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Yang J, Bao Q. Enhancing perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells through numerical optical and electric optimizations for light management. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:8614-8622. [PMID: 38571116 DOI: 10.1364/oe.513887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
We integrated optical and electrical numerical simulations to precisely investigate the effectiveness of using a pyramidal perovskite (Cs0.18FA0.82Pb(I,Br)3) nanostructured film as an example in perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells to reduce reflective losses and balance the current densities. Through our calculations, the PCE of tandem solar cells can be improved from 29.2% (the planar structures without texturing) to 36.1% in the best-performing textured tandem devices under the consistently calculated absorbed and EQE spectrum, where the predicted open-circuit voltage could reach over 2 V. These findings offer valuable theoretical insights for the advancement and optimization of perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells.
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2
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Bărar A, Maclean SA, Dănilă O, Taylor AD. Towards High-Efficiency Photon Trapping in Thin-Film Perovskite Solar Cells Using Etched Fractal Metadevices. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16113934. [PMID: 37297068 DOI: 10.3390/ma16113934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Reflective loss is one of the main factors contributing to power conversion efficiency limitation in thin-film perovskite solar cells. This issue has been tackled through several approaches, such as anti-reflective coatings, surface texturing, or superficial light-trapping metastructures. We report detailed simulation-based investigations on the photon trapping capabilities of a standard Methylammonium Lead Iodide (MAPbI3) solar cell, with its top layer conveniently designed as a fractal metadevice, to reach a reflection value R<0.1 in the visible domain. Our results show that, under certain architecture configurations, reflection values below 0.1 are obtained throughout the visible domain. This represents a net improvement when compared to the 0.25 reflection yielded by a reference MAPbI3 having a plane surface, under identical simulation conditions. We also present the minimum architectural requirements of the metadevice by comparing it to simpler structures of the same family and performing a comparative study. Furthermore, the designed metadevice presents low power dissipation and exhibits approximately similar behavior regardless of the incident polarization angle. As a result, the proposed system is a viable candidate for being a standard requirement in obtaining high-efficiency perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Bărar
- Electronic Technology and Reliability Department, Polytechnic University of Bucharest, 060082 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Stephen Akwei Maclean
- Chemical Engineering Department, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
| | - Octavian Dănilă
- Physics Department, Polytechnic University of Bucharest, 060082 Bucharest, Romania
| | - André D Taylor
- Chemical Engineering Department, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
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3
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Li J, Duan C, Zhang Q, Chen C, Wen Q, Qin M, Chan CCS, Zou S, Wei J, Xiao Z, Zuo C, Lu X, Wong KS, Fan Z, Yan K. Self-Generated Buried Submicrocavities for High-Performance Near-Infrared Perovskite Light-Emitting Diode. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 15:125. [PMID: 37188867 PMCID: PMC10185725 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01097-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Embedding submicrocavities is an effective approach to improve the light out-coupling efficiency (LOCE) for planar perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs). In this work, we employ phenethylammonium iodide (PEAI) to trigger the Ostwald ripening for the downward recrystallization of perovskite, resulting in spontaneous formation of buried submicrocavities as light output coupler. The simulation suggests the buried submicrocavities can improve the LOCE from 26.8 to 36.2% for near-infrared light. Therefore, PeLED yields peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) increasing from 17.3% at current density of 114 mA cm-2 to 25.5% at current density of 109 mA cm-2 and a radiance increasing from 109 to 487 W sr-1 m-2 with low rolling-off. The turn-on voltage decreased from 1.25 to 1.15 V at 0.1 W sr-1 m-2. Besides, downward recrystallization process slightly reduces the trap density from 8.90 × 1015 to 7.27 × 1015 cm-3. This work provides a self-assembly method to integrate buried output coupler for boosting the performance of PeLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiong Li
- School of Environment and Energy, State Key Lab of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenghao Duan
- School of Environment and Energy, State Key Lab of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510000, People's Republic of China
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianpeng Zhang
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Chen
- School of Environment and Energy, State Key Lab of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaoyun Wen
- School of Environment and Energy, State Key Lab of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510000, People's Republic of China
| | - Minchao Qin
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Christopher C S Chan
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shibing Zou
- School of Environment and Energy, State Key Lab of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwu Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuo Xiao
- Center for Excellence in Nanoscience (CAS), Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication (CAS), National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuantian Zuo
- Center for Excellence in Nanoscience (CAS), Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication (CAS), National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhui Lu
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kam Sing Wong
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Fan
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Keyou Yan
- School of Environment and Energy, State Key Lab of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510000, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Tomšič Š, Jošt M, Brecl K, Topič M, Lipovšek B. Energy Yield Modeling for Optimization and Analysis of Perovskite‐Silicon Tandem Solar Cells Under Realistic Outdoor Conditions. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202200931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Špela Tomšič
- University of Ljubljana Faculty of Electrical Engineering Tržaška 25 Si‐1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Marko Jošt
- University of Ljubljana Faculty of Electrical Engineering Tržaška 25 Si‐1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Kristijan Brecl
- University of Ljubljana Faculty of Electrical Engineering Tržaška 25 Si‐1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Marko Topič
- University of Ljubljana Faculty of Electrical Engineering Tržaška 25 Si‐1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Benjamin Lipovšek
- University of Ljubljana Faculty of Electrical Engineering Tržaška 25 Si‐1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
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5
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Gholipoor M, Solhtalab N, Mohammadi MH. High-performance parallel tandem MoTe2/perovskite solar cell based on reduced graphene oxide as hole transport layer. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20455. [DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25015-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractRecently, the impressive achievements accomplished in multijunction (tandem) perovskite solar cells have triggered a huge research effort to boost their performance. Here, using a three-dimensional (3D) finite element method (FEM) technique, we propose and investigate a parallel tandem PSCs consisting of two absorbing layers of MoTe2 and CH3NH3PbI3 with cascaded bandgaps to more efficiently use the near-infrared (NIR) solar spectrum. Endowed with a bandgap of about 1 eV, the MoTe2 layer in conjunction with a CH3NH3PbI3 layer is able to broaden the light absorption range of structure beyond the wavelength of 800 nm, up to 1200 nm. In addition to this, the MoTe2 material can not only appreciably harvest light even with a thickness as low as 20 nm due to their high absorption coefficient, but also make a perfect band alignment with the CH3NH3PbI3 layer. As a result, the proposed multijunction PCS yields a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.52% with a VOC of 0.83 V, Jsc of 26.25 mA/cm2, and FF of 0.84, which is considerably greater than its corresponding single-junction PSCs with PCE, VOC, Jsc, and FF of, 14.01%, 1.14 V, 15.20 mA/cm2, and 0.81, respectively. Furthermore, to mitigate the VOC loss caused by the low bandgap of MoTe2, we demonstrate an increase in VOC from 0.84 to 0.928 V and in PCE from 18.52% to 20.32%, when we replace a reduced graphene oxide (rGO) layer with Spiro-OMeTAD layer as a hole transport layer (HTL).
