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Velsink MC, Illienko M, Sudera P, Witte S. Optimizing pump-probe reflectivity measurements of ultrafast photoacoustics with modulated asynchronous optical sampling. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2023; 94:103002. [PMID: 37787626 DOI: 10.1063/5.0155006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved optical pump-probe experiments enable the study of complex light-matter interactions on ultrafast timescales, provided that they reach sufficient sensitivity. For instance, with pump-induced ultrafast photoacoustics, probing the typically small changes in optical properties requires a high signal-to-noise ratio. Asynchronous optical sampling (ASOPS), using two separate pulsed lasers at slightly different repetition rates, can be effective at removing noise by averaging many rapidly acquired traces. However, the pump-probe delay scan with ASOPS is always as long as the pump pulse interval, which is inefficient if the delay-time range of interest is shorter. Here, we demonstrate two modified ASOPS schemes that optimize measurement efficiency by only scanning the range of interest. The modification based on frequency modulated ASOPS (MASOPS) is most efficient, especially in the presence of low-frequency flicker noise. We provide a proof-of-concept measurement of ultrafast photoacoustics in which we use MASOPS to scan a time delay of 1/20 of the pump pulse interval. The resulting noise floor is 20 times lower compared to conventional ASOPS, allowing for 20 times faster measurements. Furthermore, we show that by taking experimental noise characteristics into account, more traditional pump-probe methods can also be optimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Velsink
- Advanced Research Center for Nanolithography (ARCNL), Science Park 106, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Illienko
- Advanced Research Center for Nanolithography (ARCNL), Science Park 106, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P Sudera
- Advanced Research Center for Nanolithography (ARCNL), Science Park 106, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Witte
- Advanced Research Center for Nanolithography (ARCNL), Science Park 106, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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2
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Nishikawa D, Maezawa K, Fujii S, Okano M, Watanabe S. A two-color dual-comb system for time-resolved measurements of ultrafast magnetization dynamics using triggerless asynchronous optical sampling. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2023; 94:063003. [PMID: 37862511 DOI: 10.1063/5.0147899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
We report on an Er-doped fiber (EDF)-laser-based dual-comb system that allows us to perform triggerless asynchronous optical sampling pump-probe measurements of ultrafast demagnetization and spin precession in magnetic materials. Because the oscillation frequencies of the two frequency-comb light sources are highly stabilized, the pulse-to-pulse timing jitter is sufficiently suppressed, and data accumulation without any trigger signals is possible. To effectively induce spin precession in ferromagnetic thin films, the spectral bandwidth of the output of one of the EDF frequency comb sources is broadened by a highly nonlinear fiber and then amplified at a wavelength of about 1030 nm by a Yb-doped fiber amplifier. The output of the other frequency comb source is converted to about 775 nm by second harmonic generation. We used this system to observe ultrafast demagnetization and spin precession dynamics on the picosecond and nanosecond time scales in a permalloy thin film. This time-domain spectroscopy system is promising for the rapid characterization of spin-wave generation and propagation dynamics in magnetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Nishikawa
- Depertment of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - K Maezawa
- Depertment of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - S Fujii
- Depertment of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - M Okano
- National Defense Academy, 1-10-20 Hashirimizu, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 239-8686, Japan
| | - S Watanabe
- Depertment of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
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3
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Audoin B. Principles and advances in ultrafast photoacoustics; applications to imaging cell mechanics and to probing cell nanostructure. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2023; 31:100496. [PMID: 37159813 PMCID: PMC10163675 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2023.100496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In this article we first present the foundations of ultrafast photoacoustics, a technique where the acoustic wavelength in play can be considerably shorter than the optical wavelength. The physics primarily involved in the conversion of short light pulses into high frequency sound is described. The mechanical disturbances following the relaxation of hot electrons in metals and other processes leading to the breaking of the mechanical balance are presented, and the generation of bulk shear-waves, of surface and interface waves and of guided waves is discussed. Then, efforts to overcome the limitations imposed by optical diffraction are described. Next, the principles behind the detection of the so generated coherent acoustic phonons with short light pulses are introduced for both opaque and transparent materials. The striking instrumental advances, in the detection of acoustic displacements, ultrafast acquisition, frequency and space resolution are discussed. Then secondly, we introduce picosecond opto-acoustics as a remote and label-free novel modality with an excellent capacity for quantitative evaluation and imaging of the cell's mechanical properties, currently with micron in-plane and sub-optical in depth resolution. We present the methods for time domain Brillouin spectroscopy in cells and for cell ultrasonography. The current applications of this unconventional means of addressing biological questions are presented. This microscopy of the nanoscale intra-cell mechanics, based on the optical monitoring of coherent phonons, is currently emerging as a breakthrough method offering new insights into the supra-molecular structural changes that accompany cell response to a myriad of biological events.
