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Chang Lee V, Yue L, Gaarde MB, Chan YH, Qiu DY. Many-body enhancement of high-harmonic generation in monolayer MoS 2. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6228. [PMID: 39043647 PMCID: PMC11266681 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50534-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Many-body effects play an important role in enhancing and modifying optical absorption and other excited-state properties of solids in the perturbative regime, but their role in high harmonic generation (HHG) and other nonlinear response beyond the perturbative regime is not well-understood. We develop here an ab initio many-body method to study nonperturbative HHG based on the real-time propagation of the non-equilibrium Green's function with the GW self energy. We calculate the HHG of monolayer MoS2 and obtain good agreement with experiment, including the reproduction of characteristic patterns of monotonic and nonmonotonic harmonic yield in the parallel and perpendicular responses, respectively. Here, we show that many-body effects are especially important to accurately reproduce the spectral features in the perpendicular response, which reflect a complex interplay of electron-hole interactions (or exciton effects) in tandem with the many-body renormalization and Berry curvature of the independent quasiparticle bandstructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Chang Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Energy Science Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lun Yue
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Mette B Gaarde
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Yang-Hao Chan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Physics Division, National Center of Theoretical Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Diana Y Qiu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Energy Science Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Li Y, Song S, Han Y, Yue S, Du H. Coulomb-induced emission time shifts in high-order harmonic generation from H2. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:18984-18996. [PMID: 38859043 DOI: 10.1364/oe.522826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Accurate emission times of high-order harmonic generation (HHG) are vital for high-precision ultrafast detection in attosecond science, but a quantitative analysis of Coulomb effects on this time is absent in the molecular HHG. Here, we investigate the Coulomb-induced emission-time shift in HHG of H2+ with two different internuclear distances R, where the times obtained via the Gabor transform of numerical data from solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation are used as simulation experiment results. Based on the molecular strong-field approximation, we develop a trajectory-resolved classical model that takes into account the molecular two-center structure. By selecting appropriate electron trajectories and including Coulomb interactions, the classical trajectory method can reproduce Gabor emission times well. This consistence reveals that Coulomb tails cause an emission-time shift of ∼35 as at the R = 2.0 a.u. case and of ∼40-60 as at the R = 2.6 a.u. case under the present laser parameters when compared to the Coulomb-free quantum-orbit model. Our results are of significance to probe the attosecond dynamics via two-center interference.
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Zheng W, Jiang Y, Wang S, Liu C, Bai Y, Liu P, Li R. Frequency shift of even-order high harmonic generation in monolayer MoS 2. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:27029-27040. [PMID: 37710550 DOI: 10.1364/oe.497154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Sub-optical-cycle electron dynamics in materials driven by intense laser fields can be investigated by high harmonic generation. We observed frequency shift of high harmonic spectrum near the band gap of monolayer MoS2 experimentally. Through semi-classical quantum trajectory analysis, we demonstrated that the phase of transition dipole moment varies according to the recombination timing and momentum of tunneled electrons. It results in either blue- or red-shift of harmonic frequencies, determined by the modulated energy gap by transition dipole phases (TDPs) and Berry connections. Our finding reveals the effect of TDPs on high harmonic frequency in non-central symmetric materials.
