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Yang G, Allen MS, Allen JW, Harutyunyan H. Unlocking Efficient Ultrafast Bound-Electron Optical Nonlinearities via Mirror Induced Quasi Bound States in the Continuum. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:1679-1686. [PMID: 38262062 PMCID: PMC10853962 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The operation of photonic devices often relies on modulation of their refractive index. While the sub-bandgap index change through bound-electron optical nonlinearity offers a faster response than utilizing free carriers with an overbandgap pump, optical switching often suffers from inefficiency. Here, we use a recently observed metasurface based on mirror-induced optical bound states in the continuum, to enable superior modulation characteristics. We achieve a pulsewidth-limited switching time of 100 fs, reflectance change of 22%, remarkably low energy consumption of 255 μJ/cm2, and an enhancement of modulation contrast by a factor of 440 compared to unpatterned silicon. Additionally, the narrow photonic resonance facilitates the detection of the dispersive nondegenerate two-photon nonlinearity, allowing tunable pump and probe excitation. These findings are explained by a two-band theoretical model for the dispersive nonlinear index. The demonstrated efficient and rapid switching holds immense potential for applications, including quantum photonics, sensing, and metrology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoce Yang
- Department
of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Monica S. Allen
- Air
Force Research Laboratory, Munitions Directorate, Eglin AFB, Florida 32542, United States
| | - Jeffery W. Allen
- Air
Force Research Laboratory, Munitions Directorate, Eglin AFB, Florida 32542, United States
| | - Hayk Harutyunyan
- Department
of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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2
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Meng Y, Zhong H, Xu Z, He T, Kim JS, Han S, Kim S, Park S, Shen Y, Gong M, Xiao Q, Bae SH. Functionalizing nanophotonic structures with 2D van der Waals materials. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2023; 8:1345-1365. [PMID: 37608742 DOI: 10.1039/d3nh00246b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
The integration of two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals materials with nanostructures has triggered a wide spectrum of optical and optoelectronic applications. Photonic structures of conventional materials typically lack efficient reconfigurability or multifunctionality. Atomically thin 2D materials can thus generate new functionality and reconfigurability for a well-established library of photonic structures such as integrated waveguides, optical fibers, photonic crystals, and metasurfaces, to name a few. Meanwhile, the interaction between light and van der Waals materials can be drastically enhanced as well by leveraging micro-cavities or resonators with high optical confinement. The unique van der Waals surfaces of the 2D materials enable handiness in transfer and mixing with various prefabricated photonic templates with high degrees of freedom, functionalizing as the optical gain, modulation, sensing, or plasmonic media for diverse applications. Here, we review recent advances in synergizing 2D materials to nanophotonic structures for prototyping novel functionality or performance enhancements. Challenges in scalable 2D materials preparations and transfer, as well as emerging opportunities in integrating van der Waals building blocks beyond 2D materials are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Meng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Hongkun Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhihao Xu
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tiantian He
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Justin S Kim
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sangmoon Han
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Sunok Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Seoungwoong Park
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yijie Shen
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Mali Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Qirong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Sang-Hoon Bae
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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3
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Yi D, Huang Z, Fu W, Geng Y, Liu F, Li X. Ultra-sensitive all-optical phase modulation based on a fiber optic interferometer combined with Ti 3C 2T x MXene-incorporated PDMS. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:4456-4459. [PMID: 37656527 DOI: 10.1364/ol.498652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
This study proposes an all-optical phase modulator based on a compact fiber optic interferometer combined with Ti3C2Tx MXene-incorporated PDMS. Due to the high photothermal conversion efficiency of MXene and the high thermo-optic coefficient of PDMS, changes in pump power can be effectively converted into refractive index (RI) variations in the PDMS. Then, by employing a fiber optic interferometer with a high RI response, ultra-sensitive all-optical phase modulation can be realized. The experimental results demonstrate that the resonant wavelength shift of the modulator with MXene-incorporated PDMS is 126 times higher than that of a modulator with single MXene deposition. Also, a maximum wavelength sensitivity of 14.57 nm/mW is achieved (equivalent to a phase sensitivity of 0.33π/mW); this excellent modulation performance is a great improvement on that of a previously reported fiber-based all-optical phase modulator. Furthermore, PDMS is also employed as a packaging layer to strengthen the device structure and restrict the heat in an enclosed space, which improves the heat utilization efficiency. The proposed device shows great potential in optical communication, optical filtering, sensing, and modulation applications.