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4
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Pupeikis J, Hu W, Willenberg B, Mehendale M, Antonelli G, Phillips C, Keller U. Efficient pump-probe sampling with a single-cavity dual-comb laser: Application in ultrafast photoacoustics. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2023; 29:100439. [PMID: 36570472 PMCID: PMC9772547 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2022.100439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast pump-probe measurements are used to characterize various samples, such as biological cells, bulk, and thin-film structures. However, typical implementations of the pump-probe apparatus are either slow or complex and costly hindering wide deployment. Here we combine a single-cavity dual-comb laser with a simple experimental setup to obtain pump-probe measurements with ultra-high sensitivity, fast acquisition, and high timing precision over long optical delay scan ranges of 12.5 ns that would correspond to a mechanical delay of about 3.75 m. We employ digital signal balancing to obtain shot-noise-limited detection compatible with pump-probe microscopy deployment. Here we demonstrate ultrafast photoacoustics for thin-film sample characterization. We measured a tungsten layer thickness of (700 ± 4) Å with shot-noise-limited detection. Such single-cavity dual-comb lasers can be used for any pump-probe measurements and are especially well-suited for ultrafast photoacoustic studies such as involving ultrasonic echoes, Brillouin oscillations, surface acoustic waves and thermal dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Pupeikis
- ETH Zurich, Auguste-Piccard-Hof 1, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - W. Hu
- ETH Zurich, Auguste-Piccard-Hof 1, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - B. Willenberg
- ETH Zurich, Auguste-Piccard-Hof 1, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - M. Mehendale
- Onto Innovation Inc., 16 Jonspin Road, Wilmington, MA 01887, USA
| | - G.A. Antonelli
- Onto Innovation Inc., 16 Jonspin Road, Wilmington, MA 01887, USA
| | - C.R. Phillips
- ETH Zurich, Auguste-Piccard-Hof 1, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - U. Keller
- ETH Zurich, Auguste-Piccard-Hof 1, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
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5
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Pupeikis J, Willenberg B, Bruno F, Hettich M, Nussbaum-Lapping A, Golling M, Bauer CP, Camenzind SL, Benayad A, Camy P, Audoin B, Phillips CR, Keller U. Picosecond ultrasonics with a free-running dual-comb laser. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:35735-35754. [PMID: 34809002 DOI: 10.1364/oe.440856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We present a free-running 80-MHz dual-comb polarization-multiplexed solid-state laser which delivers 1.8 W of average power with 110-fs pulse duration per comb. With a high-sensitivity pump-probe setup, we apply this free-running dual-comb laser to picosecond ultrasonic measurements. The ultrasonic signatures in a semiconductor multi-quantum-well structure originating from the quantum wells and superlattice regions are revealed and discussed. We further demonstrate ultrasonic measurements on a thin-film metalized sample and compare these measurements to ones obtained with a pair of locked femtosecond lasers. Our data show that a free-running dual-comb laser is well-suited for picosecond ultrasonic measurements and thus it offers a significant reduction in complexity and cost for this widely adopted non-destructive testing technique.
