1
|
Abstract
Silver and gold are the most commonly used materials in optics and plasmonics. Silver has the lowest optical losses in the visible and near-infrared wavelength range, but it faces a serious problem—degradation over time. It has been repeatedly reported that the optical properties of silver thin films rapidly degrade when exposed to the atmosphere. This phenomenon was described by various mechanisms: rapid silver oxidation, sorption of sulfur or oxygen, formation of silver compounds with chlorine, sulfur, and oxygen. In this work, we systematically studied single-crystalline silver films from 25 to 70 nm thicknesses for almost two years. The surface morphology, crystalline structure and optical characteristics of the silver films were measured using spectroscopic ellipsometry, ultra-high-resolution scanning electron microscopy, and stylus profilometry under standard laboratory conditions. After 19 months, bulk structures appeared on the surface of thin films. These structures are associated with relaxation of internal stresses combined with dewetting. Single-crystalline silver films deposited using the single-crystalline continuous ultra-smooth, low-loss, low-cost (SCULL) technology with a thickness of 35–50 nm demonstrated the best stability in terms of degradation. We have shown that the number of defects (grain boundaries and joints of terraces) is one of the key factors that influence the degradation intensity of silver films.
Collapse
|
2
|
Gezgin SY, Kepceoğlu A, Gündoğdu Y, Zongo S, Zawadzka A, Kiliç HŞ, Sahraoui B. Effect of Ar Gas Pressure on LSPR Property of Au Nanoparticles: Comparison of Experimental and Theoretical Studies. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10061071. [PMID: 32486386 PMCID: PMC7352769 DOI: 10.3390/nano10061071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the thin films were produced by using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique from gold (Au) nanoparticles deposited on two kinds of substrates under different argon (Ar) gas pressure. Microscope glass slides and silicon (100) wafers were used as amorphous and crystal substrates. The films were deposited under 2 × 10−3 mbar, 1 × 10−2 mbar, 2 × 10−2 mbar argon (Ar) ambient gas pressure. Effect of the background gas pressure on the plasma plume of the ablated Au nanoparticles was investigated in details. Morphology of Au nanoparticle thin films was investigated by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM) technique. Absorption spectra of Au nanoparticles were examined by using UV-Vis spectrometry. Extinction spectra of Au nanoparticles were calculated by using metallic nano particles boundary element method (MNPBEM) simulation programme. Both experimental spectra and simulation data for Au nanoparticles were obtained and compared in this work. It was concluded that they are also in good agreement with literature data. The measurements and the simulation results showed that localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) peaks for Au nanoparticles were located in the near infrared region (NIR) because of the larger size of the disk-like shape of Au nanoparticles, and the near-field coupling between Au nanoparticles. It was demonstrated that as the ambient gas (Ar) pressure was increased, the size and the density of Au nanoparticles on the substrate were decreased and the LSPR peak shifts toward the short wavelength region in the spectrum. This shift has been explained by the changes in the morphology of produced thin films.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serap Yiğit Gezgin
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Selcuk, Selcuklu 42031, Konya, Turkey; (S.Y.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Abdullah Kepceoğlu
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Selcuk, Selcuklu 42031, Konya, Turkey; (S.Y.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Yasemin Gündoğdu
- Department of Electric and Energy, Kadınhanı Faik İçil Vocational High School, University of Selçuk, Selçuklu 42031, Konya, Turkey;
| | - Sidiki Zongo
- Department of Physics, LPCE, Joseph KI-ZERBO University, 03 P.O. Box 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso;
| | - Anna Zawadzka
- Department of Applied Physics, Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Torun, Poland;
| | - Hamdi Şükür Kiliç
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Selcuk, Selcuklu 42031, Konya, Turkey; (S.Y.G.); (A.K.)
