1
|
Xu R, Lin T, Luo J, Chen X, Blackert ER, Moon AR, JeBailey KM, Zhu H. Phonon Polaritonics in Broad Terahertz Frequency Range with Quantum Paraelectric SrTiO 3. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2302974. [PMID: 37334883 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Photonics in the frequency range of 5-15 terahertz (THz) potentially open a new realm of quantum materials manipulation and biosensing. This range, sometimes called "the new terahertz gap", is traditionally difficult to access due to prevalent phonon absorption bands in solids. Low-loss phonon-polariton materials may realize sub-wavelength, on-chip photonic devices, but typically operate in mid-infrared frequencies with narrow bandwidths and are difficult to manufacture on a large scale. Here, for the first time, quantum paraelectric SrTiO3 enables broadband surface phonon-polaritonic devices in 7-13 THz. As a proof of concept, polarization-independent field concentrators are designed and fabricated to locally enhance intense, multicycle THz pulses by a factor of 6 and increase the spectral intensity by over 90 times. The time-resolved electric field inside the concentrators is experimentally measured by THz-field-induced second harmonic generation. Illuminated by a table-top light source, the average field reaches 0.5 GV m-1 over a large volume resolvable by far-field optics. These results potentially enable scalable THz photonics with high breakdown fields made of various commercially available phonon-polariton crystals for studying driven phases in quantum materials and nonlinear molecular spectroscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xu
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Tong Lin
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Jiaming Luo
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Applied Physics Graduate Program, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Xiaotong Chen
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Blackert
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Alyssa R Moon
- Nanotechnology Research Experience for Undergraduates (Nano REU) Program, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Khalil M JeBailey
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Hanyu Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Larciprete MC, Dereshgi SA, Centini M, Aydin K. Tuning and hybridization of surface phonon polaritons in α-MoO 3 based metamaterials. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:12788-12796. [PMID: 35472908 DOI: 10.1364/oe.453726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We propose an effective medium approach to tune and control surface phonon polariton dispersion relations along the three main crystallographic directions of α-phase molybdenum trioxide. We show that a metamaterial consisting of subwavelength air inclusions into the α-MoO3 matrix displays new absorption modes producing a split of the Reststrahlen bands of the crystal and creating new branches of phonon polaritons. In particular, we report hybridization of bulk and surface polariton modes by tailoring metamaterials' structural parameters. Theoretical predictions obtained with the effective medium approach are validated by full-field electromagnetic simulations using finite difference time domain method. Our study sheds light on the use of effective medium theory for modeling and predicting wavefront polaritons. Our simple yet effective approach could potentially enable different functionalities for hyperbolic infrared metasurface devices and circuits on a single compact platform for on-chip infrared photonics.
Collapse
|
3
|
Yadav A, Kumari R, Varshney SK, Lahiri B. Tunable phonon-plasmon hybridization in α-MoO 3-graphene based van der Waals heterostructures. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:33171-33183. [PMID: 34809134 DOI: 10.1364/oe.434993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The plasmon-phonon hybridization behavior between anisotropic phonon polaritons (APhP) of orthorhombic phase Molybdenum Trioxide (α - MoO3) and the plasmon-polaritons of Graphene layer - forming a van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure is investigated theoretically in this paper. It is found that in-plane APhP shows strong interaction with graphene plasmons lying in their close vicinity, leading to large Rabi splitting. Anisotropic behavior of biaxial MoO3 shows the polarization-dependent response with strong anti-crossing behavior at 0.55 eV and 0.3 eV of graphene's Fermi potential for [100] and [001] crystalline directions, respectively. Numerical results reveal unusual electric field confinement for the two arms of enhanced hybrid modes: the first being confined in the graphene layer representing plasmonic-like behavior. The second shows volume confined zigzag pattern in hyperbolic MoO3. It is also found that the various plasmon-phonon hybridized modes could be wavelength tuned, simply by varying the Fermi potential of the graphene layer. The coupling response of the hybrid structure is studied analytically using the coupled oscillator model. Furthermore, we also infer upon the coupling strength and frequency splitting between the two layers with respect to their structural parameters and interlayer spacing. Our work will provide an insight into the active tunable property of hybrid van der Waals (vdW) structure for their potential application in sensors, detectors, directional spontaneous emission, as well as for the tunable control of the propagating polaritons in fields of flat dispersion where strong localization of photons can be achieved, popularly known as the flatband optics.
Collapse
|
4
|
Yang JY, Cheng T, Fei T, Zhang C, Liu L. Temperature-induced surface phonon polaritons dissipation in perovskite SrTiO 3. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:4244-4247. [PMID: 34469985 DOI: 10.1364/ol.438993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite SrTiO3 has emerged as a relevant technological material for nano-photonics that confines light to subdiffraction geometry with remarkably wide spectral tunability. Yet, the influence of lattice vibrations on its surface phonon polaritons (SPhPs) and localized surface phonon resonances (LSPhRs) receives little attention, and the underlying physics still remains elusive. Here, we apply spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) experiments and multiscale simulations spanning from first-principles to finite-difference time-domain (FDTD), and investigate the temperature influence on infrared dielectric functions, SPhPs and LSPhRs of SrTiO3. SE measurements find that the width of the Reststrahlen band lying between transverse and longitudinal oxygen-related optical phonons changes slightly, but infrared dielectric functions vary significantly as temperature increases. First-principles calculations confirm the coupling of the motion of oxygen atoms to incident photons, forming quasiparticles of SPhPs. FDTD simulations show that strong LSPhRs exist at 250 K in the SrTiO3 nanodisks but dissipate as lattice vibration strengthens, mainly due to the reduced phonon relaxation lifetime. This work reveals the underlying physics of temperature influence on SPhPs and LSPhRs of SrTiO3 and helps explore its potential applications as photonic resonators at high temperatures.