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Thréard T, de Lima Savi E, Avanesyan S, Chigarev N, Hua Z, Tournat V, Gusev VE, Hurley DH, Raetz S. Photoacoustic 3-D imaging of polycrystalline microstructure improved with transverse acoustic waves. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2021; 23:100286. [PMID: 34430200 PMCID: PMC8371231 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2021.100286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Non-invasive fast imaging of grain microstructure of polycrystalline ceria with sub-micrometric spatial resolution is performed via time-domain Brillouin scattering. The propagation of a nanoacoustic pulse is monitored down to 8 μm deep in a 30 × 30 μm2 area. Grains boundaries are reconstructed in three-dimensions via a two-step processing method, relying on the wavelet synchro-squeezed transform and the alphashape algorithm. Imaging contrast is improved by taking advantage of stronger sensitivity to anisotropy of transverse acoustic waves, compared with longitudinal waves. Utilization of transverse waves in the image processing reveals additional boundaries, confirmed by an electron backscattering diffraction pattern but not discerned using longitudinal waves. A buried inclined interface between differently oriented grains is identified by monitoring changes in amplitude (phase) of the portion of the signal associated with transverse (longitudinal) waves. Estimates of the inclination angle of this interface prove the sensitivity of our laser ultrasonic method to image inclined boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Théo Thréard
- Laboratoire d’Acoustique de l’Université du Mans (LAUM), UMR 6613, Institut d’Acoustique – Graduate School (IA-GS), CNRS, Le Mans Université, France
| | - Elton de Lima Savi
- Laboratoire d’Acoustique de l’Université du Mans (LAUM), UMR 6613, Institut d’Acoustique – Graduate School (IA-GS), CNRS, Le Mans Université, France
| | - Sergey Avanesyan
- Departement of Life and Physical Sciences, Fisk University, Nashville, USA
| | - Nikolay Chigarev
- Laboratoire d’Acoustique de l’Université du Mans (LAUM), UMR 6613, Institut d’Acoustique – Graduate School (IA-GS), CNRS, Le Mans Université, France
| | - Zilong Hua
- Idaho National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415, USA
| | - Vincent Tournat
- Laboratoire d’Acoustique de l’Université du Mans (LAUM), UMR 6613, Institut d’Acoustique – Graduate School (IA-GS), CNRS, Le Mans Université, France
| | - Vitalyi E. Gusev
- Laboratoire d’Acoustique de l’Université du Mans (LAUM), UMR 6613, Institut d’Acoustique – Graduate School (IA-GS), CNRS, Le Mans Université, France
| | - David H. Hurley
- Idaho National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415, USA
| | - Samuel Raetz
- Laboratoire d’Acoustique de l’Université du Mans (LAUM), UMR 6613, Institut d’Acoustique – Graduate School (IA-GS), CNRS, Le Mans Université, France
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7
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Lifting restrictions on coherence loss when characterizing non-transparent hypersonic phononic crystals. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17174. [PMID: 34433886 PMCID: PMC8387379 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96663-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypersonic phononic bandgap structures confine acoustic vibrations whose wavelength is commensurate with that of light, and have been studied using either time- or frequency-domain optical spectroscopy. Pulsed pump-probe lasers are the preferred instruments for characterizing periodic multilayer stacks from common vacuum deposition techniques, but the detection mechanism requires the injected sound wave to maintain coherence during propagation. Beyond acoustic Bragg mirrors, frequency-domain studies using a tandem Fabry–Perot interferometer (TFPI) find dispersions of two- and three-dimensional phononic crystals (PnCs) even for highly disordered samples, but with the caveat that PnCs must be transparent. Here, we demonstrate a hybrid technique for overcoming the limitations that time- and frequency-domain approaches exhibit separately. Accordingly, we inject coherent phonons into a non-transparent PnC using a pulsed laser and acquire the acoustic transmission spectrum on a TFPI, where pumped appear alongside spontaneously excited (i.e. incoherent) phonons. Choosing a metallic Bragg mirror for illustration, we determine the bandgap and compare with conventional time-domain spectroscopy, finding resolution of the hybrid approach to match that of a state-of-the-art asynchronous optical sampling setup. Thus, the hybrid pump–probe technique retains key performance features of the established one and going forward will likely be preferred for disordered samples.
