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Fibre Bragg Grating Based Interface Pressure Sensor for Compression Therapy. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22051798. [PMID: 35270942 PMCID: PMC8915074 DOI: 10.3390/s22051798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Compression therapy is widely used as the gold standard for management of chronic venous insufficiency and venous leg ulcers, and the amount of pressure applied during the compression therapy is crucial in supporting healing. A fibre optic pressure sensor using Fibre Bragg Gratings (FBGs) is developed in this paper to measure sub-bandage pressure whilst removing cross-sensitivity due to strain in the fibre and temperature. The interface pressure is measured by an FBG encapsulated in a polymer and housed in a textile to minimise discomfort for the patient. The repeatability of a manual fabrication process is investigated by fabricating and calibrating ten sensors. A customized calibration setup consisting of a programmable translation stage and a weighing scale gives sensitivities in the range 0.4–1.5 pm/mmHg (2.6–11.3 pm/kPa). An alternative calibration method using a rigid plastic cylinder and a blood pressure cuff is also demonstrated. Investigations are performed with the sensor under a compression bandage on a phantom leg to test the response of the sensor to changing pressures in static situations. Measurements are taken on a human subject to demonstrate changes in interface pressure under a compression bandage during motion to mimic a clinical application. These results are compared to the current gold standard medical sensor using a Bland–Altman analysis, with a median bias ranging from −4.6 to −20.4 mmHg, upper limit of agreement (LOA) from −13.5 to 2.7 mmHg and lower LOA from −32.4 to −7.7 mmHg. The sensor has the potential to be used as a training tool for nurses and can be left in situ to monitor bandage pressure during compression therapy.
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Zhu C, Gerald RE, Huang J. Micromachined Optical Fiber Sensors for Biomedical Applications. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2393:367-414. [PMID: 34837190 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1803-5_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Optical fibers revolutionized the rate of information reception and transmission in telecommunications. The revolution has now extended to the field of physicochemical sensing. Optical fiber sensors (OFSs) have found a multitude of applications, spanning from structural health monitoring to biomedical and clinical measurements due to their unique physical and functional advantages, such as small dimensions, light weight, immunity to electromagnetic interference, high sensitivity and resolution, multiplexing, and remote operation. OFSs generally rely on the detection of measurand-induced changes in the optical properties of the light propagating in the fiber, where the OFS essentially functions as the conduit and physical link between the probing light waves and the physicochemical parameters under investigation. Several advanced micromachining techniques have been developed to optimize the structure of OFSs, thus improving their sensing performance. These techniques include fusion splicing, tapering, polishing, and more complicated femtosecond laser micromachining methods. This chapter discusses and reviews the most recent developments in micromachined OFSs specifically for biomedical applications. Step-by-step procedures for several optical fiber micromachining techniques are detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA
| | - Rex E Gerald
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA.
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Xie Z, Yan H, Zhang H, Zhao X, Han D. Cantilever deflection optical fiber sensor based on a chirped fiber grating Fabry-Perot cavity. APPLIED OPTICS 2021; 60:8384-8389. [PMID: 34612937 DOI: 10.1364/ao.434672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A cantilever deflection fiber-optic sensor based on chirped fiber grating (CFG) Fabry-Perot (FP) cavity had been proposed and experimental demonstrated. Two CFBGs with the same chirped coefficient direction and grating parameters are written in one single-mode fiber by UV mask exposure to form the CFG-FP cavity. The central wavelength of two CFGs is 1549.6072 nm, the 3 dB bandwidth is 2.9897 nm, and the physical cavity length of two CFGs is 1 cm. The grating region of two CFGs are straightness fixed on a cantilever beam, forming a sensor. Then the optical properties of this sensor are tested with different stresses at different positions of the cantilever beam. The experimental results show that this sensor can obtain linear displacement of a cantilever beam, overcoming the abilities of the FBG sensor, which only performed point measurement defect. The wavelength drift sensitivity of the sensor is 2.31 pm/g, and linearity is 0.99916. This sensor has great application value in the precise measurement of cantilever beam type and two-dimensional scale strain.
