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Ortega-Gomez A, Hernández O, Oña D, Biurrun-Quel C, Río CD, Liberal I. Noise Cancellation Effects in Integrated Photonics with Wilkinson Power Dividers. ACS PHOTONICS 2023; 10:1240-1249. [PMID: 37215317 PMCID: PMC10197118 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.2c01675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Wilkinson power dividers (WPDs) are a popular element in RF and microwave technologies known for providing isolation capabilities. However, the benefits that WPDs could offer to integrated photonic systems are far less studied. Here, we investigate the thermal emission from and the noise performance of silicon-on-insulator (SOI) WPDs. We find that WPDs exhibit a noiseless port, with important implications for receiving systems and absorption-based quantum state transformations. At the same time, the thermal signals exiting noisy ports exhibit nontrivial correlations, opening the possibility for noise cancellation. We analyze passive and active networks containing WPDs showing how such nontrivial correlations can prevent the amplification of the thermal noise introduced by WPDs while benefiting from their isolation capabilities. Using this insight, we propose a modified ring-resonator amplifier that improves by N times the SNR in comparison with conventional traveling wave and ring-resonator amplifiers, with N being the number of inputs/outputs of the WPD. We believe that our results represent an important step forward in the implementation of SOI-WPDs and their integration in complex photonic networks, particularly for mid-IR and quantum photonics applications.
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2
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Sol J, Alhulaymi A, Stone AD, del Hougne P. Reflectionless programmable signal routers. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf0323. [PMID: 36696503 PMCID: PMC9876551 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf0323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate experimentally that reflectionless scattering modes (RSMs), a generalized version of coherent perfect absorption, can be functionalized to perform reflectionless programmable signal routing. We achieve versatile programmability both in terms of operating frequencies and routing functionality with negligible reflection upon in-coupling, which avoids unwanted signal power echoes in radio frequency or photonic networks. We report in situ observations of routing functionalities like wavelength demultiplexing, including cases where multichannel excitation requires adapted coherent input wavefronts. All experiments are performed in the microwave domain based on the same irregularly shaped cavity with strong modal overlap that is massively parametrized by a 304-element-programmable metasurface. RSMs in our highly overdamped multiresonance transport problem are fundamentally intriguing because the simple critical coupling picture for reflectionless excitation of isolated resonances fails spectacularly. We show in simulation that the distribution of damping rates of scattering singularities broadens under strong absorption so that weakly damped zeros can be tuned toward functionalized RSMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Sol
- INSA Rennes, CNRS, IETR-UMR 6164, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Ali Alhulaymi
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - A. Douglas Stone
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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3
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Meng Y, Chen Y, Lu L, Ding Y, Cusano A, Fan JA, Hu Q, Wang K, Xie Z, Liu Z, Yang Y, Liu Q, Gong M, Xiao Q, Sun S, Zhang M, Yuan X, Ni X. Optical meta-waveguides for integrated photonics and beyond. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2021; 10:235. [PMID: 34811345 PMCID: PMC8608813 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-021-00655-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The growing maturity of nanofabrication has ushered massive sophisticated optical structures available on a photonic chip. The integration of subwavelength-structured metasurfaces and metamaterials on the canonical building block of optical waveguides is gradually reshaping the landscape of photonic integrated circuits, giving rise to numerous meta-waveguides with unprecedented strength in controlling guided electromagnetic waves. Here, we review recent advances in meta-structured waveguides that synergize various functional subwavelength photonic architectures with diverse waveguide platforms, such as dielectric or plasmonic waveguides and optical fibers. Foundational results and representative applications are comprehensively summarized. Brief physical models with explicit design tutorials, either physical intuition-based design methods or computer algorithms-based inverse designs, are cataloged as well. We highlight how meta-optics can infuse new degrees of freedom to waveguide-based devices and systems, by enhancing light-matter interaction strength to drastically boost device performance, or offering a versatile designer media for manipulating light in nanoscale to enable novel functionalities. We further discuss current challenges and outline emerging opportunities of this vibrant field for various applications in photonic integrated circuits, biomedical sensing, artificial intelligence and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Yizhen Chen
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing and School of Information, Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Longhui Lu
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yimin Ding
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Andrea Cusano
- Optoelectronic Division, Department of Engineering, University of Sannio, I-82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - Jonathan A Fan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Qiaomu Hu
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Kaiyuan Wang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zhenwei Xie
- Nanophotonics Research Centre, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Zhoutian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanmu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Photonic Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Mali Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Photonic Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Qirong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Photonic Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
| | - Shulin Sun
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing and School of Information, Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University, Chengbei Road, Yiwu City, 322000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Minming Zhang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China.