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6
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Sidhik S, Wang Y, De Siena M, Asadpour R, Torma AJ, Terlier T, Ho K, Li W, Puthirath AB, Shuai X, Agrawal A, Traore B, Jones M, Giridharagopal R, Ajayan PM, Strzalka J, Ginger DS, Katan C, Alam MA, Even J, Kanatzidis MG, Mohite AD. Deterministic fabrication of 3D/2D perovskite bilayer stacks for durable and efficient solar cells. Science 2022; 377:1425-1430. [PMID: 36137050 DOI: 10.1126/science.abq7652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Realizing solution-processed heterostructures is a long-enduring challenge in halide perovskites because of solvent incompatibilities that disrupt the underlying layer. By leveraging the solvent dielectric constant and Gutmann donor number, we could grow phase-pure two-dimensional (2D) halide perovskite stacks of the desired composition, thickness, and bandgap onto 3D perovskites without dissolving the underlying substrate. Characterization reveals a 3D-2D transition region of 20 nanometers mainly determined by the roughness of the bottom 3D layer. Thickness dependence of the 2D perovskite layer reveals the anticipated trends for n-i-p and p-i-n architectures, which is consistent with band alignment and carrier transport limits for 2D perovskites. We measured a photovoltaic efficiency of 24.5%, with exceptional stability of T99 (time required to preserve 99% of initial photovoltaic efficiency) of >2000 hours, implying that the 3D/2D bilayer inherits the intrinsic durability of 2D perovskite without compromising efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siraj Sidhik
- Department of Material Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Yafei Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.,School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Michael De Siena
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Reza Asadpour
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Andrew J Torma
- Applied Physics Graduate Program, Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Tanguy Terlier
- Shared Equipment Authority, Secure and Intelligent Micro-Systems (SIMS) Laboratory, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Kevin Ho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Wenbin Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.,Applied Physics Graduate Program, Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Anand B Puthirath
- Department of Material Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Xinting Shuai
- Department of Material Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Ayush Agrawal
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Boubacar Traore
- École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR), Univ Rennes, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR)-UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Matthew Jones
- Department of Material Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | | | - Pulickel M Ajayan
- Department of Material Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Joseph Strzalka
- X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - David S Ginger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Claudine Katan
- École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR), Univ Rennes, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR)-UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Muhammad Ashraful Alam
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jacky Even
- Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA) Rennes, Univ Rennes, CNRS, Institut Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l'Information (FOTON)-UMR 6082, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Mercouri G Kanatzidis
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Aditya D Mohite
- Department of Material Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
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7
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Kumar A, Singh S, Pandey R. Computational Modelling and Optimization of a Methylammonium‐free Perovskite and Ga‐free Chalcogenide Tandem Solar Cell with an Efficiency above 25 %. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anjan Kumar
- Microelectronics Lab National Institute of Technology Patna 800005 India
- VLSI Research Centre GLA University Mathura 281406 India
| | - Sangeeta Singh
- Microelectronics Lab National Institute of Technology Patna 800005 India
| | - Rahul Pandey
- VLSI Centre of Excellence Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology Chitkara University Punjab India
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8
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Yu JC, Li B, Dunn CJ, Yan J, Diroll BT, Chesman ASR, Jasieniak JJ. High-Performance and Stable Semi-Transparent Perovskite Solar Cells through Composition Engineering. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2201487. [PMID: 35621278 PMCID: PMC9353478 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Semi-transparent perovskite solar cells (ST-PeSCs) have tremendous potential as solar windows owing to their higher efficiency and visible transmittance. However, studies toward this application are still nascent, particularly in unraveling the interplay between how the perovskite composition impacts the achievable device performance and stability. Here, the role of A- and X-site modification in APbX3 perovskites is studied to understand their influence on these factors. Through detailed experimental and simulation work, it is found that a perovskite composition consisting of cesium (Cs) and formamidinium (FA) at the A-site delivers the best device performance over a range of band gaps, which are tuned by changes to the X-site anion. Using this optimized perovskite composition, power conversion efficiencies of 15.5% and 4.1% are achieved for ST-PeSCs with average visible transmittance values between 20.7% and 52.4%, respectively. Furthermore, the CsFA-based ST-PeSCs show excellent long-term stability under continuous illumination and heating. The stability of the precursor solutions across each of the studied compositions has also been considered, showing dramatic differences in the structural properties of the perovskites and their device performance for all mixed A-site compositions possessing the archetypal methyl ammonium species, while also confirming the superior stability of the CsFA precursor solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Choul Yu
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton ScienceDepartment of Materials Science and EngineeringMonash UniversityClaytonVictoria3800Australia
| | - Bin Li
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton ScienceDepartment of Materials Science and EngineeringMonash UniversityClaytonVictoria3800Australia
| | | | - Junlin Yan
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton ScienceDepartment of Materials Science and EngineeringMonash UniversityClaytonVictoria3800Australia
| | - Benjamin T. Diroll
- Center for Nanoscale MaterialsArgonne National LaboratoryLemontIL60439USA
| | - Anthony S. R. Chesman
- CSIRO ManufacturingResearch WayClaytonVictoria3168Australia
- Melbourne Centre for NanofabricationClaytonVictoria3168Australia
| | - Jacek J. Jasieniak
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton ScienceDepartment of Materials Science and EngineeringMonash UniversityClaytonVictoria3800Australia
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9
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McDonald C, Sai H, Svrcek V, Kogo A, Miyadera T, Murakami TN, Chikamatsu M, Yoshida Y, Matsui T. In Situ Grown Nanocrystalline Si Recombination Junction Layers for Efficient Perovskite-Si Monolithic Tandem Solar Cells: Toward a Simpler Multijunction Architecture. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:33505-33514. [PMID: 35849506 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c05662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The perovskite-Si tandem is an attractive avenue to attain greater power conversion efficiency (PCE) than their respective single-junction solar cells. However, such devices generally employ complex stacks with numerous deposition steps, which are rather unattractive from an industrial perspective. Here, we develop a simplified tandem architecture consisting of a perovskite n-i-p stack on a silicon heterojunction structure without applying the typically used indium-tin-oxide (ITO) recombination junction (RJ) layer between the top and bottom cells. It is demonstrated that an n-type hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si:H) grown in situ on an amorphous silicon hole contact layer of the bottom cell acts as an efficient RJ layer, leading to a high open-circuit voltage (VOC) of >1.8 V and a PCE of 21.4% without optimizing the optical design. Compared to the tandem cell with an ITO RJ layer, the nc-Si:H RJ layer not only improves light management but also achieves a higher VOC due to superior contact properties with an overlying SnO2 electron transport layer of the perovskite top cell. Omitting the costly material and its deposition step offers the opportunity toward realizing industrially feasible high-efficiency tandem solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calum McDonald
- Global Zero Emission Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sai
- Global Zero Emission Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Vladimir Svrcek
- Global Zero Emission Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kogo
- Global Zero Emission Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiko Miyadera
- Global Zero Emission Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Takurou N Murakami
- Global Zero Emission Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Masayuki Chikamatsu
- Global Zero Emission Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Yuji Yoshida
- Global Zero Emission Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Takuya Matsui
- Global Zero Emission Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
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10
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Santbergen R, Vogt MR, Mishima R, Hino M, Uzu H, Adachi D, Yamamoto K, Zeman M, Isabella O. Ray-optics study of gentle non-conformal texture morphologies for perovskite/silicon tandems. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:5608-5617. [PMID: 35209519 DOI: 10.1364/oe.448545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We investigate gentle front side textures for perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells. These textures enhance the absorption of sunlight, yet are sufficiently gentle to allow deposition of an efficient perovskite top cell. We present a tandem solar cell with such gentle texture, fabricated by Kaneka corporation, with an efficiency as high as 28.6%. We perform an extensive ray-optics study, exploring non-conformal textures at the front and rear side of the perovskite layer. Our results reveal that a gentle texture with steepness of only 23° can be more optically efficient than conventional textures with more than double that steepness. We also show that the observed anti-reflective effect of such gentle textures is not based a double bounce, but on light trapping by total internal reflection. As a result, the optical effects of the encapsulation layers play an important role, and have to be accounted for when evaluating the texture design for perovskite/silicon tandems.
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11
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Nanostructured Top Contact as an Alternative to Transparent Conductive Oxides in Tandem Perovskite/c-Si Solar Cells. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12041854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the competition of solar cell efficiency, besides top-performance multijunction cells, tandem cells based on perovskites are also breaking efficiency records to enter into the 30% range. Their design takes advantage of the rapid development of perovskite cells, and the good sharing of the available spectrum between the perovskite, absorbing at short wavelengths, and the c-Si or similar lower band gap material, working at longer wavelengths. In this paper, we present a novel tandem solar cell that combines crystalline silicon (c-Si) and perovskites cells. We analyzed the device with computational electromagnetism based on the finite element method. Our design arranges the perovskite solar cell as a multilayer 1D grating, which is terminated with a gold thin film (top metallic contact). This multilayer nanostructure is placed on top of the c-Si cell and a thin protective dielectric layer of aluminum nitride covers the whole device. The short-circuit current of the perovskite cell is maximized by maintaining the current-matching conditions with the output from the c-Si cell. This optimization considers the geometrical parameters of the grating: period and thickness of the active layer of the perovskite cell. We compared the simulated short-circuit current of this device to the planar tandem solar cell with indium tin oxide (top contact). The comparison shows a slight increment, around 3%, of our device’s performance. Moreover, it has the potential capability to circumvent postprocessing procedures used with transparent contact oxides, which can reduce the device’s final efficiency. Furthermore, our proposed design can take advantage of photolithographic and nanoimprint techniques, enabling large-scale production at a relatively low cost.
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12
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Lin J, Wang D, Yao S, Zhong Y, Peng L, Shi T, Chen J, Liu X. Optoelectronic Simulation of Four-terminal All-inorganic CsPbI3/CZTSSe Tandem Solar Cell with High Power Conversion Efficiency. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:22746-22755. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02302d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Tandem solar cells based on perovskite have been gaining ever-increasing attention for applications in photovoltaics. Here we stack the wide-bandgap CsPbI3 top subcell with the low-bandgap Kesterite Cu2ZnSnSxSe(4-x) (CZTSSe) bottom...
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13
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Dimensional Optimization of TiO2 Nanodisk Photonic Crystals on Lead Iodide (MAPbI3) Perovskite Solar Cells by Using FDTD Simulations. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app12010351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSC) are currently exhibiting reproducible high efficiency, low-cost manufacturing, and scalable electron transport layers (ETL), which are becoming increasingly important. The application of photonic crystals (PC) on solar cells has been proven to enhance light harvesting and lead solar cells to adjust the propagation and distribution of photons. In this paper, the optimization of a two-dimensional nanodisk PC introduced in ETL with an organic-inorganic lead-iodide perovskite (methylammonium lead-iodide, MAPbI3) as the absorber layer was studied. A finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation was used to evaluate the optical performance of PSC with various lattice constants and a radius of nanodisk photonic crystals. According to the simulation, the optimum lattice constant and PC radius applied to ETL are 500 nm and 225 nm, respectively. This optimum design enhances PSC absorption performance by more than 94% of incident light.
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Cho C, Jang YW, Lee S, Vaynzof Y, Choi M, Noh JH, Leo K. Effects of photon recycling and scattering in high-performance perovskite solar cells. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabj1363. [PMID: 34936442 PMCID: PMC8694589 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj1363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Efficient external radiation is essential for solar cells to achieve high power conversion efficiency (PCE). The classical limit of 1/2n2 (n, refractive index) for electroluminescence quantum efficiency (ELQE) has recently been approached by perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Photon recycling (PR) and light scattering can provide an opportunity to surpass this limit. We investigate the role of PR and scattering in practical device operation using a radiative PSC with an ELQE (13.7% at 1 sun) that significantly surpasses the classical limit (7.4%). We experimentally analyze the contributions of PR and scattering to this strong radiation. A novel optical model reveals an increase of 39 mV in the voltage of our PSC. This analysis can provide design principles for future PSCs to approach the Shockley-Queisser efficiency limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsoon Cho
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Corresponding author. (C.C.); (J.H.N.); (K.L.)
| | - Yeoun-Woo Jang
- Global Frontier Center for Multiscale Energy Systems, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungmin Lee
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yana Vaynzof
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mansoo Choi
- Global Frontier Center for Multiscale Energy Systems, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hong Noh
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Energy and Environment (KU-KIST Green School), Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author. (C.C.); (J.H.N.); (K.L.)
| | - Karl Leo
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Corresponding author. (C.C.); (J.H.N.); (K.L.)