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4
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Jia L, Wu J, Zhang Y, Qu Y, Jia B, Chen Z, Moss DJ. Fabrication Technologies for the On-Chip Integration of 2D Materials. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2101435. [PMID: 34994111 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202101435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With compact footprint, low energy consumption, high scalability, and mass producibility, chip-scale integrated devices are an indispensable part of modern technological change and development. Recent advances in 2D layered materials with their unique structures and distinctive properties have motivated their on-chip integration, yielding a variety of functional devices with superior performance and new features. To realize integrated devices incorporating 2D materials, it requires a diverse range of device fabrication techniques, which are of fundamental importance to achieve good performance and high reproducibility. This paper reviews the state-of-art fabrication techniques for the on-chip integration of 2D materials. First, an overview of the material properties and on-chip applications of 2D materials is provided. Second, different approaches used for integrating 2D materials on chips are comprehensively reviewed, which are categorized into material synthesis, on-chip transfer, film patterning, and property tuning/modification. Third, the methods for integrating 2D van der Waals heterostructures are also discussed and summarized. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnan Jia
- Optical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Jiayang Wu
- Optical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Yuning Zhang
- Optical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Yang Qu
- Optical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Baohua Jia
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Zhigang Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, TEDA Applied Physics Institute and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300457, China
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, 94132, USA
| | - David J Moss
- Optical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
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5
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Li E, Jiang M, Li D, Wang R, Kang X, Wang T, Yan X, Liu B, Ren Z. All-optical Ti 3C 2T x modulator based on a sandwich structure. APPLIED OPTICS 2022; 61:925-930. [PMID: 35201061 DOI: 10.1364/ao.445975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
All-optical modulators based on a MXene-Ti3C2Tx have recently garnered much attention due to their broadband light-matter interactions and ultrafast carrier dynamics. To investigate the modulation characteristics of pump intensity and pump light modulation frequency, we establish an all-optical modulator with a sandwich structure based on MXene-Ti3C2Tx/PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) film. The result shows that this modulator can achieve a high modulation depth of 12.55 dB and a modulation frequency of 50 kHz corresponding to a response time at the microsecond scale. The successful preparation of the modulator is attributed to the saturable absorption characteristics of the MXene-Ti3C2Tx. This modulator has great potential in all-optical communications and ultrafast optical signal processing.
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6
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All-Optical Modulation Technology Based on 2D Layered Materials. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13010092. [PMID: 35056256 PMCID: PMC8780208 DOI: 10.3390/mi13010092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In the advancement of photonics technologies, all-optical systems are highly demanded in ultrafast photonics, signal processing, optical sensing and optical communication systems. All-optical devices are the core elements to realize the next generation of photonics integration system and optical interconnection. Thus, the exploration of new optoelectronics materials that exhibit different optical properties is a highlighted research direction. The emerging two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, black phosphorus (BP), transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and MXene have proved great potential in the evolution of photonics technologies. The optical properties of 2D materials comprising the energy bandgap, third-order nonlinearity, nonlinear absorption and thermo-optics coefficient can be tailored for different optical applications. Over the past decade, the explorations of 2D materials in photonics applications have extended to all-optical modulators, all-optical switches, an all-optical wavelength converter, covering the visible, near-infrared and Terahertz wavelength range. Herein, we review different types of 2D materials, their fabrication processes and optical properties. In addition, we also summarize the recent advances of all-optical modulation based on 2D materials. Finally, we conclude on the perspectives on and challenges of the future development of the 2D material-based all-optical devices.
