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Schiano C, Sephton B, Aiello R, Graffitti F, Lal N, Chiuri A, Santoro S, Amato LS, Marrucci L, de Lisio C, D’Ambrosio V. Engineering quantum states from a spatially structured quantum eraser. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadm9278. [PMID: 39047105 PMCID: PMC11268414 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adm9278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Quantum interference is a central resource in many quantum-enhanced tasks, from computation to communication. While usually occurring between identical photons, it can also be enabled by performing projective measurements that render the photons indistinguishable, a process known as quantum erasing. Structured light forms another hallmark of photonics, achieved by manipulating the degrees of freedom of light, and enables a multitude of applications in both classical and quantum regimes. By combining these ideas, we design and experimentally demonstrate a simple and robust scheme that tailors quantum interference to engineer photonic states with spatially structured coalescence along the transverse profile, a type of quantum mode with no classical counterpart. To achieve this, we locally tune the distinguishability of a photon pair by spatially structuring the polarization and creating a structured quantum eraser. We believe that these spatially engineered multiphoton quantum states may be of significance in fields such as quantum metrology, microscopy, and communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Schiano
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Bereneice Sephton
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Roberto Aiello
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesco Graffitti
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Nijil Lal
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Andrea Chiuri
- Enea–Centro Ricerche Frascati, via E. Fermi 45, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - Simone Santoro
- Enea–Centro Ricerche Frascati, via E. Fermi 45, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - Luigi Santamaria Amato
- Italian Space Agency (ASI), Centro di Geodesia Spaziale ‘Giuseppe Colombo’, Località Terlecchia, 75100 Matera, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Marrucci
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- CNR-ISASI, Institute of Applied Science and Intelligent Systems, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - Corrado de Lisio
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo D’Ambrosio
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
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Roberts K, Wolley O, Gregory T, Padgett MJ. A comparison between the measurement of quantum spatial correlations using qCMOS photon-number resolving and electron multiplying CCD camera technologies. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14687. [PMID: 38918443 PMCID: PMC11199506 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64674-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Cameras with single-photon sensitivities can be used to measure the spatial correlations between the photon-pairs that are produced by parametric down-conversion. Even when pumped by a single-mode laser, the signal and idler photons are typically distributed over several thousand spatial modes yet strongly correlated with each other in their position and anti-correlated in their transverse momentum. These spatial correlations enable applications in imaging, sensing, communication, and optical processing. Here we show that, using a photon-number resolving camera, spatial correlations can be observed after only a few 10s of seconds of measurement time, thereby demonstrating comparable performance with previous single photon sensitive camera technologies but with the additional capability to resolve photon-number. Consequently, these photon-number resolving technologies are likely to find wide use in quantum, low-light, imaging systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Roberts
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - O Wolley
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - T Gregory
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - M J Padgett
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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Courme B, Vernière C, Svihra P, Gigan S, Nomerotski A, Defienne H. Quantifying high-dimensional spatial entanglement with a single-photon-sensitive time-stamping camera. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:3439-3442. [PMID: 37390150 DOI: 10.1364/ol.487182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
High-dimensional entanglement is a promising resource for quantum technologies. Being able to certify it for any quantum state is essential. However, to date, experimental entanglement certification methods are imperfect and leave some loopholes open. Using a single-photon-sensitive time-stamping camera, we quantify high-dimensional spatial entanglement by collecting all output modes and without background subtraction, two critical steps on the route toward assumptions-free entanglement certification. We show position-momentum Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) correlations and quantify the entanglement of formation of our source to be larger than 2.8 along both transverse spatial axes, indicating a dimension higher than 14. Our work overcomes important challenges in photonic entanglement quantification and paves the way toward the development of practical quantum information processing protocols based on high-dimensional entanglement.