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Kruanopparat R. Pressure-Measuring Devices for Compression Therapy in Venous Leg Ulcers: A Comprehensive Review. Adv Skin Wound Care 2021; 34:1-6. [PMID: 34415258 DOI: 10.1097/01.asw.0000767324.54122.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the evolution of pressure-measuring devices used in compression treatment for venous leg ulcers and assess the most practical and effective devices to determine optimal pressure in compression therapy. DATA SOURCES Relevant information was retrieved from databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, Wiley Online, and ScienceDirect without publication date restrictions. The keywords included venous leg ulcer, compression therapy, pressure measuring device, pressure sensor, and wireless system. STUDY SELECTION Studies included in the review had to be published in English and discuss or compare pressure-measuring devices/sensors for compression therapy, the development of alternative sensors, and the applications of wireless technologies. Veterinary studies, conference proceedings, and unpublished articles were excluded. Applicable studies and articles were critically evaluated and synthesized. DATA EXTRACTION After abstract review, 39 studies were identified. During full-text review, study details were collected using a data extraction form and organized into tables. Device attributes, accuracy, price, and limitations were categorized and analyzed. DATA SYNTHESIS Studies disagree on the effectiveness and user-friendliness of existing pressure-measuring devices. These devices often impact user comfort and convenience, which are crucial factors in the adoption and use of wearable devices. Potential solutions for pressure-measuring devices with promising technologies were proposed: four feasible alternative sensors are described that could improve comfort and facilitate prolonged use under bandages. Advanced communication technologies may provide more convenience for users and practitioners. CONCLUSIONS Conventional pressure-measuring devices used in compression therapy are not designed for the user's comfort and convenience. The use of flexible and stretchy pressure sensors (e-skin) provides good biocompatibility, conformability, and comfort and when integrated with near-field communication technology could address the drawbacks of current pressure-measuring devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rungphet Kruanopparat
- Rungphet Kruanopparat, MSc, OTR, is Occupational Therapist, Sirindhorn National Medical Rehabilitation Institute, Nonthaburi, Thailand. The author has disclosed no financial relationships related to this article. Submitted January 11, 2021; accepted in revised form February 16, 2021
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Yu J, Ling W, Li Y, Ma N, Wu Z, Liang R, Pan H, Liu W, Fu B, Wang K, Li C, Wang H, Peng H, Ning B, Yang J, Huang X. A Multichannel Flexible Optoelectronic Fiber Device for Distributed Implantable Neurological Stimulation and Monitoring. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2005925. [PMID: 33372299 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202005925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Optical fibers made of polymeric materials possess high flexibility that can potentially integrate with flexible electronic devices to realize complex functions in biology and neurology. Here, a multichannel flexible device based on four individually addressable optical fibers transfer-printed with flexible electronic components and controlled by a wireless circuit is developed. The resulting device offers excellent mechanics that is compatible with soft and curvilinear tissues, and excellent diversity through switching different light sources. The combined configuration of optical fibers and flexible electronics allows optical stimulation in selective wavelengths guided by the optical fibers, while conducting distributed, high-throughput biopotential sensing using the flexible microelectrode arrays. The device has been demonstrated in vivo with rats through optical stimulation and simultaneously monitoring of spontaneous/evoked spike signals and local field potentials using 32 microelectrodes in four brain regions. Biocompatibility of the device has been characterized by behavior and immunohistochemistry studies, demonstrating potential applications of the device in long-term animal studies. The techniques to integrate flexible electronics with optical fibers may inspire the development of more flexible optoelectronic devices for sophisticated applications in biomedicine and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxian Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Wei Ling
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Ya Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Department of Life Science, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Ziyue Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Rong Liang
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Huizhuo Pan
- Department of Life Science, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Wentao Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, 1 Dali Road, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Bo Fu
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, 1 Dali Road, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, 1 Dali Road, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Chenxi Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Hanjie Wang
- Department of Life Science, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Hui Peng
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, 1 Dali Road, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Baoan Ning
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, 1 Dali Road, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Jiajia Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xian Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Center of Flexible Wearable Technology, Institute of Flexible Electronic Technology of Tsinghua, 906 Asia-Pacific Road, Zhejiang, Jiaxing, 314006, China
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Markowski K, Araszkiewicz P, Bojarczuk J, Perlicki K. High-sensitivity chirped tapered fiber-Bragg-grating-based Fabry-Perot cavity for strain measurements. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:2838-2841. [PMID: 32412481 DOI: 10.1364/ol.390784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, a novel, to the best of our knowledge, Fabry-Perot cavity, based on Bragg grating technology for temperature and strain monitoring, is presented. Such a structure consists of two linearly chirped fiber Bragg gratings of a significant length written in a thermally tapered optical fiber. The technological process for manufacturing such a grating allows for utilization of almost every tapered fiber, by means of its profile and also phase masks with various chirp ratios. For this type of structure, a method for strain discrimination based on monitoring of the cavity length is proposed, enabling potential multiplexation of the sensor of two structures, which have the similar reflection spectra, by means of their spectral position. The utilized sensing mechanism allowed for achieving strain sensitivity by means of the cavity length change as high as 5 µm/µɛ. Also, as it has been experimentally shown a structure can also be employed for measurements of temperature, with the sensitivity equal to 8.96 pm/°C.