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7
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Zhang K, Bao W, Chen X, Lu S. Graphdiyne-deposited microfiber structure all-optical modulator at the telecommunication band. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:38915-38923. [PMID: 34808934 DOI: 10.1364/oe.443217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
All-optical modulator is a crucial device in next generation of all-optical communications, interconnects, and signal processing. Here, we demonstrate an all-optical phase modulator with graphdiyne (GDY)-deposited microfiber structure. The phase shift of the signal light can be readily controlled by pump light by thermo-optic effect. This all-optical modulator can achieve a phase shift slope of 0.0296 π·mW-1 and a rising time of 5.48 ms at 25 Hz (3 ms, 50 Hz). Modes distributions in GDY-deposited microfiber at different wavelength are numerical analyzed and the normalized phase conversion efficiency of GDY are calculated. The results show that GDY has a considerable normalized phase conversion efficiency of 0.1644 π·mW-1·mm-1, which is higher than that of graphene, MXene and WS2 based all-optical modulators. This work proves the potential of GDY in all-optical modulator device at telecommunication band and provides a support to all-optical signal processing systems.
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8
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Liu W, Shi T, Liu M, Wang Q, Liu X, Zhou Q, Lei M, Lu P, Yu L, Wei Z. Nonlinear optical property and application of yttrium oxide in erbium-doped fiber lasers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:29402-29411. [PMID: 34615050 DOI: 10.1364/oe.433932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Yttrium oxide (Y2O3) has garnered some attention in view of its potential to be integrated into a wide range of high-strength structural components, microelectronic and optoelectronic devices. However, the nonlinear optical research of this promising material has not been implemented yet. In this paper, not only the electronic band structures of Y2O3 are theoretically calculated but also the optical nonlinearity of Y2O3 is validated by using the fiber laser as a platform. Meanwhile, the influence of sample thickness on laser performance is further explored by using Y2O3 saturable absorbers with different thickness. Results indicate that Y2O3 not only has impressive optical nonlinearity but also is beneficial to the investigation of ultrafast photons by adjusting the thickness of Y2O3. Therefore, Y2O3 can be used as a potential saturable absorber candidate for in-depth research and application.
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9
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Yang Y, Lv J, Lin B, Cao Y, Yi Y, Zhang D. Graphene-Assisted Polymer Waveguide Optically Controlled Switch Using First-Order Mode. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2117. [PMID: 34203219 PMCID: PMC8272245 DOI: 10.3390/polym13132117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
All-optical devices have a great potential in optical communication systems. As a new material, graphene has attracted great attention in the field of optics due to its unique properties. We propose a graphene-assisted polymer optically controlled thermo-optic switch, based on the Ex01 mode, which can reduce the absorption loss of graphene. Graphene absorbs 980 nm pump light, and uses the heat generated by ohmic heating to switch on and off the signal light at 1550 nm. The simulation results show that, when the graphene is in the right position, we can obtain the power consumption of 9.5 mW, the propagation loss of 0.01 dB/cm, and the switching time of 127 μs (rise)/125 μs (fall). The switching time can be improved to 106 μs (rise) and 102 μs (fall) with silicon substrate. Compared with an all-fiber switch, our model has lower power consumption and lower propagation loss. The proposed switch is suitable for optically controlled fields with low loss and full polarization. Due to the low cost and easy integration of polymer materials, the device will play an important role in the fields of all-optical signal processing and silicon-based hybrid integrated photonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China; (Y.Y.); (J.L.); (B.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Jiawen Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China; (Y.Y.); (J.L.); (B.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Baizhu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China; (Y.Y.); (J.L.); (B.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yue Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China; (Y.Y.); (J.L.); (B.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yunji Yi
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Daming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China; (Y.Y.); (J.L.); (B.L.); (Y.C.)