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15
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Cho C, Antrack T, Kroll M, An Q, Bärschneider TR, Fischer A, Meister S, Vaynzof Y, Leo K. Electrical Pumping of Perovskite Diodes: Toward Stimulated Emission. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2101663. [PMID: 34240575 PMCID: PMC8425921 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202101663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The success of metal halide perovskites in photovoltaic and light-emitting diodes (LEDs) motivates their application as a solid-state thin-film laser. Various perovskites have shown optically pumped stimulated emission of lasing and amplified spontaneous emission (ASE), yet the ultimate goal of electrically pumped stimulated emission has not been achieved. As an essential step toward this goal, here, a perovskite diode structure that simultaneously exhibits stable operation at high current density (≈1 kA cm-2 ) and optically excited ASE (with a threshold of 180 µJ cm-2 ) is reported. This diode structure achieves an electroluminescence quantum efficiency of 0.8% at 850 A cm-2 , which is estimated to be ≈3% of the charge carrier population required to reach ASE in the same device. It is shown that the formation of a large angle waveguide mode and the reduction of parasitic absorption losses are two major design principles for diodes to obtain a positive gain for stimulated emission. In addition to its prospect as a perovskite laser, a new application of electrically pumped ASE is proposed as an ideal perovskite LED architecture allowing 100% external radiation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsoon Cho
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP)Technische Universität DresdenNöthnizer straße 61Dresden01187Germany
- Present address:
Cavendish LaboratoryDepartment of PhysicsUniversity of CambridgeJ.J. Thomson AvenueCambridgeCB3 0HEUK
| | - Tobias Antrack
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP)Technische Universität DresdenNöthnizer straße 61Dresden01187Germany
| | - Martin Kroll
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP)Technische Universität DresdenNöthnizer straße 61Dresden01187Germany
| | - Qingzhi An
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP)Technische Universität DresdenNöthnizer straße 61Dresden01187Germany
- Centre for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed)Technische Universität DresdenHelmholtzstraße 18Dresden01069Germany
| | - Toni R. Bärschneider
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP)Technische Universität DresdenNöthnizer straße 61Dresden01187Germany
| | - Axel Fischer
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP)Technische Universität DresdenNöthnizer straße 61Dresden01187Germany
| | - Stefan Meister
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP)Technische Universität DresdenNöthnizer straße 61Dresden01187Germany
| | - Yana Vaynzof
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP)Technische Universität DresdenNöthnizer straße 61Dresden01187Germany
- Centre for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed)Technische Universität DresdenHelmholtzstraße 18Dresden01069Germany
| | - Karl Leo
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP)Technische Universität DresdenNöthnizer straße 61Dresden01187Germany
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16
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Julien A, Puel JB, Lopez-Varo P, Guillemoles JF, Collin S. Backside light management of 4-terminal bifacial perovskite/silicon tandem PV modules evaluated under realistic conditions. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:37487-37504. [PMID: 33379582 DOI: 10.1364/oe.405713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite/silicon tandem modules have recently attracted growing interest as a potential candidate for new generations of solar modules. Combined with a bifacial configuration it can lead to considerable energy yield improvement in comparison to conventional monofacial tandem solar modules. Optical modeling is crucial to analyze the optical losses of perovskite/silicon solar modules and achieve efficient light management. In this article we study the optical properties of four-terminal bifacial tandem modules, using metal-halide perovskite top solar cell and a conventional industrial crystalline silicon PERC bottom solar cell. We propose a method to analyze bifacial gains, improve back side light management and challenge it under realistic spectral conditions at several locations with various albedos. We show that both optimized designs for the back side show comparable advantages at all locations. These results are a good sign for the standardization of bifacial four-terminal perovskite/silicon modules.
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17
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Ko Y, Park H, Lee C, Kang Y, Jun Y. Recent Progress in Interconnection Layer for Hybrid Photovoltaic Tandems. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2002196. [PMID: 33048400 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid tandem solar cells offer the benefits of low cost and full solar spectrum utilization. Among the hybrid tandem structures explored to date, the most popular ones have four (simple stacking design) or two (terminal/tunneling layer addition design) terminal electrodes. Although the latter design is more cost-effective than the former, its widespread application is hindered by the difficulty of preparing an interface between two solar cell materials. The oldest approach to the in-series bonding of two or more bandgap solar cells relies on the introduction of a tunneling layer in multijunction III-V solar cells, but it has some limitations, e.g., the related materials/technologies are applicable only to III-V and certain other solar cells. Thus, alternative methods of realizing junction contacts based on the use of novel materials are highly sought after. Here, the strategies used to realize high-performance tandem cells are described, focusing on interface control in terms of bonding two or more solar cells for tandem approaches. The presented information is expected to aid the establishment of ideal methods of connecting two or more solar cells to obtain the highest performance for different solar cell choices with minimized energy loss through the interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohan Ko
- Graduate School of Energy and Environment (KU-KIST Green School), Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - HyunJung Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanyong Lee
- Graduate School of Energy and Environment (KU-KIST Green School), Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonmook Kang
- Graduate School of Energy and Environment (KU-KIST Green School), Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongseok Jun
- Graduate School of Energy and Environment (KU-KIST Green School), Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
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18
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Efficient energy transfer mitigates parasitic light absorption in molecular charge-extraction layers for perovskite solar cells. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5525. [PMID: 33139733 PMCID: PMC7606526 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19268-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic semiconductors are commonly used as charge-extraction layers in metal-halide perovskite solar cells. However, parasitic light absorption in the sun-facing front molecular layer, through which sun light must propagate before reaching the perovskite layer, may lower the power conversion efficiency of such devices. Here, we show that such losses may be eliminated through efficient excitation energy transfer from a photoexcited polymer layer to the underlying perovskite. Experimentally observed energy transfer between a range of different polymer films and a methylammonium lead iodide perovskite layer was used as basis for modelling the efficacy of the mechanism as a function of layer thickness, photoluminescence quantum efficiency and absorption coefficient of the organic polymer film. Our findings reveal that efficient energy transfer can be achieved for thin (≤10 nm) organic charge-extraction layers exhibiting high photoluminescence quantum efficiency. We further explore how the morphology of such thin polymer layers may be affected by interface formation with the perovskite.
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19
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Sabzyan H, Ghaderi F. Computational study of iron perovskite CH 3NH 3FeI 3as an alternative to the lead perovskite CH 3NH 3PbI 3for application in solar cells. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:465501. [PMID: 32521527 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab9b4f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Structural and optical properties of methylammonium iron iodide perovskite CH3NH3FeI3are studied at DFT-PBE(mBJ)/FP-LAPW + lo level of theory to assess feasibility of the replacement of the toxic lead with the non-toxic iron in the perovskite layer of solar cells. Starting from experimental crystal structure of the Pb perovskite, volume and aspect ratio (c/a) and atomic positions are optimized for the CH3NH3FeI3structure, and its electronic and optical characteristics are calculated. An index, measuring the raw optical performance of the light harvesting layer of a solar cell is introduced and calculated for the two Fe and Pb perovskites. Comparative values of this index shows that the iron perovskite CH3NH3FeI3has an acceptable optical performance, ∼61% that of the Pb perovskite CH3NH3PbI3. Analysis of the Brewster angles (θB) calculated for the TiO2/perovskite and perovskite/spiro interfaces shows that the Fe perovskite solar cell can have better optical harvesting performance by a factor of 1.32, which improves its comparative overall performance up to 80%. As a conclusion, application of iron perovskite CH3NH3FeI3is promising, especially due to its much lower costs and significantly alleviated environmental hazards of the incorporating solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Sabzyan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, I. R. Iran
| | - Forouzan Ghaderi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, I. R. Iran
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20
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Perovskite Solar Cell with Added Gold/Silver Nanoparticles: Enhanced Optical and Electrical Characteristics. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13153854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Different perovskite materials, such as methylammonium lead triiodide MAPbI3, exhibit many outstanding and desirable properties in solar energy harvesting. In this paper, the enhancement of perovskite solar cells’ both optical and electrical characteristics through adding either gold (Au) or silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) using different simulations was studied. The used plasmonic nanoparticles were found to be able to compensate for the low absorption of MAPbI3 in the visible with optical coupling resonance frequencies close to that spectrum. Optimal diameters of Au and Ag NPs were found and simulated, and their impact on different parameters such as transmission, absorption, reflection, external quantum efficiency (EQE), open circuit voltage, short-circuit current density, fill factor, and most importantly, efficiency of the perovskite solar cell, have been investigated.