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Parkinson LA, Rosamilia A, Mukherjee S, Papageorgiou AW, Melendez-Munoz J, Werkmeister JA, Gargett CE, Arkwright JW. A fiber-optic sensor-based device for the measurement of vaginal integrity in women. Neurourol Urodyn 2019; 38:2264-2272. [PMID: 31385355 DOI: 10.1002/nau.24130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Pelvic floor disorders (PFDs) in women are a major public health concern. Current clinical methods for assessing PFDs are either subjective or confounded by interference from intra-abdominal pressure (IAP). This study introduces an intravaginal probe that can determine distributed vaginal pressure during voluntary exercises and measures the degree of vaginal tissue support independent of IAP fluctuations. METHODS An intravaginal probe was fabricated with 18 independent fiber-optic pressure transducers positioned along its upper and lower blades. Continuous pressure measurement along the anterior and posterior vaginal walls during the automated expansion of the probe enabled the resistance of the tissue to be evaluated as a function of displacement, in a manner reflecting the elastic modulus of the tissue. After validation in a simulated vaginal phantom, in vivo measurements were conducted in the relaxed state and during a series of voluntary exercises to gauge the utility of the device in women. RESULTS The probe reliably detected variations in the composition of sub-surface material in the vaginal phantom. During in-vivo measurements the probe detected distributed tissue elasticity in the absence of IAP change. In addition, the distribution of pressure along both anterior and posterior vaginal walls during cough, Valsalva and pelvic floor contraction was clearly resolved with a large variation observed between subjects. CONCLUSIONS Our data highlight the potential for the probe to assess the integrity of the vagina wall and support structures as an integrated functional unit. Further in vivo trials are needed to correlate data with clinical findings to assist in the assessment of PFDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke A Parkinson
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Tonsley, South Australia, Australia
| | - Anna Rosamilia
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Monash Health Hospital & Health Care, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shayanti Mukherjee
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anthony W Papageorgiou
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Tonsley, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Jerome A Werkmeister
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Caroline E Gargett
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - John W Arkwright
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Tonsley, South Australia, Australia
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Boxall SL, Carville K, Leslie GD, Jansen SJ. Controlling compression bandaging pressure in leg ulcer research trials: A summary of the literature. Phlebology 2019; 34:501-514. [PMID: 30674236 DOI: 10.1177/0268355519825590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Compression bandaging remains the ‘gold standard’ intervention for the treatment of venous leg ulcers. Numerous studies have investigated the effect of a large variety of compression bandaging techniques and materials on venous leg ulcer healing. However, the majority of these studies failed to monitor both actual bandage application pressures and the bandaging competency of participating clinicians. A series of literature searches to explore the methods, practices, recommendations and results of monitoring compression bandaging pressures in leg ulcer research trials were undertaken. This included investigating the reliability and validity of sub-bandage pressure monitors and the degree to which compression bandaging achieves the recommended sub-bandage pressure. The literature revealed inconsistencies regarding the monitoring of sub-bandage pressure and in sub-bandage pressures produced by clinicians. This creates difficulties when comparing study outcomes and attempting to develop evidence-based practice recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon L Boxall
- 1 School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
| | - Keryln Carville
- 2 Curtin University and Silver Chain Group, Bentley, Australia
| | - Gavin D Leslie
- 1 School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
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Ruiz-Vargas A, Ivorra A, Arkwright JW. Design, Construction and Validation of an Electrical Impedance Probe with Contact Force and Temperature Sensors Suitable for in-vivo Measurements. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14818. [PMID: 30287842 PMCID: PMC6172255 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33221-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioimpedance spectroscopy measurements can be used for tissue characterization. These measurements can be performed in soft tissues by direct contact of a non-invasive probe consisting of two or four electrodes. The amount of force applied by users can be quite different, and the measurements can vary as a result. To compensate for this, we have built an electrical impedance probe (diameter 3.2 mm) with fibre optic contact-force and temperature sensors built in it. The different sensors of the probe were tested individually. The errors in magnitude and phase angle of the probe are <0.9% and <4°, respectively, for a 0.9% NaCl solution. The linear dynamic range of the force sensor was from 0 to 100 grams. An ex-vivo experiment on a section of proximal colon from a guinea-pig was performed. Twenty bioimpedance measurements were taken in a frequency range of 5 kHz to 1 MHz, while simultaneously recording the force applied. For an increase in contact pressure applied to tissue from 0 to 15.4 kPa, the maximum change in resistivity was 33% at 5 kHz and the minimum was 6.6% at 142 kHz. The probe is small enough to be introduced via the instrument port of an endoscope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Ruiz-Vargas
- The Medical Device Research Institute, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Antoni Ivorra
- Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Serra Húnter Programme, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - John William Arkwright
- The Medical Device Research Institute, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
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Ruiz-Vargas A, Ivorra A, Arkwright JW. Monitoring the Effect of Contact Pressure on Bioimpedance Measurements. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2018; 2018:4949-4952. [PMID: 30441453 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2018.8513173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents preliminary results on the effect of contact pressure on bioimpedance measurements in an excised section of human colon tissue. The impedance measurements were performed with a small diameter probe suitable for in-vivo use, which is capable of measuring contact force. Force measurements are performed by fiber optic sensor which consisted of a Fiber Bragg Grating. The obtained results highlight the importance on limiting the applied pressure during bioimpedance measurements.
