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Román-Valenzuela T, Rodríguez-Fajardo V, Bo-Hu X, Rosales-Guzmán C. Generation of cylindrical vector modes via astigmatic mode conversion. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:2910-2913. [PMID: 38824290 DOI: 10.1364/ol.519781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we propose and demonstrate experimentally a compact technique for generating cylindrical vector beams based on a Michelson interferometer and a π-astigmatic mode converter. The latter is required to invert the topological charge of higher-order Laguerre-Gauss (LG) beams. Our proposed technique generalizes the use of astigmatic mode conversion, commonly associated only with scalar beams, to vector beams with a non-homogeneous polarization distribution. We anticipate that many applications based on Michelson interferometers will benefit from the unique properties of vector beams.
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Cox MA, Rosales-Guzmán C. Real-time Stokes polarimetry using a polarization camera. APPLIED OPTICS 2023; 62:7828-7836. [PMID: 37855493 DOI: 10.1364/ao.504249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
This Lab Note introduces the "Stokes Camera," a simple experimental arrangement for real-time measurement of spatial amplitude and polarization and thus spatially resolved Stokes parameters. It uses a polarization sensitive camera and a fixed quarter-wave plate, providing a one-shot, digital solution for polarization measurement that is only limited by the frame rate of the camera and the computation speed of the provided code. The note also provides background information on relevant polarization theory and vector vortex beams, which are used as a demonstration of the device.
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Guo P, Pu Y, Zhu J, Li H, Fan M, Wang S. Ultrafast vortex arrays generated from a mode-locked oscillator with dispersion management. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:4865-4868. [PMID: 37707923 DOI: 10.1364/ol.499214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we demonstrate the generation of optical vortex arrays pulses using a Sagnac common-path interferometric vortex generator. Hermite-Gaussian (HG) modes with different orders are initially obtained from a SESAM mode-locked laser in the positive dispersion regime. Then, in the interferometric vortex generator, by controlling the phase difference and sheering displacement between two HG modes, optical vortex pulses with different numbers of phase singularities are generated through superposition. The generated HG10 mode has a pulse width of 2 ps and maximum energy of 0.75 nJ. One-dimensional vortex arrays and triangular vortex arrays are also generated, which are formed by HGm0 and HG0n modes, respectively. This work has potential applications in the massive manipulation of microparticles, optical communication, and so on.
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Sun P, Wang Y, Yuan C, Jia S, Shen D, Zheng Z. Tailoring ultra-broadband vector beams via programming the electric field vector of light. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:28506-28513. [PMID: 36299044 DOI: 10.1364/oe.462908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
With spatially inhomogeneous polarization, vector beam (VB) has created substantial opportunities in both optics and photonics. However, the limited spectral bandwidth of VB generator hinders further advances for higher level of integration and functionality. Here, an innovative approach of programming the electric field vector of light is proposed to tailor arbitrary ultra-broadband VBs, in parallel among an unprecedented wavelength range over 1000 nm covering the visible and NIR band. We demonstrate the twisted nematic liquid crystals (TNLCs), specifically arranged in-situ by a dynamic programmable photopatterning, enable to directly manipulate the electric field vector of transmitted light into the VB as desired. Furthermore, the electrical responsiveness of TNLCs yields a dynamic multifunctionality between the VB and Gaussian beam. We anticipate this ultra-broadband VB generator would be promising for a variety of applications like optical manipulation, super-resolution imaging, and integrated optical communication system.
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Huo T, Qi L, Chen JJ, Miao Y, Chen Z. Integrated pulse scope for tunable generation and intrinsic characterization of structured femtosecond laser. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9670. [PMID: 33958605 PMCID: PMC8102529 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87938-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous techniques have been demonstrated for effective generation of orbital angular momentum-carrying radiation, but intracavity generation of continuously tunable pulses in the femtosecond regime remains challenging. Even if such a creation was realized, the generated pulses-like all pulses in reality-are complex and transitory objects that can only be comprehensively characterized via multidimensional spaces. An integrated lasing system that generates pulses while simultaneously quantifies them can achieve adaptive pulse tailoring. Here, we report a femtosecond pulse scope that unifies vector vortex mode-locked lasing and vectorial quantification. With intracavity-controlled Pancharatnam-Berry phase modulation, continuous and ergodic generation of spirally polarized states along a broadband higher-order Poincaré sphere was realized. By intrinsically coupling a two-dimensional polarization-sensitive time-scanning interferometer to the laser, multidimensional spatiotemporal features of the pulse were further visualized. The proposed methodology paves the way for design optimization of ultrafast optics by integrating complex femtosecond pulse generation and structural customization, facilitating its applications in optical physics research and laser-based manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiancheng Huo
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA
- The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA
| | - Li Qi
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA
| | - Jason J Chen
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA
- The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA
| | - Yusi Miao
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA
- The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA
| | - Zhongping Chen
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA.
- The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA.
