology, yet its performance is compromised when the wavefront of light is distorted due to optical imperfections or the refractile nature of the sample. Such optical aberrations can dramatically lower the information content of images by degrading image contrast, resolution, and signal. Adaptive optics (AO) methods can sense and subsequently cancel the aberrated wavefront, but are too complex, inefficient, slow, or expensive for routine adoption by most labs. Here we introduce a rapid, sensitive, and robust wavefront sensing scheme based on phase diversity, a method successfully deployed in astronomy but underused in microscopy. Our method enables accurate wavefront sensing to less than λ/35 root mean square (RMS) error with few measurements, and AO with no additional hardware besides a corrective element. After validating the method with simulations, we demonstrate calibration of a deformable mirror > 100-fold faster than comparable methods (corresponding to wavefront sensing on the ~100 ms scale), and sensing and subsequent correction of severe aberrations (RMS wavefront distortion exceeding λ/2), restoring diffraction-limited imaging on extended biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Johnson
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Min Guo
- Current address: State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Laboratory of High Resolution Optical Imaging, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Yijun Su
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), Ashburn, VA, USA
- Laboratory of High Resolution Optical Imaging, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Satya Khuon
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Nikolaj Reiser
- Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yicong Wu
- Laboratory of High Resolution Optical Imaging, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Patrick La Riviere
- Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- MBL Fellows Program, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Hari Shroff
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), Ashburn, VA, USA
- Laboratory of High Resolution Optical Imaging, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- MBL Fellows Program, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, USA
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Yoon S, Cheon SY, Park S, Lee D, Lee Y, Han S, Kim M, Koo H. Recent advances in optical imaging through deep tissue: imaging probes and techniques. Biomater Res 2022; 26:57. [PMID: 36273205 PMCID: PMC9587606 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-022-00303-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical imaging has been essential for scientific observations to date, however its biomedical applications has been restricted due to its poor penetration through tissues. In living tissue, signal attenuation and limited imaging depth caused by the wave distortion occur because of scattering and absorption of light by various molecules including hemoglobin, pigments, and water. To overcome this, methodologies have been proposed in the various fields, which can be mainly categorized into two stategies: developing new imaging probes and optical techniques. For example, imaging probes with long wavelength like NIR-II region are advantageous in tissue penetration. Bioluminescence and chemiluminescence can generate light without excitation, minimizing background signals. Afterglow imaging also has high a signal-to-background ratio because excitation light is off during imaging. Methodologies of adaptive optics (AO) and studies of complex media have been established and have produced various techniques such as direct wavefront sensing to rapidly measure and correct the wave distortion and indirect wavefront sensing involving modal and zonal methods to correct complex aberrations. Matrix-based approaches have been used to correct the high-order optical modes by numerical post-processing without any hardware feedback. These newly developed imaging probes and optical techniques enable successful optical imaging through deep tissue. In this review, we discuss recent advances for multi-scale optical imaging within deep tissue, which can provide reseachers multi-disciplinary understanding and broad perspectives in diverse fields including biophotonics for the purpose of translational medicine and convergence science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokchan Yoon
- School of Biomedical Convergence Engineering, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Young Cheon
- Department of Medical Life Sciences and Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangjun Park
- Department of Medical Life Sciences and Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyun Lee
- Department of Medical Life Sciences and Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeeun Lee
- Department of Medical Life Sciences and Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokyoung Han
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40208, USA
| | - Moonseok Kim
- Department of Medical Life Sciences and Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
| | - Heebeom Koo
- Department of Medical Life Sciences and Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea. .,Catholic Photomedicine Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Deng K, Wang X, Cai C, Cui M, Zuo H, Luo J, Ma C. Multi-segmented feature coupling for jointly reconstructing initial pressure and speed of sound in photoacoustic computed tomography. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2022; 27:076001. [PMID: 35778781 PMCID: PMC9247326 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.27.7.076001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT) is a fast-growing imaging modality. In PACT, the image quality is degraded due to the unknown distribution of the speed of sound (SoS). Emerging initial pressure (IP) and SoS joint-reconstruction methods promise reduced artifacts in PACT. However, previous joint-reconstruction methods have some deficiencies. A more effective method has promising prospects in preclinical applications. AIM We propose a multi-segmented feature coupling (MSFC) method for SoS-IP joint reconstruction in PACT. APPROACH In the proposed method, the ultrasound detectors were divided into multiple sub-arrays with each sub-array and its opposite counterpart considered to be a pair. The delay and sum algorithm was then used to reconstruct two images based on a subarray pair and estimated a direction-specific SoS, based on image correlation and the orientation of the subarrays. Once the data generated by all pairs of subarrays were processed, an image that was optimized in terms of minimal feature splitting in all directions was generated. Further, based on the direction-specific SoS, a model-based method was used to directly reconstruct the SoS distribution. RESULTS Both phantom and animal experiments demonstrated feasibility and showed promising results compared with conventional methods, with less splitting and blurring and fewer distortions. CONCLUSIONS The developed MSFC method shows promising results for both IP and SoS reconstruction. The MSFC method will help to optimize the image quality of PACT in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Deng
- Tsinghua University, School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Beijing, China