| | - Xiaocong Yuan
- Nanophotonics Research Centre, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xingjie Ni
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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4
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Del Hougne P, Yeo KB, Besnier P, Davy M. Coherent Wave Control in Complex Media with Arbitrary Wavefronts. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:193903. [PMID: 34047573 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.193903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Wavefront shaping (WFS) has emerged as a powerful tool to control the propagation of diverse wave phenomena (light, sound, microwaves, etc.) in disordered matter for applications including imaging, communication, energy transfer, micromanipulation, and scattering anomalies. Nonetheless, in practice the necessary coherent control of multiple input channels remains a vexing problem. Here, we overcome this difficulty by doping the disordered medium with programmable meta-atoms in order to adapt it to an imposed arbitrary incoming wavefront. Besides lifting the need for carefully shaped incident wavefronts, our approach also unlocks new opportunities such as sequentially achieving different functionalities with the same arbitrary wavefront. We demonstrate our concept experimentally for electromagnetic waves using programmable metasurfaces in a chaotic cavity, with applications to focusing with the generalized Wigner-Smith operator as well as coherent perfect absorption. We expect our fundamentally new perspective on coherent wave control to facilitate the transition of intricate WFS protocols into real applications for various wave phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K Brahima Yeo
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IETR - UMR 6164, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | | | - Matthieu Davy
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IETR - UMR 6164, F-35000, Rennes, France
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5
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Rao JW, Xu PC, Gui YS, Wang YP, Yang Y, Yao B, Dietrich J, Bridges GE, Fan XL, Xue DS, Hu CM. Interferometric control of magnon-induced nearly perfect absorption in cavity magnonics. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1933. [PMID: 33772003 PMCID: PMC7997962 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22171-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The perfect absorption of electromagnetic waves has promoted many applications, including photovoltaics, radar cloaking, and molecular detection. Unlike conventional methods of critical coupling that require asymmetric boundaries or coherent perfect absorption that require multiple coherent incident beams, here we demonstrate single-beam perfect absorption in an on-chip cavity magnonic device without breaking its boundary symmetry. By exploiting magnon-mediated interference between two internal channels, both reflection and transmission of our device can be suppressed to zero, resulting in magnon-induced nearly perfect absorption (MIPA). Such interference can be tuned by the strength and direction of an external magnetic field, thus showing versatile controllability. Furthermore, the same multi-channel interference responsible for MIPA also produces level attraction (LA)-like hybridization between a cavity magnon polariton mode and a cavity photon mode, demonstrating that LA-like hybridization can be surprisingly realized in a coherently coupled system.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Rao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada, R3T 2N2
| | - P C Xu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada, R3T 2N2
| | - Y S Gui
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada, R3T 2N2
| | - Y P Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada, R3T 2N2
| | - Y Yang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada, R3T 2N2
| | - Bimu Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200083, China.
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - J Dietrich
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada, R3T 2N2
| | - G E Bridges
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada, R3T 2N2
| | - X L Fan
- The Key Lab for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - D S Xue
- The Key Lab for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - C-M Hu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada, R3T 2N2.
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6
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Wang D, Luo J, Sun Z, Lai Y. Transforming zero-index media into geometry-invariant coherent perfect absorbers via embedded conductive films. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:5247-5258. [PMID: 33726064 DOI: 10.1364/oe.416632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we demonstrate an approach to realize geometry-invariant multi-channel coherent perfect absorbers by embedding ultrathin conductive films in zero-index media. Coherent perfect absorption can be achieved for waves incidents from an arbitrary number of input channels as long as the total width of the channels equals to a critical value that is only determined by the length and material parameters of the conductive films instead of their shapes and positions. The absorption attributes to induced currents in the conductive films by the electric fields of incidence, and the shape- and position-independent characteristics originate from the uniformly distributed electric fields inside the zero-index media. By using dielectric photonic crystals and photonic-doped zero-index media, we numerically demonstrate such an interesting transformation from zero-index media to coherent perfect absorbers. Furthermore, ultrathin coherent perfect absorbers based on zero-index media are also demonstrated in waveguides. Our work reveals a unique mechanism to change the material responses between zero-index media and coherent perfect absorbers.
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7
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Li H, Xu W, Cui Q, Wang Y, Yu J. Theoretical design of a reconfigurable broadband integrated metamaterial terahertz device. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:40060-40074. [PMID: 33379540 DOI: 10.1364/oe.414961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An actively reconfigurable broadband terahertz (THz) metamaterial functional device based on the phase-change material vanadium dioxide (VO2) and two-dimensional graphene material is theoretically proposed and demonstrated. The device has excellent tolerance under oblique incidence. When the VO2 is in the metallic state, and the Fermi energy of graphene is fixed at 0.1 eV, the designed device acts as a broadband THz absorber in the transverse magnetic (TM) polarization mode. The absorptance bandwidth exceeds 0.55 THz with a complete absorption intensity of more than 90%. In this state, the absorber operates as a broadband modulator with the total modulation depth exceeding 91.5% as the continually decreased conductivity of VO2 from 200000 S/m to 10 S/m. In the transverse electric (TE) polarization process, the structure behaves as a dual-band absorber with two perfect absorption peaks. When the conductivity of VO2 is changed, the tunable absorber can also be regarded as an absorptance modulator, with a maximum modulation intensity of 92.1%. Alternatively, when VO2 behaves as an insulator at room temperature in the TE polarization mode, a strong broadband electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) window is obtained, with a bandwidth exceeding 0.42 THz in the transmittance spectrum. By varying the Fermi energy of graphene from 0 to 0.9 eV, the EIT-like window or broadband transmission spectrum (in TM mode) can be switched. The results indicate that the device can also be operated as a modulator in the transmission mode. The impedance matching theory is used, and electric field distributions are analyzed to quantify the physical mechanism. An advantage of the manipulation of the polarization angle is that the modulation performance of the proposed multi-functional THz device can be regulated after fabricated.