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10
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Chen JH, Xiong YF, Xu F, Lu YQ. Silica optical fiber integrated with two-dimensional materials: towards opto-electro-mechanical technology. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2021; 10:78. [PMID: 33854031 PMCID: PMC8046821 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-021-00520-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the integration of graphene and related two-dimensional (2D) materials in optical fibers have stimulated significant advances in all-fiber photonics and optoelectronics. The conventional passive silica fiber devices with 2D materials are empowered for enhancing light-matter interactions and are applied for manipulating light beams in respect of their polarization, phase, intensity and frequency, and even realizing the active photo-electric conversion and electro-optic modulation, which paves a new route to the integrated multifunctional all-fiber optoelectronic system. This article reviews the fast-progress field of hybrid 2D-materials-optical-fiber for the opto-electro-mechanical devices. The challenges and opportunities in this field for future development are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hui Chen
- Institute of Electromagnetics and Acoustics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Yi-Feng Xiong
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Fei Xu
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
| | - Yan-Qing Lu
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
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11
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Bo Y, Guan C, Chu R, Cheng T, Xu L, Liu L, Yang J, Shi J, Wang P, Yang J, Yuan L. Compact all-fiber thermo-optic modulator based on a Michelson interferometer coated with NaNdF 4 nanoparticles. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:6854-6862. [PMID: 33726197 DOI: 10.1364/oe.419621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We propose and investigate an all-fiber thermo-optic modulator based on a side-polished twin-core fiber (TCF) Michelson interferometer (MI) coated with NaNdF4 nanoparticles. The MI was fabricated by tapering the splicing point between the TCF and a single mode fiber (SMF). A short suspended core fiber (SCF) is spliced to one core of the TCF to introduce a fixed optical phase difference (OPD). The side-polished core is coated with photo-thermal material NaNdF4. Owing to the ohmic heating of NaNdF4 nanoparticles under 808 nm pump laser, the effective refractive index of the polished core is changed, resulting in a phase shift of the MI. The MI has a significant modulation phase shift with 2.9 π near the wavelength of 1260 nm and can obtain an optical switching with a rise (fall) time of 152 (50) ms. The proposed device will have a great application potential in optical modulators due to compact structure and strong robustness.
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12
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Wu J, Ma H, Yin P, Ge Y, Zhang Y, Li L, Zhang H, Lin H. Two‐Dimensional Materials for Integrated Photonics: Recent Advances and Future Challenges. SMALL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202000053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jianghong Wu
- Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang College of Information Science & Electronic Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province School of Engineering Westlake University Hangzhou 310024 China
- Institute of Advanced Technology Westlake Institute for Advanced Study 18 Shilongshan Road Hangzhou 310024 China
| | - Hui Ma
- Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang College of Information Science & Electronic Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Peng Yin
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics Collaborative Innovation Centre for Optoelectronic Science & Technology International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Photonic Information Technology Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial
| | - Yanqi Ge
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics Collaborative Innovation Centre for Optoelectronic Science & Technology International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Photonic Information Technology Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial
| | - Yupeng Zhang
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics Collaborative Innovation Centre for Optoelectronic Science & Technology International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Photonic Information Technology Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial
| | - Lan Li
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province School of Engineering Westlake University Hangzhou 310024 China
- Institute of Advanced Technology Westlake Institute for Advanced Study 18 Shilongshan Road Hangzhou 310024 China
| | - Han Zhang
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics Collaborative Innovation Centre for Optoelectronic Science & Technology International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Photonic Information Technology Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial
| | - Hongtao Lin
- Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang College of Information Science & Electronic Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
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13