| | - Xuanhao Wang
- Tsinghua University, Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing, China
| | - Chuangjian Cai
- Tsinghua University, School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Beijing, China
| | - Manxiu Cui
- Tsinghua University, Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing, China
| | - Hongzhi Zuo
- Tsinghua University, Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing, China
| | - Jianwen Luo
- Tsinghua University, School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Ma
- Tsinghua University, Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua University, Institute for Precision Healthcare, Beijing, China
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4
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Liu S, Xia F, Yang X, Wu M, Bizimana LA, Xu C, Adie SG. Closed-loop wavefront sensing and correction in the mouse brain with computed optical coherence microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:4934-4954. [PMID: 34513234 PMCID: PMC8407825 DOI: 10.1364/boe.427979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Optical coherence microscopy (OCM) uses interferometric detection to capture the complex optical field with high sensitivity, which enables computational wavefront retrieval using back-scattered light from the sample. Compared to a conventional wavefront sensor, aberration sensing with OCM via computational adaptive optics (CAO) leverages coherence and confocal gating to obtain signals from the focus with less cross-talk from other depths or transverse locations within the field-of-view. Here, we present an investigation of the performance of CAO-based aberration sensing in simulation, bead phantoms, and ex vivo mouse brain tissue. We demonstrate that, due to the influence of the double-pass confocal OCM imaging geometry on the shape of computed pupil functions, computational sensing of high-order aberrations can suffer from signal attenuation in certain spatial-frequency bands and shape similarity with lower order counterparts. However, by sensing and correcting only low-order aberrations (astigmatism, coma, and trefoil), we still successfully corrected tissue-induced aberrations, leading to 3× increase in OCM signal intensity at a depth of ∼0.9 mm in a freshly dissected ex vivo mouse brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyang Liu
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- These authors contribute equally to this work
| | - Fei Xia
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- These authors contribute equally to this work
| | - Xusan Yang
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Meiqi Wu
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Laurie A. Bizimana
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Chris Xu
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Steven G. Adie
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Cui M, Zuo H, Wang X, Deng K, Luo J, Ma C. Adaptive photoacoustic computed tomography. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2021; 21:100223. [PMID: 33364162 PMCID: PMC7750694 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2020.100223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
For many optical imaging modalities, image qualities are inevitably degraded by wavefront distortions caused by varying light speed. In optical microscopy and astronomy, adaptive optics (AO) has long been applied to compensate for such unwanted aberrations. Photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT), despite relying on the ultrasonic wave for image formation, suffers from the acoustic version of the same problem. However, this problem has traditionally been regarded as an inverse problem of jointly reconstructing both the initial pressure and the sound speed distributions. In this work, we proposed a method similar to indirect wavefront sensing in AO. We argued that wavefront distortions can be extracted and corrected by a frequency domain analysis of local images. In addition to an adaptively reconstructed aberration-free image, the speed of sound map can be subsequently estimated. We demonstrated the method by in silico, phantom, and in vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manxiu Cui
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Hongzhi Zuo
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xunahao Wang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Kexin Deng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jianwen Luo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Cheng Ma
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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6
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Saha D, Schmidt U, Zhang Q, Barbotin A, Hu Q, Ji N, Booth MJ, Weigert M, Myers EW. Practical sensorless aberration estimation for 3D microscopy with deep learning. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:29044-29053. [PMID: 33114810 PMCID: PMC7679184 DOI: 10.1364/oe.401933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Estimation of optical aberrations from volumetric intensity images is a key step in sensorless adaptive optics for 3D microscopy. Recent approaches based on deep learning promise accurate results at fast processing speeds. However, collecting ground truth microscopy data for training the network is typically very difficult or even impossible thereby limiting this approach in practice. Here, we demonstrate that neural networks trained only on simulated data yield accurate predictions for real experimental images. We validate our approach on simulated and experimental datasets acquired with two different microscopy modalities and also compare the results to non-learned methods. Additionally, we study the predictability of individual aberrations with respect to their data requirements and find that the symmetry of the wavefront plays a crucial role. Finally, we make our implementation freely available as open source software in Python.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debayan Saha
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Saxony 01307, Germany
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden, Dresden, Saxony 01307, Germany
| | - Uwe Schmidt
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Saxony 01307, Germany
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden, Dresden, Saxony 01307, Germany
| | - Qinrong Zhang
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Aurelien Barbotin
- University of Oxford, Department of Engineering Science, Oxford OX13PJ, UK
| | - Qi Hu
- University of Oxford, Department of Engineering Science, Oxford OX13PJ, UK
| | - Na Ji
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Martin J. Booth
- University of Oxford, Department of Engineering Science, Oxford OX13PJ, UK
| | - Martin Weigert
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Saxony 01307, Germany
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden, Dresden, Saxony 01307, Germany
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne CH1015, Switzerland
| | - Eugene W. Myers
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Saxony 01307, Germany
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden, Dresden, Saxony 01307, Germany
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7