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang Q, Ou Q, Hu G, Liu J, Dai Z, Fuhrer MS, Bao Q, Qiu CW. Hybridized Hyperbolic Surface Phonon Polaritons at α-MoO 3 and Polar Dielectric Interfaces. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:3112-3119. [PMID: 33764791 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Surface phonon polaritons (SPhPs) in polar dielectrics offer new opportunities for infrared nanophotonics. However, bulk SPhPs inherently propagate isotropically with limited photon confinement, and how to collectively realize ultralarge confinement, in-plane hyperbolicity, and unidirectional propagation remains elusive. Here, we report an approach to solve the aforementioned issues of bulk SPhPs in one go by constructing a heterostructural interface between biaxial van der Waals material (e.g., α-MoO3) and bulk polar dielectric (e.g., SiC, AlN, and GaN). Because of anisotropy-oriented mode couplings, the hybridized SPhPs with a large confinement factor (>100) show in-plane hyperbolicity that has been switched to the orthogonal direction as compared to that in natural α-MoO3. More interestingly, this proof of concept allows steerable and unidirectional polariton excitation by suspending α-MoO3 on patterned SiC air cavities. Our finding exemplifies a generalizable framework to manipulate the flow of nanolight in many other hybrid systems consisting of anisotropic materials and polar dielectrics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Qingdong Ou
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies (FLEET), Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Guangwei Hu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Jingying Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Zhigao Dai
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Michael S Fuhrer
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies (FLEET), Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Qiaoliang Bao
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wu Y, Ordonez-Miranda J, Gluchko S, Anufriev R, Meneses DDS, Del Campo L, Volz S, Nomura M. Enhanced thermal conduction by surface phonon-polaritons. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eabb4461. [PMID: 32998899 PMCID: PMC7527230 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb4461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Improving heat dissipation in increasingly miniature microelectronic devices is a serious challenge, as the thermal conduction in nanostructures is markedly reduced by increasingly frequent scattering of phonons on the surface. However, the surface could become an additional heat dissipation channel if phonons couple with photons forming hybrid surface quasiparticles called surface phonon-polaritons (SPhPs). Here, we experimentally demonstrate the formation of SPhPs on the surface of SiN nanomembranes and subsequent enhancement of heat conduction. Our measurements show that the in-plane thermal conductivity of membranes thinner than 50 nm doubles up as the temperature rises from 300 to 800 kelvin, while thicker membranes show a monotonic decrease. Our theoretical analysis shows that these thickness and temperature dependencies are fingerprints of SPhP contribution to heat conduction. The demonstrated thermal transport by SPhPs can be useful as a previously unidentified channel of heat dissipation in a variety of fields including microelectronics and silicon photonics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Wu
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan.
| | - J Ordonez-Miranda
- Institut Pprime, CNRS, Université de Poitiers, ISAE-ENSMA, F-86962 Futuroscope Chasseneuil, France
| | - S Gluchko
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
- Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronic Systems/National Center for Scientific Research-Institute of Industrial Science (LIMMS/CNRS-IIS), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - R Anufriev
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | | | - L Del Campo
- CEMHTI, UPR3079, CNRS, Université Orléans, F-45071 Orléans, France
| | - S Volz
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan.
- Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronic Systems/National Center for Scientific Research-Institute of Industrial Science (LIMMS/CNRS-IIS), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - M Nomura
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tachikawa S, Ordonez-Miranda J, Wu Y, Jalabert L, Anufriev R, Volz S, Nomura M. High Surface Phonon-Polariton in-Plane Thermal Conductance along Coupled Films. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1383. [PMID: 32679879 PMCID: PMC7407836 DOI: 10.3390/nano10071383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Surface phonon-polaritons (SPhPs) are evanescent electromagnetic waves that can propagate distances orders of magnitude longer than the typical mean free paths of phonons and electrons. Therefore, they are expected to be powerful heat carriers capable of significantly enhancing the in-plane thermal conductance of polar nanostructures. In this work, we show that a SiO 2 /Si (10 μ m thick)/SiO 2 layered structure efficiently enhances the SPhP heat transport, such that its in-plane thermal conductance is ten times higher than the corresponding one of a single SiO 2 film, due to the coupling of SPhPs propagating along both of its polar SiO 2 nanolayers. The obtained results thus show that the proposed three-layer structure can outperform the in-plane thermal performance of a single suspended film while improving significantly its mechanical stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saeko Tachikawa
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan; (Y.W.); (L.J.); (R.A.); (S.V.)
| | - Jose Ordonez-Miranda
- Institut Pprime, CNRS, Universite de Poitiers, ISAE-ENSMA, F-86962 Futuroscope Chasseneuil, France;
| | - Yunhui Wu
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan; (Y.W.); (L.J.); (R.A.); (S.V.)
| | - Laurent Jalabert
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan; (Y.W.); (L.J.); (R.A.); (S.V.)
- Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronic Systems/National Center for Scientific Research-Institute of Industrial Science (LIMMS/CNRS-IIS), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Roman Anufriev
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan; (Y.W.); (L.J.); (R.A.); (S.V.)
| | - Sebastian Volz
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan; (Y.W.); (L.J.); (R.A.); (S.V.)
- Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronic Systems/National Center for Scientific Research-Institute of Industrial Science (LIMMS/CNRS-IIS), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nomura
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan; (Y.W.); (L.J.); (R.A.); (S.V.)
| |
Collapse
|