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Nhat Quyen N, Tzeng WY, Hsu CE, Lin IA, Chen WH, Jia HH, Wang SC, Liu CE, Chen YS, Chen WL, Chou TL, Wang IT, Kuo CN, Lin CL, Wu CT, Lin PH, Weng SC, Cheng CM, Kuo CY, Tu CM, Chu MW, Chang YM, Lue CS, Hsueh HC, Luo CW. Three-dimensional ultrafast charge-density-wave dynamics in CuTe. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2386. [PMID: 38493205 PMCID: PMC10944522 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46615-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Charge density waves (CDWs) involved with electronic and phononic subsystems simultaneously are a common quantum state in solid-state physics, especially in low-dimensional materials. However, CDW phase dynamics in various dimensions are yet to be studied, and their phase transition mechanism is currently moot. Here we show that using the distinct temperature evolution of orientation-dependent ultrafast electron and phonon dynamics, different dimensional CDW phases are verified in CuTe. When the temperature decreases, the shrinking of c-axis length accompanied with the appearance of interchain and interlayer interactions causes the quantum fluctuations (QF) of the CDW phase until 220 K. At T < 220 K, the CDWs on the different ab-planes are finally locked with each other in anti-phase to form a CDW phase along the c-axis. This study shows the dimension evolution of CDW phases in one CDW system and their stabilized mechanisms in different temperature regimes.
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Grants
- 112-2119-M-A49-012-MBK Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan)
- 109-2112-M-009-020-MY3 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan)
- 109-2124-M-009-003-MY3 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan)
- 109-2119-M-002 -026 -MY3 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan)
- 108-2112-M-002-013-MY3 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan)
- 111-2124-M-213-001 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan)
- 108-2112-M-002 -013 -MY3 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan)
- 109-2119-M-002 -026 -MY3 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan)
- 112-2124-M-006-009 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan)
- 110-2112-M-032-014-MY3 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan)
- Ministry of Education (Ministry of Education, Republic of China (Taiwan))
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Nhat Quyen
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yen Tzeng
- Department of Electronic Engineering, National Formosa University, Yunlin, 632, Taiwan
| | - Chih-En Hsu
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, 251301, Taiwan
| | - I-An Lin
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, 251301, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Hsin Chen
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Hsiang Jia
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chiao Wang
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-En Liu
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sheng Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Liang Chen
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Lei Chou
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - I-Ta Wang
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Nung Kuo
- Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Liang Lin
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Te Wu
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
- Physics Division, National Center for Theoretical Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Hui Lin
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chang Weng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Maw Cheng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Yang Kuo
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ming Tu
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
- Undergraduate Degree Program of Systems Engineering and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
- Chung Cheng Institute of Technology, National Defense University, Taoyuan, 335009, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Wen Chu
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- Center of Atomic Initiative for New Materials (AI-MAT), National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ming Chang
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- Center of Atomic Initiative for New Materials (AI-MAT), National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chin Shan Lue
- Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
- Taiwan Consortium of Emergent Crystalline Materials (TCECM), National Science and Technology Council, Taipei, 10601, Taiwan.
| | - Hung-Chung Hsueh
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, 251301, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Wei Luo
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan.
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan.
- Taiwan Consortium of Emergent Crystalline Materials (TCECM), National Science and Technology Council, Taipei, 10601, Taiwan.
- Institute of Physics and Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan.
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA.
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Wei HK, Ito H, Huang WH, Chen ZW, Ko YK, Tu CM, Yabushita A, Misawa K, Luo CW. Few-cycle THz wave manipulation with a high degree of freedom via f-t modulation. Opt Lett 2023; 48:1016-1019. [PMID: 36790999 DOI: 10.1364/ol.479000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
THz waves have been intensively applied in many fields, e.g., spectroscopy, imaging, and communications. However, owing to the rarity of available techniques for manipulating circularly polarized few-cycle THz waves on picosecond time scales, most of the current studies are conducted with linearly polarized THz waves. Here we demonstrate circularly polarized (CP) THz (dual) pulses generated by a polarization-twisting pulse/dual pulse (PTP/PTDP). The polarization-twisting optical dual pulses can be generated via a modified Michelson interferometer (MI) system, which provides the ability to control the frequency, helicity, and time interval of the dual pulses arbitrarily and individually. Such a novel, to the best of our knowledge, modulation technique shows huge potential for applications, not only in imaging and spectroscopy but also in next-generation communications.
