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Cai J, Gao K, Zhao R, Zhu R, Tong H, Miao X. Designing a Multilayered Oxygen Barrier Structure to Tackle Oxidation Challenges in Phase-Change Memory for Improved Reliability. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:50499-50507. [PMID: 37862618 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Phase-change memory (PCM) is considered one of the most promising candidates for universal memory. However, during the manufacturing process of PCM, phase-change materials (PCMs) encounter severe oxidation, which can cause degraded performance and reduced stability of PCM, hindering its industrialization process. In this work, a multilayered oxygen barrier (MOB) structure is proposed to tackle this challenge. Material characterization shows that the MOB structure can significantly reduce the extent of oxidation of PCMs from around 70% to as low as around 10%, achieving a remarkably low level of oxidation. Moreover, the material in the MOB structure exhibits notable enhancements in crystallization temperature and cycling capability. The improved stability is attributed to the oxygen barrier effect and the suppression of elemental segregation within the material, which are both conferred by the MOB structure. In summary, this work provides an effective solution to address the oxidation of PCMs, offering valuable guidance for realizing a high-reliability PCM in practical production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Cai
- School of Integrated Circuits, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ke Gao
- School of Integrated Circuits, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ruizhe Zhao
- School of Integrated Circuits, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Rongjiang Zhu
- School of Integrated Circuits, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hao Tong
- School of Integrated Circuits, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Hubei Yangtze Memory Laboratories, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Xiangshui Miao
- School of Integrated Circuits, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Hubei Yangtze Memory Laboratories, Wuhan 430205, China
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2
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Hatzoglou C, Da Costa G, Wells P, Ren X, Geiser BP, Larson DJ, Demoulin R, Hunnestad K, Talbot E, Mazumder B, Meier D, Vurpillot F. Introducing a Dynamic Reconstruction Methodology for Multilayered Structures in Atom Probe Tomography. Microsc Microanal 2023; 29:1124-1136. [PMID: 37749700 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Atom probe tomography (APT) is a powerful three-dimensional nanoanalyzing microscopy technique considered key in modern materials science. However, progress in the spatial reconstruction of APT data has been rather limited since the first implementation of the protocol proposed by Bas et al. in 1995. This paper proposes a simple semianalytical approach to reconstruct multilayered structures, i.e., two or more different compounds stacked perpendicular to the analysis direction. Using a field evaporation model, the general dynamic evolution of parameters involved in the reconstruction of this type of structure is estimated. Some experimental reconstructions of different structures through the implementation of this method that dynamically accommodates variations in the tomographic reconstruction parameters are presented. It is shown both experimentally and theoretically that the depth accuracy of reconstructed APT images is improved using this method. The method requires few parameters in order to be easily usable and substantially improves atom probe tomographic reconstructions of multilayered structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantinos Hatzoglou
- INSA Rouen Normandie, CNRS, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux UMR 6634, Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen Normandie, CNRS, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux UMR 6634, Rouen F-76000, France
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Gérald Da Costa
- INSA Rouen Normandie, CNRS, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux UMR 6634, Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen Normandie, CNRS, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux UMR 6634, Rouen F-76000, France
| | | | | | - Brian P Geiser
- CAMECA Instruments Inc., 5470 Nobel Dr., Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | - David J Larson
- CAMECA Instruments Inc., 5470 Nobel Dr., Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | - Remi Demoulin
- INSA Rouen Normandie, CNRS, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux UMR 6634, Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen Normandie, CNRS, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux UMR 6634, Rouen F-76000, France
| | - Kasper Hunnestad
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Etienne Talbot
- INSA Rouen Normandie, CNRS, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux UMR 6634, Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen Normandie, CNRS, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux UMR 6634, Rouen F-76000, France
| | - Baishakhi Mazumder
- Department of Material Design and Innovation, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Dennis Meier
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - François Vurpillot