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21
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Singh M, Santbergen R, Syifai I, Weeber A, Zeman M, Isabella O. Comparing optical performance of a wide range of perovskite/silicon tandem architectures under real-world conditions. NANOPHOTONICS 2020; 10:2043-2057. [PMID: 36406046 PMCID: PMC9646241 DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2020-0643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Since single junction c-Si solar cells are reaching their practical efficiency limit. Perovskite/c-Si tandem solar cells hold the promise of achieving greater than 30% efficiencies. In this regard, optical simulations can deliver guidelines for reducing the parasitic absorption losses and increasing the photocurrent density of the tandem solar cells. In this work, an optical study of 2, 3 and 4 terminal perovskite/c-Si tandem solar cells with c-Si solar bottom cells passivated by high thermal-budget poly-Si, poly-SiOx and poly-SiCx is performed to evaluate their optical performance with respect to the conventional tandem solar cells employing silicon heterojunction bottom cells. The parasitic absorption in these carrier selective passivating contacts has been quantified. It is shown that they enable greater than 20 mA/cm2 matched implied photocurrent density in un-encapsulated 2T tandem architecture along with being compatible with high temperature production processes. For studying the performance of such tandem devices in real-world irradiance conditions and for different locations of the world, the effect of solar spectrum and angle of incidence on their optical performance is studied. Passing from mono-facial to bi-facial tandem solar cells, the photocurrent density in the bottom cell can be increased, requiring again optical optimization. Here, we analyse the effect of albedo, perovskite thickness and band gap as well as geographical location on the optical performance of these bi-facial perovskite/c-Si tandem solar cells. Our optical study shows that bi-facial 2T tandems, that also convert light incident from the rear, require radically thicker perovskite layers to match the additional current from the c-Si bottom cell. For typical perovskite bandgap and albedo values, even doubling the perovskite thickness is not sufficient. In this respect, lower bandgap perovskites are very interesting for application not only in bi-facial 2T tandems but also in related 3T and 4T tandems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manvika Singh
- Delft University of Technology, PVMD group, Mekelweg 4, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Rudi Santbergen
- Delft University of Technology, PVMD group, Mekelweg 4, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Indra Syifai
- Delft University of Technology, PVMD group, Mekelweg 4, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Arthur Weeber
- Delft University of Technology, PVMD group, Mekelweg 4, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands
- TNO Energy Transition, Solar Energy, Westerduinweg 3, 1755 LE, Petten, The Netherlands
| | - Miro Zeman
- Delft University of Technology, PVMD group, Mekelweg 4, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Olindo Isabella
- Delft University of Technology, PVMD group, Mekelweg 4, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands
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22
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Mohsen AA, Zahran M, Habib SED, Allam NK. Refractory plasmonics enabling 20% efficient lead-free perovskite solar cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6732. [PMID: 32317720 PMCID: PMC7174308 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63745-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Core-shell refractory plasmonic nanoparticles are used as excellent nanoantennas to improve the efficiency of lead-free perovskite solar cells (PSCs). SiO2 is used as the shell coating due to its high refractive index and low extinction coefficient, enabling the control over the sunlight directivity. An optoelectronic model is developed using 3D finite element method (FEM) as implemented in COMSOL Multiphysics to calculate the optical and electrical parameters of plain and ZrN/SiO2-modified PSCs. For a fair comparison, ZrN-decorated PSCs are also simulated. While the decoration with ZrN nanoparticles boosts the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the PSC from 12.9% to 17%, the use of ZrN/SiO2 core/shell nanoparticles shows an unprecedented enhancement in the PCE to reach 20%. The enhancement in the PCE is discussed in details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Mohsen
- Energy Materials Laboratory (EML), School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt
- Nanotechnology Laboratory, Electronics Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Zahran
- Nanotechnology Laboratory, Electronics Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - S E D Habib
- Electronics and Communications, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nageh K Allam
- Energy Materials Laboratory (EML), School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt.
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23
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Elshorbagy MH, López-Fraguas E, Chaudhry FA, Sánchez-Pena JM, Vergaz R, García-Cámara B. A monolithic nanostructured-perovskite/silicon tandem solar cell: feasibility of light management through geometry and materials selection. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2271. [PMID: 32041982 PMCID: PMC7010828 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58978-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of several layers of different materials, taking advantage of their complementary bandgap energies, improves the absorption in multi-junction solar cells. Unfortunately, the inherent efficiency increment of this strategy has a limitation: each interface introduces optical losses. In this paper, we study the effects of materials and geometry in the optical performance of a nanostructured hybrid perovskite - silicon tandem solar cell. Our proposed design increases the performance of both subcells by managing light towards the active layer, as well as by minimizing reflections losses in the interfaces. We sweep both refractive index and thickness of the transport layers and the dielectric spacer composing the metasurface, obtaining a range of these parameters for the proper operation of the device. Using these values, we obtain a reduction in the optical losses, in particular they are more than a 33% lower than those of a planar cell, mainly due to a reduction of the reflectivity in the device. This approach leads to an enhancement in the optical response, widens the possibilities for the manufacturers to use different materials, and allows wide geometrical tolerances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud H Elshorbagy
- GDAF-UC3M, Department Tecnología Electrónica, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Avda. Universidad, 30. Leganés, Madrid, Spain
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, 61519, El-Minya, Egypt
| | - Eduardo López-Fraguas
- GDAF-UC3M, Department Tecnología Electrónica, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Avda. Universidad, 30. Leganés, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fateh A Chaudhry
- GDAF-UC3M, Department Tecnología Electrónica, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Avda. Universidad, 30. Leganés, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel Sánchez-Pena
- GDAF-UC3M, Department Tecnología Electrónica, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Avda. Universidad, 30. Leganés, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Vergaz
- GDAF-UC3M, Department Tecnología Electrónica, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Avda. Universidad, 30. Leganés, Madrid, Spain
| | - Braulio García-Cámara
- GDAF-UC3M, Department Tecnología Electrónica, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Avda. Universidad, 30. Leganés, Madrid, Spain.
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24
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Bett AJ, Winkler KM, Bivour M, Cojocaru L, Kabakli ÖŞ, Schulze PSC, Siefer G, Tutsch L, Hermle M, Glunz SW, Goldschmidt JC. Semi-Transparent Perovskite Solar Cells with ITO Directly Sputtered on Spiro-OMeTAD for Tandem Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:45796-45804. [PMID: 31774645 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b17241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite silicon tandem solar cells have the potential to overcome the efficiency limit of single-junction solar cells. For both monolithic and mechanically stacked tandem devices, a semi-transparent perovskite top solar cell, including a transparent contact, is required. Usually, this contact consists of a metal oxide buffer layer and a sputtered transparent conductive oxide. In this work, semi-transparent perovskite solar cells in the regular n-i-p structure are presented with tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) directly sputtered on the hole conducting material Spiro-OMeTAD. ITO process parameters such as sputter power, temperature, and pressure in the chamber are systematically varied. While a low temperature of 50 °C is crucial for good device performance, a low sputter power has only a slight effect, and an increased chamber pressure has no influence on device performance. For the 5 × 5 mm2 perovskite cell with a planar front side, a 105 nm thick ITO layer with a sheet resistance of 44 Ω sq-1 allowing for the omission of grid fingers and a MgF2 antireflection coating are used to improve transmission into the solar cells. The best device achieved an efficiency of 14.8%, which would result in 24.2% in a four-terminal tandem configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Bett
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE , Heidenhofstrasse 2 , 79110 Freiburg , Germany
| | - Kristina M Winkler
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE , Heidenhofstrasse 2 , 79110 Freiburg , Germany
| | - Martin Bivour
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE , Heidenhofstrasse 2 , 79110 Freiburg , Germany
| | - Ludmila Cojocaru
- Laboratory for Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, Department for Sustainable Systems Engineering (INATECH) , University of Freiburg , Emmy-Noether-Strasse 2 , 79110 Freiburg , Germany
| | - Özde Ş Kabakli
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE , Heidenhofstrasse 2 , 79110 Freiburg , Germany
| | - Patricia S C Schulze
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE , Heidenhofstrasse 2 , 79110 Freiburg , Germany
| | - Gerald Siefer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE , Heidenhofstrasse 2 , 79110 Freiburg , Germany
| | - Leonard Tutsch
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE , Heidenhofstrasse 2 , 79110 Freiburg , Germany
| | - Martin Hermle
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE , Heidenhofstrasse 2 , 79110 Freiburg , Germany
| | - Stefan W Glunz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE , Heidenhofstrasse 2 , 79110 Freiburg , Germany
- Laboratory for Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, Department for Sustainable Systems Engineering (INATECH) , University of Freiburg , Emmy-Noether-Strasse 2 , 79110 Freiburg , Germany
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25
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Tucher N, Höhn O, Murthy JN, Martinez JC, Steiner M, Armbruster A, Lorenz E, Bläsi B, Goldschmidt JC. Energy yield analysis of textured perovskite silicon tandem solar cells and modules. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:A1419-A1430. [PMID: 31684495 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.0a1419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite silicon tandem solar cells combine potentially low production costs with the ability to surpass the efficiency limit of silicon single junction solar cells. Optical modeling and optimization are crucial to achieve this ambitious goal in the near future. The optimization should seek to maximize the energy yield based on realistic environmental conditions. This work analyzes the energy yield of perovskite silicon tandem solar cells and modules based on realistic experimental data, with a special focus on the investigation of surface textures at the front and rear side of the solar cell and its implication for reflection as well as parasitic absorption properties. The investigation reveals a 7.3%rel higher energy yield for an encapsulated tandem cell with a textured front side compared with an encapsulated high efficiency single junction solar cell with 24.3% harvesting efficiency for irradiance data of the year 2014 in Freiburg/Germany.