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Huang WH, Wei HK, Quyen NN, Yang PT, Cheng YC, Wang YT, Ko YK, Tu CM, Yabushita A, Luo CW. Energy-Resolved Ultrafast Spectroscopic Investigation on the Spin-Coupled Electronic States in Multiferroic Hexagonal HoMnO 3. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:ma15155188. [PMID: 35897619 PMCID: PMC9332413 DOI: 10.3390/ma15155188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A complete temperature-dependent scheme of the Mn3+ on-site d-d transitions in multiferroic hexagonal HoMnO3 (h-HoMnO3) thin films was unveiled by energy-resolved ultrafast spectroscopy. The results unambiguously revealed that the ultrafast responses of the e1g and e2g states differed significantly in the hexagonal HoMnO3. We demonstrated that the short-range antiferromagnetic and ferroelectric orderings are more relevant to the e2g state, whereas the long-range antiferromagnetic ordering is intimately coupled to both the e2g and e1g states. Moreover, the primary thermalization times of the e2g and e1g states were 0.34 ± 0.08 ps and 0.38 ± 0.08 ps, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hong Huang
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300093, Taiwan; (W.-H.H.); (H.-K.W.); (N.N.Q.); (P.-T.Y.); (Y.-C.C.); (Y.-T.W.); (Y.-K.K.); (A.Y.)
| | - Hao-Keng Wei
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300093, Taiwan; (W.-H.H.); (H.-K.W.); (N.N.Q.); (P.-T.Y.); (Y.-C.C.); (Y.-T.W.); (Y.-K.K.); (A.Y.)
| | - Nguyen Nhat Quyen
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300093, Taiwan; (W.-H.H.); (H.-K.W.); (N.N.Q.); (P.-T.Y.); (Y.-C.C.); (Y.-T.W.); (Y.-K.K.); (A.Y.)
| | - Pei-Tsung Yang
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300093, Taiwan; (W.-H.H.); (H.-K.W.); (N.N.Q.); (P.-T.Y.); (Y.-C.C.); (Y.-T.W.); (Y.-K.K.); (A.Y.)
| | - Yi-Cheng Cheng
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300093, Taiwan; (W.-H.H.); (H.-K.W.); (N.N.Q.); (P.-T.Y.); (Y.-C.C.); (Y.-T.W.); (Y.-K.K.); (A.Y.)
| | - Yu-Ting Wang
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300093, Taiwan; (W.-H.H.); (H.-K.W.); (N.N.Q.); (P.-T.Y.); (Y.-C.C.); (Y.-T.W.); (Y.-K.K.); (A.Y.)
| | - Ying-Kuan Ko
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300093, Taiwan; (W.-H.H.); (H.-K.W.); (N.N.Q.); (P.-T.Y.); (Y.-C.C.); (Y.-T.W.); (Y.-K.K.); (A.Y.)
| | - Chien-Ming Tu
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300093, Taiwan; (W.-H.H.); (H.-K.W.); (N.N.Q.); (P.-T.Y.); (Y.-C.C.); (Y.-T.W.); (Y.-K.K.); (A.Y.)
- Correspondence: (C.-M.T.); (C.-W.L.)
| | - Atsushi Yabushita
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300093, Taiwan; (W.-H.H.); (H.-K.W.); (N.N.Q.); (P.-T.Y.); (Y.-C.C.); (Y.-T.W.); (Y.-K.K.); (A.Y.)
| | - Chih-Wei Luo
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300093, Taiwan; (W.-H.H.); (H.-K.W.); (N.N.Q.); (P.-T.Y.); (Y.-C.C.); (Y.-T.W.); (Y.-K.K.); (A.Y.)
- Institute of Physics and Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300093, Taiwan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
- Taiwan Consortium of Emergent Crystalline Materials, Ministry of Science and Technology, Taipei 10601, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-M.T.); (C.-W.L.)