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Parkinson LA, van Zanten M, Piller N, Arkwright JW. A high-resolution tape sensor improves the accuracy of applied pressure profiles during lower-leg bandaging - results from a study using a fibre-optic sensing tape. Int Wound J 2017; 14:973-977. [PMID: 28296351 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.12741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Compression bandaging is a mainstay practice in the treatment of conditions such as chronic wounds and lymphoedema. However, the ability of practitioners to measure bandage application to a desired pressure profile is difficult because of sensor limitations. We have used a novel fibre-optic-based, high-resolution sub-bandage pressure monitor to measure adherence to a target pressure gradient during compression bandaging. Participants of various experience (n = 46) were asked to bandage a lower-leg manikin to a gradient of 40 (ankle) to 20 mmHg (proximal calf) in both a blinded trial and subsequently with sensor feedback. Mean pressures across all sensors for both the blind and sensor-guided trials approximated a target mean of 30 mmHg. However, the mean gradient achieved in the blinded trial showed an inverse pressure gradient to the target with a high-pressure region at the mid-calf (44 ± 19 mmHg). Correlation to the target gradient improved from R2 = 0·62 during the blind trial to 0·93 using sensor feedback, with a gradient that closely approximated the target. This demonstrates the use of high-resolution sub-bandage pressure sensing in improving the ability of practitioners to achieve a target pressure gradient in compression bandaging for clinical use and training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke A Parkinson
- Medical Device Research Institute, Flinders University, Tonsley, SA, Australia
| | - Malou van Zanten
- Lymphoedema Clinical Research Unit, Department of Surgery, Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Neil Piller
- Lymphoedema Clinical Research Unit, Department of Surgery, Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - John W Arkwright
- Medical Device Research Institute, Flinders University, Tonsley, SA, Australia
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Parkinson LA, Gargett CE, Young N, Rosamilia A, Vashi AV, Werkmeister JA, Papageorgiou AW, Arkwright JW. Real-time measurement of the vaginal pressure profile using an optical-fiber-based instrumented speculum. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:127008. [PMID: 28008450 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.12.127008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) occurs when changes to the pelvic organ support structures cause descent or herniation of the pelvic organs into the vagina. Clinical evaluation of POP is a series of manual measurements known as the pelvic organ prolapse quantification (POP-Q) score. However, it fails to identify the mechanism causing POP and relies on the skills of the practitioner. We report on a modified vaginal speculum incorporating a double-helix fiber-Bragg grating structure for distributed pressure measurements along the length of the vagina and include preliminary data in an ovine model of prolapse. Vaginal pressure profiles were recorded at 10 Hz as the speculum was dilated incrementally up to 20 mm. At 10-mm dilation, nulliparous sheep showed higher mean pressures ( 102 ± 46 ?? mmHg ) than parous sheep ( 39 ± 23 ?? mmHg ) ( P = 0.02 ), attributable largely to the proximal (cervical) end of the vagina. In addition to overall pressure variations, we observed a difference in the distribution of pressure that related to POP-Q measurements adapted for the ovine anatomy, showing increased tissue laxity in the upper anterior vagina for parous ewes. We demonstrate the utility of the fiber-optic instrumented speculum for rapid distributed measurement of vaginal support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke A Parkinson
- Flinders University, Medical Device Research Institute, 1284 South Road, Tonsley, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Caroline E Gargett
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, The Ritchie Centre, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC 3168, AustraliacMonash University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Natharnia Young
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, The Ritchie Centre, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Anna Rosamilia
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, The Ritchie Centre, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC 3168, AustraliacMonash University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Aditya V Vashi
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Research Way, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Jerome A Werkmeister
- Monash University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, AustraliadCSIRO Manufacturing, Research Way, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Anthony W Papageorgiou
- Flinders University, Medical Device Research Institute, 1284 South Road, Tonsley, SA 5042, Australia
| | - John W Arkwright
- Flinders University, Medical Device Research Institute, 1284 South Road, Tonsley, SA 5042, Australia