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26
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Dewi HA, Wang H, Li J, Thway M, Sridharan R, Stangl R, Lin F, Aberle AG, Mathews N, Bruno A, Mhaisalkar S. Highly Efficient Semitransparent Perovskite Solar Cells for Four Terminal Perovskite-Silicon Tandems. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:34178-34187. [PMID: 31442024 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b13145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tandem solar cells (SCs) based on perovskite and silicon represent an exciting possibility for a breakthrough in photovoltaics, enhancing SC power conversion efficiency (PCE) beyond the single-junction limit while keeping the production cost low. A critical aspect to push the tandem PCE close to its theoretical limit is the development of high-performing semitransparent perovskite top cells, which also allow suitable near-infrared transmission. Here, we have developed highly efficient semitransparent perovskite SCs (PSCs) based on both mesoporous and planar architectures, employing Cs0.05(MA0.17FA0.83)0.95Pb(I0.83Br0.17)3 and FA0.87Cs0.13PbI2Br perovskites with band gaps of 1.58 and 1.72 eV, respectively, which achieved PCEs well above 17 and 14% by detailed control of the deposition methods, thickness, and optical transparency of the interlayers and the semitransparent electrode. By combining our champion 1.58 eV PSCs (PCE of 17.7%) with an industrial-relevant low-cost n-type Si SCs, a four-terminal (4T) tandem efficiency of 25.5% has been achieved. Moreover, for the first time, 4T tandem SCs' performances have been measured in the low light intensity regime, achieving a PCE of 26.6%, corresponding to revealing a relative improvement above 9% compared to the standard 1 sun illumination condition. These results are very promising for their implementation under field-operating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herlina Arianita Dewi
- Energy Research Institute@NTU (ERI@N) , Nanyang Technological University , 637553 Singapore
| | - Hao Wang
- Energy Research Institute@NTU (ERI@N) , Nanyang Technological University , 637553 Singapore
| | - Jia Li
- Energy Research Institute@NTU (ERI@N) , Nanyang Technological University , 637553 Singapore
| | - Maung Thway
- Solar Energy Research Institute of Singapore (SERIS) , National University of Singapore , 117574 Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , National University of Singapore , 117583 Singapore
| | - Ranjani Sridharan
- Solar Energy Research Institute of Singapore (SERIS) , National University of Singapore , 117574 Singapore
| | - Rolf Stangl
- Solar Energy Research Institute of Singapore (SERIS) , National University of Singapore , 117574 Singapore
| | - Fen Lin
- Solar Energy Research Institute of Singapore (SERIS) , National University of Singapore , 117574 Singapore
| | - Armin G Aberle
- Solar Energy Research Institute of Singapore (SERIS) , National University of Singapore , 117574 Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , National University of Singapore , 117583 Singapore
| | - Nripan Mathews
- Energy Research Institute@NTU (ERI@N) , Nanyang Technological University , 637553 Singapore
- School of Materials Science & Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 639798 Singapore
| | - Annalisa Bruno
- Energy Research Institute@NTU (ERI@N) , Nanyang Technological University , 637553 Singapore
| | - Subodh Mhaisalkar
- Energy Research Institute@NTU (ERI@N) , Nanyang Technological University , 637553 Singapore
- School of Materials Science & Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 639798 Singapore
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27
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Hossain MI, Qarony W, Ma S, Zeng L, Knipp D, Tsang YH. Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells: From Detailed Balance Limit Calculations to Photon Management. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2019; 11:58. [PMID: 34138021 PMCID: PMC7770688 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-019-0287-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Energy conversion efficiency losses and limits of perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells are investigated by detailed balance calculations and photon management. An extended Shockley-Queisser model is used to identify fundamental loss mechanisms and link the losses to the optics of solar cells. Photon management is used to minimize losses and maximize the energy conversion efficiency. The influence of photon management on the solar cell parameters of a perovskite single-junction solar cell and a perovskite/silicon solar cell is discussed in greater details. An optimized solar cell design of a perovskite/silicon tandem solar cell is presented, which allows for the realization of solar cells with energy conversion efficiencies exceeding 32%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad I Hossain
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wayesh Qarony
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Sainan Ma
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Longhui Zeng
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Dietmar Knipp
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Yuen Hong Tsang
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
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28
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Neukom MT, Schiller A, Züfle S, Knapp E, Ávila J, Pérez-Del-Rey D, Dreessen C, Zanoni KPS, Sessolo M, Bolink HJ, Ruhstaller B. Consistent Device Simulation Model Describing Perovskite Solar Cells in Steady-State, Transient, and Frequency Domain. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:23320-23328. [PMID: 31180209 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b04991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A variety of experiments on vacuum-deposited methylammonium lead iodide perovskite solar cells are presented, including JV curves with different scan rates, light intensity-dependent open-circuit voltage, impedance spectra, intensity-modulated photocurrent spectra, transient photocurrents, and transient voltage step responses. All these experimental data sets are successfully reproduced by a charge drift-diffusion simulation model incorporating mobile ions and charge traps using a single set of parameters. While previous modeling studies focused on a single experimental technique, we combine steady-state, transient, and frequency-domain simulations and measurements. Our study is an important step toward quantitative simulation of perovskite solar cells, leading to a deeper understanding of the physical effects in these materials. The analysis of the transient current upon voltage turn-on in the dark reveals that the charge injection properties of the interfaces are triggered by the accumulation of mobile ionic defects. We show that the current rise of voltage step experiments allow for conclusions about the recombination at the interface. Whether one or two mobile ionic species are used in the model has only a minor influence on the observed effects. A delayed current rise observed upon reversing the bias from +3 to -3 V in the dark cannot be reproduced yet by our drift-diffusion model. We speculate that a reversible chemical reaction of mobile ions with the contact material may be the cause of this effect, thus requiring a future model extension. A parameter variation is performed in order to understand the performance-limiting factors of the device under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin T Neukom
- Institute of Computational Physics , Zurich University of Applied Sciences , Wildbachstr. 21 , 8401 Winterthur , Switzerland
- Fluxim AG , Loft 313, Katharina-Sulzer-Platz 2 , 8400 Winterthur , Switzerland
- Institute of Physics , University of Augsburg , 86135 Augsburg , Germany
| | - Andreas Schiller
- Institute of Computational Physics , Zurich University of Applied Sciences , Wildbachstr. 21 , 8401 Winterthur , Switzerland
- Fluxim AG , Loft 313, Katharina-Sulzer-Platz 2 , 8400 Winterthur , Switzerland
| | - Simon Züfle
- Institute of Computational Physics , Zurich University of Applied Sciences , Wildbachstr. 21 , 8401 Winterthur , Switzerland
- Fluxim AG , Loft 313, Katharina-Sulzer-Platz 2 , 8400 Winterthur , Switzerland
| | - Evelyne Knapp
- Institute of Computational Physics , Zurich University of Applied Sciences , Wildbachstr. 21 , 8401 Winterthur , Switzerland
| | - Jorge Ávila
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular , Universidad de Valencia , C/J. Beltrán 2 , 46980 Paterna , Spain
| | - Daniel Pérez-Del-Rey
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular , Universidad de Valencia , C/J. Beltrán 2 , 46980 Paterna , Spain
| | - Chris Dreessen
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular , Universidad de Valencia , C/J. Beltrán 2 , 46980 Paterna , Spain
| | - Kassio P S Zanoni
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular , Universidad de Valencia , C/J. Beltrán 2 , 46980 Paterna , Spain
| | - Michele Sessolo
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular , Universidad de Valencia , C/J. Beltrán 2 , 46980 Paterna , Spain
| | - Henk J Bolink
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular , Universidad de Valencia , C/J. Beltrán 2 , 46980 Paterna , Spain
| | - Beat Ruhstaller
- Institute of Computational Physics , Zurich University of Applied Sciences , Wildbachstr. 21 , 8401 Winterthur , Switzerland
- Fluxim AG , Loft 313, Katharina-Sulzer-Platz 2 , 8400 Winterthur , Switzerland
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29
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Efficient Light Management in a Monolithic Tandem Perovskite/Silicon Solar Cell by Using a Hybrid Metasurface. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9050791. [PMID: 31126065 PMCID: PMC6566752 DOI: 10.3390/nano9050791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Solar energy is now dealing with the challenge of overcoming the Shockley–Queisser limit of single bandgap solar cells. Multilayer solar cells are a promising solution as the so-called third generation of solar cells. The combination of materials with different bandgap energies in multijunction cells enables power conversion efficiencies up to 30% at reasonable costs. However, interfaces between different layers are critical due to optical losses. In this work, we propose a hybrid metasurface in a monolithic perovskite-silicon solar cell. The design takes advantage of light management to optimize the absorption in the perovskite, as well as an efficient light guiding towards the silicon subcell. Furthermore, we have also included the effect of a textured back contact. The optimum proposal provides an enhancement of the matched short-circuit current density of a 20.5% respect to the used planar reference.
