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Park CY, Lee KY, Choi YS, Yoon JW. Compact coherent perfect absorbers using topological guided-mode resonances. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14144. [PMID: 38898029 PMCID: PMC11187224 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63605-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
We propose a topological coherent perfect absorber that enables almost ideal performance with remarkably compact device footprint and tight incident beams. The proposed structure is based on a topological junction of two guided-mode-resonance gratings. The structure provides robust systematic ways of remarkably tight lateral confinement of the absorbing resonance mode and near-perfect mode-match to arbitrary incident beams, which are unavailable with the conventional approaches. We demonstrate an exemplary amorphous Si thin-film structure that enables near-perfect absorptance modulation between 1.7 and 99% with device footprint width of 30-μm and 10-μm-wide incident Gaussian beams. Therefore, our proposed approach greatly improves practicality of guided-mode-resonance coherent perfect absorbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Young Park
- Department of Physics, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | - Ki Young Lee
- Department of Physics, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | - Yu Sung Choi
- Department of Physics, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | - Jae Woong Yoon
- Department of Physics, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea.
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea.
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2
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Liu W, Yang R, Zhao D. Coherent perfect absorption from asymmetry transmissive Helmholtz resonator metamaterials. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:1552-1555. [PMID: 38489448 DOI: 10.1364/ol.517710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
We propose an asymmetry transmissive (AT) Helmholtz resonator metamaterial to interact with dual incidences of different polarizations from opposite directions to achieve coherent perfect absorption at a terahertz regime. More specifically, the proposed design will solely allow the x-polarized incidence tunnel into the Helmholtz resonator cavity array with roughly half the energy reflected. Meanwhile, the transmitted fields will be converted into the y-polarized counterparts so as to go out through the metamaterial and finally coherent canceled with the partially reflected fields of the other incidence. Our design, introducing the Helmholtz resonator array in the electromagnetics with an extension of the principle of polarization conversion under the coherent perfect absorption, should pave the way for the quest of building up more advanced wave trapping meta-devices for various applications in different disciplines.
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3
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Zhang YX, Lin Q, Yan XQ, Wang LL, Liu GD. Flat-band Friedrich-Wintgen bound states in the continuum based on borophene metamaterials. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:10669-10678. [PMID: 38571272 DOI: 10.1364/oe.515152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Many applications involve the phenomenon of a material absorbing electromagnetic radiation. By exploiting wave interference, the efficiency of absorption can be significantly enhanced. Here, we propose Friedrich-Wintgen bound states in the continuum (F-W BICs) based on borophene metamaterials to realize coherent perfect absorption with a dual-band absorption peak in commercially important communication bands. Metamaterials consist of borophene gratings and a borophene sheet that can simultaneously support a Fabry-Perot plasmon resonance and a guided plasmon mode. The formation and dynamic modulation of the F-W BIC can be achieved by adjusting the width or carrier density of the borophene grating, while the strong coupling leads to the anti-crossover behavior of the absorption spectrum. Due to the weak angular dispersion originating from the intrinsic flat-band characteristic of the deep sub-wavelength periodic structure, the proposed plasmonic system exhibits almost no change in wavelength and absorption at large incident angles (within 70 degrees). In addition, we employ the temporal coupled-mode theory including near- and far-field coupling to obtain strong critical coupling, successfully achieve coherent perfect absorption, and can realize the absorption switch by changing the phase difference between the two coherent beams. Our findings can offer theoretical support for absorber design and all-optical tuning.
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4
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Chen Y, Shen C, Li Q, Li J, Deng X. Dual-Band All-Optical Logic Gates by Coherent Absorption in an Amorphous Silicon Graphene Metasurface. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:335. [PMID: 38392708 PMCID: PMC10893024 DOI: 10.3390/nano14040335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The dual-band polarization-independent all-optical logic gate by coherent absorption effect in an amorphous silicon (a-Si) graphene metasurface is investigated theoretically and numerically. Taking the substrate effect into consideration, the coherent perfect absorption condition of the a-Si graphene metasurface is derived on the basis of the Cartesian multipole method. The coherent nearly perfect absorption of the a-Si graphene metasurface is realized by the interference of multipole moments and the interband transition of monolayer graphene, achieving peak values of 91% and 92% at 894.5 nm and 991.5 nm, respectively. The polarization independence of the coherent absorption is revealed due to the center symmetry of the structure of the a-Si graphene metasurface. The dual-band polarization-independent all-optical XOR and OR logic gates are implemented at 894.5 nm and 991.5 nm by the a-Si graphene metasurface based on the coherent nearly perfect absorption, which has the opportunity to be utilized in all-optical computing, all-optical data processing, and future all-optical networks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xiaoxu Deng
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.C.); (C.S.); (Q.L.); (J.L.)
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5
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Zhao W, Chen M, Wang X, Han W, Li R, Shi X, Liu J, Teng C, Deng S, Yuan L. Multidimensional tunable graphene chiral metasurface based on coherent control. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:5153-5156. [PMID: 37773408 DOI: 10.1364/ol.500735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
The deep application of chiral metasurfaces requires higher flexibility. Herein, we propose a multidimensional tunable chiral graphene metasurface, which uses coherent control to obtain more than 0.8 circular conversion dichroism (CCD) at 2.4 THz as a transmission structure. Its operating frequency can be changed in the 1.3-2.4 THz range, while the amplitude has almost perfect modulation depth in the range of 0-0.8. The mechanism of differential absorption was analyzed through numerical simulation. The device designed is easy to obtain reverse CCD, which is used for unit layout and proves its advantages in near-field imaging. Our work has broadened the path for the development of chiral metasurfaces towards higher degrees of freedom.
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6
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Qian J, Meng CH, Rao JW, Rao ZJ, An Z, Gui Y, Hu CM. Non-Hermitian control between absorption and transparency in perfect zero-reflection magnonics. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3437. [PMID: 37301861 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39102-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent works in metamaterials and transformation optics have demonstrated exotic properties in a number of open systems, including perfect absorption/transmission, electromagnetically induced transparency, cloaking or invisibility, etc. Meanwhile, non-Hermitian physics framework has been developed to describe the properties of open systems, however, most works related to this focus on the eigenstate properties with less attention paid to the reflection characteristics in complex frequency plane, despite the usefulness of zero-reflection (ZR) for applications. Here we demonstrate that the indirectly coupled two-magnon system not only exhibits non-Hermitian eigenmode hybridization, but also ZR states in complex frequency plane. The observed perfect-ZR (PZR) state, i.e., ZR with pure real frequency, is manifested as infinitely narrow reflection dips (~67 dB) with infinite group delay discontinuity. This reflection singularity of PZR distinguishes from the resonant eigenstates but can be adjusted on or off resonance with the eigenstates. Accordingly, the absorption and transmission can be flexibly tuned from nearly full absorption (NFA) to nearly full transmission (NFT) regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Institute of Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - C H Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Institute of Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - J W Rao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghaitech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Z J Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Institute of Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhenghua An
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Institute of Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, 41th Floor, AI Tower, No. 701 Yunjin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200232, China.
- Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University, Chengbei Road, 322000, Yiwu City, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yongsheng Gui
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - C -M Hu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T 2N2, Canada.