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8
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Shi L, Shang J, Liu Z, Li Y, Fu G, Liu X, Pan P, Luo H, Liu G. Ultra-narrow multi-band polarization-insensitive plasmonic perfect absorber for sensing. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:465501. [PMID: 32764189 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abad60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically propose a simple ultra-narrow multi-band perfect absorber for sensing applications. The perfect absorber consists of periodically arranged metallic nanodisks etched with regular prismatic holes standing on the dielectric-metal bi-layer films. Multiple ultra-narrow perfect absorption bands are obtained in the near-infrared region with the maximum bandwidth less than 21 nm and the intensity as high as 99.86%. The ultra-narrow multi-band perfect absorption originates from the synergy of localized surface plasmons, propagating surface plasmons and lattice resonances. The perfect absorber also presents other significant advantages, e.g. polarization insensitivity and high sensitivity of surrounding environments. Moreover, the prominent sensing performance for detecting the trace amounts of glucose in water is demonstrated. These features make it a promising candidate with great potential in the fields of perfect absorbers, plasmonic sensors, filters and multiplexing binding bio-molecular detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Shi
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Sensors, School of Physics, Communication and Electronics, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022 People's Republic of China
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9
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Chen C, Oh SH, Li M. Coupled-mode theory for plasmonic resonators integrated with silicon waveguides towards mid-infrared spectroscopic sensing. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:2020-2036. [PMID: 32121901 DOI: 10.1364/oe.28.002020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Advances in mid-IR lasers, detectors, and nanofabrication technology have enabled new device architectures to implement on-chip sensing applications. In particular, direct integration of plasmonic resonators with a dielectric waveguide can generate an ultra-compact device architecture for biochemical sensing via surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) spectroscopy. A theoretical investigation of such a hybrid architecture is imperative for its optimization. In this work, we investigate the coupling mechanism between a plasmonic resonator array and a waveguide using temporal coupled-mode theory and numerical simulation. The results conclude that the waveguide transmission extinction ratio reaches maxima when the resonator-waveguide coupling rate is maximal. Moreover, after introducing a model analyte in the form of an oscillator coupled with the plasmonics-waveguide system, the transmission curve with analyte absorption can be fitted successfully. We conclude that the extracted sensing signal can be maximized when analyte absorption frequency is the same as the transmission minima, which is different from the plasmonic resonance frequency. This conclusion is in contrast to the dielectric resonator scenario and provides an important guideline for design optimization and sensitivity improvement of future devices.
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Bruno V, Vezzoli S, DeVault C, Roger T, Ferrera M, Boltasseva A, Shalaev VM, Faccio D. Dynamical Control of Broadband Coherent Absorption in ENZ Films. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E110. [PMID: 31968578 PMCID: PMC7020079 DOI: 10.3390/mi11010110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Interferometric effects between two counter-propagating beams incident on an optical system can lead to a coherent modulation of the absorption of the total electromagnetic radiation with 100% efficiency even in deeply subwavelength structures. Coherent perfect absorption (CPA) rises from a resonant solution of the scattering matrix and often requires engineered optical properties. For instance, thin film CPA benefits from complex nanostructures with suitable resonance, albeit at a loss of operational bandwidth. In this work, we theoretically and experimentally demonstrate a broadband CPA based on light-with-light modulation in epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) subwavelength films. We show that unpatterned ENZ films with different thicknesses exhibit broadband CPA with a near-unity maximum value located at the ENZ wavelength. By using Kerr optical nonlinearities, we dynamically tune the visibility and peak wavelength of the total energy modulation. Our results based on homogeneous thick ENZ media open a route towards on-chip devices that require efficient light absorption and dynamical tunability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Bruno
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Stefano Vezzoli
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BW, UK;
| | - Clayton DeVault
- Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute, Purdue University, 1205 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (C.D.); (A.B.); (V.M.S.)
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, 1205 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Thomas Roger
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK; (T.R.); (M.F.)
| | - Marcello Ferrera
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK; (T.R.); (M.F.)
| | - Alexandra Boltasseva
- Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute, Purdue University, 1205 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (C.D.); (A.B.); (V.M.S.)
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, 1205 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Vladimir M. Shalaev
- Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute, Purdue University, 1205 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (C.D.); (A.B.); (V.M.S.)