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Hsiao FH, Chung CC, Chiang CH, Feng WN, Tzeng WY, Lin HM, Tu CM, Wu HL, Wang YH, Woon WY, Chen HC, Chen CH, Lo CY, Lai MH, Chang YM, Lu LS, Chang WH, Chen CW, Luo CW. Using Exciton/Trion Dynamics to Spatially Monitor the Catalytic Activities of MoS 2 during the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction. ACS Nano 2022; 16:4298-4307. [PMID: 35254822 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c10380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption and desorption of electrolyte ions strongly modulates the carrier density or carrier type on the surface of monolayer-MoS2 catalyst during the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The buildup of electrolyte ions onto the surface of monolayer MoS2 during the HER may also result in the formation of excitons and trions, similar to those observed in gate-controlled field-effect transistor devices. Using the distinct carrier relaxation dynamics of excitons and trions of monolayer MoS2 as sensitive descriptors, an in situ microcell-based scanning time-resolved liquid cell microscope is set up to simultaneously measure the bias-dependent exciton/trion dynamics and spatially map the catalytic activity of monolayer MoS2 during the HER. This operando probing technique used to monitor the interplay between exciton/trion dynamics and electrocatalytic activity for two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides provides an excellent platform to investigate the local carrier behaviors at the atomic layer/liquid electrolyte interfaces during electrocatalytic reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-He Hsiao
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chu Chung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hao Chiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Neng Feng
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yen Tzeng
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Min Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ming Tu
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Heng-Liang Wu
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Center of Atomic Initiative for New Materials (AI-MAT), National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Han Wang
- Department of Physics, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
- Molecular Science and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yen Woon
- Department of Physics, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
- Molecular Science and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Chien Chen
- Center for Reliability Science and Technologies, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsiang Chen
- Sustainable Energy Development Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106335, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yuan Lo
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Center of Atomic Initiative for New Materials (AI-MAT), National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Man-Hong Lai
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ming Chang
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Center of Atomic Initiative for New Materials (AI-MAT), National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Li-Syuan Lu
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hao Chang
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Taiwan Consortium of Emergent Crystalline Materials (TCECM), Ministry of Science and Technology, Taipei 10622, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wei Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Center of Atomic Initiative for New Materials (AI-MAT), National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Taiwan Consortium of Emergent Crystalline Materials (TCECM), Ministry of Science and Technology, Taipei 10622, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Luo
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Taiwan Consortium of Emergent Crystalline Materials (TCECM), Ministry of Science and Technology, Taipei 10622, Taiwan
- Institute of Physics and Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
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Su SH, Chuang PY, Chen HY, Weng SC, Chen WC, Tsuei KD, Lee CK, Yu SH, Chou MMC, Tu LW, Jeng HT, Tu CM, Luo CW, Cheng CM, Chang TR, Huang JCA. Topological Proximity-Induced Dirac Fermion in Two-Dimensional Antimonene. ACS Nano 2021; 15:15085-15095. [PMID: 34435764 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c05454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Antimonene is a promising two-dimensional (2D) material that is calculated to have a significant fundamental bandgap usable for advanced applications such as field-effect transistors, photoelectric devices, and the quantum-spin Hall (QSH) state. Herein, we demonstrate a phenomenon termed topological proximity effect, which occurs between a 2D material and a three-dimensional (3D) topological insulator (TI). We provide strong evidence derived from hydrogen etching on Sb2Te3 that large-area and well-ordered antimonene presents a 2D topological state. Delicate analysis with a scanning tunneling microscope of the evolutionary intermediates reveals that hydrogen etching on Sb2Te3 resulted in the formation of a large area of antimonene with a buckled structure. A topological state formed in the antimonene/Sb2Te3 heterostructure was confirmed with angle-resolved photoemission spectra and density-functional theory calculations; in particular, the Dirac point was located almost at the Fermi level. The results reveal that Dirac fermions are indeed realized at the interface of a 2D normal insulator (NI) and a 3D TI as a result of strong hybridization between antimonene and Sb2Te3. Our work demonstrates that the position of the Dirac point and the shape of the Dirac surface state can be tuned by varying the energy position of the NI valence band, which modifies the direction of the spin texture of Sb-BL/Sb2Te3 via varying the Fermi level. This topological phase in 2D-material engineering has generated a paradigm in that the topological proximity effect at the NI/TI interface has been realized, which demonstrates a way to create QSH systems in 2D-material TI heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Hsuan Su
- Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan 701, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yu Chuang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yu Chen
- Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan 701, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chang Weng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chuan Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Ku-Ding Tsuei