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7
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Luo P, Lan G, Nong J, Zhang X, Xu T, Wei W. Broadband coherent perfect absorption employing an inverse-designed metasurface via genetic algorithm. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:34429-34440. [PMID: 36242455 DOI: 10.1364/oe.468842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Coherent perfect absorption (CPA) possesses the unique characteristics of flexibly and actively molding the flow of light. However, restricted by the low design efficiency and limited geometry variety of metamaterial structures, the common CPA metamaterial absorbers based on artificial design show poor performance in bandwidth operation. Here, we proposed a tungsten-based metamaterial absorber to achieve broadband CPA via employing genetic algorithm inverse design. Under the irradiation of two coherent beams, the high coherent absorption (>90%) can be achieved within a wide range from 1.32 to 3.28 µm. By simply adjusting the relative intensity or phase difference of the two coherent beams, the absorption intensity can be continuously modulated to realize the transition between coherent perfect absorption and coherent perfect transparency. Moreover, the coherent absorption maintains greater than 90% over a broad range of incident angles for both TM and TE polarizations. The scattering matrix theorem is applied to explain the physical mechanism of CPA, and the analytical results exhibit good consistency with the numerical calculations. Such a tungsten-based CPA metamaterial absorber with broadband tunability and exceptional angular stability is expected to be utilized in optical signal processing chips, all-optical modulators, and optical switchers.
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Yan Z, Kong L, Tang C, Deng J, Gu P, Chen J, Wang X, Yi Z, Zhu M. Ultra-broadband and completely modulated absorption enhancement of monolayer graphene in a near-infrared region. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:34787-34796. [PMID: 36242483 DOI: 10.1364/oe.470792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Achieving ultra-broadband and completely modulated absorption enhancement of monolayer graphene in near-infrared region is practically important to design graphene-based optoelectronic devices, however, which remains a challenge. In this work, by spectrally designing multiple magnetic plasmon resonance modes in metamaterials to be adjacent to each other, near-infrared light absorption in monolayer graphene is greatly improved to have an averaged absorption efficiency exceeding 50% in a very broad absorption bandwidth of about 800 nm. Moreover, by exerting an external bias voltage on graphene to change Fermi energy of graphene, the ultra-broadband absorption enhancement of monolayer graphene exhibits an excellent tunability, which has a nearly 100% modulation depth and an electrical switching property. This work is promising for applications in near-infrared photodetectors, amplitude modulators of electromagnetic waves, etc.
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Zhang Z, Xie Q, Guo L, Su C, Wang M, Xia F, Sun J, Li K, Feng H, Yun M. Dual-controlled tunable dual-band and ultra-broadband coherent perfect absorber in the THz range. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:30832-30844. [PMID: 36242180 DOI: 10.1364/oe.464682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This paper proposes a vanadium dioxide metamaterial-based tunable, polarization-independent coherent perfect absorber (CPA) in the terahertz frequency range. The designed CPA demonstrates intelligent reconfigurable switch modulation from an ultra-broadband absorber mode to a dual-band absorber mode via the thermally controlled of VO2. The mode of ultra-broadband absorber is realized when the conductivity of VO2 reaches 11850 S/m via controlling its temperature around T = 328 K. In this mode, the CPA demonstrates more than 90% absorption efficiency within the ultra-wide frequency band that extends from 0.1 THz to 10.8 THz. As the conductivity of VO2 reaches 2×105 S/m (T = 340 K), the CPA switches to a dual-band absorber mode where a relatively high absorption efficiency of 98% and 99.7% is detected at frequencies of 4.5 THz and 9.8 THz, respectively. Additionally, using phase modulation of the incident light, the proposed CPA can regulate the absorption efficiency, which can be intelligently controlled from perfect absorption to high pass-through transmission. Owing to the ability of the proposed CPA to intelligently control the performance of light, this study can contribute towards enhancing the performance of stealth devices, all-optical switches and coherent photodetectors.
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10
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Lan G, Wei W, Luo P, Yi J, Shang Z, Xu T. Dynamically tunable coherent perfect absorption in topological insulators at oblique incidence. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:28652-28663. [PMID: 34614991 DOI: 10.1364/oe.435440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The effective engineering of light absorption has been the focus of intensive research to realize the novel optoelectronic devices based on a topological insulator, a unique topologically protected surface Dirac-state quantum material with excellent prospects in electronics and photonics. Here, we theoretically proposed a versatile platform for manipulating the light-matter interaction employing the dynamically tunable coherent perfect absorption (CPA) in the topological insulator Bi1.5Sb0.5Te1.8Se1.2(BSTS). By simply varying the phase difference between two coherent counter-propagating beams, the BSTS-based CPA device can be continuously switched from the high transparency state to the strong absorption state, leading to the modulation of absorption ranging from 0.2% to 99.998%. Under the illumination of TE-polarized wave, the high absorption (>90%) can be implemented within a broad range from 0.47 to 1.51 μm through a proper incident angle alteration. In addition, the quasi-CPA wavelength can be flexibly selected by tuning the bulk thickness of BSTS film while maintaining high modulation depth of 104. Such BSTS-based CPA device with flexible tunability, wide absorption modulation range, and high modulation depth is expected to be utilized in a wide range of potential applications such as in next-generation coherent detectors, coherent modulators, all-optical switches, and signal processors.
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11
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Xu R, Takahara J. All-dielectric perfect absorber based on quadrupole modes. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:3596-3599. [PMID: 34329233 DOI: 10.1364/ol.431398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In principle, the absorbance of a free-standing ultra-thin film is limited to 50%. To overcome this limitation, an all-dielectric perfect absorber is proposed herein based on the concept of degenerate critical coupling (DCC) of quadrupole modes. We study the absorbance of a dielectric elliptic cylinder and find that perfect absorption can be achieved by spectrally overlapping peaks of electric and magnetic quadrupole modes. This suggests that the DCC method can be extended to the quadrupole modes beyond dipole modes. Such an all-dielectric perfect absorber can be used in photodetectors, optical filters, and optical modulators mediated by the photothermal effect.
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12
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Li D, Li JS. Adjustable multichannel terahertz resonator. APPLIED OPTICS 2021; 60:6135-6139. [PMID: 34613277 DOI: 10.1364/ao.426141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Most reported terahertz devices are relatively simple to control by means of external applied electricity, light, heat, magnetism, etc. In the practical application of a terahertz system, the devices with a variety of adjustable methods are promising. In this paper, we design a rectangular-ambulatory-plane metal groove structure on apolymer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate with graphene embedded in the metal grooves. The resonance performance of the proposed structure can be controlled by changing the external force and graphene chemical potential. Three electromagnetic-induced reflection peaks of the structure are achieved at 0.54, 0.60, and 0.63 THz with reflectivity of 89.6%, 77.1%, and 75.7%, respectively. Under the change of the applied bias voltage and external force, the reflectivity of the three reflection peaks of the resonator can be regulated freely. In addition, the proposed structure is polarization-insensitive and maintains stable terahertz reflection peaks with incident angles up to 25°.