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, 1205 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Daniele Faccio
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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Tellez-Limon R, Blaize S, Gardillou F, Coello V, Salas-Montiel R. Excitation of surface plasmon polaritons in a gold nanoslab on ion-exchanged waveguide technology. APPLIED OPTICS 2020; 59:572-578. [PMID: 32225343 DOI: 10.1364/ao.381915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Integrated metaphotonic devices has opened new horizons to control light-guiding properties at nanoscale; particularly interesting is the application of plasmonic nanostructures coupled to dielectric waveguides to reduce the inherent light propagation losses in metallic metamaterials. In this contribution, we show the feasibility of using ion-exchanged glass waveguides (IExWg) as a platform for the efficient excitation of surface plasmon polaritons (SPP). These IExWg provide high coupling efficiency and low butt-coupling with conventional dielectric optical waveguides and fibers, overcoming the hard fabrication tunability of commonly used CMOS-guiding platforms. We present a near-field scanning optical microscopy characterization of the propagation characteristics of SPP supported in a gold nanoslab fabricated on top of an IExWg. We found that the SPP can be only be excited with the fundamental TM photonic mode of the waveguide. Thanks to the low propagation loss, low birefringence, and compatibility with optical fibers, glass waveguide technology is a promising platform for the development of integrated plasmonic devices operating at visible and near infrared wavelengths with potential applications in single molecule emission routing or biosensing devices.
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12
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Jafari B, Soofi H. High bandwidth and responsivity mid-infrared graphene photodetector based on a modified metal-dielectric-graphene architecture. APPLIED OPTICS 2019; 58:6280-6287. [PMID: 31503771 DOI: 10.1364/ao.58.006280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a novel graphene-based mid-infrared photoconductive photodetector is designed that is composed of nanophotodetectors in series and parallel forming an array. The whole structure utilizes a single "unpatterned" graphene layer in a modified metal-dielectric-graphene (MDG) architecture that is composed of a conventional MDG structure combined with additional nanoelectrodes for photocurrent guiding and absorption enhancement. Finite difference time domain and finite element methods are utilized to obtain optical and electrostatic characteristics of the photodetector. Specifically, responsivity, quantum efficiency, dark current, bandwidth, noise equivalent power (NEP), and specific detectivity (D*) are extracted by employing realistic graphene as well as graphene-metal characteristics. For an optimized device, maximum absorption efficiency is as much as 70% at a wavelength of λ=6.77 μm; however, the peak absorption wavelength can be effectively tuned between λ=6-7 μm. It is shown that increasing the drain-source voltage enhances the responsivity and bandwidth with a side effect of increasing the dark current. Responsivity of the 2×2 photodetector is RA=0.63 AW-1 for V DS =0.5 V with I Dark =350 μA, NEP=16.91 pW/√Hz, and D*=1.53×105 Jones.
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13
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Tunable Graphene-based Plasmonic Perfect Metamaterial Absorber in the THz Region. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10030194. [PMID: 30889845 PMCID: PMC6471937 DOI: 10.3390/mi10030194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The optical performance of a periodically tunable plasma perfect metamaterial absorber based on a square-square-circle array we propose in the terahertz region is analyzed in this work by the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. We not only discuss the impact of various parameters such as period a, length L, radius R, and incident angle θ under transverse magnetic (TM)- and transverse electric (TE)-polarization on the absorption spectra of the absorber but also study the effect of the Fermi energy EF and relaxation time τ. Finally, we simulate the spectra as the surrounding refractive index n changes to better evaluate the sensing performance of the structure, producing a sensitivity S of the structure of up to 15006 nm/RIU. On account of this research, we find that the absorber is beneficial to sensors and detectors in the terahertz region.
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14
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Pichler K, Kühmayer M, Böhm J, Brandstötter A, Ambichl P, Kuhl U, Rotter S. Random anti-lasing through coherent perfect absorption in a disordered medium. Nature 2019; 567:351-355. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-0971-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Karvounis A, Nalla V, MacDonald KF, Zheludev NI. Ultrafast Coherent Absorption in Diamond Metamaterials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1707354. [PMID: 29484734 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201707354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Diamond is introduced as a material platform for visible/near-infrared photonic metamaterials, with a nanostructured polycrystalline diamond metasurface only 170 nm thick providing an experimental demonstration of coherent light-by-light modulation at few-optical-cycle (6 fs) pulse durations. "Coherent control" of absorption in planar (subwavelength-thickness) materials has emerged recently as a mechanism for high-contrast all-optical gating, with a speed of response that is limited only by the spectral width of the absorption line. It is shown here that a free-standing diamond membrane structured by focused ion beam milling can provide strong, spectrally near-flat absorption over a visible to near-infrared wavelength range that is wide enough (wider than is characteristically achievable in plasmonic metal metasurfaces) to facilitate coherent modulation of ultrashort optical pulses comprising only a few oscillations of electromagnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artemios Karvounis
- Optoelectronics Research Centre and Centre for Photonic Metamaterials, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Venkatram Nalla
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies and The Photonics Institute, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Kevin F MacDonald
- Optoelectronics Research Centre and Centre for Photonic Metamaterials, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Nikolay I Zheludev
- Optoelectronics Research Centre and Centre for Photonic Metamaterials, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies and The Photonics Institute, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