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8
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Peli S, Ronchi A, Bianchetti G, Rossella F, Giannetti C, Chiari M, Pingue P, Banfi F, Ferrini G. Optical and mechanical properties of streptavidin-conjugated gold nanospheres through data mining techniques. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16230. [PMID: 33004805 PMCID: PMC7530730 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72534-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The thermo-mechanical properties of streptavidin-conjugated gold nanospheres, adhered to a surface via complex molecular chains, are investigated by two-color infrared asynchronous optical sampling pump-probe spectroscopy. Nanospheres with different surface densities have been deposited and exposed to a plasma treatment to modify their polymer binding chains. The aim is to monitor their optical response in complex chemical environments that may be experienced in, e.g., photothermal therapy or drug delivery applications. By applying unsupervised learning techniques to the spectroscopic traces, we identify their thermo-mechanical response variation. This variation discriminates nanospheres in different chemical environments or different surface densities. Such discrimination is not evident based on a standard analysis of the spectroscopic traces. This kind of analysis is important, given the widespread application of conjugated gold nanospheres in medicine and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Peli
- Interdisciplinary Laboratories for Advanced Materials Physics (I-LAMP), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 25121, Brescia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 25121, Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Ronchi
- Interdisciplinary Laboratories for Advanced Materials Physics (I-LAMP), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 25121, Brescia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 25121, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Giada Bianchetti
- Interdisciplinary Laboratories for Advanced Materials Physics (I-LAMP), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 25121, Brescia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 25121, Brescia, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Rossella
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and CNR - Istituto Nanoscienze, piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudio Giannetti
- Interdisciplinary Laboratories for Advanced Materials Physics (I-LAMP), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 25121, Brescia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 25121, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marcella Chiari
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, CNR, Milano, Italy
| | - Pasqualantonio Pingue
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and CNR - Istituto Nanoscienze, piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Banfi
- Interdisciplinary Laboratories for Advanced Materials Physics (I-LAMP), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 25121, Brescia, Italy
- FemtoNanoOptics Group, Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Gabriele Ferrini
- Interdisciplinary Laboratories for Advanced Materials Physics (I-LAMP), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 25121, Brescia, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 25121, Brescia, Italy.
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9
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Liu L, Plawinski L, Durrieu MC, Audoin B. Label-free multi-parametric imaging of single cells: dual picosecond optoacoustic microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2019; 12:e201900045. [PMID: 31144774 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201900045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Advances in microscopy with new visualization possibilities often bring dramatic progress to our understanding of the intriguing cellular machinery. Picosecond optoacoustic micro-spectroscopy is an optical technique based on ultrafast pump-probe generation and detection of hypersound on time durations of picoseconds and length scales of nanometers. It is experiencing a renaissance as a versatile imaging tool for cell biology research after a plethora of applications in solid-state physics. In this emerging context, this work reports on a dual-probe architecture to carry out real-time parallel detection of the hypersound propagation inside a cell that is cultured on a metallic substrate, and of the hypersound reflection at the metal/cell adhesion interface. Using this optoacoustic modality, several biophysical properties of the cell can be measured in a noncontact and label-free manner. Its abilities are demonstrated with the multiple imaging of a mitotic macrophage-like cell in a single run experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwang Liu
- CNRS, UMR 5295, I2M, University of Bordeaux, Talence, France