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13
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Rao JW, Xu PC, Gui YS, Wang YP, Yang Y, Yao B, Dietrich J, Bridges GE, Fan XL, Xue DS, Hu CM. Interferometric control of magnon-induced nearly perfect absorption in cavity magnonics. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1933. [PMID: 33772003 PMCID: PMC7997962 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22171-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The perfect absorption of electromagnetic waves has promoted many applications, including photovoltaics, radar cloaking, and molecular detection. Unlike conventional methods of critical coupling that require asymmetric boundaries or coherent perfect absorption that require multiple coherent incident beams, here we demonstrate single-beam perfect absorption in an on-chip cavity magnonic device without breaking its boundary symmetry. By exploiting magnon-mediated interference between two internal channels, both reflection and transmission of our device can be suppressed to zero, resulting in magnon-induced nearly perfect absorption (MIPA). Such interference can be tuned by the strength and direction of an external magnetic field, thus showing versatile controllability. Furthermore, the same multi-channel interference responsible for MIPA also produces level attraction (LA)-like hybridization between a cavity magnon polariton mode and a cavity photon mode, demonstrating that LA-like hybridization can be surprisingly realized in a coherently coupled system.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Rao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada, R3T 2N2
| | - P C Xu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada, R3T 2N2
| | - Y S Gui
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada, R3T 2N2
| | - Y P Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada, R3T 2N2
| | - Y Yang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada, R3T 2N2
| | - Bimu Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200083, China.
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - J Dietrich
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada, R3T 2N2
| | - G E Bridges
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada, R3T 2N2
| | - X L Fan
- The Key Lab for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - D S Xue
- The Key Lab for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - C-M Hu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada, R3T 2N2.
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14
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Xu R, Takahara J. Radiative loss control of an embedded silicon perfect absorber in the visible region. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:805-808. [PMID: 33577519 DOI: 10.1364/ol.417438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The absorbance of a free-standing ultrathin layer is limited to 50%; we overcome this limitation by numerically investigating a wavelength-selective perfect absorber based on Mie resonance and degenerate critical coupling. We extend the wavelength of close-to-unity absorbance to the entire visible region by controlling the radiative loss and intrinsic loss. Radiative loss can be controlled by embedding the Mie resonator into a thin film with the defined refractive index. Meanwhile, intrinsic loss can be controlled by addition of a dielectric cap with a higher extinction coefficient on the Mie resonator. Such all-dielectric perfect absorbers can be applied to efficient photodetectors, imaging sensor pixels, or all-optical switching devices mediated by the photothermal effect.
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15
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Li H, Zhang Y, Xiao H, Qin M, Xia S, Wang L. Investigation of acoustic plasmons in vertically stacked metal/dielectric/graphene heterostructures for multiband coherent perfect absorption. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:37577-37589. [PMID: 33379590 DOI: 10.1364/oe.411795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Coherent absorption, as the time-reversed counterpart to laser, has been widely proposed recently to flexibly modulate light-matter interactions in two-dimensional materials. However, the multiband coherent perfect absorption (CPA) in atomically thin materials still has been elusive. We exploit the multiband CPA in vertically stacked metal/dielectric/graphene heterostructures via ultraconfined acoustic plasmons which can reduce the photon wavelength by a factor of about 70 and thus enable multiple-order resonances on a graphene ribbon of finite width. Under the illumination of two counter-propagating coherent beams, the two-stage coupling scheme is used for exciting multispectral acoustic plasmon resonances on the heterostructure simultaneously, thereby contributing to the ultimate multiband CPA in the mid-infrared region. The strong dependence of the nearly linear dispersion of acoustic plasmons on the chemical potential in graphene and the separation between the metal and the graphene allows the tunability in spectral positions of absorption peaks. Intriguingly, the absorption of each resonant peak is continuously tuned by varying the relative amplitude of two counter-propagating beams, and even their phase difference, respectively. The maximum modulation depth of 4.46*105 is observed. The scattering matrix is employed to demonstrate the principle of CPA and the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations are used for elucidating the flexible tunability. More importantly, the multiband coherent absorber is robust to the incident angle, and thus undoubtedly benefits extensive applications on optoelectronic and engineering technology areas for modulators and optical switches.
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16
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Chen L, Kottos T, Anlage SM. Perfect absorption in complex scattering systems with or without hidden symmetries. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5826. [PMID: 33203847 PMCID: PMC7673030 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19645-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Wavefront shaping (WFS) schemes for efficient energy deposition in weakly lossy targets is an ongoing challenge for many classical wave technologies relevant to next-generation telecommunications, long-range wireless power transfer, and electromagnetic warfare. In many circumstances these targets are embedded inside complicated enclosures which lack any type of (geometric or hidden) symmetry, such as complex networks, buildings, or vessels, where the hypersensitive nature of multiple interference paths challenges the viability of WFS protocols. We demonstrate the success of a general WFS scheme, based on coherent perfect absorption (CPA) electromagnetic protocols, by utilizing a network of coupled transmission lines with complex connectivity that enforces the absence of geometric symmetries. Our platform allows for control of the local losses inside the network and of the violation of time-reversal symmetry via a magnetic field; thus establishing CPA beyond its initial concept as the time-reversal of a laser cavity, while offering an opportunity for better insight into CPA formation via the implementation of semiclassical tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Quantum Materials Center, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
| | - Tsampikos Kottos
- Wave Transport in Complex Systems Lab, Department of Physics, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT, 06459, USA
| | - Steven M Anlage
- Quantum Materials Center, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
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17
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Meng H, Lin Q, Xue X, Lian J, Liu G, Xu W, Zhai X, Liu Z, Chen J, Li H, Shang X, Wang L. Ultrathin multi-band coherent perfect absorber in graphene with high-contrast gratings. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:24285-24297. [PMID: 32752410 DOI: 10.1364/oe.400014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
High-contrast gratings (HCGs) can be designed as a resonator with high-quality factor and surface-normal emission, which are excellent characters for designing optical devices. In this work, we combine HCGs with plasmonic graphene structure to achieve an ultrathin five-band coherent perfect absorber (CPA). The presented CPA can achieve multi- and narrow-band absorption with high intensity under a relatively large incident angle. The good agreement between theoretical analysis and numerical simulated results demonstrates that our proposed HCGs-based structure is feasible to realize CPA. Besides, by dynamically adjusting the Fermi energy of graphene, we realize the active tunability of resonance frequency and absorption intensity simultaneously. Benefitting from the combination of HCGs and the one-atom thickness of graphene, the proposed device possesses an extremely thin feature. Our work proposes a novel method to manipulate coherent perfect absorption and is helpful to design tunable multi-band and ultrathin absorbers.