- Directorate of High Technology Research and Application Center, University of Selcuk, Selcuklu 2031, Konya, Turkey
- Correspondence: (H.Ş.K.); (B.S.)
| | - Bouchta Sahraoui
- University of Angers, MOLTECH Anjou, CNRS UMR 6200, 2 Bd Lavoisier, F-49045 Angers, France
- Correspondence: (H.Ş.K.); (B.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
|
4
|
Prakash G, Srivastava RK, Gupta SN, Sood AK. Plasmon-induced efficient hot carrier generation in graphene on gold ultrathin film with periodic array of holes: Ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:234712. [PMID: 31864269 DOI: 10.1063/1.5117882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Using ultrafast pump-probe reflectivity with a 3.1 eV pump and coherent white light probe (1.1-2.6 eV), we show that graphene on gold nanostructures exhibits a strong coupling to the plasmonic resonances of the ordered lattice hole array, thus injecting a high density of hot carriers in graphene through plasmons. The system being studied is single-layer graphene on an ultrathin film of gold with periodic arrangements of holes showing anomalous transmission. A comparison is made with gold film with and without hole array. By selectively probing transient carrier dynamics in the spectral regions corresponding to plasmonic resonances, we show efficient plasmon induced hot carrier generation in graphene. We also show that due to high electromagnetic field intensities at the edge of the submicron holes, fast decay time (10-100 fs), and short decay length (1 nm) of plasmons, a highly confined density of hot carriers (very close to the edge of the holes) is generated by Landau damping of plasmons within the holey gold film. A contribution to transient decay dynamics due to the diffusion of the initial nonuniform distribution of hot carriers away from the hole edges is observed. Our results are important for future applications of novel hot carrier device concepts where hot carriers with tunable energy can be generated in different graphene regions connected seamlessly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gyan Prakash
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | | | | | - A K Sood
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kwon OH, Jang JW, Park SJ, Kim JS, Hong SJ, Jung YS, Yang H, Kim YJ, Cho YS. Plasmonic-Enhanced Luminescence Characteristics of Microscale Phosphor Layers on a ZnO Nanorod-Arrayed Glass Substrate. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:1004-1012. [PMID: 30511826 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b13767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present a planar luminescent layer for glare-free, long-lifespan white light-emitting diodes (LEDs), with attractive light outputs. The novel and facile remote phosphor approach proposed in this work enhances luminescence properties by combining a waveguiding ZnO-based nanostructure with plasmonic Au nanoparticles. The system comprised a microscale yellow phosphor layer that is applied by simple printing onto an Au nanoparticle-dispersed ZnO nanorod array. This architecture resulted in a considerable enhancement in luminous efficacy of approximately 18% because of the combination of waveguide effects from the nanorod structure and plasmonic effects from the Au nanoparticles. Performance was optimized according to the length of the Zn nanorods and the concentration of Au. An optimal efficiency of ∼84.26 lm/W for a silicate phosphor-converted LED was achieved using long ZnO nanorods and an Au concentration of 12.5 ppm. The finite-difference time-domain method was successfully used to verify the luminous efficacy improvements in the Au nanoparticle-intervened nanostructures via the waveguiding and plasmonic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jun Sik Kim
- R&D Center , LG Display Co., Ltd , Paju-si , Gyeonggi-do 10843 , Korea
| | | | | | - Heesun Yang
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering , Hongik University , Seoul 04006 , Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kim C, Baek S, Ryu Y, Kim Y, Shin D, Lee CW, Park W, Urbas AM, Kang G, Kim K. Large-scale nanoporous metal-coated silica aerogels for high SERS effect improvement. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15144. [PMID: 30310142 PMCID: PMC6181977 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33539-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate the optical properties and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) characteristics of metal-coated silica aerogels. Silica aerogels were fabricated by easily scalable sol-gel and supercritical drying processes. Metallic nanogaps were formed on the top surface of the nanoporous silica network by controlling the thickness of the metal layer. The optimized metallic nanogap structure enabled strong confinement of light inside the gaps, which is a suitable property for SERS effect. We experimentally evaluated the SERS enhancement factor with the use of benzenethiol as a probe molecule. The enhancement factor reached 7.9 × 107 when molecules were adsorbed on the surface of the 30 nm silver-coated aerogel. We also theoretically investigated the electric field distribution dependence on the structural geometry and substrate indices. On the basis of FDTD simulations, we concluded that the electric field was highly amplified in the vicinity of the target analyte owing to a combination of the aerogel's ultralow refractive index and the high-density metallic nanogaps. The aerogel substrate with metallic nanogaps shows great potential for use as an inexpensive, highly sensitive SERS platform to detect environmental and biological target molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changwook Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghwa Baek