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Liu C, Wang D, Wang GX, Jiang Z, Wang QH. 1550 nm infrared/visible light switchable liquid optical switch. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:8974-8984. [PMID: 32225512 DOI: 10.1364/oe.389198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a liquid optical switch is proposed, and the 1550 nm infrared/visible switching function based on hydraulic control can be realized. An infrared light switch cavity, a visible light cavity and a liquid control cavity are stacked to form the main framework of the device. The glycerol, dyed liquid, and transparent liquid are filled in the cavities, respectively. Two elastic films are fabricated between the cavities for controlling the liquid volume of the cavities. With such a structure, in the initial state, the 1550 nm infrared light and visible light are absorbed by the glycerol and dyed liquid, respectively. The device shows infrared light-off and visible light-off states. When the elastic film is actuated by the liquid pressure, the shape of the elastic film can be changed. Once the elastic film touches to the substrate, a light channel can be formed so that the infrared light or visible light can pass through it. It shows infrared light-on or visible light-on states. In this way, the device can be worked as an infrared light and visible light switchable optical switch. The experiments show that the device can obtain the optical attenuation from ∼1.02 dB to ∼18.24 dB for 1550 nm infrared light optical switch and ∼0.66 dB to ∼8.70 dB @ λ=450 nm; ∼0.62 dB to ∼8.74 dB @ λ=532 nm; ∼0.77 dB to ∼9.00 dB @ λ=633 nm for visible light optical switch. The device has potential applications in the fields of optical fiber communications, variable optical attenuators, and light shutters.
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14
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Shao Z, Wang C, Wu K, Zhang H, Chen J. Fiber all-optical light control with low-dimensional materials (LDMs): thermo-optic effect and saturable absorption. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:4190-4206. [PMID: 36134428 PMCID: PMC9417685 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00381a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we review the recent studies on all-optical light control based on two main nonlinear mechanisms in LDMs: the thermo-optic effect and saturable absorption. The compactness of LDMs makes them the ideal medium for all-optical control systems. Many all-optical devices are demonstrated based on the properties of thermo-optic effects and saturable absorption. The materials characteristics and fabrication and the future prospects for all-optical control will also be shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengpeng Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Cong Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Kan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Han Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Jianping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
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15
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Wang K, Zhang X, Kislyakov IM, Dong N, Zhang S, Wang G, Fan J, Zou X, Du J, Leng Y, Zhao Q, Wu K, Chen J, Baesman SM, Liao KS, Maharjan S, Zhang H, Zhang L, Curran SA, Oremland RS, Blau WJ, Wang J. Bacterially synthesized tellurium nanostructures for broadband ultrafast nonlinear optical applications. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3985. [PMID: 31484932 PMCID: PMC6726626 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11898-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Elementary tellurium is currently of great interest as an element with potential promise in nano-technology applications because of the recent discovery regarding its three two-dimensional phases and the existence of Weyl nodes around its Femi level. Here, we report on the unique nano-photonic properties of elemental tellurium particles [Te(0)], as harvest from a culture of a tellurium-oxyanion respiring bacteria. The bacterially-formed nano-crystals prove effective in the photonic applications tested compared to the chemically-formed nano-materials, suggesting a unique and environmentally friendly route of synthesis. Nonlinear optical measurements of this material reveal the strong saturable absorption and nonlinear optical extinctions induced by Mie scattering over broad temporal and wavelength ranges. In both cases, Te-nanoparticles exhibit superior optical nonlinearity compared to graphene. We demonstrate that biological tellurium can be used for a variety of photonic applications which include their proof-of-concept for employment as ultrafast mode-lockers and all-optical switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangpeng Wang
- Laboratory of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Laboratory of Laser and Infrared Materials, Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Laboratory of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Laboratory of Laser and Infrared Materials, Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Ivan M Kislyakov
- Laboratory of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Laboratory of Laser and Infrared Materials, Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Ningning Dong
- Laboratory of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Laboratory of Laser and Infrared Materials, Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Saifeng Zhang
- Laboratory of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Laboratory of Laser and Infrared Materials, Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Gaozhong Wang
- Laboratory of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Laboratory of Laser and Infrared Materials, Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
- School of Physics, CRANN and AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 2, Ireland
| | - Jintai Fan
- Laboratory of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Laboratory of Laser and Infrared Materials, Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Xiao Zou
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Juan Du
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Yuxin Leng
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Quanzhong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Kan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Jianping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | | | - Kang-Shyang Liao
- Institute for NanoEnergy, Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Surendra Maharjan
- Institute for NanoEnergy, Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Hongzhou Zhang
- School of Physics, CRANN and AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 2, Ireland
| | - Long Zhang
- Laboratory of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Laboratory of Laser and Infrared Materials, Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China.