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Wang Z, Song Z, Yan Y, Liu S(F, Yang D. Perovskite-a Perfect Top Cell for Tandem Devices to Break the S-Q Limit. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1801704. [PMID: 30989024 PMCID: PMC6446597 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201801704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Up to now, multijunction cell design is the only successful way demonstrated to overcome the Shockley-Quiesser limit for single solar cells. Perovskite materials have been attracting ever-increasing attention owing to their large absorption coefficient, tunable bandgap, low cost, and easy fabrication process. With their rapidly increased power conversion efficiency, organic-inorganic metal halide perovskite-based solar cells have demonstrated themselves as the most promising candidates for next-generation photovoltaic applications. In fact, it is a dream come true for researchers to finally find a perfect top-cell candidate in tandem device design in commercially developed solar cells like single-crystalline silicon and CIGS cells used as the bottom component cells. Here, the recent progress of multijunction solar cells is reviewed, including perovskite/silicon, perovskite/CIGS, perovskite/perovskite, and perovskite/polymer multijunction cells. In addition, some perspectives on using these solar cells in emerging markets such as in portable devices, Internet of Things, etc., as well as an outlook for perovskite-based multijunction solar cells are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Wang
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean EnergyiChEMDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences457 Zhongshan RoadDalian116023China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Zhaoning Song
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and CommercializationUniversity of ToledoToledoOH43606USA
| | - Yanfa Yan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and CommercializationUniversity of ToledoToledoOH43606USA
| | - Shengzhong (Frank) Liu
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean EnergyiChEMDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences457 Zhongshan RoadDalian116023China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid ChemistryMinistry of EducationShaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringShaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an710119China
| | - Dong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid ChemistryMinistry of EducationShaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringShaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an710119China
- Materials Science and EngineeringPenn StateUniversity ParkPA16802USA
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31
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The Influence of Embedded Plasmonic Nanostructures on the Optical Absorption of Perovskite Solar Cells. PHOTONICS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics6020037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of light with plasmonic nanostructures can induce electric field intensity either around or at the surface of the nanostructures. The enhanced intensity of the electric field can increase the probability of light absorption in the active layer of solar cells. The absorption edge of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), which is almost 800 nm, can be raised to higher wavelengths with the help of plasmonic nanostructures due to their perfect photovoltaic characteristics. We placed plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) with different radii (20–60 nm) within the bulk of the perovskite solar cell and found that the Au nanoparticles with a radius of 60 nm increased the absorption of the cell by 20% compared to the bare one without Au nanoparticles. By increasing the radius of the nanoparticles, the total absorption of the cell will increase because of the scattering enhancement. The results reveal that the best case is the PSC with the NP radius of 60 nm.
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32
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Ramos FJ, Jutteau S, Posada J, Bercegol A, Rebai A, Guillemot T, Bodeux R, Schneider N, Loones N, Ory D, Broussillou C, Goaer G, Lombez L, Rousset J. Highly efficient MoO x-free semitransparent perovskite cell for 4 T tandem application improving the efficiency of commercially-available Al-BSF silicon. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16139. [PMID: 30382171 PMCID: PMC6208347 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34432-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, the fabrication of MoOx-free semitransparent perovskite solar cells (PSC) with Power Conversion Efficiencies (PCE) up to 15.7% is reported. Firstly, opaque PSCs up to 19.7% were fabricated. Then, the rear metal contact was replaced by a highly transparent and conductive indium tin oxide (ITO) film, directly sputtered onto the hole selective layer, without any protective layer between Spiro-OMeTAD and rear ITO. To the best of our knowledge, this corresponds to the most efficient buffer layer-free semitransparent PSC ever reported. Using time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) technique on both sides of the semitransparent PSC, Spiro-OMeTAD/perovskite and perovskite/TiO2 interfaces were compared, confirming the great quality of Spiro-OMeTAD/perovskite interface, even after damage-less ITO sputtering, where degradation phenomena result less important than for perovskite/TiO2 one. Finally, a 4-terminal tandem was built combining semitransparent PSC with a commercially-available Aluminium Back Surface Field (Al-BSF) silicon wafer. That silicon wafer presents PCE = 19.52% (18.53% after being reduced to cell size), and 5.75% once filtered, to generate an overall 4 T tandem efficiency of 21.18% in combination with our champion large semitransparent PSC of 15.43%. It means an absolute increase of 1.66% over the original silicon wafer efficiency and a 2.65% over the cut Si cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Javier Ramos
- IPVF, Ile-de-France Photovoltaic Institute (IPVF), 30 Route Départementale 128, 91120, Palaiseau, France.
- CNRS, Ile-de-France Photovoltaic Institute (IPVF), UMR 9006, 30 route départementale 128, 91120, Palaiseau, France.
| | - Sebastien Jutteau
- IPVF, Ile-de-France Photovoltaic Institute (IPVF), 30 Route Départementale 128, 91120, Palaiseau, France
- EDF R&D, 30 Route Départementale 128, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Jorge Posada
- IPVF, Ile-de-France Photovoltaic Institute (IPVF), 30 Route Départementale 128, 91120, Palaiseau, France
- EDF R&D, 30 Route Départementale 128, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Adrien Bercegol
- IPVF, Ile-de-France Photovoltaic Institute (IPVF), 30 Route Départementale 128, 91120, Palaiseau, France
- EDF R&D, 30 Route Départementale 128, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Amelle Rebai
- IPVF, Ile-de-France Photovoltaic Institute (IPVF), 30 Route Départementale 128, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Thomas Guillemot
- Licorne Laboratory, ECE Paris, 37 quai de Grenelle, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Romain Bodeux
- IPVF, Ile-de-France Photovoltaic Institute (IPVF), 30 Route Départementale 128, 91120, Palaiseau, France
- EDF R&D, 30 Route Départementale 128, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Nathanaelle Schneider
- IPVF, Ile-de-France Photovoltaic Institute (IPVF), 30 Route Départementale 128, 91120, Palaiseau, France
- CNRS, Ile-de-France Photovoltaic Institute (IPVF), UMR 9006, 30 route départementale 128, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Nicolas Loones
- IPVF, Ile-de-France Photovoltaic Institute (IPVF), 30 Route Départementale 128, 91120, Palaiseau, France
- EDF R&D, 30 Route Départementale 128, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Daniel Ory
- IPVF, Ile-de-France Photovoltaic Institute (IPVF), 30 Route Départementale 128, 91120, Palaiseau, France
- EDF R&D, 30 Route Départementale 128, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Cedric Broussillou
- Photowatt, EDF ENR PWT, 33 rue Saint-Honoré, Z.I. Champfleuri, 38300, Bourgoin-Jallieu, France
| | - Gilles Goaer
- Photowatt, EDF ENR PWT, 33 rue Saint-Honoré, Z.I. Champfleuri, 38300, Bourgoin-Jallieu, France
| | - Laurent Lombez
- IPVF, Ile-de-France Photovoltaic Institute (IPVF), 30 Route Départementale 128, 91120, Palaiseau, France
- CNRS, Ile-de-France Photovoltaic Institute (IPVF), UMR 9006, 30 route départementale 128, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Jean Rousset
- IPVF, Ile-de-France Photovoltaic Institute (IPVF), 30 Route Départementale 128, 91120, Palaiseau, France.
- EDF R&D, 30 Route Départementale 128, 91120, Palaiseau, France.
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Kanda H, Shibayama N, Uzum A, Umeyama T, Imahori H, Ibi K, Ito S. Effect of Silicon Surface for Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells: Flat or Textured? ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:35016-35024. [PMID: 30215502 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b08701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite and textured silicon solar cells were integrated into a tandem solar cell through a stacking method. To consider the effective structure of silicon solar cells for perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells, the optic and photovoltaic properties of textured and flat silicon surfaces were compared using mechanical-stacking-tandem of two- and four-terminal structures by perovskite layers on crystal silicon wafers. The reflectance of the texture silicon surface in the range of 750-1050 nm could be reduced more than that of the flat silicon surface (from 2.7 to 0.8%), which resulted in increases in average incident photon to current conversion efficiency values (from 83.0 to 88.0%) and current density (from 13.7 to 14.8 mA/cm2). Using the texture surface of silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells, the significant conversion efficiency of 21.4% was achieved by four-terminal device, which was an increase of 2.4% from that of SHJ solar cells alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kanda
- Department of Materials and Synchrotron Radiation Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering , University of Hyogo , 2167 Shosha , Himeji 671-0121 , Hyogo , Japan
| | - Naoyuki Shibayama
- Department of Materials and Synchrotron Radiation Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering , University of Hyogo , 2167 Shosha , Himeji 671-0121 , Hyogo , Japan
| | - Abdullah Uzum
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering , Karadeniz Technical University , Trabzon 61080 , Turkey
| | | | | | - Koji Ibi
- Choshu Industry Co., Ltd. , 3740 Shin-Yamanoi , Sanyo-Onoda 757-0003 , Yamaguchi , Japan
| | - Seigo Ito
- Department of Materials and Synchrotron Radiation Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering , University of Hyogo , 2167 Shosha , Himeji 671-0121 , Hyogo , Japan
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34
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Manzoor S, Häusele J, Bush KA, Palmstrom AF, Carpenter J, Yu ZJ, Bent SF, Mcgehee MD, Holman ZC. Optical modeling of wide-bandgap perovskite and perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells using complex refractive indices for arbitrary-bandgap perovskite absorbers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:27441-27460. [PMID: 30469811 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.027441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Wide-bandgap perovskites are attractive top-cell materials for tandem photovoltaic applications. Comprehensive optical modeling is essential to minimize the optical losses of state-of-the-art perovskite/perovskite, perovskite/CIGS, and perovskite/silicon tandems. Such models require accurate optical constants of wide-bandgap perovskites. Here, we report optical constants determined with ellipsometry and spectrophotometry for two new wide-bandgap, cesium-formamidinium-based perovskites. We validate the optical constants by comparing simulated quantum efficiency and reflectance spectra with measured cell results for semi-transparent single-junction perovskite cells and find less than 0.3 mA/cm2 error in the short-circuit current densities. Such simulations further reveal that reflection and parasitic absorption in the front ITO layer and electron contact are responsible for the biggest optical losses. We also show that the complex refractive index of methylammonium lead triiodide, the most common perovskite absorber for solar cells, can be used to generate approximate optical constants for an arbitrary wide-bandgap perovskite by translating the data along the wavelength axis. Finally, these optical constants are used to map the short-circuit current density of a textured two-terminal perovskite/silicon tandem solar cell as a function of the perovskite thickness and bandgap, providing a guide to nearly 20 mA/cm2 matched current density with any perovskite bandgap between 1.56 and 1.68 eV.