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunha Ryu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonhong Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongheok Shin
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Won Lee
- School of Basic Sciences, Hanbat National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Wounjhang Park
- Department of Electrical, Computer & Energy Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Augustine M Urbas
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, 45433, USA
| | - Gumin Kang
- Nanophotonics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyoungsik Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-749, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ron R, Haleva E, Salomon A. Nanoporous Metallic Networks: Fabrication, Optical Properties, and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1706755. [PMID: 29774611 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201706755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Nanoporous metallic networks are a group of porous materials made of solid metals with suboptical wavelength sizes of both particles and voids. They are characterized by unique optical properties, as well as high surface area and permeability of guest materials. As such, they attract a great focus as novel materials for photonics, catalysis, sensing, and renewable energy. Their properties together with the ability for scaling-up evoke an increased interest also in the industrial field. Here, fabrication techniques of large-scale metallic networks are discussed, and their interesting optical properties as well as their applications are considered. In particular, the focus is on disordered systems, which may facilitate the fabrication technique, yet, endow the three-dimensional (3D) network with distinct optical properties. These metallic networks bridge the nanoworld into the macroscopic world, and therefore pave the way to the fabrication of innovative materials with unique optoelectronic properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Racheli Ron
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Emir Haleva
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Adi Salomon
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Choi M, Kang G, Shin D, Barange N, Lee CW, Ko DH, Kim K. Lithography-Free Broadband Ultrathin-Film Absorbers with Gap-Plasmon Resonance for Organic Photovoltaics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:12997-13008. [PMID: 27160410 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b02340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Strategies to confine electromagnetic field within ultrathin film emerge as essential technologies for applications from thin-film solar cells to imaging and sensing devices. We demonstrate a lithography-free, low-cost, large-scale method to realize broadband ultrathi-film metal-dielectric-metal (MDM) absorbers, by exploiting gap-plasmon resonances for strongly confined electromagnetic field. A two-steps method, first organizing Au nanoparticles via thermal dewetting and then transferring the nanoparticles to a spacer-reflector substrate, is used to achieve broader absorption bandwidth by manipulating geometric shapes of the top metallic layer into hemiellipsoids. A fast-deposited nominal Au film, instead of a conventional slow one, is employed in the Ostwald ripening process to attain hemiellipsoidal nanoparticles. A polymer supported transferring step allows a wider range of dewetting temperature to manipulate the nanoparticles' shape. By incorporating circularity with ImageJ software, the geometries of hemiellipsoidal nanoparticles are quantitatively characterized. Controlling the top geometry of MDM structure from hemisphere to hemiellipsoid increases the average absorption at 500-900 nm from 23.1% to 43.5% in the ultrathin film and full width at half-maximum of 132-324 nm, which is consistently explained by finite-difference time-domain simulation. The structural advantages of our scheme are easily applicable to thin-film photovoltaic devices because metal electrodes can act as metal reflectors and semiconductor layers as dielectric spacers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minjung Choi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Gumin Kang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongheok Shin
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Nilesh Barange
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Hwarangno 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Won Lee
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology , Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo-Hyun Ko