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Kuei Lee
- Department of Photonics, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, 187 Academia Road, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsun Yu
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronics Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Mitch M-C Chou
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronics Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wei Tu
- Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Tay Jeng
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Physics Division, National Center for Theoretical Sciences, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ming Tu
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Taiwan Consortium of Emergent Crystalline Materials, Ministry of Science and Technology, Taipei 10601, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Luo
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Taiwan Consortium of Emergent Crystalline Materials, Ministry of Science and Technology, Taipei 10601, Taiwan
- Institute of Physics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Maw Cheng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Taiwan Consortium of Emergent Crystalline Materials, Ministry of Science and Technology, Taipei 10601, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106335, Taiwan
| | - Tay-Rong Chang
- Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan 701, Taiwan
- Center for Quantum Frontiers of Research and Technology (QFort), Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Physics Division, National Center for Theoretical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Chun Andrew Huang
- Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan 701, Taiwan
- Taiwan Consortium of Emergent Crystalline Materials, Ministry of Science and Technology, Taipei 10601, Taiwan
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Yeh TT, Tu CM, Lin WH, Cheng CM, Tzeng WY, Chang CY, Shirai H, Fuji T, Sankar R, Chou FC, Gospodinov MM, Kobayashi T, Luo CW. Femtosecond time-evolution of mid-infrared spectral line shapes of Dirac fermions in topological insulators. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9803. [PMID: 32555237 PMCID: PMC7299937 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66720-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mid-infrared (MIR) light sources have much potential in the study of Dirac-fermions (DFs) in graphene and topological insulators (TIs) because they have a low photon energy. However, the topological surface state transitions (SSTs) in Dirac cones are veiled by the free carrier absorption (FCA) with same spectral line shape that is always seen in static MIR spectra. Therefore, it is difficult to distinguish the SST from the FCA, especially in TIs. Here, we disclose the abnormal MIR spectrum feature of transient reflectivity changes (ΔR/R) for the non-equilibrium states in TIs, and further distinguish FCA and spin-momentum locked SST using time-resolved and linearly polarized ultra-broadband MIR spectroscopy with no environmental perturbation. Although both effects produce similar features in the reflection spectra, they produce completely different variations in the ΔR/R to show their intrinsic ultrafast dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien-Tien Yeh
- Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Ming Tu
- Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hao Lin
- Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Maw Cheng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yen Tzeng
- Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yu Chang
- Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hideto Shirai
- Institute for Molecular Science, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Takao Fuji
- Institute for Molecular Science, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
- Toyota Technological Institute, 2-12-1 Hisakata, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, 468-8511, Japan
| | - Raman Sankar
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, R.O.C, 11529, Taiwan
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Cheng Chou
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Marin M Gospodinov
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1784, Sofia, EU, Bulgaria
| | - Takayoshi Kobayashi
- Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Brain science Inspired Life Support Research Center, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5 1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo, 182-8585, Japan
| | - Chih-Wei Luo
- Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
- Taiwan Consortium of Emergent Crystalline Materials (TCECM), Ministry of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan.
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Tzeng WY, Tseng YH, Yeh TT, Tu CM, Sankar R, Chen YH, Huang BH, Chou FC, Luo CW. Selenium nanoparticle prepared by femtosecond laser-induced plasma shock wave. Opt Express 2020; 28:685-694. [PMID: 32118991 DOI: 10.1364/oe.381898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A novel approach for the production of both amorphous and crystalline selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) using femtosecond laser-induced plasma shock wave on the surface of Bi2Se3 topological insulators at room temperature and ambient pressure is demonstrated. The shape and size of SeNPs can be reliably controlled via the kinetic energy obtained from laser pulses, so these are applicable as active components in nanoscale applications. Importantly, the rapid, low-cost and eco-friendly synthesis strategy developed in this study could also be extendable to other systems.
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Enquist H, Jurgilaitis A, Jarnac A, Bengtsson ÅUJ, Burza M, Curbis F, Disch C, Ekström JC, Harb M, Isaksson L, Kotur M, Kroon D, Lindau F, Mansten E, Nygaard J, Persson AIH, Pham VT, Rissi M, Thorin S, Tu CM, Wallén E, Wang X, Werin S, Larsson J. FemtoMAX - an X-ray beamline for structural dynamics at the short-pulse facility of MAX IV. J Synchrotron Radiat 2018; 25:570-579. [PMID: 29488939 PMCID: PMC5829682 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577517017660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The FemtoMAX beamline facilitates studies of the structural dynamics of materials. Such studies are of fundamental importance for key scientific problems related to programming materials using light, enabling new storage media and new manufacturing techniques, obtaining sustainable energy by mimicking photosynthesis, and gleaning insights into chemical and biological functional dynamics. The FemtoMAX beamline utilizes the MAX IV linear accelerator as an electron source. The photon bursts have a pulse length of 100 fs, which is on the timescale of molecular vibrations, and have wavelengths matching interatomic distances (Å). The uniqueness of the beamline has called for special beamline components. This paper presents the beamline design including ultrasensitive X-ray beam-position monitors based on thin Ce:YAG screens, efficient harmonic separators and novel timing tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Enquist