- INSA Rouen Normandie, CNRS, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux UMR 6634, Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen Normandie, CNRS, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux UMR 6634, Rouen F-76000, France
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3
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Hobzova R, Sirc J, Shrestha K, Mudrova B, Bosakova Z, Slouf M, Munzarova M, Hrabeta J, Feglarova T, Cocarta AI. Multilayered Polyurethane/Poly(vinyl alcohol) Nanofibrous Mats for Local Topotecan Delivery as a Potential Retinoblastoma Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051398. [PMID: 37242640 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Local chemotherapy using polymer drug delivery systems has the potential to treat some cancers, including intraocular retinoblastoma, which is difficult to treat with systemically delivered drugs. Well-designed carriers can provide the required drug concentration at the target site over a prolonged time, reduce the overall drug dose needed, and suppress severe side effects. Herein, nanofibrous carriers of the anticancer agent topotecan (TPT) with a multilayered structure composed of a TPT-loaded inner layer of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and outer covering layers of polyurethane (PUR) are proposed. Scanning electron microscopy showed homogeneous incorporation of TPT into the PVA nanofibers. HPLC-FLD proved the good loading efficiency of TPT (≥85%) with a content of the pharmacologically active lactone TPT of more than 97%. In vitro release experiments demonstrated that the PUR cover layers effectively reduced the initial burst release of hydrophilic TPT. In a 3-round experiment with human retinoblastoma cells (Y-79), TPT showed prolonged release from the sandwich-structured nanofibers compared with that from a PVA monolayer, with significantly enhanced cytotoxic effects as a result of an increase in the PUR layer thickness. The presented PUR-PVA/TPT-PUR nanofibers appear to be promising carriers of active TPT lactone that could be useful for local cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radka Hobzova
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 162 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Sirc
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 162 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kusum Shrestha
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 162 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Mudrova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Bosakova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Slouf
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 162 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Jan Hrabeta
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Feglarova
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ana-Irina Cocarta
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 162 06 Prague, Czech Republic
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Yin L, Wang Q, Zhao H, Bai J. Improved Energy Density Obtained in Trilayered Poly(vinylidene fluoride)-Based Composites by Introducing Two-Dimensional BN and TiO 2 Nanosheets. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:16079-16089. [PMID: 36921354 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Dielectric capacitors with an ultrahigh power density have received extensive attention due to their potential applications in advanced electronic devices. However, their inherent low energy density restricts their application for miniaturization and integration of advanced dielectric capacitors. Herein, a novel composite entirely incorporated with two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets with a topological trilayered construction is prepared by a solution casting and hot-pressing method. The 2D boron nitride nanosheets (BNNS) with a wide band gap that are oriented in a poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) matrix to form the upper and bottom outer layers would efficiently suppress the leakage current in composites, thus significantly improving the overall breakdown strength. Meanwhile, the 2D anatase-type TiO2 nanosheets (TONS) uniformly distributed in the middle layer can enhance their interfacial compatibility and polarization with the PVDF matrix, leading to a synergistic improvement in both the breakdown strength and dielectric constant of the composite. In particular, a significantly improved dielectric constant of ∼11.42, a reduced dielectric loss of 0.03 at 100 Hz, and a maximum discharge energy density (Udis) of 10.17 J cm-3 at an electric field of 370.1 MV m-1 can be obtained from the trilayered composite containing 3 wt % 2D TONS in the middle layer and 2 wt % 2D BNNS on the outer layer. The finding of this research offers an effective strategy for the preparation of advanced polymer-based composites with an outstanding discharge energy density performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yin
- International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, Institute of Photonics & Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Qian Wang
- International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, Institute of Photonics & Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Hang Zhao
- International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, Institute of Photonics & Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Jinbo Bai
- Laboratoire de Mécanique des Sols, Structures et Matériaux, CNRS UMR 8579, Centrale-Supélec, Université Paris-Saclay, 8-10 rue Joliot Curie, Gif-sur-Yvette 91190, France