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Hall N, Titlow J, Booth MJ, Dobbie IM. Microscope-AOtools: a generalised adaptive optics implementation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:28987-29003. [PMID: 33114806 PMCID: PMC8219375 DOI: 10.1364/oe.401117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Aberrations arising from sources such as sample heterogeneity and refractive index mismatches are constant problems in biological imaging. These aberrations reduce image quality and the achievable depth of imaging, particularly in super-resolution microscopy techniques. Adaptive optics (AO) technology has been proven to be effective in correcting for these aberrations, thereby improving the image quality. However, it has not been widely adopted by the biological imaging community due, in part, to difficulty in set-up and operation of AO. The methods for doing so are not novel or unknown, but new users often waste time and effort reimplementing existing methods for their specific set-ups, hardware, sample types, etc. Microscope-AOtools offers a robust, easy-to-use implementation of the essential methods for set-up and use of AO elements and techniques. These methods are constructed in a generalised manner that can utilise a range of adaptive optics elements, wavefront sensing techniques and sensorless AO correction methods. Furthermore, the methods are designed to be easily extensible as new techniques arise, leading to a streamlined pipeline for new AO technology and techniques to be adopted by the wider microscopy community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Hall
- Micron Advanced Bioimaging Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Josh Titlow
- Davis Lab, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Martin J. Booth
- Micron Advanced Bioimaging Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK
| | - Ian M. Dobbie
- Micron Advanced Bioimaging Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
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8
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Rajaeipour P, Dorn A, Banerjee K, Zappe H, Ataman Ç. Extended field-of-view adaptive optics in microscopy via numerical field segmentation. APPLIED OPTICS 2020; 59:3784-3791. [PMID: 32400506 DOI: 10.1364/ao.388000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sample-induced optical aberrations in microscopy are, in general, field dependent, limiting their correction via pupil adaptive optics (AO) to the center of the available field-of-view (FoV). This is a major hindrance, particularly for deep tissue imaging, where AO has a significant impact. We present a new wide-field AO microscopy scheme, in which the deformable element is located at the pupil plane of the objective. To maintain high-quality correction across its entirety, the FoV is partitioned into small segments, and a separate aberration estimation is performed for each via a modal-decomposition-based indirect wavefront sensing algorithm. A final full-field image is synthesized by stitching of the partitions corrected consecutively and independently via their respective measured aberrations. The performance and limitations of the method are experimentally explored on synthetic samples imaged via a custom-developed AO fluorescence microscope featuring an optofluidic refractive wavefront modulator.
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9
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Zhao Q, Shi X, Zhu X, Zheng Y, Wu C, Tang H, Hu L, Xue Y, Gong W, Si K. Large field of view correction by using conjugate adaptive optics with multiple guide stars. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2019; 12:e201800225. [PMID: 30141268 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201800225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Adaptive optics has been widely used in the optical microscopy to recover high-resolution images deep into the sample. However, the corrected field of view (FOV) with a single correction is generally limited, which seriously restricts the imaging speed. In this article, we demonstrate a high-speed wavefront correction method by using the conjugate adaptive optical correction with multiple guide stars (CAOMG) based on the coherent optical adaptive technique. The results show that the CAOMG method can greatly improve the corrected FOV. For 120-μm-thick mouse brain tissue, the corrected FOV can be improved up to ~243 times of the conventional pupil adaptive optics (PAO) without additional time consumption. Therefore, this study shows the potential of high-speed imaging through scattering medium in biological science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhao
- Center for Neuroscience, Department of Neurobiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang, University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinpei Zhu
- Center for Neuroscience, Department of Neurobiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang, University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yao Zheng
- Center for Neuroscience, Department of Neurobiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang, University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenxue Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hengjie Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lejia Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Gong
- Center for Neuroscience, Department of Neurobiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang, University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ke Si
- Center for Neuroscience, Department of Neurobiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang, University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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10
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Aberration correction considering curved sample surface shape for non-contact two-photon excitation microscopy with spatial light modulator. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9252. [PMID: 29915203 PMCID: PMC6018692 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27693-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, excitation light wavefront modulation is performed considering the curved sample surface shape to demonstrate high-quality deep observation using two-photon excitation microscopy (TPM) with a dry objective lens. A large spherical aberration typically occurs when the refractive index (RI) interface between air and the sample is a plane perpendicular to the optical axis. Moreover, the curved sample surface shape and the RI mismatch cause various aberrations, including spherical ones. Consequently, the fluorescence intensity and resolution of the obtained image are degraded in the deep regions. To improve them, we designed a pre-distortion wavefront for correcting the aberration caused by the curved sample surface shape by using a novel, simple optical path length difference calculation method. The excitation light wavefront is modulated to the pre-distortion wavefront by a spatial light modulator incorporated in the TPM system before passing through the interface, where the RI mismatch occurs. Thus, the excitation light is condensed without aberrations. Blood vessels were thereby observed up to an optical depth of 2,000 μm in a cleared mouse brain by using a dry objective lens.