| | - Laurent Plawinski
- CNRS UMR 5248, Bordeaux-INP, CBMN, University of Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | | | - Bertrand Audoin
- CNRS, UMR 5295, I2M, University of Bordeaux, Talence, France
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10
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Liu L, Viel A, Le Saux G, Plawinski L, Muggiolu G, Barberet P, Pereira M, Ayela C, Seznec H, Durrieu MC, Olive JM, Audoin B. Remote imaging of single cell 3D morphology with ultrafast coherent phonons and their resonance harmonics. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6409. [PMID: 31015541 PMCID: PMC6478725 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42718-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell morphological analysis has long been used in cell biology and physiology for abnormality identification, early cancer detection, and dynamic change analysis under specific environmental stresses. This work reports on the remote mapping of cell 3D morphology with an in-plane resolution limited by optics and an out-of-plane accuracy down to a tenth of the optical wavelength. For this, GHz coherent acoustic phonons and their resonance harmonics were tracked by means of an ultrafast opto-acoustic technique. After illustrating the measurement accuracy with cell-mimetic polymer films we map the 3D morphology of an entire osteosarcoma cell. The resulting image complies with the image obtained by standard atomic force microscopy, and both reveal very close roughness mean values. In addition, while scanning macrophages and monocytes, we demonstrate an enhanced contrast of thickness mapping by taking advantage of the detection of high-frequency resonance harmonics. Illustrations are given with the remote quantitative imaging of the nucleus thickness gradient of migrating monocyte cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwang Liu
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5295, I2M, F-33400, Talence, France
| | - Alexis Viel
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5295, I2M, F-33400, Talence, France
| | - Guillaume Le Saux
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5248, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | - Laurent Plawinski
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5248, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | - Giovanna Muggiolu
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5797, CENBG, F-33170, Gradignan, France
| | - Philippe Barberet
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5797, CENBG, F-33170, Gradignan, France
| | - Marco Pereira
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5218, IMS, F-33400, Talence, France
| | - Cédric Ayela
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5218, IMS, F-33400, Talence, France
| | - Hervé Seznec
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5797, CENBG, F-33170, Gradignan, France
| | | | - Jean-Marc Olive
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5295, I2M, F-33400, Talence, France
| | - Bertrand Audoin
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5295, I2M, F-33400, Talence, France.
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11
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Oe R, Taue S, Minamikawa T, Nagai K, Shibuya K, Mizuno T, Yamagiwa M, Mizutani Y, Yamamoto H, Iwata T, Fukano H, Nakajima Y, Minoshima K, Yasui T. Refractive-index-sensing optical comb based on photonic radio-frequency conversion with intracavity multi-mode interference fiber sensor. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:19694-19706. [PMID: 30114139 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.019694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Optical frequency combs (OFCs) have attracted attention as optical frequency rulers due to their tooth-like discrete spectra together with their inherent mode-locking nature and phase-locking control to a frequency standard. Based on this concept, their applications until now have been demonstrated in the fields of optical frequency metrology. However, if the utility of OFCs can be further expanded beyond their application by exploiting new aspects of OFCs, this will lead to new developments in optical metrology and instrumentation. Here, we report a fiber sensing application of OFCs based on a coherent link between the optical and radio frequencies, enabling high-precision refractive index measurement based on frequency measurement in radio-frequency (RF) region. Our technique encodes a refractive index change of a liquid sample into a repetition frequency of OFC by a combination of an intracavity multi-mode-interference fiber sensor and wavelength dispersion of a cavity fiber. Then, the change in refractive index is read out by measuring the repetition frequency in RF region based on a frequency standard. Use of an OFC as a photonic RF converter will lead to the development of new applications in high-precision fiber sensing with the help of functional fiber sensors and precise RF measurement.