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Seamus A Curran
- Institute for NanoEnergy, Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | | | - Werner J Blau
- School of Physics, CRANN and AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 2, Ireland
| | - Jun Wang
- Laboratory of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Laboratory of Laser and Infrared Materials, Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China.
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Li H, Huang Z, Lang Y, Wang X, Zhu H, Shen Z, Guan H, Hong J, Gui X, Qiu W, Lu H, Dong J, Zhu W, Yu J, Luo Y, Chen Z. Broadband all-light-control with WS 2 coated microfibers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:12817-12831. [PMID: 31052817 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.012817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
All-optical light amplitude tuning functionality is demonstrated in a layered tungsten disulfide (WS2) nanosheets coated microfiber (MF) structure. Due to the strong light-matter interactions between WS2 nanosheets and the evanescent field around the MF, a large variation in the transmitted power can be observed under both external and internal pump light excitations over a broadband spectrum (~100 nm). A power variation rate of ~0.3744 dB/mW is obtained under external violet pump light excitation, whereas the power variation rate of similar devices in the state of the art are usually less than 0.3 dB/mW. In terms of the response time, a moderate rise/fall time of ∼20.5/19.6 ms is achieved, which is mainly limited by the employed structure fabrication methods. These results indicate that the optical transmitted power of the WS2 coated MF can be modulated by different pump light with the power in the order of mW, thus the proposed device might have potential applications in all optical controllable devices and sensors, etc.
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17
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Xiao P, Wu K, Mao D, Chen J. A pulsewidth measurement technology based on carbon-nanotube saturable absorber. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:4188-4203. [PMID: 30876038 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.004188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a proof-of-concept saturable absorption based pulsewidth measurement (SAPM) by exploring the intensity dependent nonlinear transmission (i.e., saturable absorption) of low-dimensional material (LDM) carbon nanotubes. A minimum pulse energy of 75 fJ is experimentally detected with an average-power-peak-power product (Pav⋅ Ppk) of 5.44×10-7 W2 near 1550 nm. A minimum detectable pulse energy of 10 fJ with a Pav⋅ Ppk of 1.3×10-9 W2 is estimated with further optimization. The nanometer-level thickness and femtosecond-level decay time of LDMs allow ultrafast light interaction on a very small footprint, which potentially supports chip-scale characterization of ultrafast pulses with minimum distortion.
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18
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Hao T, Chang Z, Chiang KS. Externally pumped low-loss graphene-based fiber Mach-Zehnder all-optical switches with mW switching powers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:4216-4225. [PMID: 30876040 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.004216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We propose and experimentally demonstrate an all-optical switch based on a graphene-coated fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer, where the phase of the signal light in one arm of the interferometer is changed by the heat generated from external pump light absorption by the graphene coating. The external pumping scheme allows efficient pump absorption with multiple layers of graphene coated on an ordinary fiber or a slightly tapered fiber without introducing significant additional signal loss. Without using any wavelength multiplexer/demultiplexer, the switch can be pumped at any convenient wavelength or even with broadband light. Our experimental device, which is based on a standard 125-μm-diameter single-mode fiber with a 5-mm-long graphene coating, can be switched with a pump power of 5.3 mW at an extinction ratio of 19 dB with no additional signal loss. The switching power is insensitive to the graphene coating's length and can be reduced to 4.8 mW, with the fiber tapered to 40 μm. The measured switching powers agree well with the theoretical values obtained by treating the graphene coating as a uniform sheet of heat source without thickness. The switch's response time decreases with the fiber diameter and inversely with the graphene coating's length. The switch's rise and fall times, based on a 40-μm tapered fiber with a 20-mm-long graphene coating, are 30 ms and 50 ms, respectively.