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5
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Jin S, Xiao M, Zhang W, Wang B, Zhao C. Daytime Sub-Ambient Radiative Cooling with Vivid Structural Colors Mediated by Coupled Nanocavities. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:54676-54687. [PMID: 36454716 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c15573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Daytime radiative cooling is a promising passive cooling technology for combating global warming. Existing daytime radiative coolers usually show whitish colors due to their high broadband solar reflectivity, which is not suitable for aesthetic demands and effective display. It is challenging to produce high-cooling performance materials with vivid colors because colors are often produced by the absorption of visible light, decreasing net cooling power. In this work, we design a series of colorful multilayered radiative coolers (CMRCs) consisting of an optimized selective emitter for cooling and coupled nanocavities for structural coloration, which can successfully delicately balance the trade-off between the chromaticity and cooling performance. By judiciously designing the geometric parameters and manipulating the coupling effect inside the coupled nanocavities, our coolers show sub-ambient cooling performance and a larger color gamut (occupying 17.7% sRGB area) than reported ones. We further fabricate CMRCs and demonstrate that they have temperature drops of 3.4-4.4 °C on average based on outdoor experiments. These CMRCs are promising in thermal management of electronic/optoelectronic devices and outdoor facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghao Jin
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, China
| | - Ming Xiao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu610065, China
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, China
| | - Boxiang Wang
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, China
| | - Changying Zhao
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, China
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6
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Lu Y, Sun Q, Zuo C, Tang C, Song H, Li C. Fabrication of Ag micro-particles based on stress-induced migration by using multilayered structure with artificial holes array. Sci Prog 2021; 104:368504211038182. [PMID: 34468244 PMCID: PMC10461468 DOI: 10.1177/00368504211038182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Silver micro/nanomaterials have attracted a great deal of attention due to their superior physicochemical properties. The atomic migration driven by electromigration or stress-induced migration has been demonstrated to be a promising method for the fabrication of metallic micro-/nanomaterials because of the advantage of simple processing. However, how to realize the controllable fabrication and mass production is still the critical technical problem for the method to be used in large-scale industrial applications. In this paper, the multilayered samples consisted of copper foil substrate, Ti adhesive layer, Ag film, and TiN passivation layer and with arrays of artificial holes on the passivation layer were applied to prepare arrays of Ag micro-particles. For the purpose of controllable fabrication, stress-induced migration experiments combined with finite element simulation were applied to analyze the influence of the passivation layer thickness and the heating temperature on the atom migration and Ag particles growing behavior. And the relationship between size of the fabricated Ag particles and the processing parameters of stress-induced migration experiments were also investigated. As a result, a proper structure size of the multilayered samples and heating temperature were recommended, which can be used for the Ag micro-particles controllable fabrication and mass production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yebo Lu
- College of Mechanical and Electrical
Engineering, Jiaxing University, China
| | - Quan Sun
- College of Mechanical and Electrical
Engineering, Jiaxing University, China
| | - Chuncheng Zuo
- College of Mechanical and Electrical
Engineering, Jiaxing University, China
| | - Chengli Tang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical
Engineering, Jiaxing University, China
| | - Haijun Song
- College of Mechanical and Electrical
Engineering, Jiaxing University, China
| | - Chao Li
- School of Mechanical and Power
Engineering, East China University of Science and
Technology, China
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7
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Chen D, Cui X, Chen H. Dual-composite drag-reduction surface based on the multilayered structure and mechanical properties of tuna skin. Microsc Res Tech 2021; 84:1862-1872. [PMID: 33665946 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Energy efficiency and friction reduction have attracted considerable research attention. To design low drag surfaces, researchers derived inspiration from nature on various types of drag reduction methods with exceptional functional surfaces, such as fish skin that possesses low friction. Fishes with high-performance swimming possess a range of physiological and mechanical adaptations that are of considerable interest to physiologists, ecologists, and engineers. Although tuna is a fast-swimming ocean-based predator, most people focus