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11
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Rodríguez C, Ji N. Adaptive optical microscopy for neurobiology. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2018; 50:83-91. [PMID: 29427808 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
With the ability to correct for the aberrations introduced by biological specimens, adaptive optics-a method originally developed for astronomical telescopes-has been applied to optical microscopy to recover diffraction-limited imaging performance deep within living tissue. In particular, this technology has been used to improve image quality and provide a more accurate characterization of both structure and function of neurons in a variety of living organisms. Among its many highlights, adaptive optical microscopy has made it possible to image large volumes with diffraction-limited resolution in zebrafish larval brains, to resolve dendritic spines over 600μm deep in the mouse brain, and to more accurately characterize the orientation tuning properties of thalamic boutons in the primary visual cortex of awake mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Rodríguez
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Na Ji
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA; Department of Physics, Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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12
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Zheng W, Wu Y, Winter P, Fischer R, Nogare DD, Hong A, McCormick C, Christensen R, Dempsey WP, Arnold DB, Zimmerberg J, Chitnis A, Sellers J, Waterman C, Shroff H. Adaptive optics improves multiphoton super-resolution imaging. Nat Methods 2017. [PMID: 28628128 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.4337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We improve multiphoton structured illumination microscopy using a nonlinear guide star to determine optical aberrations and a deformable mirror to correct them. We demonstrate our method on bead phantoms, cells in collagen gels, nematode larvae and embryos, Drosophila brain, and zebrafish embryos. Peak intensity is increased (up to 40-fold) and resolution recovered (up to 176 ± 10 nm laterally, 729 ± 39 nm axially) at depths ∼250 μm from the coverslip surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zheng
- Section on High Resolution Optical Imaging, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yicong Wu
- Section on High Resolution Optical Imaging, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter Winter
- Section on High Resolution Optical Imaging, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert Fischer
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Damian Dalle Nogare
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Amy Hong
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Chad McCormick
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ryan Christensen
- Section on High Resolution Optical Imaging, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - William P Dempsey
- Department of Biology, Section of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Don B Arnold
- Department of Biology, Section of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Joshua Zimmerberg
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ajay Chitnis
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - James Sellers
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Clare Waterman
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Hari Shroff
- Section on High Resolution Optical Imaging, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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13
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Viegers M, Brunner E, Soloviev O, de Visser CC, Verhaegen M. Nonlinear spline wavefront reconstruction through moment-based Shack-Hartmann sensor measurements. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:11514-11529. [PMID: 28788716 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.011514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We propose a spline-based aberration reconstruction method through moment measurements (SABRE-M). The method uses first and second moment information from the focal spots of the SH sensor to reconstruct the wavefront with bivariate simplex B-spline basis functions. The proposed method, since it provides higher order local wavefront estimates with quadratic and cubic basis functions can provide the same accuracy for SH arrays with a reduced number of subapertures and, correspondingly, larger lenses which can be beneficial for application in low light conditions. In numerical experiments the performance of SABRE-M is compared to that of the first moment method SABRE for aberrations of different spatial orders and for different sizes of the SH array. The results show that SABRE-M is superior to SABRE, in particular for the higher order aberrations and that SABRE-M can give equal performance as SABRE on a SH grid of halved sampling.
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14
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Tao X, Lam T, Zhu B, Li Q, Reinig MR, Kubby J. Three-dimensional focusing through scattering media using conjugate adaptive optics with remote focusing (CAORF). OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:10368-10383. [PMID: 28468409 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.010368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The small correction volume for conventional wavefront shaping methods limits their application in biological imaging through scattering media. We demonstrate large volume wavefront shaping through a scattering layer with a single correction by conjugate adaptive optics and remote focusing (CAORF). The remote focusing module can maintain the conjugation between the adaptive optical (AO) element and the scattering layer during three-dimensional scanning. This new configuration provides a wider correction volume by better utilization of the memory effect in a fast three-dimensional laser scanning microscope. Our results show that the proposed system can provide 10 times wider axial field of view compared with a conventional conjugate AO system when 16,384 segments are used on a spatial light modulator. We also demonstrate three-dimensional fluorescence imaging, multi-spot patterning through a scattering layer and two-photon imaging through mouse skull tissue.
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15
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Adaptive optical fluorescence microscopy. Nat Methods 2017; 14:374-380. [DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.4218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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16
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Tanabe A, Hibi T, Ipponjima S, Matsumoto K, Yokoyama M, Kurihara M, Hashimoto N, Nemoto T. Transmissive liquid-crystal device for correcting primary coma aberration and astigmatism in biospecimen in two-photon excitation laser scanning microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:121503. [PMID: 27624000 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.12.121503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
All aberrations produced inside a biospecimen can degrade the quality of a three-dimensional image in two-photon excitation laser scanning microscopy. Previously, we developed a transmissive liquid-crystal device to correct spherical aberrations that improved the image quality of a fixed-mouse-brain slice treated with an optical clearing reagent. In this study, we developed a transmissive device that corrects primary coma aberration and astigmatism. The motivation for this study is that asymmetric aberration can be induced by the shape of a biospecimen and/or by a complicated refractive-index distribution in a sample; this can considerably degrade optical performance even near the sample surface. The device’s performance was evaluated by observing fluorescence beads. The device was inserted between the objective lens and microscope revolver and succeeded in improving the spatial resolution and fluorescence signal of a bead image that was originally degraded by asymmetric aberration. Finally, we implemented the device for observing a fixed whole mouse brain with a sloping surface shape and complicated internal refractive-index distribution. The correction with the device improved the spatial resolution and increased the fluorescence signal by ?2.4×. The device can provide a simple approach to acquiring higher-quality images of biospecimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayano Tanabe