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18
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Drissi LB, Ramadan FZ, Ferhati H, Djeffal F, Kanga NBJ. New highly efficient 2D SiC UV-absorbing material with plasmonic light trapping. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:025701. [PMID: 31618178 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab3ab6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present paper is a systematic analysis of the thermoelectric and optical properties of the SiC monolayer. Based on the density functional theory (DFT) combined with the Boltzmann transport theory, the thermal conductivity, the electrical conductivity and the figures of merit are all determined and discussed for the SiC hybrid. At room temperature, it is found that SiC shows interesting values with respect to its counterparts graphene and silicene. To improve the absorption of the SiC sheet, a strategy is proposed using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) combing with PSO-based approach. The absorbance of the UV-photodector with SiC monolayer and the SiC-based photodector with Au plasmonic grating are studied. Among our findings, the Au plasmonic grating enhances the absorbance of SiC to reach a maximum absorbance of 99.6% at the resonance wavelength of ([Formula: see text] nm), which significantly improves the performance of UV-sensors. Therefore, by combining optical DFT analysis with FDTD simulation supported by global PSO optimization, we have been able to develop a new SiC monolayer high performance UV photodetector suitable for advanced optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- L B Drissi
- Faculty of Science, LPHE, Modeling & Simulations, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco. CPM, Faculty of Science, Centre of Physics and Mathematics, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco. Hassan II Academy of Science and Technology, Rabat, Morocco
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19
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Hong Q, Chen X, Zhang J, Zhu Z, Qin S, Yuan X. Remarkably high-Q resonant nanostructures based on atomically thin two-dimensional materials. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:23149-23155. [PMID: 31573588 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr06192d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Planar optical resonant structures with high quality (Q) factors play a crucial role in modern photonic technologies. In this paper, a type of remarkably high-Q resonant nanostructure based on atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) materials is proposed. It is shown theoretically and numerically that with the excitation of leaky modes in the proposed structures, guided mode resonant (GMR) gratings, can achieve resonances with extremely narrow linewidths down to 0.0005 nm and high Q-factors up to millions in the telecom range. The thickness of 2D materials and thus the high-Q resonances can be precisely controlled by changing the layer number of 2D materials, providing a versatile platform for strong light-matter interactions. As an example, dramatic nonlinear reflectance can be realized around the resonance at a power level of a few kW cm-2 with the Kerr effect. This new type of 2D material resonant nanostructure can be employed for a variety of applications ranging from lasers, filters and polarizers to nonlinear optical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilin Hong
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China.
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20
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Luo X, Cheng ZQ, Zhai X, Liu ZM, Li SQ, Liu JP, Wang LL, Lin Q, Zhou YH. A Tunable Dual-Band and Polarization-Insensitive Coherent Perfect Absorber Based on Double-Layers Graphene Hybrid Waveguide. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2019; 14:337. [PMID: 31686268 PMCID: PMC6828872 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-019-3155-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A suspended monolayer graphene has only about 2.3% absorption rate in visible and infrared band, which limits its optoelectronic applications. To significantly increase graphene's absorption efficiency, a tunable dual-band and polarization-insensitive coherent perfect absorber (CPA) is proposed in the mid-infrared regime, which contains the silicon array coupled in double-layers graphene waveguide. Based on the FDTD methods, dual-band perfect absorption peaks are achieved in 9611 nm and 9924 nm, respectively. Moreover, due to its center symmetric feature, the proposed absorber also demonstrates polarization-insensitive. Meanwhile, the coherent absorption peaks can be all-optically modulated by altering the relative phase between two reverse incident lights. Furthermore, by manipulating the Fermi energies of two graphene layers, two coherent absorption peaks can move over a wide spectrum range, and our designed CPA can also be changed from dual-band CPA to narrowband CPA. Thus, our results can find some potential applications in the field of developing nanophotonic devices with excellent performance working at the mid-infrared regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Luo
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, 330013 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zi-Qiang Cheng
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, 330013 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang Zhai
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082 China
| | - Zhi-Min Liu
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, 330013 People’s Republic of China
| | - Si-Qi Li
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, 430074 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ping Liu
- College of Physics Science and Engineering Technology, Yichun University, Yichun, 336000 Jiangxi Province China
| | - Ling-Ling Wang
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082 China
| | - Qi Lin
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082 China
| | - Yan-Hong Zhou
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, 330013 People’s Republic of China
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21
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Meng H, Shang X, Xue X, Tang K, Xia S, Zhai X, Liu Z, Chen J, Li H, Wang L. Bidirectional and dynamically tunable THz absorber with Dirac semimetal. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:31062-31074. [PMID: 31684346 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.031062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Traditional absorbers are usually sandwich structures in which a metallic ground plane is employed to prevent the transmission. Such absorbers suffer from a major drawback that incident light can only irradiate from the front of the absorbers. In this paper, a novel absorber with bulk Dirac semimetal (BDS)-AlCuFe quasicrystals is proposed to realize bidirectional and dynamically tunable terahertz (THz) perfect absorption. The proposed structure consists of two layers of AlCuFe plates with rectangular apertures and a dielectric spacer. By adjusting transverse distance between the top and bottom rectangular apertures, perfect absorption could be realized under TM polarization. Simulation results show that perfect absorption can be obtained whether light irradiates from the front or back of the system, indicating a performance of bidirectional absorption. In addition, benefiting from the variable Fermi level of AlCuFe, the resonance frequency can be dynamically tuned in the THz range. Our work will stimulate more investigations on BDS-based bidirectional absorbers and optical modulators.
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22
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Dynamically Tunable Plasmon-Induced Transparency Based on Radiative–Radiative-Coupling in a Terahertz Metal–Graphene Metamaterial. CRYSTALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst9030146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
New technologies and materials with superior characteristics impel great development of functional devices in the terahertz field. The dynamically tunable plasmon-induced transparency (PIT) based on radiative–radiative-coupling in terahertz hybrid metal–graphene metamaterial is numerically investigated in this paper. For the active manipulation of the PIT device, the single-layer graphene is integrated into the proposed structure consisting of the split-ring-resonator (SRR) and the closed-ring-resonator (CRR). Dynamically adjusting Fermi energy in graphene leads to modulation of the PIT window, allowing for the active control of the group delay. From the simulated electrical field distributions and effective circuit model to analyze, the transmission spectrum modulation can be attributed to the altering in the energy loss of the dark mode resonator through the conduction effect of the graphene layer. Our work offers theoretical references for the development of slow light terahertz devices in the future.