their attention on its nutritional value. In this study, the multilayered structures and mechanical properties of tuna skin are first analyzed, and then the drag-reduction effect of the bionic fish-scale and dual-composite surfaces are studied based on the computational fluid dynamics method. The results indicate that tuna skin is composed of five layers, with the fish scale covered by a flexible epidermis layer. According to the uniaxial tension results, the modulus and tensile strength of the epidermis are obtained as 1.17 and 20 MPa, respectively. The nanoindentation results show that the modulus and hardness of the outer surface of the fish scale are larger than that of the inner surface, while those of the dry state are larger than those of the hydrated state. The simulation results show that both the bionic fish-scale and dual-composite surfaces display drag reduction, with the maximum drag-reduction rate of 25.7% achieved by the bionic dual-composite surface. These findings can offer a reference for in-depth performance analysis of the hydrodynamics of tuna and provide new sources of inspiration for drag reduction and antifouling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengke Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Xianxian Cui
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Huawei Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
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8
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Tachikawa S, Ordonez-Miranda J, Wu Y, Jalabert L, Anufriev R, Volz S, Nomura M. High Surface Phonon-Polariton in-Plane Thermal Conductance along Coupled Films. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:E1383. [PMID: 32679879 PMCID: PMC7407836 DOI: 10.3390/nano10071383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Surface phonon-polaritons (SPhPs) are evanescent electromagnetic waves that can propagate distances orders of magnitude longer than the typical mean free paths of phonons and electrons. Therefore, they are expected to be powerful heat carriers capable of significantly enhancing the in-plane thermal conductance of polar nanostructures. In this work, we show that a SiO 2 /Si (10 μ m thick)/SiO 2 layered structure efficiently enhances the SPhP heat transport, such that its in-plane thermal conductance is ten times higher than the corresponding one of a single SiO 2 film, due to the coupling of SPhPs propagating along both of its polar SiO 2 nanolayers. The obtained results thus show that the proposed three-layer structure can outperform the in-plane thermal performance of a single suspended film while improving significantly its mechanical stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeko Tachikawa
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan; (Y.W.); (L.J.); (R.A.); (S.V.)
| | - Jose Ordonez-Miranda
- Institut Pprime, CNRS, Universite de Poitiers, ISAE-ENSMA, F-86962 Futuroscope Chasseneuil, France;
| | - Yunhui Wu
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan; (Y.W.); (L.J.); (R.A.); (S.V.)
| | - Laurent Jalabert
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan; (Y.W.); (L.J.); (R.A.); (S.V.)
- Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronic Systems/National Center for Scientific Research-Institute of Industrial Science (LIMMS/CNRS-IIS), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Roman Anufriev
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan; (Y.W.); (L.J.); (R.A.); (S.V.)
| | - Sebastian Volz
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan; (Y.W.); (L.J.); (R.A.); (S.V.)
- Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronic Systems/National Center for Scientific Research-Institute of Industrial Science (LIMMS/CNRS-IIS), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nomura
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan; (Y.W.); (L.J.); (R.A.); (S.V.)
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9
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Afzal MS, Shim H, Roh Y. Design of a Piezoelectric Multilayered Structure for Ultrasound Sensors Using the Equivalent Circuit Method. Sensors (Basel) 2018; 18:E4491. [PMID: 30567406 DOI: 10.3390/s18124491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the electroacoustic behavior of a piezoelectric multilayered structure for ultrasonic sensors using the equivalent circuit method (ECM). We first derived the vertical deflection of the multilayered structure as a function of pressure and voltage using equilibrium equations of the structure. The deflection derived in this work is novel in that it includes the effect of piezoelectricity as well as the external pressure on the radiating surface. Subsequently, the circuit parameters were derived from the vertical deflection. The acoustic characteristics of the structure were then analyzed using the electro-acoustical model of an ultrasonic sensor for in-air application. Using the equivalent circuit, we analyzed the effects of various structural parameters on the acoustic properties of the structure such as resonance frequency, radiated sound pressure, and beam pattern. The validity of the ECM was verified initially by comparing the results with those from the finite element analysis (FEA) of the same structure. Furthermore, experimental testing of an actual ultrasonic sensor was carried out to verify the efficacy of the ECM. The ECM presented in this study can estimate the performance characteristics of a piezoelectric multilayered structure with high rapidity and efficiency.
