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Peng J, Cao Y, Wang R, Wang G, Mei J, Liu K, Chen W, Gao X. Simultaneous Detection of Major Greenhouse Gases with Multiresonator Photoacoustic Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2024; 96:14877-14883. [PMID: 39219057 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c02754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Greenhouse gas (GHG) detection plays an important role in climate change research and industry applications. A novel photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) sensor based on multiple resonators has been developed for the detection of GHGs. The major GHGs CO2, CH4, and N2O were measured simultaneously using only one acoustic sensor by coupling three acoustic resonators into a photoacoustic cell. A sinusoidal voltage signal-driven noise source was integrated into a multiresonator photoacoustic cell, allowing convenient calibration of the resonant frequency of the photoacoustic cell. The performance of the sensor was further enhanced by reflecting a laser beam four times in the photoacoustic cell. Allan deviation analysis showed that the minimum detection limits of 2.7 ppm, 90 ppb, and 1 ppb could be achieved for CO2, CH4, and N2O, respectively, over a 300 s integration time. The feasibility of the system was confirmed by continuous measurements of the three major GHGs from different sources for up to 10 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Peng
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei230031, China
| | - Yuan Cao
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei230031, China
| | - Ruifeng Wang
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei230031, China
| | - Guishi Wang
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei230031, China
| | - Jiaoxu Mei
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei230031, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei230031, China
| | - Weidong Chen
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie de l'Atmosphère, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 189A, Av. Maurice Schumann, Dunkerque59140, France
| | - Xiaoming Gao
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei230031, China
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Bayrakli I, Akman H, Sari F. Sensor using a photo-acoustic absorption cell with two perpendicular acoustic resonators to analyze multiple molecules. APPLIED OPTICS 2023; 62:6689-6696. [PMID: 37706801 DOI: 10.1364/ao.495411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
An ultra-high sensitivity multi-molecule sensor based on a photo-acoustic cell with two perpendicular acoustic resonators and a common microphone has been reported. In this work, a 4.5 µm distributed-feedback quantum cascade laser and a 1.5 µm external cavity diode laser (EC-DL) were used as optical excitation sources. Considering the spectral ranges of the lasers used, it is possible to analyze eight molecules (Q C L:N 2 O and C O 2, EC-DL: H 2 O, H 2 S, N H 3, CO, C H 4, and C 2 H 2). The N 2 O molecule was used to evaluate the performance of the photo-acoustic spectroscopy (PAS)-based sensor. A sensitivity of 0.073 V/ppm and a linearity of 0.99 were found by analyzing the PAS signal as a function of N 2 O concentration at 2237.656c m -1. The long-term performance of the sensor was determined by performing an Allan deviation analysis. A minimum detection limit of 9.8 ppb for 90 s integration time was achieved. The simultaneous multi-trace gas detection capability was verified by measurement of N 2 O, C O 2, and H 2 O. Depending on the coarse/fine-tuning ranges of the lasers used, the number of molecules analyzed can be further increased. Such a sensor could provide simultaneous diagnosis of many diseases through an analysis of breath air and simultaneous monitoring of the most important greenhouse gases.
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Zhang L, Liu L, Zhang X, Yin X, Huan H, Liu H, Zhao X, Ma Y, Shao X. T-type cell mediated photoacoustic spectroscopy for simultaneous detection of multi-component gases based on triple resonance modality. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2023; 31:100492. [PMID: 37113272 PMCID: PMC10126918 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2023.100492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing multi-gas detectability using photoacoustic spectroscopy capable of simultaneous detection, highly selectivity and less cross-interference is essential for dissolved gas sensing application. A T-type photoacoustic cell was designed and verified to be an appropriate sensor, due to the resonant frequencies of which are determined jointly by absorption and resonant cylinders. The three designated resonance modes were investigated from both simulation and experiments to present the comparable amplitude responses by introducing excitation beam position optimization. The capability of multi-gas detection was demonstrated by measuring CO, CH4 and C2H2 simultaneously using QCL, ICL and DFB lasers as excitation sources respectively. The influence of potential cross-sensitivity towards humidity have been examined in terms of multi-gas detection. The experimentally determined minimum detection limits of CO, CH4 and C2H2 were 89ppb, 80ppb and 664ppb respectively, corresponding to the normalized noise equivalent absorption coefficients of 5.75 × 10-7 cm-1 W Hz-1/2, 1.97 × 10-8 cm-1 W Hz-1/2 and 4.23 × 10-8 cm-1 W Hz-1/2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Zhang
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China
| | - Lixian Liu
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China
| | - Xueshi Zhang
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China
| | - Xukun Yin
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China
| | - Huiting Huan
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China
| | - Huanyu Liu
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhao
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China
| | - Yufei Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xiaopeng Shao
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China
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Cao Y, Wang R, Peng J, Liu K, Chen W, Wang G, Gao X. Humidity enhanced N 2O photoacoustic sensor with a 4.53 μm quantum cascade laser and Kalman filter. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2021; 24:100303. [PMID: 34540587 PMCID: PMC8441064 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2021.100303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A high-sensitivity N2O photoacoustic sensor using a 4.53 μm quantum cascade laser was developed. Sharply enhancement of photoacoustic signal of N2O with the increasing of humidity was investigated experimentally. Finally, 2.3 % water vapor was added to the analyzed sample to improve the vibrational-translational (V-T) relaxation rate of N2O molecule transition, and therefore enhance the N2O photoacoustic signal. High performance with a minimum detection limit of 28 ppbv in 1 s and a measurement precision of 34 ppbv have been achieved, respectively. Kalman adaptive filtering was used to remove the shot-to-shot variability related to the real-time noise in the measurement data and further improve the measurement precision. Without sacrificing the time resolution of the system, the Kalman adaptive filtering improves the measurement precision of the system by 2.3 times. The ability of the N2O photoacoustic sensor was demonstrated by continuous measurement of atmospheric N2O concentration for a period of 7 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Cao
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Ruifeng Wang
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Jie Peng
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Weidong Chen
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie de l’Atmosphère, Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale, 189A, Av. Maurice Schumann, Dunkerque, 59140, France
| | - Guishi Wang
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Xiaoming Gao
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
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Yin X, Gao M, Miao R, Zhang L, Zhang X, Liu L, Shao X, Tittel FK. Near-infrared laser photoacoustic gas sensor for simultaneous detection of CO and H 2S. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:34258-34268. [PMID: 34809220 DOI: 10.1364/oe.441698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A ppb-level H2S and CO photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) gas sensor was developed by using a two-stage commercial optical fiber amplifier with a full output power of 10 W. Two near-infrared diode lasers with the central wavenumbers of 6320.6 cm-1 and 6377.4 cm-1 were employed as the excitation laser source. A time-division multiplexing method was used to simultaneously detect CO and H2S with an optical switch. A dual-resonator structural photoacoustic cell (PAC) was theoretically simulated and designed with a finite element analysis. A µV level background noise was achieved with the differential and symmetrical PAC. The performance of the multi-component sensor was evaluated after the optimization of frequency, pressure and modulation depth. The minimum detection limits of 31.7 ppb and 342.7 ppb were obtained for H2S and CO at atmospheric pressure.
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