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Kameyama R, Tanaka S, Murotani Y, Matsuda T, Kanda N, Matsunaga R, Yoshinobu J. Ultra-broadband detection of coherent infrared pulses by sum-frequency generation spectroscopy in reflection geometry. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:3978-3981. [PMID: 39008755 DOI: 10.1364/ol.530328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
We have newly developed, to the best of our knowledge, a detection method for broadband infrared pulses based on sum-frequency generation spectroscopy in reflection geometry, which can avoid a restriction of the detection bandwidth originating from the phase mismatch that is inevitable for the upconversion in transmission geometry. Using a GaAs crystal, we successfully demonstrated the ultra-broadband detection of the infrared pulses generated from a two-color laser-induced air plasma filament in a region from 300 to 3300 cm-1. With the advantage of ultra-short infrared pulses, the present detection method holds promise for application to time-resolved, ultra-broadband vibrational spectroscopy.
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Jonušas M, Bournet Q, Bonvalet A, Natile M, Guichard F, Zaouter Y, Georges P, Druon F, Hanna M, Joffre M. Chirped pulse upconversion for femtosecond mid-infrared spectroscopy at 100 kHz. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:8020-8029. [PMID: 38439469 DOI: 10.1364/oe.515291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
We demonstrate that chirped pulse up-conversion (CPU), a method routinely used with systems based on 1-kHz Titanium:Sapphire lasers, can be extended to a repetition rate of 100 kHz with an Ytterbium diode-pumped femtosecond amplifier. Individual mid-infrared spectra can thus be measured directly in the near infrared using a fast CMOS linescan camera. After an appropriate Fourier processing, a spectral resolution of 1.1 cm-1 is reported, currently limited by our spectrometer. Additionally, we demonstrate the application of CPU to a pump-probe measurement of the vibrational relaxation in carboxy-hemoglobin, and we show that the combination of fast scanning and fast acquisition enables a straightforward removal of pump scattering interference.
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Zhao Y, Kusama S, Furutani Y, Huang WH, Luo CW, Fuji T. High-speed scanless entire bandwidth mid-infrared chemical imaging. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3929. [PMID: 37402722 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39628-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mid-infrared spectroscopy probes molecular vibrations to identify chemical species and functional groups. Therefore, mid-infrared hyperspectral imaging is one of the most powerful and promising candidates for chemical imaging using optical methods. Yet high-speed and entire bandwidth mid-infrared hyperspectral imaging has not been realized. Here we report a mid-infrared hyperspectral chemical imaging technique that uses chirped pulse upconversion of sub-cycle pulses at the image plane. This technique offers a lateral resolution of 15 µm, and the field of view is adjustable between 800 µm × 600 µm to 12 mm × 9 mm. The hyperspectral imaging produces a 640 × 480 pixel image in 8 s, which covers a spectral range of 640-3015 cm-1, comprising 1069 wavelength points and offering a wavenumber resolution of 2.6-3.7 cm-1. For discrete frequency mid-infrared imaging, the measurement speed reaches a frame rate of 5 kHz, the repetition rate of the laser. As a demonstration, we effectively identified and mapped different components in a microfluidic device, plant cell, and mouse embryo section. The great capacity and latent force of this technique in chemical imaging promise to be applied to many fields such as chemical analysis, biology, and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- Laser Science Laboratory, Toyota Technological Institute, 2-12-1 Hisakata, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, 468-8511, Japan.
- Graduate School of Engineering College of Design and Manufacturing Technology, Muroran Institute of Technology, 27-1 Mizumoto-cho, Muroran, Hokkaido, 050-8585, Japan.
| | - Shota Kusama
- Laser Science Laboratory, Toyota Technological Institute, 2-12-1 Hisakata, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, 468-8511, Japan
| | - Yuji Furutani
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
- Optobiotechnology Research Center, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
| | - Wei-Hong Huang
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Luo
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Takao Fuji
- Laser Science Laboratory, Toyota Technological Institute, 2-12-1 Hisakata, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, 468-8511, Japan.