- Hokkaido University, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, N14W9, Kita-Ward, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0814, JapanbHokkaido University, Research Institute for Electronic Science, N20W10, Kita-Ward, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, JapancCitizen Holdings Co., Ltd., 840, Shimotomi, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8511, Japan
| | - Terumasa Hibi
- Hokkaido University, Research Institute for Electronic Science, N20W10, Kita-Ward, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Sari Ipponjima
- Hokkaido University, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, N14W9, Kita-Ward, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0814, JapanbHokkaido University, Research Institute for Electronic Science, N20W10, Kita-Ward, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsumoto
- Citizen Holdings Co., Ltd., 840, Shimotomi, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8511, Japan
| | - Masafumi Yokoyama
- Citizen Holdings Co., Ltd., 840, Shimotomi, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8511, Japan
| | - Makoto Kurihara
- Citizen Holdings Co., Ltd., 840, Shimotomi, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8511, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Hashimoto
- Citizen Holdings Co., Ltd., 840, Shimotomi, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8511, Japan
| | - Tomomi Nemoto
- Hokkaido University, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, N14W9, Kita-Ward, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0814, JapanbHokkaido University, Research Institute for Electronic Science, N20W10, Kita-Ward, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
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17
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Coles BC, Webb SED, Schwartz N, Rolfe DJ, Martin-Fernandez M, Lo Schiavo V. Characterisation of the effects of optical aberrations in single molecule techniques. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 7:1755-67. [PMID: 27231619 PMCID: PMC4871079 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.001755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Optical aberrations degrade image quality in fluorescence microscopy, including for single-molecule based techniques. These depend on post-processing to localize individual molecules in an image series. Using simulated data, we show the impact of optical aberrations on localization success, accuracy and precision. The peak intensity and the proportion of successful localizations strongly reduces when the aberration strength is greater than 1.0 rad RMS, while the precision of each of those localisations is halved. The number of false-positive localisations exceeded 10% of the number of true-positive localisations at an aberration strength of only ~0.6 rad RMS when using the ThunderSTORM package, but at greater than 1.0 rad RMS with the Radial Symmetry package. In the presence of coma, the localization error reaches 100 nm at ~0.6 rad RMS of aberration strength. The impact of noise and of astigmatism for axial resolution are also considered. Understanding the effect of aberrations is crucial when deciding whether the addition of adaptive optics to a single-molecule microscope could significantly increase the information obtainable from an image series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin C. Coles
- Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0FA, UK
| | - Stephen E. D. Webb
- Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0FA, UK
| | - Noah Schwartz
- UK ATC, Royal Observatory Edinburgh, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh, EH9 3HJ, UK
| | - Daniel J. Rolfe
- Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0FA, UK
| | - Marisa Martin-Fernandez
- Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0FA, UK
| | - Valentina Lo Schiavo
- Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0FA, UK
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18
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Tanabe A, Hibi T, Ipponjima S, Matsumoto K, Yokoyama M, Kurihara M, Hashimoto N, Nemoto T. Correcting spherical aberrations in a biospecimen using a transmissive liquid crystal device in two-photon excitation laser scanning microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2015; 20:101204. [PMID: 26244766 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.20.10.101204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Two-photon excitation laser scanning microscopy has enabled the visualization of deep regions in a biospecimen. However, refractive-index mismatches in the optical path cause spherical aberrations that degrade spatial resolution and the fluorescence signal, especially during observation at deeper regions. Recently, we developed transmissive liquid-crystal devices for correcting spherical aberration without changing the basic design of the optical path in a conventional laser scanning microscope. In this study, the device was inserted in front of the objective lens and supplied with the appropriate voltage according to the observation depth. First, we evaluated the device by observing fluorescent beads in single- and two-photon excitation laser scanning microscopes. Using a 25× water-immersion objective lens with a numerical aperture of 1.1 and a sample with a refractive index of 1.38, the device recovered the spatial resolution and the fluorescence signal degraded within a depth of 0.6 mm. Finally, we implemented the device for observation of a mouse brain slice in a two-photon excitation laser scanning microscope. An optical clearing reagent with a refractive index of 1.42 rendered the fixed mouse brain transparent. The device improved the spatial resolution and the yellow fluorescent protein signal within a depth of 0-0.54 mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayano Tanabe
- Hokkaido University, Research Institute for Electronic Science, N20W10, Kita-Ward, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, JapanbHokkaido University, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, N14W9, Kita-Ward, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0814, JapancCitizen Ho
| | - Terumasa Hibi
- Hokkaido University, Research Institute for Electronic Science, N20W10, Kita-Ward, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, JapanbHokkaido University, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, N14W9, Kita-Ward, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0814, Japan
| | - Sari Ipponjima
- Hokkaido University, Research Institute for Electronic Science, N20W10, Kita-Ward, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, JapanbHokkaido University, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, N14W9, Kita-Ward, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0814, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsumoto
- Citizen Holdings Co. Ltd., 840, Shimotomi, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8511, Japan
| | - Masafumi Yokoyama
- Citizen Holdings Co. Ltd., 840, Shimotomi, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8511, Japan
| | - Makoto Kurihara
- Citizen Holdings Co. Ltd., 840, Shimotomi, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8511, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Hashimoto
- Citizen Holdings Co. Ltd., 840, Shimotomi, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8511, Japan
| | - Tomomi Nemoto
- Hokkaido University, Research Institute for Electronic Science, N20W10, Kita-Ward, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, JapanbHokkaido University, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, N14W9, Kita-Ward, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0814, Japan
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19
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Tao X, Bodington D, Reinig M, Kubby J. High-speed scanning interferometric focusing by fast measurement of binary transmission matrix for channel demixing. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:14168-87. [PMID: 26072785 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.014168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Using the fast measurement of a binary transmission matrix and a digital micromirror device, we demonstrate high-speed interferometric focusing through highly dynamic scattering media with binary intensity modulation. The scanning of speckles for reference optimization gives stable focusing, which can be used for focusing through a fast changing media or two dimensional scanning through a slowly changing scattering media. The system allows dynamic focusing at 12.5 Hz with 1024 input modes, and more than 60 times intensity enhancement. It was tested with a moving diffuser, a mouse brain and skull tissue. The experiment with a live drosophila embryo shows its potential in compensating dynamic scattering in live biological tissue.