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Gili VF, Dupish D, Vega A, Gandola M, Manuzzato E, Perenzoni M, Gasparini L, Pertsch T, Setzpfandt F. Quantum ghost imaging based on a "looking back" 2D SPAD array. APPLIED OPTICS 2023; 62:3093-3099. [PMID: 37133155 DOI: 10.1364/ao.487084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Quantum ghost imaging (QGI) is an intriguing imaging protocol that exploits photon-pair correlations stemming from spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC). QGI retrieves images from two-path joint measurements, where single-path detection does not allow us to reconstruct the target image. Here we report on a QGI implementation exploiting a two-dimensional (2D) single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array detector for the spatially resolving path. Moreover, the employment of non-degenerate SPDC allows us to investigate samples at infrared wavelengths without the need for short-wave infrared (SWIR) cameras, while the spatial detection can be still performed in the visible region, where the more advanced silicon-based technology can be exploited. Our findings advance QGI schemes towards practical applications.
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Zhao J, Lyons A, Ulku AC, Defienne H, Faccio D, Charbon E. Light detection and ranging with entangled photons. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:3675-3683. [PMID: 35209621 DOI: 10.1364/oe.435898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Single-photon light detection and ranging (LiDAR) is a key technology for depth imaging through complex environments. Despite recent advances, an open challenge is the ability to isolate the LiDAR signal from other spurious sources including background light and jamming signals. Here we show that a time-resolved coincidence scheme can address these challenges by exploiting spatio-temporal correlations between entangled photon pairs. We demonstrate that a photon-pair-based LiDAR can distill desired depth information in the presence of both synchronous and asynchronous spurious signals without prior knowledge of the scene and the target object. This result enables the development of robust and secure quantum LiDAR systems and paves the way to time-resolved quantum imaging applications.
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Camphausen R, Cuevas Á, Duempelmann L, Terborg RA, Wajs E, Tisa S, Ruggeri A, Cusini I, Steinlechner F, Pruneri V. A quantum-enhanced wide-field phase imager. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabj2155. [PMID: 34788099 PMCID: PMC8598016 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj2155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Quantum techniques can be used to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio in optical imaging. Leveraging the latest advances in single-photon avalanche diode array cameras and multiphoton detection techniques, here, we introduce a supersensitive phase imager, which uses space-polarization hyperentanglement to operate over a large field of view without the need of scanning operation. We show quantum-enhanced imaging of birefringent and nonbirefringent phase samples over large areas, with sensitivity improvements over equivalent classical measurements carried out with equal number of photons. The potential applicability is demonstrated by imaging a biomedical protein microarray sample. Our technology is inherently scalable to high-resolution images and represents an essential step toward practical quantum-enhanced imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Camphausen
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Carl Friedrich Gauss, 3, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
- Corresponding author. (R.C.); (Á.C.); (V.P.)
| | - Álvaro Cuevas
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Carl Friedrich Gauss, 3, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
- Corresponding author. (R.C.); (Á.C.); (V.P.)
| | - Luc Duempelmann
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Carl Friedrich Gauss, 3, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roland A. Terborg
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Carl Friedrich Gauss, 3, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ewelina Wajs
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Carl Friedrich Gauss, 3, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Simone Tisa
- Micro Photon Device SRL, Via Waltraud Gebert Deeg 3f, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ruggeri
- Micro Photon Device SRL, Via Waltraud Gebert Deeg 3f, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Iris Cusini
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Via Giuseppe Ponzio, 34, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Fabian Steinlechner
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering IOF, Albert-Einstein-Str. 7, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Albert-Einstein-Str. 6, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Valerio Pruneri
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Carl Friedrich Gauss, 3, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
- Corresponding author. (R.C.); (Á.C.); (V.P.)
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Lerch S, Stefanov A. Experimental requirements for entangled two-photon spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:064201. [PMID: 34391354 DOI: 10.1063/5.0050657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Coherently controlling the spectral properties of energy-entangled photons is a key component of future entangled two-photon spectroscopy schemes that are expected to provide advantages with respect to classical methods. We present here an experimental setup based on a grating compressor. It allows for the spectral shaping of entangled photons with a sevenfold increase in resolution, compared to previous setups with a prism compressor. We evaluate the performances of the shaper by detecting sum frequency generation in a nonlinear crystal with both classical pulses and entangled photon pairs. The efficiency of both processes is experimentally compared and is in accordance with a simple model relating the classical and entangled two-photon absorption coefficients. Finally, the entangled two-photon shaping capability is demonstrated by implementing an interferometric transfer function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Lerch
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - André Stefanov
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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