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23
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Lao C, Liang Y, Wang X, Fan H, Wang F, Meng H, Guo J, Liu H, Wei Z. Dynamically Tunable Resonant Strength in Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) Analogue by Hybrid Metal-Graphene Metamaterials. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9020171. [PMID: 30704085 PMCID: PMC6409833 DOI: 10.3390/nano9020171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a novel method to realize a dynamically tunable analogue of EIT for the resonance strength rather than the resonance frequency is proposed in the terahertz spectrum. The introduced method is composed of a metal EIT-like structure, in which a distinct EIT phenomenon resulting from the near field coupling between bright and dark mode resonators can be obtained, as well as an integrated monolayer graphene ribbon under the dark mode resonator that can continuously adjust the resonance strength of transparency peak by changing the Fermi level of the graphene. Comparing structures that need to be modulated individually for each unit cell of the metamaterials, the proposed modulation mechanism was convenient for achieving synchronous operations for all unit cells. This work demonstrates a new platform of modulating the EIT analogue and paves the way to design terahertz functional devices which meet the needs of optical networks and terahertz communications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaode Lao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Yaoyao Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Xianjun Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Haihua Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Faqiang Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Hongyun Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Jianping Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Hongzhan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Zhongchao Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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24
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Guo C, Zhang J, Xu W, Liu K, Yuan X, Qin S, Zhu Z. Graphene-Based Perfect Absorption Structures in the Visible to Terahertz Band and Their Optoelectronics Applications. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8121033. [PMID: 30545038 PMCID: PMC6316068 DOI: 10.3390/nano8121033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Graphene has unique properties which make it an ideal material for photonic and optoelectronic devices. However, the low light absorption in monolayer graphene seriously limits its practical applications. In order to greatly enhance the light absorption of graphene, many graphene-based structures have been developed to achieve perfect absorption of incident waves. In this review, we discuss and analyze various types of graphene-based perfect absorption structures in the visible to terahertz band. In particular, we review recent advances and optoelectronic applications of such structures. Indeed, the graphene-based perfect absorption structures offer the promise of solving the key problem which limits the applications of graphene in practical optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chucai Guo
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
| | - Jianfa Zhang
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
| | - Wei Xu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
| | - Ken Liu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
| | - Xiaodong Yuan
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
| | - Shiqiao Qin
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
| | - Zhihong Zhu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
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25
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Feng X, Zou J, Xu W, Zhu Z, Yuan X, Zhang J, Qin S. Coherent perfect absorption and asymmetric interferometric light-light control in graphene with resonant dielectric nanostructures. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:29183-29191. [PMID: 30470084 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.029183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Engineering light absorption in graphene has been the focus of intensive research in the past few years. In this paper, we show numerically that coherent perfect absorption can be realized in monolayer graphene in the near infrared range by harnessing resonances of dielectric nanostructures. The asymmetry of the structure results in different optical responses for light illuminated from the top side and the substrate side and enables asymmetric interferometric light-light control. The absorbed and scattered light exhibit interesting nonlinear behavior, allowing switching a strong optical signal output with a weak light. This work may stimulate potential applications including new types of sensors, coherent photodetectors and all-optical logical devices.
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26
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Wang F, Huang S, Li L, Chen W, Xie Z. Dual-band tunable perfect metamaterial absorber based on graphene. APPLIED OPTICS 2018; 57:6916-6922. [PMID: 30129577 DOI: 10.1364/ao.57.006916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a dual-band perfect metamaterial absorber based on graphene is proposed in the terahertz region. The metamaterial absorber consists of two sizes of graphene disks and a gold film separated by a dielectric spacer in a unit cell. The numerical results demonstrate that the dual-band perfect absorption can be achieved by the superposition of the specific absorption peaks induced by different disks. The resonance frequency can be tuned via controlling the graphene conductivity and the sizes of the disks. The metamaterial absorber can achieve selectively frequency tunability and it can tune each resonance independently. And the dual-band absorption will not be changed when the small disks move along the diagonal within the range of our research. In addition, owing to the symmetry of the structure, the absorber is insensitive to polarization and can keep a high absorptivity with a wide angle. The flexible and simple design makes it possible for our proposed single-layer graphene absorber to be applied in many metamaterial fields, such as sensing, detecting, and cloaking objects.
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27
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Si J, Dong Z, Yu X, Deng X. Tunable polarization-independent dual-band coherent perfect absorber based on metal-graphene nanoring structure. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:21768-21777. [PMID: 30130878 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.021768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A dual-band polarization-independent coherent perfect absorber(CPA) based on metal-graphene nanostructure is proposed, which is composed of golden nanorings with different sizes on graphene monolayer. Based on the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) solutions, coherent perfect absorptions of the metal-graphene CPA are achieved at frequencies of 50.54 THz and 43.60 THz, which are resulted from the excited surface plasmon resonance induced by different size nanorings. Through varying the relative phase of two incident countering-propagating beams, the absorption peaks are all-optically tuned from 98.3 % and 98.4 % to nearly 0, respectively. By changing the gate-controlled Fermi energy of the graphene layer, the resonance frequencies of the CPA are tuned simultaneously without changing the geometrical parameters. And polarization independence of the metal-graphene CPA is revealed due to the center symmetry of nanoring structure. The electrical tunability of resonance frequency and polarization independence enable the proposed CPA to be widely applied in optoelectronic and engineering technology areas for tunable active multiple-band regulation and control.
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28
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Lv W, Bing J, Deng Y, Duan D, Zhu Z, Li Y, Guan C, Shi J. Polarization-controlled multifrequency coherent perfect absorption in stereometamaterials. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:17236-17244. [PMID: 30119537 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.017236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate polarization-controlled multifrequency coherent perfect absorption in stereometamaterials with twisted asymmetrically split rings. The coupling effects in stereometamaterials lead to the mode hybridization and thus multiple electric and magnetic resonances. The coherent perfect absorptions of electric and magnetic modes in stereometamaterials have been verified to be individually switched on/off by an interferometric effect of two counter-propagating coherent beams. The alternation of two orthogonal polarization states enables direct modulation of the operation frequencies of coherent perfect absorptions in both microwave and optical metamaterials. The work provides an opportunity to manipulate coherent perfect absorption and is helpful to design tunable multifrequency absorbers.
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29
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van de Groep J, Brongersma ML. Metasurface Mirrors for External Control of Mie Resonances. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:3857-3864. [PMID: 29787285 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b01148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The ability to control and structurally tune the optical resonances of semiconductor nanostructures has far-reaching implications for a wide range of optical applications, including photodetectors, (bio)sensors, and photovoltaics. Such control is commonly obtained by tailoring the nanostructure's geometry, material, or dielectric environment. Here, we combine insights from the field of coherent optics and metasurface mirrors to effectively turn Mie resonances on and off with high spatial control and in a polarization-dependent fashion. We illustrate this in an integrated device by manipulating the photocurrent spectra of a single-nanowire photodetector placed on a metasurface mirror. This approach can be generalized to control spectral, angle-dependent, absorption, and scattering properties of semiconductor nanostructures with an engineered metasurface and without a need to alter their geometric or materials properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorik van de Groep
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials , Stanford University , 476 Lomita Mall , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Mark L Brongersma
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials , Stanford University , 476 Lomita Mall , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
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30
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Xu Z, Wu D, Liu Y, Liu C, Yu Z, Yu L, Ye H. Design of a Tunable Ultra-Broadband Terahertz Absorber Based on Multiple Layers of Graphene Ribbons. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2018; 13:143. [PMID: 29744682 PMCID: PMC5943205 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-018-2552-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We propose and numerically demonstrate an ultra-broadband graphene-based metamaterial absorber, which consists of multi-layer graphene/dielectric on the SiO2 layer supported by a metal substrate. The simulated result shows that the proposed absorber can achieve a near-perfect absorption above 90% with a bandwidth of 4.8 Thz. Owing to the flexible tunability of graphene sheet, the state of the absorber can be switched from on (absorption > 90%) to off (reflection > 90%) in the frequencies range of 3-7.8 Thz by controlling the Fermi energy of graphene. Moreover, the absorber is insensitive to the incident angles. The broadband absorption can be maintained over 90% up to 50°. Importantly, the design is scalable to develop broader tunable terahertz absorbers by adding more graphene layers which may have wide applications in imaging, sensors, photodetectors, and modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenghui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Post and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876 China
| | - Dong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Post and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876 China
| | - Yumin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Post and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876 China
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Post and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876 China
| | - Zhongyuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Post and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876 China
| | - Li Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Post and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876 China
- School of Science, Beijing University of Post and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876 China
| | - Han Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Post and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876 China
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31
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Dey S, Singh S, Rao DN. High precision position sensor based on CPA in a composite multi-layered system. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:10079-10090. [PMID: 29715949 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We propose a scheme for high precision position sensing based on coherent perfect absorption (CPA) in a five-layered structure comprising three layers of metal-dielectric composites and two spacer (air) layers. Both the outermost interfaces of the five layered medium are irradiated by two identical coherent light waves at the same angle of incidence. We first investigate the occurrence of CPA in a symmetric layered structure as a function of different system parameters for oblique incidence. Thereafter, by shifting the middle layer, beginning from one end of the structure to the other, we observe the periodic occurrence of extremely narrow CPA resonances at several positions of the middle layer. Moreover this phenomenon is seen to recur even at many other wavelengths. We discuss how the position sensitivity of this phenomenon can be utilized for designing a CPA based high precision position sensing device.