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, PO Box 118, Lund 22100, Sweden
| | | | - Amelie Jarnac
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, PO Box 118, Lund 22100, Sweden
- Department of Physics, Lund University, PO Box 118, Lund 22100, Sweden
| | | | - Matthias Burza
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, PO Box 118, Lund 22100, Sweden
| | - Francesca Curbis
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, PO Box 118, Lund 22100, Sweden
| | | | - J. Carl Ekström
- Department of Physics, Lund University, PO Box 118, Lund 22100, Sweden
| | - Maher Harb
- Departments of Physics and Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lennart Isaksson
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, PO Box 118, Lund 22100, Sweden
| | - Marija Kotur
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, PO Box 118, Lund 22100, Sweden
| | - David Kroon
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, PO Box 118, Lund 22100, Sweden
| | - Filip Lindau
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, PO Box 118, Lund 22100, Sweden
| | - Erik Mansten
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, PO Box 118, Lund 22100, Sweden
| | - Jesper Nygaard
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, PO Box 118, Lund 22100, Sweden
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde 4000, Denmark
| | | | - Van Thai Pham
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, PO Box 118, Lund 22100, Sweden
- Center for Quantum Electronics, Institute of Physics, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Michael Rissi
- Dectris AG, Taefernweg, Baden-Daettwil 15405, Switzerland
| | - Sara Thorin
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, PO Box 118, Lund 22100, Sweden
| | - Chien-Ming Tu
- Department of Physics, Lund University, PO Box 118, Lund 22100, Sweden
| | - Erik Wallén
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, PO Box 118, Lund 22100, Sweden
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Xiaocui Wang
- Department of Physics, Lund University, PO Box 118, Lund 22100, Sweden
| | - Sverker Werin
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, PO Box 118, Lund 22100, Sweden
| | - Jörgen Larsson
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, PO Box 118, Lund 22100, Sweden
- Department of Physics, Lund University, PO Box 118, Lund 22100, Sweden
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Jarnac A, Wang X, Bengtsson ÅUJ, Ekström JC, Enquist H, Jurgilaitis A, Kroon D, Persson AIH, Pham VT, Tu CM, Larsson J. Communication: Demonstration of a 20 ps X-ray switch based on a photoacoustic transducer. Struct Dyn 2017; 4:051102. [PMID: 29085849 PMCID: PMC5630471 DOI: 10.1063/1.4993730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We have studied an X-ray switch based on a gold coated indium antimonide crystal using time-resolved X-ray diffraction and demonstrated that the switch could reduce the pulse duration of a 100 ps X-ray pulse down to 20 ps with a peak reflectivity of 8%. We have used a dynamical diffraction code to predict the performance of the switch, which was then confirmed experimentally. The experiment was carried out at the FemtoMAX beamline at the short-pulse facility of the MAX IV laboratory. The performance and limitation of the switch are discussed in terms of acoustic transport properties between the two materials and the electron transport properties of gold.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaocui Wang
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Å U J Bengtsson
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - J C Ekström
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - H Enquist
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - A Jurgilaitis
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - D Kroon
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - A I H Persson
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - V-T Pham
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - C M Tu
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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Tu CM, Chou LH, Chen YC, Huang P, Rajaboopathi M, Luo CW, Wu KH, Krishnakumar V, Kobayashi T. THz emission from organic cocrystalline salt: 2, 6-diaminopyridinium-4-nitrophenolate-4-nitrophenol. Opt Express 2016; 24:5039-5044. [PMID: 29092332 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.005039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
We report few-cycle THz pulses emission from a novel organic crystal 2,6-diaminopyridinium-4-nitrophenolate-4-nitrophenol (DAP+NP-NP). The observed amplitude of the THz electric field from a DAP+NP-NP crystal is comparable with that from a ZnTe single crystal under the same optical pumping conditions. Both the waveform and spectra of the THz radiation from DAP+NP-NP are similar to those from ZnTe. We conclude that a high quality DAP+NP-NP crystal would be a high potential candidate in THz generation and applications.
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Ku SA, Tu CM, Chu WC, Luo CW, Wu KH, Yabushita A, Chi CC, Kobayashi T. Saturation of the free carrier absorption in ZnTe crystals. Opt Express 2013; 21:13930-13937. [PMID: 23787582 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.013930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study systematically investigates the influence of free carriers on the generation of THz in ZnTe crystals, over a wide range of pumping fluences. As the pumping fluence is increased (< 6.36 mJ/cm(2)), the concentration of free carriers gradually increases and the THz output power is saturated, as clearly demonstrated by the time delay in the THz temporal waveforms, the changes in the THz spectral weight and the red-shift in the PL spectra. For high pumping fluences (> 6.36 mJ/cm(2)), spectacularly, there is a significant quadratic increase in the THz output power when the pumping fluence is increased, as well as at low pumping fluences of < 0.58 mJ/cm(2), because of the saturation of free carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Ku
- Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Tu CM, Marks CF, Elliot JM. Effects of Nematicides on Pratylenchus penetrans, Soil Nitrification, and Growth of Flue-Cured Tobacco. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 1996; 57:924-931. [PMID: 8875840 DOI: 10.1007/s001289900278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- CM Tu
- Pest Management Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, London, Ontario N5V 4T3, Canada
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Tu
- London Research Centre, Agriculture Canada, Ontario
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Tu
- London Research Centre, Agriculture Canada, Ontario
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Abstract
Tests were conducted to determine the effects of fungicides, captafol and chlorothalonil, on microbial and enzymatic activities in sandy loam. The results indicated that when captafol or chlorothalonil was added to the sandy loam, bacterial and fungicidal populations initially decreased with the treatments but recovered rapidly to levels similar to those in the controls. No inhibition on oxidation of soil ammonia or organic sulfur was observed. The fungicide treatments significantly increased oxygen consumption from the decomposition of organic matter indigenous to the soil. Both fungicides suppressed invertase and amylase for 1 day. However, the inhibitory effect disappeared after 2 days. Captafol depressed dehydrogenase for 4 days and recovered to equal to that of control after 7 days. No inhibitory effect on urease and phosphatase was shown with the fungicidal treatments. Although some stimulatory influences of fungicides on microbial and enzymatic activities were found in the soil, in no instance were the effects dramatic or sufficient enough to be considered important to soil fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Tu
- London Research Centre, Agriculture Canada, Ontario
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Tu CM. Effect of nematicides, Telone II and Vorlex, on microflora and nitrification in tobacco soil. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 1993; 50:43-8. [PMID: 8418937 DOI: 10.1007/bf00196539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C M Tu
- London Research Centre, Agriculture Canada, Ontario
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Tu CM. In vitro isolation of Entomophthora muscae (Entomophthorales: Entomophthoraceae) from infected seed corn maggot Delia platura (Diptera: Anthomyiidae). J Invertebr Pathol 1990; 55:289-90. [PMID: 2319161 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2011(90)90066-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C M Tu
- Agriculture Canada, Research Centre, Pack's Lane Laboratory, London, Ontario
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Abstract
Laboratory tests were conducted to determine the phytotoxicity and fungitoxicity of five pyrethroid insecticides; cypermethrin, decamethrin, fenpropanate, fenvalerate and permethrin at different rates to soybean and its pathogen Rhizoctonia solani Kuehn. Fungitoxicities of the chemicals on pathogen were in the order of thiram greater than permethrin greater than cypermethrin greater than decamethrin greater than fenvalerate. Phytotoxicities on soybean seedlings were decamethrin greater than cypermethrin greater than fenpropanate greater than fenvalerate greater than permethrin greater than Arasan. A comparative study on both phytotoxic and fungitoxic effects indicated that the pyrethroids were less effective than Arasan for use in the control of this soil borne plant pathogen.
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Murty AS, Miles JR, Tu CM. Persistence and mobility of nitrofen (niclofen, TOK) in mineral and organic soils. J Environ Sci Health B 1982; 17:143-152. [PMID: 7077054 DOI: 10.1080/03601238209372308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Residues of nitrofen in farm soils, persistence of nitrofen in field microplots, mobility of nitrofen in natural soils and the role of microbial flora in its degradation were studied. Muck soils from vegetable farms in southwestern Ontario contained up to 35 ppm nitrofen in mid-season (August), which decreased to 18 ppm by October. The herbicide was less persistent in sand than in muck. Degradation was slightly faster in sand and muck soils receiving two sprays, than in those sprayed once. From an initial deposit of ca. 2 and 10 ppm resp., in sand and muck field microplots, ca. 2 and 15% persisted after 16 wk. Leaching of nitrofen by water through sand was negligible, and it was even more strongly adsorbed onto organic soil. Natural microbial flora seemed to play an important role in the degradation of nitrofen in soil. Ca. 15 and 38% resp., of the initial concentration persisted in natural sandy loam and muck 16 wk after treatment at 10 ppm, whereas about 94 and 82% resp., persisted in sterilized sandy loam and muck at the same period.
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Chapman RA, Tu CM, Harris CR, Cole C. Persistence of five pyrethroid insecticides in sterile and natural, mineral and organic soil. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 1981; 26:513-519. [PMID: 7236909 DOI: 10.1007/bf01622129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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Abstract
Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the effect of 32 pesticides applied at 2 levels on populations of microorganisms, activities of urease, dehydrogenase, phosphatase and nitrogenase in a clay loam incubated for 1 week. Results indicated that a decrease in bacterial number was observed with thiram for 2 days and stimulation with chlorpyrifos after 7 days. Some fungicides and fumigants inhibited fungal numbers for 2 days. The recovery was rapid and stimulatory effects on microbial numbers were evident in many samples. None of the pesticides inhibited soil urease drastically. Formazan formation was not suppressed vigorously by the treatments. With the exception of DD and Vorlex at a high level, none of the treatments inhibited phosphatase in the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl disodium orthophosphate. A temporary decrease in nitrogenase activity in acetylene (C2H2) reduction was observed with many pesticides. The low amount of pesticides applied to the clay loam is unlikely to have detrimental effects on soil microbes and the enzymes important to soil fertility.