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Thomson MD, Warawa K, Meng F, Roskos HG. Determining the absolute temporal field of ultra-broadband terahertz-infrared pulses with field-induced second-harmonic spectrograms. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:15089-15106. [PMID: 37157358 DOI: 10.1364/oe.485374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the use of spectrograms of the field-induced second-harmonic (FISH) signal generated in ambient air, to reconstruct the absolute temporal electric field of ultra-broadband terahertz-infrared (THz-IR) pulses with bandwidths exceeding 100 THz. The approach is applicable even with relatively long (150-femtosecond) optical detection pulses, where the relative intensity and phase can be extracted from the moments of the spectrogram, as demonstrated by transmission spectroscopy of very thin samples. Auxiliary EFISH/ABCD measurements are used to provide the absolute field and phase calibration, respectively. We take into account the beam-shape/propagation effects about the detection focus on the measured FISH signals, which affect the field calibration, and show how an analysis of a set of measurements vs. truncation of the unfocused THz-IR beam can be used to correct for these. This approach could also be applied to the field calibration of ABCD measurements of conventional THz pulses.
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Powell MS, Sakano MN, Cawkwell MJ, Bowlan PR, Brown KE, Bolme CA, Moore DS, Son SF, Strachan A, McGrane SD. Insight into the Chemistry of PETN Under Shock Compression Through Ultrafast Broadband Mid-Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:7031-7046. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c03917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. S. Powell
- Maurice J. Zucrow Laboratory, Mechanical Engineering Department, Purdue University, 500 Allison Rd., West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Shock and Detonation Physics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - M. N. Sakano
- Neil Armstrong Hall of Engineering, School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, 701 West Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - M. J. Cawkwell
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - P. R. Bowlan
- Physical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - K. E. Brown
- Shock and Detonation Physics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - C. A. Bolme
- Shock and Detonation Physics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - D. S. Moore
- Shock and Detonation Physics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - S. F. Son
- Maurice J. Zucrow Laboratory, Mechanical Engineering Department, Purdue University, 500 Allison Rd., West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - A. Strachan
- Neil Armstrong Hall of Engineering, School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, 701 West Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - S. D. McGrane
- Shock and Detonation Physics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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Yeh TT, Tu CM, Lin WH, Cheng CM, Tzeng WY, Chang CY, Shirai H, Fuji T, Sankar R, Chou FC, Gospodinov MM, Kobayashi T, Luo CW. Femtosecond time-evolution of mid-infrared spectral line shapes of Dirac fermions in topological insulators. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9803. [PMID: 32555237 PMCID: PMC7299937 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66720-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mid-infrared (MIR) light sources have much potential in the study of Dirac-fermions (DFs) in graphene and topological insulators (TIs) because they have a low photon energy. However, the topological surface state transitions (SSTs) in Dirac cones are veiled by the free carrier absorption (FCA) with same spectral line shape that is always seen in static MIR spectra. Therefore, it is difficult to distinguish the SST from the FCA, especially in TIs. Here, we disclose the abnormal MIR spectrum feature of transient reflectivity changes (ΔR/R) for the non-equilibrium states in TIs, and further distinguish FCA and spin-momentum locked SST using time-resolved and linearly polarized ultra-broadband MIR spectroscopy with no environmental perturbation. Although both effects produce similar features in the reflection spectra, they produce completely different variations in the ΔR/R to show their intrinsic ultrafast dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien-Tien Yeh
- Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Ming Tu
- Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hao Lin
- Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Maw Cheng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yen Tzeng
- Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yu Chang
- Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hideto Shirai
- Institute for Molecular Science, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Takao Fuji
- Institute for Molecular Science, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
- Toyota Technological Institute, 2-12-1 Hisakata, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, 468-8511, Japan
| | - Raman Sankar
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, R.O.C, 11529, Taiwan
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Cheng Chou
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Marin M Gospodinov
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1784, Sofia, EU, Bulgaria
| | - Takayoshi Kobayashi
- Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Brain science Inspired Life Support Research Center, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5 1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo, 182-8585, Japan
| | - Chih-Wei Luo
- Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
- Taiwan Consortium of Emergent Crystalline Materials (TCECM), Ministry of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan.