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University , Yongin, Gyeonggi 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungsik Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Garg V, Sengar BS, Awasthi V, Aaryashree A, Sharma P, Mukherjee C, Kumar S, Mukherjee S. Localized surface plasmon resonance on Au nanoparticles: tuning and exploitation for performance enhancement in ultrathin photovoltaics. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra25575a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a detailed correlation analysis of the size, shape, and distribution of Au nanoparticles (NPs) on fine-tuning of localized surface plasmon resonance and optical absorption cross-section.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Garg
- Hybrid Nanodevice Research Group (HNRG)
- Electrical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Indore 452020
- India
| | - Brajendra S. Sengar
- Hybrid Nanodevice Research Group (HNRG)
- Electrical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Indore 452020
- India
| | - Vishnu Awasthi
- Hybrid Nanodevice Research Group (HNRG)
- Electrical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Indore 452020
- India
| | - Aaryashree Aaryashree
- Hybrid Nanodevice Research Group (HNRG)
- Electrical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Indore 452020
- India
| | - Pankaj Sharma
- Hybrid Nanodevice Research Group (HNRG)
- Electrical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Indore 452020
- India
| | - C. Mukherjee
- Mechanical and Optical Support Section
- Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology (RRCAT)
- Indore-452013
- India
| | - Shailendra Kumar
- Indus Synchrotron Utilization Division
- Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology (RRCAT)
- Indore-452013
- India
| | - Shaibal Mukherjee
- Hybrid Nanodevice Research Group (HNRG)
- Electrical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Indore 452020
- India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Panagiotopoulos NT, Kalfagiannis N, Vasilopoulos KC, Pliatsikas N, Kassavetis S, Vourlias G, Karakassides MA, Patsalas P. Self-assembled plasmonic templates produced by microwave annealing: applications to surface-enhanced Raman scattering. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 26:205603. [PMID: 25918264 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/20/205603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Perhaps the simplest method for creating metal nanoparticles on a substrate is by driving their self-assembly with the thermal annealing of a thin metal film. By properly tuning the annealing parameters one hopes to discover a recipe that allows the pre-determined design of the NP arrangement. However, thermal treatment is known for detrimental effects and is not really the manufacturer's route of choice when it comes to large-scale applications. An alternative method is the use of microwave annealing, a method that has never been applied for metal processing, due to the high reflectance of microwave radiation at the surface of a metal. However, in this work we challenge the widely used nanostructuring methods by proving the microwave's annealing ability to produce plasmonic templates, out of extremely thin metal films, by simply using a domestic microwave oven apparatus. We show that this process is generic and independent of the deposition method used for the metal and we further quantify the suitability of these plasmonic templates for use in surface-enhanced Raman scattering applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N T Panagiotopoulos
- University of Ioannina, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhou W, Mandia DJ, Barry ST, Albert J. Anisotropic effective permittivity of an ultrathin gold coating on optical fiber in air, water and saline solutions. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:31665-31676. [PMID: 25607137 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.031665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The optical properties of an ultrathin discontinuous gold film in different dielectric surroundings are investigated experimentally by measuring the polarization-dependent wavelength shifts and amplitudes of the cladding mode resonances of a tilted fiber Bragg grating. The gold film was prepared by electron-beam evaporation and had an average thickness of 5.5 nm ( ± 1 nm). Scanning electron imaging was used to determine that the film is actually formed of individual particles with average lateral dimensions of 28 nm ( ± 8 nm). The complex refractive indices of the equivalent uniform film in air at a wavelength of 1570 nm were calculated from the measurements to be 4.84-i0.74 and 3.97-i0.85 for TM and TE polarizations respectively (compared to the value for bulk gold: 0.54-i10.9). Additionally, changes in the birefringence and dichroism of the films were measured as a function of the surrounding medium, in air, water and a saturated NaCl (salt) solution. These results show that the film has stronger dielectric behavior for TM light than for TE, a trend that increases with increasing surrounding index. Finally, the experimental results are compared to predictions from two widely used effective medium approximations, the generalized Maxwell-Garnett and Bruggeman theories for gold particles in a surrounding matrix. It is found that both of these methods fail to predict the observed behavior for the film considered.
Collapse
|