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12
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Abi Ghanem M, Dehoux T, Liu L, Le Saux G, Plawinski L, Durrieu MC, Audoin B. Opto-acoustic microscopy reveals adhesion mechanics of single cells. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:014901. [PMID: 29390675 DOI: 10.1063/1.5019807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Laser-generated GHz-ultrasonic-based technologies have shown the ability to image single cell adhesion and stiffness simultaneously. Using this new modality, we here demonstrate quantitative indicators to investigate contact mechanics and adhesion processes of the cell. We cultured human cells on a rigid substrate, and we used an inverted pulsed opto-acoustic microscope to generate acoustic pulses containing frequencies up to 100 GHz in the substrate. We map the reflection of the acoustic pulses at the cell-substrate interface to obtain images of the acoustic impedance of the cell, Zc, as well as of the stiffness of the interface, K, with 1 μm lateral resolution. Our results show that the standard deviation ΔZc reveals differences between different cell types arising from the multiplicity of local conformations within the nucleus. From the distribution of K-values within the nuclear region, we extract a mean interfacial stiffness, Km, that quantifies the average contact force in areas of the cell displaying weak bonding. By analogy with classical contact mechanics, we also define the ratio of the real to nominal contact areas, Sr/St. We show that Km can be interpreted as a quantitative indicator of passive contact at metal-cell interfaces, while Sr/St is sensitive to active adhesive processes in the nuclear region. The ability to separate the contributions of passive and active adhesion processes should allow gaining insight into cell-substrate interactions, with important applications in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Dehoux
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5295, I2M, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Liwang Liu
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5295, I2M, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Guillaume Le Saux
- Institute of Chemistry and Biology of Membranes and Nanoobjects (UMR 5248 CBMN)-CNRS-University Bordeaux-Bordeaux INP, Pessac, France
| | - Laurent Plawinski
- Institute of Chemistry and Biology of Membranes and Nanoobjects (UMR 5248 CBMN)-CNRS-University Bordeaux-Bordeaux INP, Pessac, France
| | - Marie-Christine Durrieu
- Institute of Chemistry and Biology of Membranes and Nanoobjects (UMR 5248 CBMN)-CNRS-University Bordeaux-Bordeaux INP, Pessac, France
| | - Bertrand Audoin
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5295, I2M, F-33400 Talence, France
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13
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Chandezon J, Rampnoux JM, Dilhaire S, Audoin B, Guillet Y. In-line femtosecond common-path interferometer in reflection mode. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:27011-27019. [PMID: 26480362 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.027011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
An innovative method to perform femtosecond time-resolved interferometry in reflection mode is proposed. The experiment consists in the combined use of a pump-probe setup and of a fully passive in-line femtosecond common-path interferometer. The originality of this interferometer relies on the use of a single birefringent crystal first to generate a pair of phase-locked pulses and second to recombine them to interfere. As predicted by analytical modeling, this interferometer measures the temporal derivative of the ultrafast changes of the complex optical reflection coefficient of the sample. Working conditions are illustrated through picosecond opto-acoustic experiments on a thin film.
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Krauß N, Schäfer G, Flock J, Kliebisch O, Li C, Barros HG, Heinecke DC, Dekorsy T. Two-colour high-speed asynchronous optical sampling based on offset-stabilized Yb:KYW and Ti:sapphire oscillators. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:18288-18299. [PMID: 26191885 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.018288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present a high-speed asynchronous optical sampling system, based on two different Kerr-lens mode-locked lasers with a GHz repetition rate: An Yb:KYW oscillator and a Ti:sapphire oscillator are synchronized in a master-slave configuration at a repetition rate offset of a few kHz. This system enables two-colour pump-probe measurements with resulting noise floors below 10⁻⁶ at a data aquisition time of 5 seconds. The measured temporal resolution within the 1 ns time window is below 350 fs, including a timing jitter of less than 50 fs. The system is applied to investigate zone-folded coherent acoustic phonons in two different semiconductor superlattices in transmission geometry at a probe wavelength far below the bandgap of the superlattice constituents. The lifetime of the phonon modes with a zero wave vector and frequencies in the range from 100 GHz to 500 GHz are measured at room temperature and compared with previous work.