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Rosales-Guzmán C, Hu XB, Selyem A, Moreno-Acosta P, Franke-Arnold S, Ramos-Garcia R, Forbes A. Polarisation-insensitive generation of complex vector modes from a digital micromirror device. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10434. [PMID: 32591585 PMCID: PMC7320161 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66799-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent time there has been an increasing amount of interest in developing novel techniques for the generation of complex vector light beams. Amongst these, digital holography stands out as one of the most flexible and versatile with almost unlimited freedom in the generation of scalar and complex vector light fields featuring arbitrary polarisation distributions and spatial profiles. In this manuscript we put forward a novel technique, which relies on the polarisation-insensitive attribute of Digital Micromirror Devices (DMDs). In a prior work where we outlined a new detection scheme based on Stokes projections we alluded to this technique. Here we outline the creation process in full, providing all the details for its experimental implementation. In addition, we fully characterise the performance of such technique, providing a quantitative analysis of the generated modes. To this end, we experimentally reconstruct the transverse polarisation distribution of arbitrary vector modes and compare the ellipticity and flatness of the polarisation ellipses with theoretical predictions. Further, we also generate vector modes with arbitrary degrees of non-separability and determine their degree of concurrence comparing this to theoretical predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo Rosales-Guzmán
- Wang Da-Heng Collaborative Innovation Center for Quantum manipulation & Control, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, China.
| | - Xiao-Bo Hu
- Wang Da-Heng Collaborative Innovation Center for Quantum manipulation & Control, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Adam Selyem
- Fraunhofer Centre for Applied Photonics, G1 1RD, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Pedro Moreno-Acosta
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Luis Enrique Erro 1, Tonantzintla, Puebla, México
| | - Sonja Franke-Arnold
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Ruben Ramos-Garcia
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Luis Enrique Erro 1, Tonantzintla, Puebla, México
| | - Andrew Forbes
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa
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Suzuki M, Yamane K, Oka K, Toda Y, Morita R. Comprehensive quantitative analysis of vector beam states based on vector field reconstruction. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9979. [PMID: 31292480 PMCID: PMC6620324 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46390-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate a comprehensive quantitative analysis of vector beam states (VBSs) by using a vector field reconstruction (VFR) technique integrating interferometry and imaging polarimetry, where the analysis is given by a cylindrically polarized Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) mode expansion of VBSs. From test examples of cylindrically polarized LG mode beams, we obtain the complex amplitude distributions of VBSs and perform their quantitative evaluations both in radial and azimuthal directions. The results show that we generated (l, p) = (1, 0) LG radially polarized state with a high purity of 98%. We also argue that the cylindrically polarized LG modal decomposition is meaningful for the detail discussion of experimental results, such as analyses of mode purities and mode contaminations. Thus the VFR technique is significant for analyses of polarization structured beams generated by lasers and converters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Suzuki
- Department of Applied Physics, Hokkaido University, Kita-13, Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Keisaku Yamane
- Department of Applied Physics, Hokkaido University, Kita-13, Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Oka
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, 036-8561, Japan
| | - Yasunori Toda
- Department of Applied Physics, Hokkaido University, Kita-13, Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Ryuji Morita
- Department of Applied Physics, Hokkaido University, Kita-13, Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan.
- Laboratoire de photonique quantique et moléculaire, École Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, 61, avenue du Président Wilson, 94235, Cachan, Cedex, France.
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Runyon MT, Nacke CH, Sit A, Granados-Baez M, Giner L, Lundeen JS. Implementation of nearly arbitrary spatially varying polarization transformations: an in-principle lossless approach using spatial light modulators. APPLIED OPTICS 2018; 57:5769-5778. [PMID: 30118046 DOI: 10.1364/ao.57.005769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A fast and automated scheme for general polarization transformations holds great value in adaptive optics, quantum information, and virtually all applications involving light-matter and light-light interactions. We present an experiment that uses a liquid crystal on silicon spatial light modulator to perform polarization transformations on a light field. We experimentally demonstrate the point-by-point conversion of uniformly polarized light fields across the wavefront to realize arbitrary, spatially varying polarization states. Additionally, we demonstrate that a light field with an arbitrary spatially varying polarization can be transformed to a spatially invariant (i.e., uniform) polarization.
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Selyem A, Fayard S, Clark TW, Arnold AS, Radwell N, Franke-Arnold S. Holographically controlled three-dimensional atomic population patterns. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:18513-18522. [PMID: 30114030 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.018513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of spatially structured light fields with atomic media can generate spatial structures inscribed in the atomic populations and coherences, allowing for example the storage of optical images in atomic vapours. Typically, this involves coherent optical processes based on Raman or EIT transitions. Here we study the simpler situation of shaping atomic populations via spatially dependent optical depletion. Using a near resonant laser beam with a holographically controlled 3D intensity profile, we imprint 3D population structures into a thermal rubidium vapour. This 3D population structure is simultaneously read out by recording the spatially resolved fluorescence of an unshaped probe laser. We find that the reconstructed atomic population structure is largely complementary to the intensity structure of the control beam, however appears blurred due to global repopulation processes. We identify and model these mechanisms which limit the achievable resolution of the 3D atomic population. We expect this work to set design criteria for future 2D and 3D atomic memories.
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Wallace JU, Shestopalov A, Kosc T, Chen SH. Scalable Synthesis of Cholesteric Glassy Liquid Crystals. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b00667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason U. Wallace
- Department of Chemistry, D’Youville College, Buffalo, New York 14201, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Alexander Shestopalov
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Tanya Kosc
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, United States
| | - Shaw H. Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, United States
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