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Powell MS, Bowlan PR, Son SF, Bolme CA, Brown KE, Moore DS, McGrane SD. A benchtop shock physics laboratory: Ultrafast laser driven shock spectroscopy and interferometry methods. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:063001. [PMID: 31254979 DOI: 10.1063/1.5092244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Common Ti:sapphire chirped pulse amplified laser systems can be readily adapted to be both a generator of adjustable pressure shock waves and a source for multiple probes of the ensuing ultrafast shock dynamics. In this paper, we detail experimental considerations for optimizing the shock generation, interferometric characterization, and spectroscopic probing of shock dynamics with visible and mid-infrared transient absorption. While we have reported results using these techniques elsewhere, here we detail how the spectroscopies are integrated with the shock and interferometry experiment. The interferometric characterization uses information from beams at multiple polarizations and angles of incidence combined with thin film equations and shock dynamics to determine the shock velocity, particle velocity, and shocked refractive index. Visible transient absorption spectroscopy uses a white light supercontinuum in a reflection geometry, synchronized to the shock wave, to time resolve shock-induced changes in visible absorption such as changes to electronic structure or strongly absorbing products and intermediates due to reaction. Mid-infrared transient absorption spectroscopy uses two color filamentation supercontinuum generation combined with a simple thermal imaging microbolometer spectrometer to enable broadband single shot detection of changes in the vibrational spectra. These methods are demonstrated here in the study of shock dynamics at stresses from 5 to 30 GPa in organic materials and from a few GPa to >70 GPa in metals with spatial resolution of a few micrometers and temporal resolution of a few picoseconds. This experiment would be possible to replicate in any ultrafast laser laboratory containing a single bench top commercial chirped pulse amplification laser system.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Powell
- Maurice J. Zucrow Laboratory, Mechanical Engineering Department, Purdue University, 500 Allison Rd., West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - P R Bowlan
- Physical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S F Son
- Maurice J. Zucrow Laboratory, Mechanical Engineering Department, Purdue University, 500 Allison Rd., West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - C A Bolme
- Shock and Detonation Physics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - K E Brown
- Shock and Detonation Physics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D S Moore
- Shock and Detonation Physics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S D McGrane
- Shock and Detonation Physics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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Development and Application of Sub-Cycle Mid-Infrared Source Based on Laser Filamentation. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/app7080857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper is a perspective article which summarizes the development and application of sub-cycle mid-infrared (MIR) pulses generated through a laser filament. The generation scheme was published in Applied Sciences in 2013. The spectrum of the MIR pulse spreads from 2 to 50 μ m, corresponding to multiple octaves, and the pulse duration is 6.9 fs, namely, 0.63 times the period of the carrier wavelength, 3.3 μ m. The extremely broadband and highly coherent light source has potential for various applications. The light source has been applied for advanced ultrafast pump–probe spectroscopy by several research groups. As another application example, single-shot detection of absorption spectra in the entire MIR range by the use of chirped-pulse upconversion with a gas medium has been demonstrated. Although the measurement of the field oscillation of the sub-cycle MIR pulse was not trivial, the waveform of the sub-cycle pulse has been completely characterized with a newly developed method, frequency-resolved optical gating capable of carrier-envelope phase determination. A particular behavior of the spectral phase of the sub-cycle pulse has been revealed through the waveform characterization.
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Nakamura R, Inagaki Y, Hata H, Hamada N, Umemura N, Kamimura T. Wide-bandgap nonlinear crystal LiGaS 2 for femtosecond mid-infrared spectroscopy with chirped-pulse upconversion. APPLIED OPTICS 2016; 55:9365-9369. [PMID: 27869834 DOI: 10.1364/ao.55.009365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Femtosecond time-resolved mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy based on chirped-pulse upconversion is a promising method for observing molecular vibrational dynamics. A quantitative study on nonlinear media for upconversion is still essential for wide applications, particularly at the frequencies below 2000 cm-1. We evaluate wide-bandgap nonlinear crystals of Li-containing ternary chalcogenides based on their performance as the upconversion medium for femtosecond MIR spectroscopy. The upconversion efficiency is measured as a function of the MIR pulse frequency and the chirped pulse energy. LiGaS2 is found to be an efficient crystal for the upconversion of MIR pulses in a wide frequency range of 1100-2700 cm-1, especially below 2000 cm-1. By using LiGaS2 as an efficient upconversion crystal, we develop a MIR pump-probe spectroscopy system with a spectral resolution of 2.5 cm-1, a time resolution of 0.2 ps, and a probe window of 120 cm-1. Vibrational relaxation dynamics of CO stretching modes of Mn2(CO)10 in cyclohexane and bovine serum albumin in D2O are demonstrated with a high signal-to-noise ratio.