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32
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Li Y, Argyropoulos C. Tunable nonlinear coherent perfect absorption with epsilon-near-zero plasmonic waveguides. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:1806-1809. [PMID: 29652369 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.001806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We propose a scheme to realize nonlinear coherent perfect absorption (CPA) at the nanoscale using epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) plasmonic waveguides. The general conditions to achieve CPA in a linear ENZ plasmonic waveguide are analyzed and presented. The proposed ENZ waveguides support an effective ENZ response at their cutoff frequency, where the CPA effect occurs under the illumination of two counterpropagating plane waves with equal amplitudes and appropriate phase distributions. In addition, the strong and uniform field enhancement inside the nanochannels of the waveguides at the ENZ resonance can efficiently boost Kerr nonlinearities, resulting in a new all-optical switching intensity-dependent CPA phenomenon that can be tunable with ultrafast speed. The proposed free-standing ENZ structures combine third-order nonlinear functionality with standing wave CPA interference effects in a nanoscale plasmonic configuration, thus leading to a novel degree of tunable light-matter interactions achieved in subwavelength regions. Our findings provide a new platform to efficiently excite nonlinear phenomena at the nanoscale and design tunable coherent perfect absorbers.
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33
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Huang S, Xie Z, Chen W, Lei J, Wang F, Liu K, Li L. Metasurface with multi-sized structure for multi-band coherent perfect absorption. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:7066-7078. [PMID: 29609392 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.007066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that multi-band coherent perfect absorption can be achieved at infrared frequencies by a metasurface in which four-sized columnar metal patches are separated by a dielectric layer in a unit cell. The absorption bandwidth is enhanced by three times compared with single-band absorption while high absorbance is maintained. The coherent perfect absorption is polarization-independent and can be independently modulated at each resonant frequency by tuning the phase difference of two coherent incident beams. Moreover, the resonant frequency is sensitive to the radius of the columnar patch, and thus a wide coherent perfect absorption frequency range can be obtained by adjusting the radius. Through optimizing the structural parameters, nearly perfect absorption at oblique incidence for both TE and TM polarizations are achieved. The optimized metasurface can be used as a beamsplitter at oblique incidence.
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Galiffi E, Pendry JB, Huidobro PA. Broadband Tunable THz Absorption with Singular Graphene Metasurfaces. ACS NANO 2018; 12:1006-1013. [PMID: 29323475 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b07951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
By exploiting singular spatial modulations of the graphene conductivity, we design a broadband, tunable THz absorber whose efficiency approaches the theoretical upper bound for a wide absorption band with a fractional bandwidth of 185%. Strong field enhancement is exhibited by the modes of this extended structure, which is able to excite a wealth of high-order surface plasmons, enabling deeply subwavelength focusing of incident THz radiation. Previous studies have shown that the conductivity can be modulated at GHz frequencies, which might lead to the development of efficient high-speed broadband switching by an atomically thin layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Galiffi
- Department of Physics, The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - John B Pendry
- Department of Physics, The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Paloma A Huidobro
- Department of Physics, The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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35
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Zhu W, Rukhlenko ID, Xiao F, He C, Geng J, Liang X, Premaratne M, Jin R. Multiband coherent perfect absorption in a water-based metasurface. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:15737-15745. [PMID: 28789086 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.015737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We design an ultrathin water-based metasurface capable of coherent perfect absorption (CPA) at radio frequencies. It is demonstrated that such a metasurface can almost completely absorb two symmetrically incident waves within four frequency bands, each having its own modulation depth of metasurface absorptivity. Specifically, the absorptivity at 557.2 MHz can be changed between 0.59% and 99.99% via the adjustment of the phase difference between the waves. The high angular tolerance of our metasurface is shown to enable strong CPA at oblique incidence, with the CPA frequency almost independent of the incident angle for TE waves and varying from 557.2 up to 584.2 MHz for TM waves. One can also reduce this frequency from 712.0 to 493.3 MHz while retaining strong coherent absorption by varying the water layer thickness. It is also show that the coherent absorption performance can be flexibly controlled by adjusting the temperature of water. The proposed metasurface is low-cost, biocompatible, and useful for electromagnetic modulation and switching.
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36
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Gao F, Zhu Z, Xu W, Zhang J, Guo C, Liu K, Yuan X, Qin S. Broadband wave absorption in single-layered and nonstructured graphene based on far-field interaction effect. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:9579-9586. [PMID: 28468340 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.009579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We present a wave absorption design consisting of periodical arrays of dielectric bricks on the dielectric substrate, which is coated with single-layered and nonstructured graphene, supported by a thick piece of metal. The design is demonstrated to broadband near-perfect absorption with 0.82 terahertz (THz) bandwidth of over 90% absorption and with central frequency of 1.68 THz. The broadband absorption mechanism originates from two contributions. Firstly, the periodical arrays of dielectric bricks on the nonstructured graphene can provide both a set of graphene plasmon resonances with large relative frequency interval and relative radiation rate γ/ω in the THz range. Secondly, the linewidth of each resonance can be broadened by the far-field interaction between neighboring resonators to overlap and spread over a wide frequency region in the THz range. The design in this paper is simple, and consequently facilitates the fabrication and promotes the application of broadband graphene absorbers.
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37
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Zhang X, Wu Y. Scheme for achieving coherent perfect absorption by anisotropic metamaterials. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:4860-4874. [PMID: 28380754 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.004860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We propose a unified scheme to achieve coherent perfect absorption of electromagnetic waves by anisotropic metamaterials. The scheme describes the condition on perfect absorption and offers an inverse design route based on effective medium theory in conjunction with retrieval method to determine practical metamaterial absorbers. The scheme is scalable to frequencies and applicable to various incident angles. Numerical simulations show that perfect absorption is achieved in the designed absorbers over a wide range of incident angles, verifying the scheme. By integrating these absorbers, we further propose an absorber to absorb energy from two coherent point sources.