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Chen B, Bruck R, Traviss D, Khokhar AZ, Reynolds S, Thomson DJ, Mashanovich GZ, Reed GT, Muskens OL. Hybrid Photon-Plasmon Coupling and Ultrafast Control of Nanoantennas on a Silicon Photonic Chip. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:610-617. [PMID: 29272140 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b04861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid integration of nanoplasmonic devices with silicon photonic circuits holds promise for a range of applications in on-chip sensing, field-enhanced and nonlinear spectroscopy, and integrated nanophotonic switches. Here, we demonstrate a new regime of photon-plasmon coupling by combining a silicon photonic resonator with plasmonic nanoantennas. Using principles from coherent perfect absorption, we make use of standing-wave light fields to maximize the photon-plasmon interaction strength. Precise placement of the broadband antennas with respect to the narrowband photonic racetrack modes results in controlled hybridization of only a subset of these modes. By combining antennas into groups of radiating dipoles with opposite phase, far-field scattering is effectively suppressed. We achieve ultrafast tuning of photon-plasmon hybridization including reconfigurable routing of the standing-wave input between two output ports. Hybrid photonic-plasmonic resonators provide conceptually new approaches for on-chip integrated nanophotonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bigeng Chen
- Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering, University of Southampton , Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Roman Bruck
- Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering, University of Southampton , Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Daniel Traviss
- Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering, University of Southampton , Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Ali Z Khokhar
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering, University of Southampton , Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Scott Reynolds
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering, University of Southampton , Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - David J Thomson
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering, University of Southampton , Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Goran Z Mashanovich
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering, University of Southampton , Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Graham T Reed
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering, University of Southampton , Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Otto L Muskens
- Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering, University of Southampton , Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
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17
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Meng H, Wang L, Liu G, Xue X, Lin Q, Zhai X. Tunable graphene-based plasmonic multispectral and narrowband perfect metamaterial absorbers at the mid-infrared region. APPLIED OPTICS 2017; 56:6022-6027. [PMID: 29047925 DOI: 10.1364/ao.56.006022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We numerically investigate the optical performance of a periodically patterned H-shaped graphene array by the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) in the mid-infrared region. The simulated results reveal that absorption spectra of the proposed structure consist of two dramatic narrowband perfect absorption peaks located at 6.3 μm (Mode 1) and 8.6 μm (Mode 2) with high absorption coefficients of 99.65% and 99.80%, respectively. Two impressive absorption bandwidths that are the full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the resonant frequency of 90 nm and 188 nm are obtained. The dipole resonance mode is supported by graphene ribbon at a wavelength of 6.3 μm. While the other absorption, attributed to the hybridized mode, is a new resonance that is different from the dipole resonance. The spectral position of the absorption peaks can be dynamically tuned by controlling the refractive index of the dielectric and the Fermi energy of graphene. Furthermore, we can obtain multispectral absorption peaks by applying multilayer graphene arrays. These design approaches enable us to control the number of absorption spectra and such absorbers will benefit the easy-to-fabricate nanophotonic devices for optical filtering, thermal detectors, and electromagnetic wave energy storage.
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18
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McPolin CPT, Olivier N, Bouillard JS, O'Connor D, Krasavin AV, Dickson W, Wurtz GA, Zayats AV. Universal switching of plasmonic signals using optical resonator modes. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2017; 6:e16237. [PMID: 30167256 PMCID: PMC6062243 DOI: 10.1038/lsa.2016.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We propose and investigate, both experimentally and theoretically, a novel mechanism for switching and modulating plasmonic signals based on a Fano interference process, which arises from the coupling between a narrow-band optical Fabry-Pérot cavity and a surface plasmon polariton (SPP) source. The SPP wave emitted from the cavity is actively modulated in the vicinity of the cavity resonances by altering the cavity Q-factor and/or resonant frequencies. We experimentally demonstrate dynamic SPP modulation both by mechanical control of the cavity length and all-optically by harnessing the ultrafast nonlinearity of the Au mirrors that form the cavity. An electro-optical modulation scheme is also proposed and numerically illustrated. Dynamic operation of the switch via mechanical means yields a modulation in the SPP coupling efficiency of ~80%, while the all-optical control provides an ultrafast modulation with an efficiency of 30% at a rate of ~0.6 THz. The experimental observations are supported by both analytical and numerical calculations of the mechanical, all-optical and electro-optical modulation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cillian PT McPolin
- Department of Physics, King’s College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Nicolas Olivier
- Department of Physics, King’s College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK
- Present address: University of Sheffield, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield S3 7RH, UK
| | - Jean-Sebastien Bouillard
- Department of Physics, King’s College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK
- Present address: University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Daniel O'Connor
- Department of Physics, King’s College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK
- Present address: National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK
| | - Alexey V Krasavin
- Department of Physics, King’s College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Wayne Dickson
- Department of Physics, King’s College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Gregory A Wurtz
- Department of Physics, King’s College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK
- Present address: University of North Florida, 1 UNF Drive, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Anatoly V Zayats
- Department of Physics, King’s College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK
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19
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Fan Y, Le Roux X, Korovin A, Lupu A, de Lustrac A. Integrated 2D-Graded Index Plasmonic Lens on a Silicon Waveguide for Operation in the Near Infrared Domain. ACS NANO 2017; 11:4599-4605. [PMID: 28463497 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this article we address the nanoscale engineering of the effective index of silicon on insulator waveguides by using plasmonic metasurface resonances to realize a graded index lens. We report the design, implementation, and experimental demonstration of this plasmonic metasurface-based graded index lens integrated on a silicon waveguide for operation in the near-infrared domain. The 2D-graded index lens consists of an array of gold cut wires fabricated on the top of a silicon waveguide. These gold cut wires modify locally the effective index of the silicon waveguide and allow the realization of this gradient lens. The reported solution represents a promising alternative to the bulky or multilayered metamaterials approach in the near IR domain. This enabling technology may have found its place in silicon photonic applications by exploiting the plasmonic resonances to control the light at nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Fan
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , C2N, 91405 Orsay, Cedex, France
| | - Xavier Le Roux
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , C2N, 91405 Orsay, Cedex, France
| | - Alexander Korovin
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , C2N, 91405 Orsay, Cedex, France
| | - Anatole Lupu
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , C2N, 91405 Orsay, Cedex, France
| | - Andre de Lustrac
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , C2N, 91405 Orsay, Cedex, France
- Université Paris Nanterre , 92410 Ville d'Avray, France
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20
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Lee K, Kim J, Yun H, Lee GY, Lee B. Interferometric control of plasmonic resonator based on polarization-sensitive excitation of surface plasmon polaritons. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:21861-21868. [PMID: 27661921 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.021861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A plasmonic resonator is proposed whose electromagnetic energy density can be tuned by the polarization state of the incident light. Counter-propagating surface plasmon polaritons, which are excited by polarization-sensitive subwavelength apertures, give tunability. Stored energy density in the resonator varies from the minimum to the maximum when the orientation angle of the incoming electric field rotates by 90 degrees. After optimizing a rectangular cavity and periodic gratings, the on/off ratio is calculated as 430 and measured as 1.55. Based on our scheme, interferometric control is executed simply by rotation of a polarizer. The proposed plasmonic resonator can be utilized in all-optically controlled active plasmonic devices, coherent network elements, particle trapping systems, and polarimeters.
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21
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Ye Y, Hay D, Shi Z. Coherent perfect absorption in chiral metamaterials. OPTICS LETTERS 2016; 41:3359-3362. [PMID: 27420535 DOI: 10.1364/ol.41.003359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We study the coherent perfect absorption (CPA) of a chiral structure and derive analytically the CPA condition for transversely isotropic chiral structures in circular polarization bases. The coherent absorption of such a chiral system is generally polarization dependent and can be tuned by the relative phase between the coherent input beams. To demonstrate our theoretical predictions, a chiral metamaterial absorber operating in the terahertz frequency range is optimized. We numerically demonstrate that a coherent absorption of 99.5% can be achieved. Moreover, we show that an optimized CPA chiral structure can be used as an interferometric control of polarization state of the output beams with constant output intensity.
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22
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Tellez-Limon R, Bahari B, Hsu L, Park JH, Kodigala A, Kanté B. Integrated metaphotonics: symmetries and confined excitation of LSP resonances in a single metallic nanoparticle. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:13875-13880. [PMID: 27410550 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.013875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Using numerical simulations, we demonstrate that the dipolar plasmonic resonance of a single metallic nanoparticle inserted in the core of a dielectric waveguide can be excited with higher order photonic modes of the waveguide only if their symmetry is compatible with the charge distribution of the plasmonic mode. For the case of a symmetric waveguide, we demonstrate that this condition is only achieved if the particle is shifted from the center of the core. The simple and comprehensive analysis presented in this contribution will serve as basis for applications in integrated nanophotonic/metamaterials devices, such as optical filters, modulators and mode converters.
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23
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Rothenberg JM, Chen CP, Ackert JJ, Dadap JI, Knights AP, Bergman K, Osgood RM, Grote RR. Experimental demonstration of coherent perfect absorption in a silicon photonic racetrack resonator. OPTICS LETTERS 2016; 41:2537-40. [PMID: 27244408 DOI: 10.1364/ol.41.002537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We present the first experimental demonstration of coherent perfect absorption (CPA) in an integrated device using a silicon racetrack resonator at telecommunication wavelengths. Absorption in the racetrack is achieved by Si+-ion-implantation, allowing for phase controllable amplitude modulation at the resonant wavelength. The device is measured to have an extinction of 24.5 dB and a quality-factor exceeding 3000. Our results will enable integrated CPA devices for data modulation and detection.