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Miles JR, Tu CM, Harris CR. A laboratory study of the persistence of carbofuran and its 3-hydroxy- and 3 keto-metabolites in sterile and natural mineral and organic soils. J Environ Sci Health B 1981; 16:409-417. [PMID: 7288092 DOI: 10.1080/03601238109372267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In a laboratory study, the persistence of carbofuran and its 3-hydroxy- and 3-keto-metabolites was examined separately over 16 wk in sterile and natural organic (muck) and mineral (loam) soils. Carbofuran was relatively persistent in sterile soils; at 8 wk 77% remained in the sterile muck and about 50% remained in the sterile loam. In the natural muck 25% of initial carbofuran remained at wk whereas in the natural loam carbofuran had completely disappeared by that time. The 3-ketocarbofuran was very short-lived even in the sterile muck where only 50% remained at 1 wk. The 3-hydroxycarbofuran degraded appreciably on zero day in the natural soils (with conversion to 3-keto-carbofuran) and about 90% had disappeared in 1 wk. A more detailed study of the persistence of 3-hydroxycarbofuran in the natural soils showed complete disappearance in 2 days in loam and in 3 days in muck. The 3-ketocarbofuran produced from the 3-hydroxy-carbofuran reached a maximum concentration in 1 day and then disappeared within 4 days in loam and about 1 wk in muck.
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Abstract
Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the effect of DDT, fauna and flooding on microbial growth in a sandy loam. Results indicated that soil microorganisms can tolerate the presence of DDT. Earthworms singly or in combination with springtails affected the average population of fungi in the DDT-untreated samples and of aerobic bacteria in the DDT-treated soils. Soil animals did not appear to have any effect on the populations of anaerobic bacteria. However, waterlogging brought about a decrease in aerobic bacteria and fungal populations, and an increase in anaerobic bacteria in both soils.
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Abstract
Laboratory tests were conducted to determine the effects of five pyrethroid insecticides-permethrin (FMC 33297) [3-phenoxybenzyl (±)-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate]; FMC 45498 [(S)-α-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl-(R)-cis-2-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-3,3-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate]; Shell WL 41706 [(±)-α-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl 2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropane-carboxylate]; Shell WL 43467 [(±)-α-cyano-3-phenoxy benzyl (±)-cis,trans-2-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-3,3-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate]; and Shell WL 43775 [(±)-α-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl (±)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutyrate]-at 0.5 and 5μg/g on microbial populations and activities in a sandy loam. The insecticides had antimicrobial activity in early stages of incubation. The populations recovered after 2 to 4 weeks and stimulatory effects on populations were also observed in later stages. No inhibition of acetylene (C2H2) reduction was evident with any of the insecticides. However, WL 43467 at both concentrations and permethrin and WL 41706 at 5 μg/g increased nitrification after 4 weeks. Soil microbial respiration, as indicated by oxygen consumption, increased with increasing concentration of insecticides, suggesting the possibility of microbial degradation of the insecticides. Dehydrogenase activity showed that none of the insecticides inhibited formazan (2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium formazan) formation, whereas urease activity was stimulated in most cases. The studies indicated that some of the pyrethroid insecticides may exert transient effects on populations and activities of the microflora in a sandy loam, but these were short-lived and minor in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Tu
- Research Institute, Agriculture Canada, N6A 5B7, London, Ontario, Canada
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Tu CM. Influence of pesticides and some of the oxidized analogues on microbial populations, nitrification and respiration activities in soil. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 1980; 24:13-19. [PMID: 7357103 DOI: 10.1007/bf01608068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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Tu CM. Effects of pesticide seed treatments on Rhizobium japonicum and its symbiotic relationship with soybean. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 1977; 18:190-9. [PMID: 70252 DOI: 10.1007/bf01686066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Seventeen Rhizobium japonicum cultures isolated from soybean nodules induced formation of nodules on taproots of soybean plants. All isolates reduced acetylene to ethylene to different extents in vitro. Paper disc assay indicated that two insecticides, lindane (gamma-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane), chlorpyrifos (O,O-diethyl O-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl phosphorothioate), and a fungicide, thiram (tetramethylthiuram disulphide) individually or in combination caused significant inhibition of the growth of R. japonicum No. 16. The effects of insecticide-fungicide seed treatments on the nitrogenase activity of soybean plants in nitrogen-fixing capacity, weights of leaves, stems, and nodules were determined. Thiram, singly or in combination with lindane and/or chlorpyrifos, significantly delayed growth of the plants and affected the activity of nitrogenase in the fixation of nitrogen 3 weeks after treatments. No drastic effect of any of the pesticide treatments on soybean plant growth was observed after 8 weeks.