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Shirai H, Duchesne C, Furutani Y, Fuji T. Attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy with chirped-pulse upconversion. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:29611-29616. [PMID: 25606893 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.029611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Chirped-pulse upconversion technique has been applied to attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy. An extremely broadband infrared pulse was sent to an ATR diamond prism and the reflected pulse was converted to the visible by using four-wave mixing in krypton gas. Absorption spectra of liquids in the range from 200 to 5500 cm(-1) were measured with a visible spectrometer on a single-shot basis. The system was applied to observe the dynamics of exchanging process of two solvents, water and acetone, which give clear vibrational spectral contrast. We observed that the exchange was finished within ∼ 10 ms.
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Lanin AA, Voronin AA, Stepanov EA, Fedotov AB, Zheltikov AM. Frequency-tunable sub-two-cycle 60-MW-peak-power free-space waveforms in the mid-infrared. OPTICS LETTERS 2014; 39:6430-6433. [PMID: 25490486 DOI: 10.1364/ol.39.006430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A physical scenario whereby freely propagating mid-infrared pulses can be compressed to pulse widths close to the field cycle is identified. Generation of tunable few-cycle pulses in the wavelength range from 4.2 to 6.8 μm is demonstrated at a 1-kHz repetition rate through self-focusing-assisted spectral broadening in a normally dispersive, highly nonlinear semiconductor material, followed by pulse compression in the regime of anomalous dispersion, where the dispersion-induced phase shift is finely tuned by adjusting the overall thickness of anomalously dispersive components. Sub-two-cycle pulses with a peak power up to 60 MW are generated in the range of central wavelengths tunable from 5.9 to 6.3 μm.
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Abstract
When coupled to characteristic, fingerprint vibrational and rotational motions of molecules, an electromagnetic field with an appropriate frequency and waveform offers a highly sensitive, highly informative probe, enabling chemically specific studies on a broad class of systems in physics, chemistry, biology, geosciences, and medicine. The frequencies of these signature molecular modes, however, lie in a region where accurate spectroscopic measurements are extremely difficult because of the lack of efficient detectors and spectrometers. Here, we show that, with a combination of advanced ultrafast technologies and nonlinear-optical waveform characterization, time-domain techniques can be advantageously extended to the metrology of fundamental molecular motions in the mid-infrared. In our scheme, the spectral modulation of ultrashort mid-infrared pulses, induced by rovibrational motions of molecules, gives rise to interfering coherent dark waveforms in the time domain. These high-visibility interference patterns can be read out by cross-correlation frequency-resolved gating of the field in the visible generated through ultrabroadband four-wave mixing in a gas phase.
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Knorr J, Rudolf P, Nuernberger P. A comparative study on chirped-pulse upconversion and direct multichannel MCT detection. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:30693-30706. [PMID: 24514645 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.030693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A comparative study is carried out on two spectroscopic techniques employed to detect ultrafast absorption changes in the mid-infrared spectral range, namely direct multichannel detection via HgCdTe (MCT) photodiode arrays and the newly established technique of chirped-pulse up-conversion (CPU). Whereas both methods are meanwhile individually used in a routine manner, we directly juxtapose their applicability in femtosecond pump-probe experiments based on 1 kHz shot-to-shot data acquisition. Additionally, we examine different phase-matching conditions in the CPU scheme for a given mid-infrared spectrum, thereby simultaneously detecting signals which are separated by more than 200 cm(-1).
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Nomura Y, Shirai H, Fuji T. Frequency-resolved optical gating capable of carrier-envelope phase determination. Nat Commun 2013. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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