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35
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Tucher N, Höhn O, Goldschmidt JC, Bläsi B. Optical modeling of structured silicon-based tandem solar cells and module stacks. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:A761-A768. [PMID: 30184835 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.00a761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Silicon-based tandem solar cells and modules are complex systems that require optical modeling for the optimization towards highest efficiencies. The fact that such devices typically incorporate surface structures of different optical regimes poses high requirements to the involved simulation tools. The OPTOS formalism is ideally suited to deal with such complexity. Within this work OPTOS is extended in order to calculate the layer resolved absorptance in silicon-based tandem solar cells and module stacks. After describing the relevant mathematical details, a good agreement between OPTOS absorptance simulation results and EQE measurements of the current 33.3% record efficiency III-V on silicon two-terminal tandem solar cell is found. Furthermore, a detailed loss analysis is performed for an exemplary perovskite silicon solar cell with and without module encapsulation. The comparison reveals a lower photocurrent density for the module stack due to increased reflectance and absorption in the EVA.
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36
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Bittkau K, Kirchartz T, Rau U. Optical design of spectrally selective interlayers for perovskite/silicon heterojunction tandem solar cells. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:A750-A760. [PMID: 30184834 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.00a750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Monolithic perovskite/c-Si tandem solar cells have the potential to exceed the Shockley-Queisser limit for single junction solar cells. However, reflection losses at internal interfaces play a crucial role for the overall efficiency of the tandem devices. Significant reflection losses are caused by the charge selective contacts which have a significantly lower refractive index compared to the absorber materials. Here, we present an approach to overcome a significant part of these reflection losses by introducing a multilayer stack between the top and bottom cell which shows spectrally selective transmission/reflection behavior. The layer stack is designed and optimized by optical simulations using transfer matrix method and a genetic algorithm. The incident sun light is split into a direct part and an isotropic diffuse part. The tandem solar cell with interlayer shows an absolute improvement of short-circuit current density of 0.82 mA/cm2.
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37
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Altazin S, Stepanova L, Werner J, Niesen B, Ballif C, Ruhstaller B. Design of perovskite/crystalline-silicon monolithic tandem solar cells. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:A579-A590. [PMID: 29801275 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.00a579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present an optical model implemented in the commercial software SETFOS 4.6 for simulating perovskite/silicon monolithic tandem solar cells that exploit light scattering structures. In a first step we validate the model with experimental data of tandem solar cells that either use front- or rear-side textures and extract the internal quantum efficiency of the methyl-ammonium lead iodide (MALI) perovskite sub-cell. In a next step, the software is used to investigate the potential of different device architectures featuring a monolithic integration between the perovskite and silicon sub-cells and exploiting rear- as well as front-side textures for improved light harvesting. We find that, considering the available contact materials, the p-i-n solar cell architecture is the most promising with respect to achievable photocurrent for both flat and textured wafers. Finally, cesium-formamidinium-based perovskite materials with several bandgaps were synthetized, optically characterized and their potential in a tandem device was quantified by simulations. For the simulated layer stack and among the tested materials with bandgaps of 1.7 and 1.6 eV, the one with 1.6 eV bandgap was found to be the most promising, with a potential of reaching a power conversion efficiency of 31%. In order to achieve higher efficiencies using higher band-gap materials, parasitic absorptance in the blue spectral range should be further reduced.
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38
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Zhu H, Johansson MB, Johansson EMJ. The Effect of Dopant-Free Hole-Transport Polymers on Charge Generation and Recombination in Cesium-Bismuth-Iodide Solar Cells. CHEMSUSCHEM 2018; 11:1114-1120. [PMID: 29372625 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201702169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The photovoltaic characteristics of CsBi3 I10 -based solar cells with three dopant-free hole-conducting polymers are investigated. The effect on charge generation and charge recombination in the solar cells using the different polymers is studied and the results indicate that the choice of polymer strongly affects the device properties. Interestingly, for the solar cell with poly[[2,3-bis(3-octyloxyphenyl)-5,8-quinoxalinediyl]-2,5-thiophenediyl] (TQ1), the photon-to-current conversion spectrum is highly improved in the red wavelength region, suggesting that the polymer also contributes to the photocurrent generation in this case. This report provides a new direction for further optimization of Bi-halide solar cells by using dopant-free hole-transporting polymers and shows that the energy levels and the interaction between the Bi-halide and the conducting polymers are very important for solar cell performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Zhu
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Institution of Physical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Malin B Johansson
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Institution of Physical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erik M J Johansson
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Institution of Physical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
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39
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Debbichi L, Lee S, Cho H, Rappe AM, Hong KH, Jang MS, Kim H. Mixed Valence Perovskite Cs 2 Au 2 I 6 : A Potential Material for Thin-Film Pb-Free Photovoltaic Cells with Ultrahigh Efficiency. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1707001. [PMID: 29405438 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201707001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
New light is shed on the previously known perovskite material, Cs2 Au2 I6 , as a potential active material for high-efficiency thin-film Pb-free photovoltaic cells. First-principles calculations demonstrate that Cs2 Au2 I6 has an optimal band gap that is close to the Shockley-Queisser value. The band gap size is governed by intermediate band formation. Charge disproportionation on Au makes Cs2 Au2 I6 a double-perovskite material, although it is stoichiometrically a single perovskite. In contrast to most previously discussed double perovskites, Cs2 Au2 I6 has a direct-band-gap feature, and optical simulation predicts that a very thin layer of active material is sufficient to achieve a high photoconversion efficiency using a polycrystalline film layer. The already confirmed synthesizability of this material, coupled with the state-of-the-art multiscale simulations connecting from the material to the device, strongly suggests that Cs2 Au2 I6 will serve as the active material in highly efficient, nontoxic, and thin-film perovskite solar cells in the very near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamjed Debbichi
- Graduate School of EEWS, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Songju Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Hyunyoung Cho
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Andrew M Rappe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6323, USA
| | - Ki-Ha Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanbat National University, 125 Dongseo-Daero, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34158, Korea
| | - Min Seok Jang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Hyungjun Kim
- Graduate School of EEWS, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
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40
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Dupré O, Niesen B, De Wolf S, Ballif C. Field Performance versus Standard Test Condition Efficiency of Tandem Solar Cells and the Singular Case of Perovskites/Silicon Devices. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:446-458. [PMID: 29303583 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b02277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Multijunction cells may offer a cost-effective route to boost the efficiency of industrial photovoltaics. For any technology to be deployed in the field, its performance under actual operating conditions is extremely important. In this perspective, we evaluate the impact of spectrum, light intensity, and module temperature variations on the efficiency of tandem devices with crystalline silicon bottom cells with a particular focus on perovskite top cells. We consider devices with different efficiencies and calculate their energy yields using field data from Denver. We find that annual losses due to differences between operating conditions and standard test conditions are similar for single-junction and four-terminal tandem devices. The additional loss for the two-terminal tandem configuration caused by current mismatch reduces its performance ratio by only 1.7% when an optimal top cell bandgap is used. Additionally, the unusual bandgap temperature dependence of perovskites is shown to have a positive, compensating effect on current mismatch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Dupré
- Institute of Microengineering (IMT), Photovoltaics and Thin Film Electronics Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Rue de la Maladière 71b, CH-2002 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Bjoern Niesen
- Institute of Microengineering (IMT), Photovoltaics and Thin Film Electronics Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Rue de la Maladière 71b, CH-2002 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- CSEM PV-Center , Jaquet-Droz 1, CH-2002 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Stefaan De Wolf
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Christophe Ballif
- Institute of Microengineering (IMT), Photovoltaics and Thin Film Electronics Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Rue de la Maladière 71b, CH-2002 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- CSEM PV-Center , Jaquet-Droz 1, CH-2002 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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41
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Eperon GE, Hörantner MT, Snaith HJ. Metal halide perovskite tandem and multiple-junction photovoltaics. Nat Rev Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1038/s41570-017-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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42
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Teymouri A, Pillai S, Ouyang Z, Hao X, Liu F, Yan C, Green MA. Low-Temperature Solution Processed Random Silver Nanowire as a Promising Replacement for Indium Tin Oxide. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:34093-34100. [PMID: 28898576 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b13085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A low-temperature solution-based process for depositing silver nanowire (AgNW) networks for use as transparent conductive top electrode is demonstrated. These AgNWs when applied to Cu2ZnSnS4 solar cells outperformed indium tin oxide as the top electrode. Thinner nanowires allow the use of lower temperatures during processing, while longer wires allow lowered sheet resistance for the same surface coverage of NWs, enhancing the transmittance/conductance trade-off. Conductive atomic force microscopy and percolation theory were used to study the quality of the NW network at the microscale. Our optimized network yielded a sheet resistance of 18 Ω/□ and ∼95% transmission across the entire wavelength range of interest for a deposition temperature as low as of 60 °C. Our results show that AgNWs can be used for low-temperature cell fabrication using cheap solution-based processes that could also be promising for other solar cells constrained to low processing temperatures such as organic and perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arastoo Teymouri