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Abstract
Of 147 microorganisms isolated from a loamy sand, 71 showed good growth with lindane (gamma-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane) and produced chloride in an aqueous medium. Thirteen soil microorganisms were selected to study the utilization of lindane. Lindane was metabolized by the microbes to gamma-2,3,4,5,6-pentachloro-1-cyclohexene (gamma-PCCH), alpha-3,4,5,6-tetrachloro-1-cyclohexene (alpha-TCCH), beta3,4,5,6-tetrachloro-1-cyclohexene (beta-TCCH), gamma-3,4,5,6-tetrachloro-1-cyclohexene (gamma-TCCH), and pentachlorobenzene (PCB). Cells of Pseudomonas sp. No. 62 grown on lindane simultaneously adapted to gamma-PCCH, alpha-TCCH, beta-TCCH, gamma-TCCH, PCB, 1,2,3,4,-tetrachlorobenzene (1,2,3,4-TCB) and 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene (1,2,4,5-TCB). The bacteria degraded each of these chemicals at least partially as indicated by an increased rate of oxygen consumption.
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Abstract
Three lindane (gamma-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane) treated soils were studied under laboratory conditions to determine the interaction between lindane and the soil microorganisms. Microbial populations and respiration were monitored to study insecticide effects. Formation of lindane degradation products and chloride content were examined to determine effects of the microorganisms. Some populations in lindane treated soils showed temporary declines but all ultimately recovered to at least the level of the controls in 16 weeks. Respiration was stimulated over a 9-week period especially in the sandy and clay loams, suggesting the possibility of microbial degradation of the insecticide. Lindane degradation products separated and identified by TLC included gamma-2,3,4,5,6-pentachloro-1-cyclohexene (gamma-PCCH), gamma-3,4,5,6,-tetrachloro-1-cyclohexene (gamma-TCCH), gamma-3,4,5,6-tetrachloro-1-cyclohexene (gamma-TCCH), and pentachlorobenzene (PCB). Chloride production increased in soils treated with higher levels of lindane.
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Abstract
The effects of Dasanit®, carbofuran, D–D®, and Vorlex® on microbial activities in a loamy sand were evaluated in laboratory experiments at temperatures of 5 and 28C. Bacterial and fungal populations initially decreased with some of the fumigant treatments but the populations recovered after 2 weeks. D–D and Vorlex significantly stimulated ammonification of soil native organic nitrogen at 28C after 4 weeks. In some instances, fumigants decreased ammonium production from added peptone at low temperature. No inhibition of nitrification and sulfur oxidation was evident with any of the nematicides. The effect of fumigant and glucose treatments on the respiration of microorganisms at 15 and 30C showed that the inhibition period observed in the early stages of incubation was negatively correlated with the soil temperature.
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Abstract
Tests were conducted to determine the effects of four nematocides, Dasanit, carbofuran, D-D, and Vorlex on microbial activities in a loamy sand. The results indicated that bacterial and fungal populations initially decreased with some nematocide treatments but recovered rapidly to levels similar to those in the controls. In some instances, ammonium production from added peptone increased in the nematocide-treated soils, whereas mineralization of soil organic nitrogen and nitrification and oxidation of elemental sulfur were depressed. Oxygen consumption generally increased in proportion to the concentration of nematocide in the soil. However, with Vorlex, an increase in respiration was evident at the lower concentration, whereas an inhibitory effect occurred at the higher concentration. The study indicated that indigenous soil microorganisms can tolerate these chemicals used for control of nematodes in soil.
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Abstract
Laboratory tests were conducted with four organophosphorus insecticides, Bay 37289 (O-ethyl O-2,4,5-trichlorophenyl ethylphosphonothioate), diazinon [O,O-diethyl O-(2-isopropyl-4-methyl-6-pyrimidinyl) phosphorothioate], Dursban (O,O-diethyl O-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl phosphorothioate), and Zinophos (O,O-diethyl O-2-pyrazinyl phosphorothioate), applied to a sandy loam at rates of 10 and 100 mug/g to determine whether these materials caused any serious effects on microbial activities related to soil fertility. All insecticides showed an effect on fungi and bacteria for the first and second week of incubation, but, subsequently, the populations returned to levels similar to those obtained in the controls. All insecticide applications increased ammonium production, but, in some instances, there appeared to be a slight depression of nitrification. Sulfur oxidation was equal to or better than that obtained with untreated soil in most cases. There was no significant effect on phosphorus mineralization. Oxygen consumption indicated that microbial respiration increased in proportion to the concentration of insecticides, suggesting the possibilities of microbial degradation of the insecticides or their degradation products and of uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation.
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