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20
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Fraisier V, Clouvel G, Jasaitis A, Dimitrov A, Piolot T, Salamero J. Adaptive optics in spinning disk microscopy: improved contrast and brightness by a simple and fast method. J Microsc 2015; 259:219-27. [PMID: 25940062 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Multiconfocal microscopy gives a good compromise between fast imaging and reasonable resolution. However, the low intensity of live fluorescent emitters is a major limitation to this technique. Aberrations induced by the optical setup, especially the mismatch of the refractive index and the biological sample itself, distort the point spread function and further reduce the amount of detected photons. Altogether, this leads to impaired image quality, preventing accurate analysis of molecular processes in biological samples and imaging deep in the sample. The amount of detected fluorescence can be improved with adaptive optics. Here, we used a compact adaptive optics module (adaptive optics box for sectioning optical microscopy), which was specifically designed for spinning disk confocal microscopy. The module overcomes undesired anomalies by correcting for most of the aberrations in confocal imaging. Existing aberration detection methods require prior illumination, which bleaches the sample. To avoid multiple exposures of the sample, we established an experimental model describing the depth dependence of major aberrations. This model allows us to correct for those aberrations when performing a z-stack, gradually increasing the amplitude of the correction with depth. It does not require illumination of the sample for aberration detection, thus minimizing photobleaching and phototoxicity. With this model, we improved both signal-to-background ratio and image contrast. Here, we present comparative studies on a variety of biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Fraisier
- UMR 144 CNRS Institut Curie, Cell and Tissue Imaging Platform (PICT-IBiSA), Nikon Imaging Centre, Paris, France
| | | | | | - A Dimitrov
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - T Piolot
- Institut Curie, Cell and Tissue Imaging platform (PICT-IBiSA), Paris, France
| | - J Salamero
- UMR 144 CNRS Institut Curie, Cell and Tissue Imaging Platform (PICT-IBiSA), Nikon Imaging Centre, Paris, France.,UMR 144 CNRS Institut Curie, Space Time Imaging of Endomembranes and Organelles Dynamics, Paris, France
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21
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Mertz J, Paudel H, Bifano TG. Field of view advantage of conjugate adaptive optics in microscopy applications. APPLIED OPTICS 2015; 54:3498-506. [PMID: 25967343 PMCID: PMC4629780 DOI: 10.1364/ao.54.003498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The imaging performance of an optical microscope can be degraded by sample-induced aberrations. A general strategy to undo the effect of these aberrations is to apply wavefront correction with a deformable mirror (DM). In most cases the DM is placed conjugate to the microscope pupil, called pupil adaptive optics (AO). When the aberrations are spatially variant an alternative configuration involves placing the DM conjugate to the main source of aberrations, called conjugate AO. We provide a theoretical and experimental comparison of both configurations for the simplified case where spatially variant aberrations are produced by a well-defined phase screen. We pay particular attention to the resulting correction field of view (FOV). Conjugate AO is found to provide a significant FOV advantage. While this result is well known in the astronomical community, our goal here is to recast it specifically for the optical microscopy community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Mertz
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Corresponding author:
| | - Hari Paudel
- Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Boston University, 8 Saint Mary’s St., Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Thomas G. Bifano
- Photonics Center, Boston University, 8 Saint Mary’s St., Boston, MA 02215, USA
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22
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Wu TW, Cui M. Numerical study of multi-conjugate large area wavefront correction for deep tissue microscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:7463-70. [PMID: 25837086 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.007463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Wavefront distortion fundamentally limits the achievable imaging depth and quality in thick tissue. Wavefront correction can help restore the diffraction limited focus albeit with a small field of view (FOV), which limits its imaging applications. In this work, we numerically investigate whether the multi-conjugate configuration, originally developed for astronomical adaptive optics, may increase the correction FOV in random turbid media. The results show that the multi-conjugate configuration can significantly improve the correction area compared to the widely adopted pupil plane correction. Even in the simple case of single-conjugation, it still outperforms the pupil plane correction. This study provides a guideline for designing the optimal wavefront correction system in deep tissue imaging.
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23
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Kong L, Cui M. In vivo neuroimaging through the highly scattering tissue via iterative multi-photon adaptive compensation technique. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:6145-50. [PMID: 25836837 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.006145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
For in vivo deep tissue imaging, high order wavefront measurement and correction is needed for handling the severe wavefront distortion. Towards such a goal, we have developed the iterative multi-photon adaptive compensation technique (IMPACT). In this work, we explore using IMPACT to perform calcium imaging of neocortex through the intact skull of adult mice, and to image through the highly scattering white matter on the hippocampus surface.