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38
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Dynamical tuning between nearly perfect reflection, absorption, and transmission of light via graphene/dielectric structures. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38141. [PMID: 27917886 PMCID: PMC5137077 DOI: 10.1038/srep38141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Exerting well-defined control over the reflection (R), absorption (A), and transmission (T) of electromagnetic waves is a key objective in quantum optics. To this end, one often utilizes hybrid structures comprised of elements with different optical properties in order to achieve features such as high R or high A for incident light. A desirable goal would be the possibility to tune between all three regimes of nearly perfect reflection, absorption, and transmission within the same device, thus swapping between the cases R → 1, A → 1, and T → 1 dynamically. We here show that a dielectric interfaced with a graphene layer on each side allows for precisely this: by tuning only the Fermi level of graphene, all three regimes can be reached in the THz regime and below. Moreover, we show that the inclusion of cylindrical defects in the system offers a different type of control of the scattering of electromagnetic waves by means of the graphene layers.
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39
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Towards nano-optical tweezers with graphene plasmons: Numerical investigation of trapping 10-nm particles with mid-infrared light. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38086. [PMID: 27905527 PMCID: PMC5131484 DOI: 10.1038/srep38086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene plasmons are rapidly emerging as a versatile platform for manipulating light at the deep subwavelength scale. Here we show numerically that strong optical near-field forces can be generated under the illumination of mid-IR light when dielectric nanoparticles are located in the vicinity of a nanostructured graphene film. These near-field forces are attributed to the excitation of the graphene’s plasmonic mode. The optical forces can generate an efficient optical trapping potential for a 10-nm-diameter dielectric particle when the light intensity is only about about 4.4 mW/μm2 and provide possibilities for a new type of plasmonic nano-tweezers. Graphene plasmonic tweezers can be potentially exploited for optical manipulation of nanometric biomolecules and particles. Moreover, the optical trapping/tweezing can be combined with biosensing and provide a versatile platform for studing biology and chemistry with mid-IR light.
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40
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Zhu Z, Liu H, Wang D, Li YX, Guan CY, Zhang H, Shi JH. Coherent control of double deflected anomalous modes in ultrathin trapezoid-shaped slit metasurface. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37476. [PMID: 27874053 PMCID: PMC5118694 DOI: 10.1038/srep37476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Coherent light-matter interaction in ultrathin metamaterials has been demonstrated to dynamically modulate intensity, polarization and propagation direction of light. The gradient metasurface with a transverse phase variation usually exhibits an anomalous refracted beam of light dictated by so-called generalized Snell’s law. However, less attention has been paid to coherent control of the metasurface with multiple anomalous refracted beams. Here we propose an ultrathin gradient metasurface with single trapezoid-shaped slot antenna as its building block that allows one normal and two deflected transmitted beams. It is numerically demonstrated that such metasurface with multiple scattering modes can be coherently controlled to modulate output intensities by changing the relative phase difference between two counterpropagating coherent beams. Each mode can be coherently switched on/off and two deflected anomalous beams can be synchronously dictated by the phase difference. The coherent control effect in the trapezoid-shaped slit metasurface will offer a promising opportunity for multichannel signals modulation, multichannel sensing and wave front shaping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Zhu
- Key Laboratory of In-Fiber Integrated Optics of Ministry of Education, College of Science, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - H Liu
- Key Laboratory of In-Fiber Integrated Optics of Ministry of Education, College of Science, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - D Wang
- Key Laboratory of In-Fiber Integrated Optics of Ministry of Education, College of Science, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Y X Li
- Key Laboratory of In-Fiber Integrated Optics of Ministry of Education, College of Science, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - C Y Guan
- Key Laboratory of In-Fiber Integrated Optics of Ministry of Education, College of Science, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - H Zhang
- SZU-NUS Collaborative Innovation Centre for Optoelectronic Science &Technology, and Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - J H Shi
- Key Laboratory of In-Fiber Integrated Optics of Ministry of Education, College of Science, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China.,SZU-NUS Collaborative Innovation Centre for Optoelectronic Science &Technology, and Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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41
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Wu JH, Artoni M, La Rocca GC. Coherent perfect absorption in one-sided reflectionless media. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35356. [PMID: 27759020 PMCID: PMC5069497 DOI: 10.1038/srep35356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In optical experiments one-sided reflectionless (ORL) and coherent perfect absorption (CPA) are unusual scattering properties yet fascinating for their fundamental aspects and for their practical interest. Although these two concepts have so far remained separated from each other, we prove that the two phenomena are indeed strictly connected. We show that a CPA–ORL connection exists between pairs of points lying along lines close to each other in the 3D space-parameters of a realistic lossy atomic photonic crystal. The connection is expected to be a generic feature of wave scattering in non-Hermitian optical media encompassing, as a particular case, wave scattering in parity-time (PT) symmetric media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hui Wu
- Center for Quantum Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - M Artoni
- Department of Engineering and Information Technology &Istituto Nazionale Ottica (INO-CNR), Brescia University, 25133 Brescia, Italy
| | - G C La Rocca
- Scuola Normale Superiore and CNISM, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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42
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Urade Y, Nakata Y, Nakanishi T, Kitano M. Broadband and energy-concentrating terahertz coherent perfect absorber based on a self-complementary metasurface. OPTICS LETTERS 2016; 41:4472-4475. [PMID: 27749858 DOI: 10.1364/ol.41.004472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that a self-complementary checkerboard-like metasurface works as a broadband coherent perfect absorber (CPA) when symmetrically illuminated by two counter-propagating incident waves. A theoretical analysis based on wave interference and the results of numerical simulations of the proposed metasurface are provided. In addition, we experimentally demonstrate the proposed CPA in the terahertz regime by using a time-domain spectroscopy technique. We observe that the metasurface can work as a CPA below its lowest diffraction frequency. The size of the absorptive areas of the proposed CPA can be much smaller than the incident wavelength. Unlike conventional CPAs, the presented one simultaneously achieves the broadband operation and energy concentration of electromagnetic waves at the deep-subwavelength scale.
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43
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Linder J, Halterman K. Graphene-based extremely wide-angle tunable metamaterial absorber. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31225. [PMID: 27554137 PMCID: PMC4995520 DOI: 10.1038/srep31225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate the absorption properties of graphene-based anisotropic metamaterial structures where the metamaterial layer possesses an electromagnetic response corresponding to a near-zero permittivity. We find that through analytical and numerical studies, near perfect absorption arises over an unusually broad range of beam incidence angles. Due to the presence of graphene, the absorption is tunable via a gate voltage, providing dynamic control of the energy transmission. We show that this strongly enhanced absorption arises due to a coupling between light and a fast wave-mode propagating along the graphene/metamaterial hybrid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Linder
- Department of Physics, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Klaus Halterman
- Michelson Lab, Physics Division, Naval Air Warfare Center, China Lake, California 93555
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44
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Liu W, Zhang J, Zhu Z, Yuan X, Qin S. Electrically Tunable Absorption Enhancement with Spectral and Polarization Selectivity through Graphene Plasmonic Light Trapping. NANOMATERIALS 2016; 6:nano6090155. [PMID: 28335283 PMCID: PMC5224643 DOI: 10.3390/nano6090155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, anisotropic graphene plasmonic structures are explored for light trapping and absorption enhancement in surrounding media. It is shown that electrically tunable and versatile spectral and polarization selectivity can be realized. Particularly, it is possible to control absorption of the incident light’s polarization component at a specific wavelength by varying the Fermi energy with suitable geometric designs. It may find applications for new types of infrared and THz photodetectors and will promote the research of other novel polarization devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Liu
- College of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
| | - Jianfa Zhang
- College of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
| | - Zhihong Zhu
- College of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
| | - Xiaodong Yuan
- College of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
| | - Shiqiao Qin
- College of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
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45
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Coherent control of light-matter interactions in polarization standing waves. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31141. [PMID: 27514307 PMCID: PMC4981885 DOI: 10.1038/srep31141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate that standing waves formed by two coherent counter-propagating light waves can take a variety of forms, offering new approaches to the interrogation and control of polarization-sensitive light-matter interactions in ultrathin (subwavelength thickness) media. In contrast to familiar energy standing waves, polarization standing waves have constant electric and magnetic energy densities and a periodically varying polarization state along the wave axis. counterintuitively, anisotropic ultrathin (meta)materials can be made sensitive or insensitive to such polarization variations by adjusting their azimuthal angle.