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Yue L, Gaarde MB. Characterizing Anomalous High-Harmonic Generation in Solids. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:166903. [PMID: 37154628 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.166903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Anomalous high-harmonic generation (HHG) arises in certain solids when irradiated by an intense laser field, originating from a Berry-curvature-induced perpendicular anomalous current. The observation of pure anomalous harmonics is, however, often prohibited by contamination from harmonics stemming from interband coherences. Here, we fully characterize the anomalous HHG mechanism, via development of an ab initio methodology for strong-field laser-solid interaction that allows a rigorous decomposition of the total current. We identify two unique properties of the anomalous harmonic yields: an overall yield increase with laser wavelength; and pronounced minima at certain laser wavelengths and laser intensities around which the spectral phases drastically change. Such signatures can be exploited to disentangle the anomalous harmonics from competing HHG mechanisms, and thus pave the way for the experimental identification and time-domain control of pure anomalous harmonics, as well as reconstruction of Berry curvatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun Yue
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803-4001, USA
| | - Mette B Gaarde
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803-4001, USA
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Hader J, Neuhaus J, Moloney JV, Koch SW. Coulomb enhancement of high harmonic generation in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:2094-2097. [PMID: 37058650 DOI: 10.1364/ol.485551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
High harmonic generation (HHG) in monolayer MoS2 is studied using fully microscopic many-body models based on the semiconductor Bloch equations and density functional theory. It is shown that Coulomb correlations lead to a dramatic enhancement of HHG. In particular, near the bandgap, enhancements of two orders of magnitude or more are observed for a wide range of excitation wavelengths and intensities. For excitation at excitonic resonances, strong absorption leads to spectrally broad sub-floors of the harmonics that is absent without Coulomb interaction. The widths of these sub-floors depend strongly on the dephasing time for polarizations. For times of the order of 10 fs the broadenings are comparable to the Rabi energies and reach one electronvolt at fields of approximately 50 MV/cm. The intensities of these contributions are approximately four to six orders below the peaks of the harmonics.
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Review on the Reconstruction of Transition Dipole Moments by Solid Harmonic Spectrum. Symmetry (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sym14122646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the process of intense laser–matter interactions, the transition dipole moment is a basic physical quantity at the core, which is directly related to the internal structure of the solid and dominates the optical properties of the solid in the intense laser field. Therefore, the reconstruction of the transition dipole moment between solid energy bands is extremely important for clarifying the ultrafast dynamics of carriers in the strong and ultrashort laser pulse. In this review, we introduce recent works of reconstructing transition dipole moment in a solid, and the advantages and drawbacks of different works are discussed.
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Yue L, Hollinger R, Uzundal CB, Nebgen B, Gan Z, Najafidehaghani E, George A, Spielmann C, Kartashov D, Turchanin A, Qiu DY, Gaarde MB, Zuerch M. Signatures of Multiband Effects in High-Harmonic Generation in Monolayer MoS_{2}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:147401. [PMID: 36240395 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.147401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
High-harmonic generation (HHG) in solids has been touted as a way to probe ultrafast dynamics and crystal symmetries in condensed matter systems. Here, we investigate the polarization properties of high-order harmonics generated in monolayer MoS_{2}, as a function of crystal orientation relative to the mid-infrared laser field polarization. At several different laser wavelengths we experimentally observe a prominent angular shift of the parallel-polarized odd harmonics for energies above approximately 3.5 eV, and our calculations indicate that this shift originates in subtle differences in the recombination dipole strengths involving multiple conduction bands. This observation is material specific and is in addition to the angular dependence imposed by the dynamical symmetry properties of the crystal interacting with the laser field, and may pave the way for probing the vectorial character of multiband recombination dipoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun Yue
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Richard Hollinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Materials Sciences Division, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Can B Uzundal
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Materials Sciences Division, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Bailey Nebgen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Materials Sciences Division, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Ziyang Gan
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Emad Najafidehaghani
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Antony George
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Spielmann
- Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Daniil Kartashov
- Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Andrey Turchanin
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Diana Y Qiu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Mette B Gaarde
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Michael Zuerch
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Materials Sciences Division, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
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Li F, Li N, Liu P, Wang Z. High-order harmonic generation from the interference of intra-cycle trajectories in the k-space. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:10280-10292. [PMID: 35472999 DOI: 10.1364/oe.452019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Considering the crystal momenta of the entire k-space, we demonstrate that constructive intra-cycle interference of electrons enhances the high-order harmonic generation (HHG) of a GaN crystal from dominant interband Bloch oscillations. This results in a higher plateau of the HHG spectrum at a driven yield strength below the Bloch field strength. This phenomenon is confirmed in both the two-band and three-band models. Using two-color laser fields, the constructive or destructive interference of interband Bloch oscillations can be tuned. Our findings reveal the essential impact of intra-cycle interference in the full k-space on the HHG in solids.
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