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19
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Szukalski A, Moffa M, Camposeo A, Pisignano D, Mysliwiec J. All-optical switching in dye-doped DNA nanofibers. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. C 2019; 7:170-176. [PMID: 30931127 PMCID: PMC6394887 DOI: 10.1039/c8tc04677h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
All-optical switches are introduced which are based on deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in the form of electrospun fibers, where DNA is semi-intercalated with a push-pull, luminescent nonlinear pyrazoline derivative. Optical birefringence is found in the organic nanofibers, with fully reversible switching controlled through continuous-wave laser irradiation. The photoinduced signal is remarkably large, with birefringence highlighted by optically-driven refractive index anisotropy approaching 0.001. Sub-millisecond characteristic switching times are found. Integrating dye-intercalated DNA complex systems in organic nanofibers, as a convenient and efficient approach to template molecular organization and control it by external stimuli, might open new routes for realizing optical logic gates, reconfigurable photonic networks and sensors through physically-transient biopolymer components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Szukalski
- Faculty of Chemistry , Wroclaw University of Science and Technology , Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27 , 50-370 Wroclaw , Poland
- NEST , Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR , Piazza S. Silvestro 12 , I-56127 Pisa , Italy
| | - Maria Moffa
- NEST , Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR , Piazza S. Silvestro 12 , I-56127 Pisa , Italy
| | - Andrea Camposeo
- NEST , Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR , Piazza S. Silvestro 12 , I-56127 Pisa , Italy
| | - Dario Pisignano
- NEST , Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR , Piazza S. Silvestro 12 , I-56127 Pisa , Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica , Università di Pisa , Largo B. Pontecorvo 3 , I-56127 Pisa , Italy .
| | - Jaroslaw Mysliwiec
- Faculty of Chemistry , Wroclaw University of Science and Technology , Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27 , 50-370 Wroclaw , Poland
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20
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Chen G, Zhang Z, Wang X, Li H, Jiang M, Guan H, Qiu W, Lu H, Dong J, Zhu W, Yu J, Zhong Y, Luo Y, Zhang J, Chen Z. Highly sensitive all-optical control of light in WS 2 coated microfiber knot resonator. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:27650-27658. [PMID: 30469827 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.027650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
All-optical light-control-light functionality is realized in a layered tungsten disulfide (WS2) nanosheet coated microfiber knot resonator (MKR) structure. Mainly due to the photon generated excitons induced refractive index variation in WS2 nanosheets, a large variation in the transmitted power (∆T) can be observed under external violet/red laser excitation. The ∆T variation rates can reach up to ~0.4 dB/mW under violet pump light excitation whereas the state of the art light-control-light structures usually has a variation rate of less than 0.25 dB/mW. In terms of the response time, the averaged rise/fall time is ~0.12/0.1 s. The demonstrated structure has the advantages of easy fabrication, low cost and high sensitivity, therefore, it might be a promising candidate for building future all-fiber-optics based functional devices and all-optical circuitry.