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46
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Kim TY, Badsha MA, Yoon J, Lee SY, Jun YC, Hwangbo CK. General Strategy for Broadband Coherent Perfect Absorption and Multi-wavelength All-optical Switching Based on Epsilon-Near-Zero Multilayer Films. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22941. [PMID: 26965195 PMCID: PMC4786804 DOI: 10.1038/srep22941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose a general, easy-to-implement scheme for broadband coherent perfect absorption (CPA) using epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) multilayer films. Specifically, we employ indium tin oxide (ITO) as a tunable ENZ material, and theoretically investigate CPA in the near-infrared region. We first derive general CPA conditions using the scattering matrix and the admittance matching methods. Then, by combining these two methods, we extract analytic expressions for all relevant parameters for CPA. Based on this theoretical framework, we proceed to study ENZ CPA in a single layer ITO film and apply it to all-optical switching. Finally, using an ITO multilayer of different ENZ wavelengths, we implement broadband ENZ CPA structures and investigate multi-wavelength all-optical switching in the technologically important telecommunication window. In our design, the admittance matching diagram was employed to graphically extract not only the structural parameters (the film thicknesses and incident angles), but also the input beam parameters (the irradiance ratio and phase difference between two input beams). We find that the multi-wavelength all-optical switching in our broadband ENZ CPA system can be fully controlled by the phase difference between two input beams. The simple but general design principles and analyses in this work can be widely used in various thin-film devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Young Kim
- Department of Physics, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Alamgir Badsha
- Department of Physics, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Yoon
- Department of Physics, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Young Lee
- Department of Physics, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Chul Jun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Kwon Hwangbo
- Department of Physics, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
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47
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Recent Advances in Graphene-Assisted Nonlinear Optical Signal Processing. JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1155/2016/7031913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Possessing a variety of remarkable optical, electronic, and mechanical properties, graphene has emerged as an attractive material for a myriad of optoelectronic applications. The wonderful optical properties of graphene afford multiple functions of graphene based polarizers, modulators, transistors, and photodetectors. So far, the main focus has been on graphene based photonics and optoelectronics devices. Due to the linear band structure allowing interband optical transitions at all photon energies, graphene has remarkably large third-order optical susceptibilityχ(3), which is only weakly dependent on the wavelength in the near-infrared frequency range. The graphene-assisted four-wave mixing (FWM) based wavelength conversions have been experimentally demonstrated. So, we believe that the potential applications of graphene also lie in nonlinear optical signal processing, where the combination of its unique largeχ(3)nonlinearities and dispersionless over the wavelength can be fully exploited. In this review article, we give a brief overview of our recent progress in graphene-assisted nonlinear optical device and their applications, including degenerate FWM based wavelength conversion of quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) signal, phase conjugated wavelength conversion by degenerate FWM and transparent wavelength conversion by nondegenerate FWM, two-input and three-input high-base optical computing, and high-speed gate-tunable terahertz coherent perfect absorption (CPA) using a split-ring graphene.
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48
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Xiao S, Wang T, Liu Y, Xu C, Han X, Yan X. Tunable light trapping and absorption enhancement with graphene ring arrays. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:26661-26669. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp03731c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Graphene ring arrays are proposed to introduce tunable light trapping and enhance the absorption in the surrounding light-absorbing materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyuan Xiao
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430074
- People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430074
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yuebo Liu
- School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering
- South China Normal University
- Guangzhou 510006
- People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of Physics
- New Mexico State University
- Las Cruces 88001
- USA
| | - Xu Han
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430074
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xicheng Yan
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430074
- People's Republic of China
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49
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Hu X, Wang J. High-speed gate-tunable terahertz coherent perfect absorption using a split-ring graphene. OPTICS LETTERS 2015; 40:5538-5541. [PMID: 26625045 DOI: 10.1364/ol.40.005538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We exploit split-ring graphene to realize coherent perfect absorption (CPA) in the terahertz (THz) regime. By controlling the relative phase of two counter-propagating coherent beams, the coherent absorption at resonant frequency of 2.91 THz can be tuned continuously from 99.7% to less than 2.1×10(-4)%, which gives a modulation contrast of 56.7 dB. Moreover, the coherent absorption also can be tuned by varying the gate-controlled Fermi energy based on the electro-absorption effect of graphene, giving a modulation contrast of 19 dB. Center frequency tunable CPA is also achieved using gate-tunable split-ring graphene. We discuss the tolerance of the geometric parameters (radii of the inner and outer circles, gap aperture) and study the device performance dependence on the relative intensities of two input beams and the angle between two input beams. Additionally, the response time of the device is analyzed to be ∼36 ps, which indicates possible high-speed gate-tunable THz CPA operations.
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50
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Xiong F, Zhang J, Zhu Z, Yuan X, Qin S. Ultrabroadband, More than One Order Absorption Enhancement in Graphene with Plasmonic Light Trapping. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16998. [PMID: 26582477 PMCID: PMC4652214 DOI: 10.1038/srep16998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents an comprehensive study of light trapping and absorption enhancement in graphene through metallic plasmonic structures and shows a strategy to realize both ultrabroadband and strong absorption enhancement. Three different plasmonic absorber designs are investigated by numerical simulations. The excitation of localized plasmons in the metallic structures significantly enhances the interactions between graphene and light at the resonances. By employing a splitted cross design for plasmonic resonant antennas and integrating two types of sub-antennas with different sizes, more than 30% of optical absorption in monolayer graphene is realized in a ultrabroad spectral range from 780 to 1760 nm. This enhancement functionality can be translated to any wavelength band from ultraviolet to terahertz ranges by modifying the geometric design of the plasmonic structure and can be applied for other two dimensional materials and their heterogeneous structures. It may significantly improve the efficiency of optical devices such as broadband photodetectors and solar cells based on graphene and other two-dimensional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xiong
- College of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China
| | - Jianfa Zhang
- College of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China
| | - Zhihong Zhu
- College of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China.,State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China
| | - Xiaodong Yuan
- College of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China
| | - Shiqiao Qin
- College of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China.,State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China
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