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Ambastha S, Umesh S, Dabir S, Asokan S. Spinal needle force monitoring during lumbar puncture using fiber Bragg grating force device. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:117002. [PMID: 27819394 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.11.117002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A technique for real-time dynamic monitoring of force experienced by a spinal needle during lumbar puncture using a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor is presented. The proposed FBG force device (FBGFD) evaluates the compressive force on the spinal needle during lumbar puncture, particularly avoiding the bending effect on the needle. The working principle of the FBGFD is based on transduction of force experienced by the spinal needle into strain variations monitored by the FBG sensor. FBGFD facilitates external mounting of a spinal needle for its smooth insertion during lumbar puncture without any intervention. The developed FBGFD assists study and analysis of the force required for the spinal needle to penetrate various tissue layers from skin to the epidural space; this force is indicative of the varied resistance offered by different tissue layers for the spinal needle traversal. Calibration of FBGFD is performed on a micro-universal testing machine for 0 to 20 N range with an obtained resolution of 0.021 N. The experimental trials using spinal needles mounted on FBGFD are carried out on a human cadaver specimen with punctures made in the lumbar region from different directions. Distinct forces are recorded when the needle encounters skin, muscle tissue, and a bone in its traversing path. Real-time spinal needle force monitoring using FBGFD may reduce potentially serious complications during the lumbar puncture, such as overpuncturing of tissue regions, by impeding the spinal needle insertion at epidural space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Ambastha
- Indian Institute of Science, Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Sharath Umesh
- Indian Institute of Science, Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Sundaresh Dabir
- Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Medical Sciences, Department of Orthopaedics, Bangalore 560066, India
| | - Sundarrajan Asokan
- Indian Institute of Science, Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics, Bangalore 560012, India
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Baldoli I, Mazzocchi T, Paoletti C, Ricotti L, Salvo P, Dini V, Laschi C, Francesco FD, Menciassi A. Pressure mapping with textile sensors for compression therapy monitoring. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2016; 230:795-808. [PMID: 27334110 DOI: 10.1177/0954411916655184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Compression therapy is the cornerstone of treatment in the case of venous leg ulcers. The therapy outcome is strictly dependent on the pressure distribution produced by bandages along the lower limb length. To date, pressure monitoring has been carried out using sensors that present considerable drawbacks, such as single point instead of distributed sensing, no shape conformability, bulkiness and constraints on patient's movements. In this work, matrix textile sensing technologies were explored in terms of their ability to measure the sub-bandage pressure with a suitable temporal and spatial resolution. A multilayered textile matrix based on a piezoresistive sensing principle was developed, calibrated and tested with human subjects, with the aim of assessing real-time distributed pressure sensing at the skin/bandage interface. Experimental tests were carried out on three healthy volunteers, using two different bandage types, from among those most commonly used. Such tests allowed the trends of pressure distribution to be evaluated over time, both at rest and during daily life activities. Results revealed that the proposed device enables the dynamic assessment of compression mapping, with a suitable spatial and temporal resolution (20 mm and 10 Hz, respectively). In addition, the sensor is flexible and conformable, thus well accepted by the patient. Overall, this study demonstrates the adequacy of the proposed piezoresistive textile sensor for the real-time monitoring of bandage-based therapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Baldoli
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pontedera, Italy
| | - Tommaso Mazzocchi
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pontedera, Italy
| | - Clara Paoletti
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Leonardo Ricotti
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pontedera, Italy
| | - Pietro Salvo
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valentina Dini
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cecilia Laschi
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pontedera, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Francesco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Arianna Menciassi
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pontedera, Italy
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Bundalo IL, Lwin R, Leon-Saval S, Argyros A. All-plastic fiber-based pressure sensor. APPLIED OPTICS 2016; 55:811-6. [PMID: 26836084 DOI: 10.1364/ao.55.000811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We present a feasibility study and a prototype of an all-plastic fiber-based pressure sensor. The sensor is based on long period gratings inscribed for the first time to the best of our knowledge by a CO2 laser in polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) microstructured fibers and coupled to a pod-like transducer that converts pressure to strain. The sensor prototype was characterized for pressures up to 150 mbars, and various parameters related to its construction were also characterized in order to enhance sensitivity. We consider this sensor in the context of future applications in endoscopic pressure sensors.
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