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15
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Xiong J, Xu X, Glorieux C, Matsuda O, Cheng L. Imaging of transient surface acoustic waves by full-field photorefractive interferometry. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2015; 86:053107. [PMID: 26026514 DOI: 10.1063/1.4921481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A stroboscopic full-field imaging technique based on photorefractive interferometry for the visualization of rapidly changing surface displacement fields by using of a standard charge-coupled device (CCD) camera is presented. The photorefractive buildup of the space charge field during and after probe laser pulses is simulated numerically. The resulting anisotropic diffraction upon the refractive index grating and the interference between the polarization-rotated diffracted reference beam and the transmitted signal beam are modeled theoretically. The method is experimentally demonstrated by full-field imaging of the propagation of photoacoustically generated surface acoustic waves with a temporal resolution of nanoseconds. The surface acoustic wave propagation in a 23 mm × 17 mm area on an aluminum plate was visualized with 520 × 696 pixels of the CCD sensor, yielding a spatial resolution of 33 μm. The short pulse duration (8 ns) of the probe laser yields the capability of imaging SAWs with frequencies up to 60 MHz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichuan Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Christ Glorieux
- Soft Matter and Biophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Osamu Matsuda
- Division of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Liping Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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16
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Dehoux T, Abi Ghanem M, Zouani OF, Rampnoux JM, Guillet Y, Dilhaire S, Durrieu MC, Audoin B. All-optical broadband ultrasonography of single cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8650. [PMID: 25731090 PMCID: PMC4346798 DOI: 10.1038/srep08650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell mechanics play a key role in several fundamental biological processes, such as migration, proliferation, differentiation and tissue morphogenesis. In addition, many diseased conditions of the cell are correlated with altered cell mechanics, as in the case of cancer progression. For this there is much interest in methods that can map mechanical properties with a sub-cell resolution. Here, we demonstrate an inverted pulsed opto-acoustic microscope (iPOM) that operates in the 10 to 100 GHz range. These frequencies allow mapping quantitatively cell structures as thin as 10 nm and resolving the fibrillar details of cells. Using this non-invasive all-optical system, we produce high-resolution images based on mechanical properties as the contrast mechanisms, and we can observe the stiffness and adhesion of single migrating stem cells. The technique should allow transferring the diagnostic and imaging abilities of ultrasonic imaging to the single-cell scale, thus opening new avenues for cell biology and biomaterial sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Dehoux
- 1] Univ. Bordeaux, I2M, UMR 5295, F-33400 Talence, France [2] CNRS, I2M, UMR 5295, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - M Abi Ghanem
- 1] Univ. Bordeaux, I2M, UMR 5295, F-33400 Talence, France [2] CNRS, I2M, UMR 5295, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - O F Zouani
- Univ. Bordeaux, CBMN, UMR CNRS 5248, F-33607 Pessac, France
| | - J-M Rampnoux
- Univ. Bordeaux, LOMA, CNRS UMR 5798, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Y Guillet
- 1] Univ. Bordeaux, I2M, UMR 5295, F-33400 Talence, France [2] CNRS, I2M, UMR 5295, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - S Dilhaire
- Univ. Bordeaux, LOMA, CNRS UMR 5798, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - M-C Durrieu
- Univ. Bordeaux, CBMN, UMR CNRS 5248, F-33607 Pessac, France
| | - B Audoin
- 1] Univ. Bordeaux, I2M, UMR 5295, F-33400 Talence, France [2] CNRS, I2M, UMR 5295, F-33400 Talence, France
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Matsuda O, Kaneko S, Wright OB, Tomoda M. Time-resolved gigahertz acoustic wave imaging at arbitrary frequencies. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2015; 62:584-595. [PMID: 25768824 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2014.006369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We describe a way to generate and detect arbitrary frequency components in time-resolved surface acoustic wave imaging based on optical pumping and probing with a periodic light source. The detailed theory of the technique, based on beam modulation and Fourier analysis, for a variety of possible experimental configurations is presented, followed by experimental data for a glass substrate covered with a thin gold film. We show how the acoustic dispersion relation can be obtained to arbitrary frequency resolution, not limited by the laser pulse repetition rate.
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