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21
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Liu W, Liu M, OuYang Y, Hou H, Lei M, Wei Z. CVD-grown MoSe 2 with high modulation depth for ultrafast mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:394002. [PMID: 29968568 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aad0b3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional materials have been widely used as optical modulator materials in mode-locked fiber lasers. In terms of the performance of the fiber laser, one with an ultrashort pulse and high stability has great commercial value. Herein, the MoSe2 grown by the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method with high modulation depth, quality lattice structure and uniformity is successfully applied in a mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser. The pulse duration and signal-to-noise ratio of the laser are 207 fs and 85 dB, respectively. The multifarious performance comparisons indicate that the CVD-based MoSe2 saturable absorber with the tapered fiber structure has unique advantages not only in the generation of ultrashort pulses, but also in the optimization of laser stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, School of Science, P. O. Box 122, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, People's Republic of China. Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
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22
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Characterization of the second- and third-harmonic optical susceptibilities of atomically thin tungsten diselenide. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10035. [PMID: 29968813 PMCID: PMC6030073 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28374-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the first detailed characterization of the sheet third-harmonic optical susceptibility, χ(3)s, of tungsten diselenide (WSe2). With a home-built multiphoton microscope setup developed to study harmonics generation, we map the second and third-harmonic intensities as a function of position in the sample, pump power and polarization angle, for single- and few-layers flakes of WSe2. We register a value of |χ(3)s| ≈ 0.9 × 10-28 m3 V-2 at a fundamental excitation frequency of ℏω = 0.8 eV, which is comparable in magnitude to the third-harmonic susceptibility of other group-VI transition metal dichalcogenides. The simultaneously recorded sheet second-harmonic susceptibility is found to be |χ(2)s| ≈ 0.7 × 10-19 m2 V-1 in very good agreement on the order of magnitude with recent reports for WSe2, which asserts the robustness of our values for |χ(3)s|.
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23
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Liu W, Liu M, OuYang Y, Hou H, Ma G, Lei M, Wei Z. Tungsten diselenide for mode-locked erbium-doped fiber lasers with short pulse duration. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:174002. [PMID: 29424706 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aaae40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a WSe2 film prepared by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is transferred onto a tapered fiber, and a WSe2 saturable absorber (SA) is fabricated. In order to measure the third-order optical nonlinearity of the WSe2, the Z-scan technique is applied. The modulation depth of the WSe2 SA is measured as being 21.89%. Taking advantage of the remarkable nonlinear absorption characteristic of the WSe2 SA, a mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser is demonstrated at 1557.4 nm with a bandwidth of 25.8 nm and signal to noise ratio of 96 dB. To the best of our knowledge, the pulse duration of 163.5 fs is confirmed to be the shortest compared with previous mode-locked fiber lasers based on transition-metal dichalcogenides SAs. These results indicate that WSe2 is a powerful competitor in the application of ultrashort pulse lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, School of Science, PO Box 122, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, People's Republic of China. Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
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24
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Qiu C, Yang Y, Li C, Wang Y, Wu K, Chen J. All-optical control of light on a graphene-on-silicon nitride chip using thermo-optic effect. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17046. [PMID: 29213106 PMCID: PMC5719060 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16989-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
All-optical signal processing avoids the conversion between optical signals and electronic signals and thus has the potential to achieve a power efficient photonic system. Micro-scale all-optical devices for light manipulation are the key components in the all-optical signal processing and have been built on the semiconductor platforms (e.g., silicon and III-V semiconductors). However, the two-photon absorption (TPA) effect and the free-carrier absorption (FCA) effect in these platforms deteriorate the power handling and limit the capability to realize complex functions. Instead, silicon nitride (Si3N4) provides a possibility to realize all-optical large-scale integrated circuits due to its insulator nature without TPA and FCA. In this work, we investigate the physical dynamics of all-optical control on a graphene-on-Si3N4 chip based on thermo-optic effect. In the experimental demonstration, a switching response time constant of 253.0 ns at a switching energy of ~50 nJ is obtained with a device dimension of 60 μm × 60 μm, corresponding to a figure of merit (FOM) of 3.0 nJ mm. Detailed coupled-mode theory based analysis on the thermo-optic effect of the device has been performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciyuan Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yuxing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yifang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Kan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Jianping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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