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10
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Jiang X, Yang Z, Wang Z, Zhang F, You F, Yao C. Preparation and Sound Absorption Properties of a Barium Titanate/Nitrile Butadiene Rubber-Polyurethane Foam Composite with Multilayered Structure. Materials (Basel) 2018; 11:ma11040474. [PMID: 29565321 PMCID: PMC5951320 DOI: 10.3390/ma11040474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Barium titanate/nitrile butadiene rubber (BT/NBR) and polyurethane (PU) foam were combined to prepare a sound-absorbing material with an alternating multilayered structure. The effects of the cell size of PU foam and the alternating unit number on the sound absorption property of the material were investigated. The results show that the sound absorption efficiency at a low frequency increased when decreasing the cell size of PU foam layer. With the increasing of the alternating unit number, the material shows the sound absorption effect in a wider bandwidth of frequency. The BT/NBR-PU foam composites with alternating multilayered structure have an excellent sound absorption property at low frequency due to the organic combination of airflow resistivity, resonance absorption, and interface dissipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueliang Jiang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Zhen Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Zhijie Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Fuqing Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Feng You
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Chu Yao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
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11
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West BM, Stuckelberger M, Jeffries A, Gangam S, Lai B, Stripe B, Maser J, Rose V, Vogt S, Bertoni MI. X-ray fluorescence at nanoscale resolution for multicomponent layered structures: a solar cell case study. J Synchrotron Radiat 2017; 24:288-295. [PMID: 28009569 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577516015721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The study of a multilayered and multicomponent system by spatially resolved X-ray fluorescence microscopy poses unique challenges in achieving accurate quantification of elemental distributions. This is particularly true for the quantification of materials with high X-ray attenuation coefficients, depth-dependent composition variations and thickness variations. A widely applicable procedure for use after spectrum fitting and quantification is described. This procedure corrects the elemental distribution from the measured fluorescence signal, taking into account attenuation of the incident beam and generated fluorescence from multiple layers, and accounts for sample thickness variations. Deriving from Beer-Lambert's law, formulae are presented in a general integral form and numerically applicable framework. The procedure is applied using experimental data from a solar cell with a Cu(In,Ga)Se2 absorber layer, measured at two separate synchrotron beamlines with varied measurement geometries. This example shows the importance of these corrections in real material systems, which can change the interpretation of the measured distributions dramatically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley M West
- School of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, 551 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Michael Stuckelberger
- School of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, 551 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - April Jeffries
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, 551 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Srikanth Gangam
- School of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, 551 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Barry Lai
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Benjamin Stripe
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Jörg Maser
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Volker Rose
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Stefan Vogt
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Mariana I Bertoni
- School of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, 551 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
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12
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Yu F, Deng H, Bai H, Zhang Q, Wang K, Chen F, Fu Q. Confine Clay in an Alternating Multilayered Structure through Injection Molding: A Simple and Efficient Route to Improve Barrier Performance of Polymeric Materials. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:10178-10189. [PMID: 25915444 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Various methods have been devoted to trigger the formation of multilayered structure for wide range of applications. These methods are often complicated with low production efficiency or require complex equipment. Herein, we demonstrate a simple and efficient method for the fabrication of polymeric sheets containing multilayered structure with enhanced barrier property through high speed thin-wall injection molding (HSIM). To achieve this, montmorillonite (MMT) is added into PE first, then blended with PP to fabricate PE-MMT/PP ternary composites. It is demonstrated that alternating multilayer structure could be obtained in the ternary composites because of low interfacial tension and good viscosity match between different polymer components. MMT is selectively dispersed in PE phase with partial exfoliated/partial intercalated microstructure. 2D-WAXD analysis indicates that the clay tactoids in PE-MMT/PP exhibits an uniplanar-axial orientation with their surface parallel to the molded part surface, while the tactoids in binary PE-MMT composites with the same overall MMT contents illustrate less orientation. The enhanced orientation of nanoclay in PE-MMT/PP could be attributed to the confinement of alternating multilayer structure, which prohibits the tumbling and rotation of nanoplatelets. Therefore, the oxygen barrier property of PE-MMT/PP is superior to that of PE-MMT because of increased gas permeation pathway. Comparing with the results obtained for PE based composites in literature, outstanding barrier property performance (45.7% and 58.2% improvement with 1.5 and 2.5 wt % MMT content, respectively) is achieved in current study. Two issues are considered responsible for such improvement: enhanced MMT orientation caused by the confinement in layered structure, and higher local density of MMT in layered structure induced denser assembly. Finally, enhancement in barrier property by confining impermeable filler into alternating multilayer structure through such simple and efficient method could provide a novel route toward high-performance packaging materials and other functional materials require layered structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feilong Yu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Hua Deng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Hongwei Bai
