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Strąkowska M, Urbaś S, Felczak M, Torzyk B, Shatarah ISM, Kasikowski R, Tabaka P, Więcek B. Modelling and Thermographic Measurements of LED Optical Power. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:1471. [PMID: 38475006 DOI: 10.3390/s24051471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
This paper presents a simple engineering method for evaluating the optical power emitted by light-emitting diodes (LEDs) using infrared thermography. The method is based on the simultaneous measurement of the electrical power and temperature of an LED and a heat source (resistor) that are enclosed in the same plastic packaging under the same cooling conditions. This ensures the calculation of the optical power emitted by the LED regardless of the value of the heat transfer coefficient. The obtained result was confirmed by comparing it with the standard direct measurement method using an integrated sphere. The values of the estimated optical power using the proposed method and the integrated sphere equipped with a spectrometer were consistent with each other. The tested LED exhibited a high optical energy efficiency, reaching approximately η ≈ 30%. In addition, an uncertainty analysis of the obtained results was performed. Compact modelling based on a thermal resistor network (Rth) and a 3D-FEM analysis were performed to confirm the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Strąkowska
- Institute of Electronics, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Sebastian Urbaś
- Institute of Electronics, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Mariusz Felczak
- Institute of Electronics, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Błażej Torzyk
- Institute of Electronics, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Iyad S M Shatarah
- Institute of Electronics, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Rafał Kasikowski
- Institute of Electronics, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Przemysław Tabaka
- Institute of Electrical Power Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Bogusław Więcek
- Institute of Electronics, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
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Chen D, Chen YC, Zeng G, Zhang DW, Lu HL. Integration Technology of Micro-LED for Next-Generation Display. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 6:0047. [PMID: 37223466 PMCID: PMC10202190 DOI: 10.34133/research.0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic micro light-emitting diodes (micro-LEDs) based on III-V compound semiconductors have been widely studied for self-emissive displays. From chips to applications, integration technology plays an indispensable role in micro-LED displays. For example, large-scale display relies on the integration of discrete device dies to achieve extended micro-LED array, and full color display requires integration of red, green, and blue micro-LED units on the same substrate. Moreover, the integration with transistors or complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor circuits are necessary to control and drive the micro-LED display system. In this review article, we summarized the 3 main integration technologies for micro-LED displays, which are called transfer integration, bonding integration, and growth integration. An overview of the characteristics of these 3 integration technologies is presented, while various strategies and challenges of integrated micro-LED display system are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingbo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics & Systems, School of Microelectronics,
Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yu-Chang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics & Systems, School of Microelectronics,
Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics & Systems, School of Microelectronics,
Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - David Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics & Systems, School of Microelectronics,
Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Jia Shan Fudan Institute, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province 314100, China
| | - Hong-Liang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics & Systems, School of Microelectronics,
Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Jia Shan Fudan Institute, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province 314100, China
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks, Shanghai Institute Communication and Data Science,
Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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Kang CM, Kang SJ, Mun SH, Choi SY, Min JH, Kim S, Shim JP, Lee DS. Monolithic integration of AlGaInP-based red and InGaN-based green LEDs via adhesive bonding for multicolor emission. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10333. [PMID: 28871141 PMCID: PMC5583240 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11239-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In general, to realize full color, inorganic light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are diced from respective red-green-blue (RGB) wafers consisting of inorganic crystalline semiconductors. Although this conventional method can realize full color, it is limited when applied to microdisplays requiring high resolution. Designing a structure emitting various colors by integrating both AlGaInP-based and InGaN-based LEDs onto one substrate could be a solution to achieve full color with high resolution. Herein, we introduce adhesive bonding and a chemical wet etching process to monolithically integrate two materials with different bandgap energies for green and red light emission. We successfully transferred AlGaInP-based red LED film onto InGaN-based green LEDs without any cracks or void areas and then separated the green and red subpixel LEDs in a lateral direction; the dual color LEDs integrated by the bonding technique were tunable from the green to red color regions (530–630 nm) as intended. In addition, we studied vertically stacked subpixel LEDs by deeply analyzing their light absorption and the interaction between the top and bottom pixels to achieve ultra-high resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Mo Kang
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Seok-Jin Kang
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Mun
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Soo-Young Choi
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Jung-Hong Min
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Sanghyeon Kim
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Korea
| | - Jae-Phil Shim
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Korea.
| | - Dong-Seon Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Korea.
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Yoo S, Sprafke A, Lipiński W, Liu J. Feature issue introduction: light, energy and the environment, 2015. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:A981-A984. [PMID: 27409971 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.00a981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The feature issue highlights contributions from authors who presented their research at the OSA Light, Energy and the Environment Congress, held in Suzhou, China from 2 to 5 November, 2015.
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