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24
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Asano M, Bechu M, Tame M, Kaya Özdemir Ş, Ikuta R, Güney DÖ, Yamamoto T, Yang L, Wegener M, Imoto N. Distillation of photon entanglement using a plasmonic metamaterial. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18313. [PMID: 26670790 PMCID: PMC4680945 DOI: 10.1038/srep18313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmonics is a rapidly emerging platform for quantum state engineering with the potential for building ultra-compact and hybrid optoelectronic devices. Recent experiments have shown that despite the presence of decoherence and loss, photon statistics and entanglement can be preserved in single plasmonic systems. This preserving ability should carry over to plasmonic metamaterials, whose properties are the result of many individual plasmonic systems acting collectively, and can be used to engineer optical states of light. Here, we report an experimental demonstration of quantum state filtering, also known as entanglement distillation, using a metamaterial. We show that the metamaterial can be used to distill highly entangled states from less entangled states. As the metamaterial can be integrated with other optical components this work opens up the intriguing possibility of incorporating plasmonic metamaterials in on-chip quantum state engineering tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoki Asano
- Department of Material Engineering Science, Graduate School of
Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka
560-8531, Japan
| | - Muriel Bechu
- Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
(KIT), 76128
Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
(KIT), 76128
Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Mark Tame
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal,
Durban
4001, South Africa
- National Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of
KwaZulu-Natal, Durban
4001, South Africa
| | - Şahin Kaya Özdemir
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington
University, St. Louis, MO 63130,
USA
| | - Rikizo Ikuta
- Department of Material Engineering Science, Graduate School of
Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka
560-8531, Japan
| | - Durdu Ö. Güney
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan
Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931,
USA
| | - Takashi Yamamoto
- Department of Material Engineering Science, Graduate School of
Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka
560-8531, Japan
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington
University, St. Louis, MO 63130,
USA
| | - Martin Wegener
- Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
(KIT), 76128
Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
(KIT), 76128
Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Nobuyuki Imoto
- Department of Material Engineering Science, Graduate School of
Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka
560-8531, Japan
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25
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Castro-Lopez M, de Sousa N, Garcia-Martin A, Gardes FY, Sapienza R. Scattering of a plasmonic nanoantenna embedded in a silicon waveguide. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:28108-28118. [PMID: 26561082 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.028108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic antennas integrated on silicon devices have large and yet unexplored potential for controlling and routing light signals. Here, we present theoretical calculations of a hybrid silicon-metallic system in which a single gold nanoantenna embedded in a single-mode silicon waveguide acts as a resonance-driven filter. As a consequence of scattering and interference, when the resonance condition of the antenna is met, the transmission drops by 85% in the resonant frequency band. Firstly, we study analytically the interaction between the propagating mode and the antenna by including radiative corrections to the scattering process and the polarization of the waveguide walls. Secondly, we find the configuration of maximum interaction and numerically simulate a realistic nanoantenna in a silicon waveguide. The numerical calculations show a large suppression of transmission and three times more scattering than absorption, consequent with the analytical model. The system we propose can be easily fabricated by standard silicon and plasmonic lithographic methods, making it promising as real component in future optoelectronic circuits.
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26
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Park H, Lee SY, Kim J, Lee B, Kim H. Near-infrared coherent perfect absorption in plasmonic metal-insulator-metal waveguide. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:24464-24474. [PMID: 26406651 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.024464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We propose a design of ultra-compact plasmonic coherent perfect absorber (CPA) working in the near-infrared band. The main operating mechanism is the magnetic-dipole resonant coherent absorption in the metal-insulator-metal waveguide, which enables the CPA in the near-infrared band and can be also flexibly adjusted to place the magnetic-dipole resonance at any position in the near-infrared band. Numerical analysis verifies our proposal that the magnetic resonant CPA is crucial for near-IR CPA in the ultra-compact metal-insulator-metal waveguide.
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27
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Jung MJ, Han C, Yoon JW, Song SH. Temperature and gain tuning of plasmonic coherent perfect absorbers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:19837-19845. [PMID: 26367643 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.019837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate temperature-tuned and gain-assisted surface-plasmonic coherent perfect absorbers. In these devices, coherent perfect absorption (CPA) is supported by balancing the absorber's radiative and non-radiative decay rates under thermal tuning of free-electron collision frequency in the Ag layer and optical tuning of the amplification rate in the adjacent dielectric film with optical gain, respectively. The results show that these methods are experimentally feasible and applicable to various CPA configurations.
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28
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Arango FB, Thijssen R, Brenny B, Coenen T, Koenderink AF. Robustness of plasmon phased array nanoantennas to disorder. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10911. [PMID: 26038871 PMCID: PMC4454187 DOI: 10.1038/srep10911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We present cathodoluminescence experiments that quantify the response of plasmonic Yagi-Uda antennas fabricated on one-dimensional silicon nitride waveguides as function of electron beam excitation position and emission wavelength. At the near-infrared antenna design wavelength cathodoluminescence signal robustly is strongest when exciting the antenna at the reflector element. Yet at just slightly shorter wavelengths the signal is highly variable from antenna to antenna and wavelength to wavelength. Hypothesizing that fabrication randomness is at play, we analyze the resilience of plasmon Yagi-Uda antennas to variations in element size of just 5 nm. While in our calculations the appearance of directivity is robust, both the obtained highest directivity and the wavelength at which it occurs vary markedly between realizations. The calculated local density of states is invariably high at the reflector for the design wavelength, but varies dramatically in spatial distribution for shorter wavelengths, consistent with the cathodoluminescence experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Bernal Arango
- Center for Nanophotonics, FOM Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, NL-1098XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rutger Thijssen
- Center for Nanophotonics, FOM Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, NL-1098XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin Brenny
- Center for Nanophotonics, FOM Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, NL-1098XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Toon Coenen
- Center for Nanophotonics, FOM Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, NL-1098XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Femius Koenderink
- Center for Nanophotonics, FOM Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, NL-1098XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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29
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Yoon JW, Jung MJ, Song SH. Gain-assisted critical coupling for high-performance coherent perfect absorbers. OPTICS LETTERS 2015; 40:2309-2312. [PMID: 26393726 DOI: 10.1364/ol.40.002309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Balanced radiation and absorption rates of an optical resonator are necessary for coherent perfect light absorption in many active device applications. This balance is referred to as critical coupling condition. We propose a gain-assisted method for exact access to critical coupling conditions without altering any structure parameters. In a coherent absorber with additional internal gain media, critical coupling with arbitrarily high coherent signal extinction can be obtained by continuously tuning optical pumping density. Assuming a surface-plasmon resonance grating covered by a gain layer as a promising architecture, we numerically demonstrate gain-assisted continuous access to its critical coupling point with experimentally probable settings. In addition, the gain tuning further introduces switching of the coherent-absorber's functionality to a conventional lossless beam splitter.