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Ke Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Feng Chen
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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Gao X, Li J, Xie Y, Guan D, Yuan C. A multilayered silicon-reduced graphene oxide electrode for high performance lithium-ion batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:7855-7862. [PMID: 25826636 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b01230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A multilayered structural silicon-reduced graphene oxide electrode with superior electrochemical performance was synthesized from bulk Si particles through inexpensive electroless etching and graphene self-encapsulating approach. The prepared composite electrode presents a stable charge-discharge performance with high rate, showing a reversible capacity of 2787 mAh g(-1) at a charging rate of 100 mA g(-1), and a stable capacity over 1000 mAh g(-1) was retained at 1 A g(-1) after 50 cycles with a high columbic efficiency of 99% during the whole cycling process. This superior performance can be attributed to its novel multilayered structure with porous Si particles encapsulated, which can effectively accommodate the large volume change during the lithiation process and provide increased electrical conductivity. This facile low-cost approach offers a promising route to develop an optimized carbon encapsulated Si electrode for future industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfeng Gao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Jianyang Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Yuanyuan Xie
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Dongsheng Guan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Chris Yuan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
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Gao W, Zheng Y, Shen J, Guo S. Electrical properties of polypropylene-based composites controlled by multilayered distribution of conductive particles. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:1541-1549. [PMID: 25549245 DOI: 10.1021/am506773c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Materials consisting of alternating layers of pure polypropylene (PP) and carbon black filled polypropylene (PPCB) were fabricated in this work. The electrical behaviors of the multilayered composites were investigated from two directions: (1) Parallel to interfaces. The confined layer space allowed for a more compact connection between CB particles, while the conductive pathways tended to be broken up with increasing number of layers leading to a distinct enhancement of the electrical resistivity due to the separation of insulated PP layers. (2) Vertical to interfaces. The alternating assemblies of insulated and conductive layers like a parallel-plate capacitor made the electrical conductivity become frequency dependent. Following the layer multiplication process, the dielectric permittivity was significantly enhanced due to the accumulation of electrical charges at interfaces. Thus, as a microwave was incident on the dielectric medium, the interfacial polarization made the main contribution to inherent dissipation of microwave energy, so that the absorbing peak became strengthened when the material had more layers. Furthermore, the layer interfaces in the multilayered system were also effective to inhibit the propagation of cracks in the stretching process, leading to a larger elongation at the break than that of the PP/CB conventional system, which provided a potential route to fabricate electrical materials with optimal mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanli Gao
- Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University , State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
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Sirc J, Kubinova S, Hobzova R, Stranska D, Kozlik P, Bosakova Z, Marekova D, Holan V, Sykova E, Michalek J. Controlled gentamicin release from multi-layered electrospun nanofibrous structures of various thicknesses. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:5315-25. [PMID: 23071393 PMCID: PMC3469095 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s35781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyvinyl alcohol nanofibers incorporating the wide spectrum antibiotic gentamicin were prepared by Nanospider™ needleless technology. A polyvinyl alcohol layer, serving as a drug reservoir, was covered from both sides by polyurethane layers of various thicknesses. The multilayered structure of the nanofibers was observed using scanning electron microscopy, the porosity was characterized by mercury porosimetry, and nitrogen adsorption/desorption measurements were used to determine specific surface areas. The stability of the gentamicin released from the electrospun layers was proved by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and inhibition of bacterial growth. Drug release was investigated using in vitro experiments with HPLC/MS quantification, while the antimicrobial efficacy was evaluated on Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Both experiments proved that the released gentamicin retained its activity and showed that the retention of the drug in the nanofibers was prolonged with the increasing thickness of the covering layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Sirc
- Department of Polymer Gels, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.
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