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24
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Thomas B, Wolstenholme A, Chaudhari SN, Kipreos ET, Kner P. Enhanced resolution through thick tissue with structured illumination and adaptive optics. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2015; 20:26006. [PMID: 25714992 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.20.2.026006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Structured illumination microscopy provides twice the linear resolution of conventional fluorescence microscopy, but in thick samples, aberrations degrade the performance and limit the resolution. Here, we demonstrate structured illumination microscopy through 35 μm of tissue using adaptive optics (AO) to correct aberrations resulting in images with a resolution of 140 nm. We report a 60% minimum improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio of the structured illumination reconstruction through thick tissue by correction with AO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Thomas
- University of Georgia, College of Engineering, 101 Driftmier Engineering Center, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Adrian Wolstenholme
- University of Georgia, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Snehal N Chaudhari
- University of Georgia, Department of Cellular Biology, 724 Biological Sciences Building, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Edward T Kipreos
- University of Georgia, Department of Cellular Biology, 724 Biological Sciences Building, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Peter Kner
- University of Georgia, College of Engineering, 101 Driftmier Engineering Center, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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25
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Zhou EH, Ruan H, Yang C, Judkewitz B. Focusing on moving targets through scattering samples. OPTICA 2015; 1:227-232. [PMID: 25621302 PMCID: PMC4301445 DOI: 10.1364/optica.1.000227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Focusing light through scattering media has been a longstanding goal of biomedical optics. While wavefront shaping and optical time-reversal techniques can in principle be used to focus light across scattering media, achieving this within a scattering medium with a noninvasive and efficient reference beacon, or guide star, remains an important challenge. Here, we show optical time-reversal focusing using a new technique termed Time Reversal by Analysis of Changing wavefronts from Kinetic targets (TRACK). By taking the difference between time-varying scattering fields caused by a moving object and applying optical time reversal, light can be focused back to the location previously occupied by the object. We demonstrate this approach with discretely moved objects as well as with particles in an aqueous flow, and obtain a focal peak-to-background strength of 204 in our demonstration experiments. We further demonstrate that the generated focus can be used to noninvasively count particles in a flow-cytometry configuration-even when the particles are hidden behind a strong diffuser. By achieving optical time reversal and focusing noninvasively without any external guide stars, using just the intrinsic characteristics of the sample, this work paves the way to a range of scattering media imaging applications, including underwater and atmospheric focusing as well as noninvasive in vivo flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Haojiang Zhou
- Departments of Electrical Engineering and Bioengineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Haowen Ruan
- Departments of Electrical Engineering and Bioengineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Changhuei Yang
- Departments of Electrical Engineering and Bioengineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Benjamin Judkewitz
- Departments of Electrical Engineering and Bioengineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA ; Exzellenzcluster NeuroCure, Charité Berlin, Humboldt University, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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26
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Kong L, Cui M. In vivo fluorescence microscopy via iterative multi-photon adaptive compensation technique. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:23786-94. [PMID: 25321957 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.023786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Iterative multi-photon adaptive compensation technique (IMPACT) has been developed for wavefront measurement and compensation in highly scattering tissues. Our previous report was largely based on the measurements of fixed tissue. Here we demonstrate the advantages of IMPACT for in vivo imaging and report the latest results. In particular, we show that IMPACT can be used for functional imaging of awake mice, and greatly improve the in vivo neuron imaging in mouse cortex at large depth (~660 microns). Moreover, IMPACT enables neuron imaging through the intact skull of adult mice, which promises noninvasive optical measurements in mouse brain.
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27
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Wang Z, Wei D, Wei L, He Y, Shi G, Wei X, Zhang Y. Aberration correction during real time in vivo imaging of bone marrow with sensorless adaptive optics confocal microscope. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2014; 19:086009. [PMID: 25117079 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.19.8.086009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We have demonstrated adaptive correction of specimen-induced aberration during in vivo imaging of mouse bone marrow vasculature with confocal fluorescence microscopy. Adaptive optics system was completed with wavefront sensorless correction scheme based on stochastic parallel gradient descent algorithm. Using image sharpness as the optimization metric, aberration correction was performed based upon Zernike polynomial modes. The experimental results revealed the improved signal and resolution leading to a substantially enhanced image contrast with aberration correction. The image quality of vessels at 38- and 75-μm depth increased three times and two times, respectively. The corrections allowed us to detect clearer bone marrow vasculature structures at greater contrast and improve the signal-to-noise ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, The Key Laboratory on Adaptive Optics, Chengdu 610209, ChinabChinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Optics and Electronics, The Laboratory on Adaptive Optics, Chengdu 610209, ChinacUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Dan Wei
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Ling Wei
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, The Key Laboratory on Adaptive Optics, Chengdu 610209, ChinabChinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Optics and Electronics, The Laboratory on Adaptive Optics, Chengdu 610209, China
| | - Yi He
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, The Key Laboratory on Adaptive Optics, Chengdu 610209, ChinabChinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Optics and Electronics, The Laboratory on Adaptive Optics, Chengdu 610209, China
| | - Guohua Shi