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30
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Wang X, Morea R, Gonzalo J, Palpant B. Coupling localized plasmonic and photonic modes tailors and boosts ultrafast light modulation by gold nanoparticles. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:2633-2639. [PMID: 25798896 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic nanoparticles offer a broad range of functionalities, owing to their ability to amplify light in the near-field or convert it into heat. However, their ultrafast nonlinear optical response remains too low to envisage all-optical high-rate photonic processing applications. Here, we tackle this challenge by coupling the localized plasmon mode in gold nanoparticles with a localized photonic mode in a 1D resonant cavity. Despite the nonradiative losses, we demonstrate that a strong, reversible, and ultrafast optical modulation can be achieved. By using a light pumping fluence of less than 1 mJ cm(-2), a change of signal transmittance of more than 100% is generated within a few picosecond time scale. The nanoparticle transient optical response is enhanced by a factor of 30 to 40 while its spectral profile is strongly sharpened. The large nonlinear response of such plasmonic cavities could open new opportunities for ultrafast light processing at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wang
- †Laboratoire de Photonique Quantique et Moléculaire, UMR 8537-CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan, CentraleSupélec, Grande Voie des Vignes, 92295 Châtenay-Malabry CEDEX, France
- §Laboratory of Nanomaterials, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beiyitiao No. 11, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Roberta Morea
- ‡Laser Processing Group, Instituto de Óptica, CSIC, Serrano 121, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Gonzalo
- ‡Laser Processing Group, Instituto de Óptica, CSIC, Serrano 121, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Bruno Palpant
- †Laboratoire de Photonique Quantique et Moléculaire, UMR 8537-CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan, CentraleSupélec, Grande Voie des Vignes, 92295 Châtenay-Malabry CEDEX, France
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31
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Baldacci L, Zanotto S, Biasiol G, Sorba L, Tredicucci A. Interferometric control of absorption in thin plasmonic metamaterials: general two port theory and broadband operation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:9202-9210. [PMID: 25968754 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.009202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In order to extend the Coherent Perfect Absorption (CPA) phenomenology to broadband operation, the interferometric control of absorption is investigated in two-port systems without port permutation symmetry. Starting from the two-port theory of CPA treated within the Scattering Matrix formalism, we demonstrate that for all linear two-port systems with reciprocity the absorption is represented by an ellipse as function of the relative phase and intensity of the two input beams, and it is uniquely determined by the device single-beam reflectance and transmittance, and by the dephasing of the output beams. The basic properties of the phenomenon in systems without port permutation symmetry show that CPA conditions can still be found in such asymmetric devices, while the asymmetry can be beneficial for broadband operation. As experimental proof, we performed transmission measurements on a metal-semiconductor metamaterial, employing a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The experimental results clearly evidence the elliptical feature of absorption and trace a route towards broadband operation.
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32
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Rao SM, Heitz JJF, Roger T, Westerberg N, Faccio D. Coherent control of light interaction with graphene. OPTICS LETTERS 2014; 39:5345-5347. [PMID: 26466267 DOI: 10.1364/ol.39.005345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report the experimental observation of all-optical modulation of light in a graphene film. The graphene film is scanned across a standing wave formed by two counter-propagating laser beams in a Sagnac interferometer. Through a coherent absorption process the on-axis transmission is modulated with close to 80% efficiency. Furthermore, we observe modulation of the scattered energy by mapping the off-axis scattered optical signal: scattering is minimized at a node of the standing wave pattern and maximized at an antinode. The results highlight the possibility to switch and modulate any given optical interaction with deeply sub-wavelength films.
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33
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Zhang J, Guo C, Liu K, Zhu Z, Ye W, Yuan X, Qin S. Coherent perfect absorption and transparency in a nanostructured graphene film. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:12524-12532. [PMID: 24921370 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.012524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We show numerically that both coherent perfect absorption and transparency can be realized in a monolayer graphene. The graphene film, doped and patterned with a periodical array of holes, can support plasmonic resonances in the Mid-infrared range. Under the illumination of two counter-propagating coherent optical beams, resonant optical absorption may be tuned continuously from 99.93% to less than 0.01% by controlling their relative phase which gives a modulation contrast of 40 dB (about 30 dB for transmission). The phenomenon provides a versatile platform for manipulating the interaction between light and graphene and may serve applications in optical modulators, transducers, sensors and coherent detectors.
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