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy (SPREE), University of New South Wales (UNSW) , Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Supriya Pillai
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy (SPREE), University of New South Wales (UNSW) , Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Zi Ouyang
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy (SPREE), University of New South Wales (UNSW) , Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Xiaojing Hao
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy (SPREE), University of New South Wales (UNSW) , Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Fangyang Liu
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy (SPREE), University of New South Wales (UNSW) , Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Chang Yan
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy (SPREE), University of New South Wales (UNSW) , Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Martin A Green
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy (SPREE), University of New South Wales (UNSW) , Sydney 2052, Australia
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43
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Duong T, Mulmudi HK, Wu Y, Fu X, Shen H, Peng J, Wu N, Nguyen HT, Macdonald D, Lockrey M, White TP, Weber K, Catchpole K. Light and Electrically Induced Phase Segregation and Its Impact on the Stability of Quadruple Cation High Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:26859-26866. [PMID: 28738159 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b06816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite material with a bandgap of 1.7-1.8 eV is highly desirable for the top cell in a tandem configuration with a lower bandgap bottom cell, such as a silicon cell. This can be achieved by alloying iodide and bromide anions, but light-induced phase-segregation phenomena are often observed in perovskite films of this kind, with implications for solar cell efficiency. Here, we investigate light-induced phase segregation inside quadruple-cation perovskite material in a complete cell structure and find that the magnitude of this phenomenon is dependent on the operating condition of the solar cell. Under short-circuit and even maximum power point conditions, phase segregation is found to be negligible compared to the magnitude of segregation under open-circuit conditions. In accordance with the finding, perovskite cells based on quadruple-cation perovskite with 1.73 eV bandgap retain 94% of the original efficiency after 12 h operation at the maximum power point, while the cell only retains 82% of the original efficiency after 12 h operation at the open-circuit condition. This result highlights the need to have standard methods including light/dark and bias condition for testing the stability of perovskite solar cells. Additionally, phase segregation is observed when the cell was forward biased at 1.2 V in the dark, which indicates that photoexcitation is not required to induce phase segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- The Duong
- Centre for Sustainable Energy Systems, Research School of Engineering, Australian National University , Canberra 2601, Australia
| | - Hemant Kumar Mulmudi
- Centre for Sustainable Energy Systems, Research School of Engineering, Australian National University , Canberra 2601, Australia
| | - YiLiang Wu
- Centre for Sustainable Energy Systems, Research School of Engineering, Australian National University , Canberra 2601, Australia
| | - Xiao Fu
- Centre for Sustainable Energy Systems, Research School of Engineering, Australian National University , Canberra 2601, Australia
| | - Heping Shen
- Centre for Sustainable Energy Systems, Research School of Engineering, Australian National University , Canberra 2601, Australia
| | - Jun Peng
- Centre for Sustainable Energy Systems, Research School of Engineering, Australian National University , Canberra 2601, Australia
| | - Nandi Wu
- Centre for Sustainable Energy Systems, Research School of Engineering, Australian National University , Canberra 2601, Australia
| | - Hieu T Nguyen
- Centre for Sustainable Energy Systems, Research School of Engineering, Australian National University , Canberra 2601, Australia
| | - Daniel Macdonald
- Centre for Sustainable Energy Systems, Research School of Engineering, Australian National University , Canberra 2601, Australia
| | - Mark Lockrey
- Australian National Fabrication Facility, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University , Canberra 2601, Australia
| | - Thomas P White
- Centre for Sustainable Energy Systems, Research School of Engineering, Australian National University , Canberra 2601, Australia
| | - Klaus Weber
- Centre for Sustainable Energy Systems, Research School of Engineering, Australian National University , Canberra 2601, Australia
| | - Kylie Catchpole
- Centre for Sustainable Energy Systems, Research School of Engineering, Australian National University , Canberra 2601, Australia
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Jäger K, Korte L, Rech B, Albrecht S. Numerical optical optimization of monolithic planar perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells with regular and inverted device architectures. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:A473-A482. [PMID: 28788878 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.00a473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We numerically maximize the achievable photocurrent density of planar perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells for different device architectures. For the optimizations we combine the transfer-matrix method with a simulated annealing algorithm. The optimizations are conducted within experimentally accessible and relevant layer-thickness ranges, which allows to extract applicable device guidelines. A comparison between regular and inverted tandem-cell designs reveals that a rear-emitter silicon heterojunction in combination with an inverted perovskite top-cell can yield a photocurrent, which is 1.4 mA/cm2 higher than that of tandem cells with the usual polarity and a front-emitter silicon bottom cell. Switching from the regular to the inverse architecture leads to over 2% (absolute) gain in power conversion efficiency. Finally we show that an efficiency of 30.8% is achievable for such tandem cells with an optimized perovskite band-gap.
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Lee JW, Hsieh YT, De Marco N, Bae SH, Han Q, Yang Y. Halide Perovskites for Tandem Solar Cells. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:1999-2011. [PMID: 28422510 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells have become one of the strongest candidates for next-generation solar energy technologies. A myriad of beneficial optoelectronic properties of the perovskite materials have enabled superb power conversion efficiencies (PCE) exceeding 22% for a single-junction device. The high PCE achievable via low processing costs and relatively high variability in optical properties have opened new possibilities for perovskites in tandem solar cells. In this Perspective, we will discuss current research trends in fabricating tandem perovskite-based solar cells in combination with a variety of mature photovoltaic devices such as organic, silicon, and Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 (CIGS) solar cells. Characteristic features and present limitations of each tandem cell will be discussed and elaborated upon. Finally, key issues for further improvement and the future outlook will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Wook Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yao-Tsung Hsieh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Nicholas De Marco
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Sang-Hoon Bae
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Qifeng Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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47
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Chung H, Sun X, Mohite AD, Singh R, Kumar L, Alam MA, Bermel P. Modeling and designing multilayer 2D perovskite / silicon bifacial tandem photovoltaics for high efficiencies and long-term stability. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:A311-A322. [PMID: 28437918 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.00a311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A key challenge in photovoltaics today is to develop cell technologies with both higher efficiencies and lower fabrication costs than incumbent crystalline silicon (c-Si) single-junction cells. While tandem cells have higher efficiencies than c-Si alone, it is generally challenging to find a low-cost, high-performance material to pair with c-Si. However, the recent emergence of 22% efficient perovskite photovoltaics has created a tremendous opportunity for high-performance, low-cost perovskite / crystalline silicon tandem photovoltaic cells. Nonetheless, two key challenges remain. First, integrating perovskites into tandem structures has not yet been demonstrated to yield performance exceeding commercially available crystalline silicon modules. Second, the stability of perovskites is inconsistent with the needs of most end-users, who install photovoltaic modules to produce power for 25 years or more. Making these cells viable thus requires innovation in materials processing, device design, fabrication, and yield. We will address these two gaps in the photovoltaic literature by investigating new types of 2D perovskite materials with n-butylammonium spacer layers, and integrating these materials into bifacial tandem solar cells providing at least 30% normalized power production. We find that an optimized 2D perovskite ((BA)2(MA)3(Sn0.6Pb0.4)4I13)/silicon bifacial tandem cell, given a globally average albedo of 30%, yields a normalized power production of 30.31%, which should be stable for extended time periods without further change in materials or encapsulation.
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48
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Lipovšek B, Čampa A, Guo F, Brabec CJ, Forberich K, Krč J, Topič M. Detailed optical modelling and light-management of thin-film organic solar cells with consideration of small-area effects. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:A176-A190. [PMID: 28241559 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.00a176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We present detailed numerical and experimental investigation of thin-film organic solar cells with a micro-textured light management foil applied on top of the front glass substrate. We first demonstrate that measurements of small-area laboratory solar cells are susceptible to a significant amount of optical losses that could lead to false interpretation of the measurement results. Using the combined optical model CROWM calibrated with realistic optical properties of organic films and other layers, we identify the origins of these losses and quantify the extent of their influence. Further on, we identify the most important light management mechanisms of the micro-textured foil, among which the prevention of light escaping at the front side of the cell is revealed as the dominant one. Detailed three-dimensional simulations show that the light-management foil applied on top of a large-area organic solar cell can reduce the total reflection losses by nearly 60% and improve the short-circuit current density by almost 20%. Finally, by assuming realistic open-circuit voltage and especially the realistic fill factor that deteriorates as the absorber layer thickness is increased, we determine the optimal absorber layer thickness that would result in the highest power conversion efficiency of the investigated organic solar cells.
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Nordseth Ø, Kumar R, Bergum K, Fara L, Foss SE, Haug H, Drăgan F, Crăciunescu D, Sterian P, Chilibon I, Vasiliu C, Baschir L, Savastru D, Monakhov E, Svensson BG. Optical Analysis of a ZnO/Cu<sub>2</sub>O Subcell in a Silicon-Based Tandem Heterojunction Solar Cell. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.4236/gsc.2017.71005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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50
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Jošt M, Albrecht S, Lipovšek B, Krč J, Korte L, Rech B, Topič M. Back- and Front-side Texturing for Light-management in Perovskite / Silicon-heterojunction Tandem Solar Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2016.11.316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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