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, The Key Laboratory on Adaptive Optics, Chengdu 610209, ChinabChinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Optics and Electronics, The Laboratory on Adaptive Optics, Chengdu 610209, China
| | - Xunbin Wei
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yudong Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, The Key Laboratory on Adaptive Optics, Chengdu 610209, ChinabChinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Optics and Electronics, The Laboratory on Adaptive Optics, Chengdu 610209, China
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28
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van Werkhoven TIM, Antonello J, Truong HH, Verhaegen M, Gerritsen HC, Keller CU. Snapshot coherence-gated direct wavefront sensing for multi-photon microscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:9715-33. [PMID: 24787857 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.009715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Deep imaging in turbid media such as biological tissue is challenging due to scattering and optical aberrations. Adaptive optics has the potential to compensate the tissue aberrations. We present a wavefront sensing scheme for multi-photon scanning microscopes using the pulsed, near-infrared light reflected back from the sample utilising coherence gating and a confocal pinhole to isolate the light from a layer of interest. By interfering the back-reflected light with a tilted reference beam, we create a fringe pattern with a known spatial carrier frequency in an image of the back-aperture plane of the microscope objective. The wavefront aberrations distort this fringe pattern and thereby imprint themselves at the carrier frequency, which allows us to separate the aberrations in the Fourier domain from low spatial frequency noise. A Fourier analysis of the modulated fringes combined with a virtual Shack-Hartmann sensor for smoothing yields a modal representation of the wavefront suitable for correction. We show results with this method correcting both DM-induced and sample-induced aberrations in rat tail collagen fibres as well as a Hoechst-stained MCF-7 spheroid of cancer cells.
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29
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Tao X, Dean Z, Chien C, Azucena O, Bodington D, Kubby J. Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensing using interferometric focusing of light onto guide-stars. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:31282-31292. [PMID: 24514702 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.031282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Optical microscopy provides noninvasive imaging of biological tissues at subcellular level. The optical aberrations induced by the inhomogeneous refractive index of biological samples limits the resolution and can decrease the penetration depth. To compensate refractive aberrations, adaptive optics with Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensing has been used in microscopes. Wavefront measurement requires light from a guide-star inside of the sample. The scattering effect limits the intensity of the guide-star, hence reducing the signal to noise ratio of the wavefront measurement. In this paper, we demonstrate the use of interferometric focusing of excitation light onto a guide-star embedded deeply in tissue to increase its fluorescent intensity, thus overcoming the excitation signal loss caused by scattering. With interferometric focusing, we more than doubled the signal to noise ratio of the laser guide-star through scattering tissue as well as potentially extend the imaging depth through using AO microscopy.
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Tao X, Norton A, Kissel M, Azucena O, Kubby J. Adaptive optical two-photon microscopy using autofluorescent guide stars. OPTICS LETTERS 2013; 38:5075-8. [PMID: 24281513 DOI: 10.1364/ol.38.005075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a fast, direct wavefront-sensing method for dynamic in vivo adaptive optical two-photon microscopy. By using a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor and open-loop control, the system provides high-speed wavefront measurement and correction. To measure the wavefront in the middle of a Drosophila embryo at early stages, autofluorescence from endogenous fluorophores in the yolk were used as reference guide stars. The method was tested through live imaging of a Drosophila embryo. The aberration in the middle of the embryo was measured directly for the first time. After correction, the contrast and signal intensity of the structure in the middle of the embryo was improved.
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Shaw M, O'Holleran K, Paterson C. Investigation of the confocal wavefront sensor and its application to biological microscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:19353-62. [PMID: 23938851 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.019353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Wavefront sensing in the presence of background light sources is complicated by the need to restrict the effective depth of field of the wavefront sensor. This problem is particularly significant in direct wavefront sensing adaptive optic (AO) schemes for correcting imaging aberrations in biological microscopy. In this paper we investigate how a confocal pinhole can be used to reject out of focus light whilst still allowing effective wavefront sensing. Using a scaled set of phase screens with statistical properties derived from measurements of wavefront aberrations induced by C. elegans specimens, we investigate and quantify how the size of the pinhole and the aberration amplitude affect the transmitted wavefront. We suggest a lower bound for the pinhole size for a given aberration strength and quantify the optical sectioning provided by the system. For our measured aberration data we find that a pinhole of size approximately 3 Airy units represents a good compromise, allowing effective transmission of the wavefront and thin optical sections. Finally, we discuss some of the practical implications of confocal wavefront sensing for AO systems in microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Shaw
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, TW11 0LW, UK.
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Rahman SA, Booth MJ. Direct wavefront sensing in adaptive optical microscopy using backscattered light. APPLIED OPTICS 2013; 52:5523-32. [PMID: 23913074 DOI: 10.1364/ao.52.005523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Adaptive optics has been used to compensate the detrimental effects of aberrations in a range of high-resolution microscopes. We investigate how backscattered laser illumination can be used as the source for direct wavefront sensing using a pinhole-filtered Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor. It is found that the sensor produces linear response to input aberrations for a given specimen. The gradient of this response is dependent upon experimental configuration and specimen structure. Cross sensitivity between modes is also observed. The double pass nature of the microscope system leads in general to lower sensitivity to odd-symmetry aberration modes. The results show that there is potential for use of this type of wavefront sensing in microscopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad A Rahman
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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