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Liu Y, Wang J, Qi P, Yuan X, Zhang D, Yang R, Yang Y, Tan X. Method for fabricating circular polarization beam splitters based on polarization holography. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:4689-4692. [PMID: 39146136 DOI: 10.1364/ol.534102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Based on polarization holography, circular polarization beam splitters with separation angles of up to 100° have been fabricated. The left- and right-handed circularly polarized waves can be reconstructed by the two holograms that were designed by the tensor theory of polarization holography, respectively. In the fabrication of circular polarization beam splitters, two holograms were recorded only by the interference method in the same area of the polarization-sensitive material. This method is simple, inexpensive, and easy to adjust the separation angles and element size. The diffraction efficiency and the polarization state of the reconstructed waves were tested under different incident waves, and the experimental results are in good agreement with the theory. This work not only deepens our understanding of polarization holography but also expands the applications of polarization holography.
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Wu J, Jin J, Hu P, Li J, Zeng Z, Li Q, Liu J, Chen M, Zhang Z, Wang L, Lin X, Tan X. Sensitivity-Enhancing Modified Holographic Photopolymer of PQ/PMMA. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1484. [PMID: 38891431 PMCID: PMC11174760 DOI: 10.3390/polym16111484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Phenanthrenequinone-doped poly(methyl methacrylate) (PQ/PMMA) photopolymers are potential holographic storage media owing to their high-density storage capacities, low costs, high stability, and negligible shrinkage in volume holographic permanent memory. However, because of the limitations of the substrate, conventional Plexiglas materials do not exhibit a good performance in terms of photosensitivity and molding. In this study, the crosslinked structure of PMMA was modified by introducing a dendrimer monomer, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate (PETA), which increases the photosensitivity of the material 2 times (from ~0.58 cm/J to ~1.18 cm/J), and the diffraction efficiency is increased 1.6 times (from ~50% to ~80%). In addition, the modified material has a superior ability to mold compared to conventional materials. Moreover, the holographic performance enhancement was evaluated in conjunction with a quantum chemical analysis. The doping of PETA resulted in an overall decrease in the energy required for the reaction system of the material, and the activation energy decreased by ~0.5 KJ/mol in the photoreaction stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Wu
- College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; (J.W.); (J.J.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (Q.L.); (J.L.); (M.C.); (Z.Z.); (L.W.)
| | - Junchao Jin
- College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; (J.W.); (J.J.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (Q.L.); (J.L.); (M.C.); (Z.Z.); (L.W.)
| | - Po Hu
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Lighting, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian 463000, China;
| | - Jinhong Li
- College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; (J.W.); (J.J.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (Q.L.); (J.L.); (M.C.); (Z.Z.); (L.W.)
| | - Zeyi Zeng
- College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; (J.W.); (J.J.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (Q.L.); (J.L.); (M.C.); (Z.Z.); (L.W.)
| | - Qingdong Li
- College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; (J.W.); (J.J.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (Q.L.); (J.L.); (M.C.); (Z.Z.); (L.W.)
| | - Jie Liu
- College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; (J.W.); (J.J.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (Q.L.); (J.L.); (M.C.); (Z.Z.); (L.W.)
| | - Mingyong Chen
- College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; (J.W.); (J.J.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (Q.L.); (J.L.); (M.C.); (Z.Z.); (L.W.)
| | - Zuoyu Zhang
- College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; (J.W.); (J.J.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (Q.L.); (J.L.); (M.C.); (Z.Z.); (L.W.)
| | - Li Wang
- College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; (J.W.); (J.J.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (Q.L.); (J.L.); (M.C.); (Z.Z.); (L.W.)
| | - Xiao Lin
- Information Photonics Research Center, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Photoelectric Sensing Application, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Xiaodi Tan
- Information Photonics Research Center, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Photoelectric Sensing Application, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
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Chakraborty D, Georgiev R, Toal V, Naydenova I, Cody D, Martin S. Comparison of holographic recording options for reflection-format and transmission-format coupler-type diffractive optical elements: theoretical exploration and experimental validation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:20385-20400. [PMID: 38859151 DOI: 10.1364/oe.522326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
The holographic recording of gratings that have very large diffraction angles and/or slants is challenging because recording requires beam angles that are not possible without the use of prisms. However, by using a recording wavelength that is different from (usually shorter than) the intended operating wavelength, it is possible to record with less challenging beam angles. In this paper, a recently developed model that allows systematic investigation of the potential and limits of this wavelength-shift recording technique is extended to include a reflection format. Transmission and reflection recording options are compared systematically for the first time, and it is shown that in reflection recording, some couplers can be recorded more easily when the recording wavelength is longer than the operating wavelength. This opens up new design options for previously challenging regions of the spectrum. Experimental validation of the reflection version of the model is carried out by holographic recording in reflection mode at 532 nm in Bayfol HX 200 photopolymer, demonstrating the coupling of blue light.
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Jin J, Hu P, Song H, Li J, Wu J, Zeng Z, Li Q, Wang L, Lin X, Tan X. Highly sensitive and repeatable recording photopolymer for holographic data storage containing N-methylpyrrolidone. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:930-938. [PMID: 38093700 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01729j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The low photosensitivity of phenanthraquinone-doped poly(methyl methacrylate) (PQ/PMMA) severely limits its recording speed for holographic data storage. A high-performance holographic recording medium based on a unique combination of N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) regulated PQ/PMMA has been developed. A NMP-PQ/PMMA photopolymer with high sensitivity, high diffraction efficiency and negligible volume shrinkage was successfully fabricated by tuning the composition of the PMMA matrix by varying the ratio of NMP to monomers. The photosensitivity is increased by 6.9 times (from 0.27 cm J-1 to 1.86 cm J-1), the diffraction efficiency is increased from 60% to > 80%, and volume shrinkage is decreased by a factor of 2 (from 0.4% to 0.2%). Further investigation revealed that the addition of NMP significantly reduced the molecular weight of PMMA and increased the amount of MMA residuals, while also improving the solubility of PQ molecules. More interestingly, for the first time, the NMP-PQ/PMMA material could record data information repeatedly at least 6 times. The present study elucidates that the introduction of NMP not only modulates the molecular weight of PMMA but also enables the residual monomer MMA to more easily combine with PQ to form a photoproduct for improved holographic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchao Jin
- College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China.
| | - Po Hu
- College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China.
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Lighting, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian 463000, China
| | - Haiyang Song
- College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China.
| | - Jinhong Li
- College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China.
| | - Junhui Wu
- College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China.
| | - Zeyi Zeng
- College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China.
| | - Qingdong Li
- College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China.
| | - Li Wang
- College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China.
| | - Xiao Lin
- College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China.
| | - Xiaodi Tan
- College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China.
- Information Photonics Research Center, Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Science and for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Photoelectric Sensing Application, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China.
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Wang P, Sun X, Liu P. Holographic Grating Enhancement Induced by a Dual-Photo-Initiator System in PMMA Substrate Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 16:126. [PMID: 38201791 PMCID: PMC10780535 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Polymer systems induced by the reaction between monomers and photo-initiators play a crucial role in the formation of volume-phase gratings. In this paper, we fabricated a dual-photo-initiator photopolymer by doping EY (Eosin Yellow) molecules into a TI (Titanocene, Irgacure 784@BASF) dispersed PMMA (poly-[methyl methacrylate]) substrate system, with the aim of promoting the diffusion and polymerization processes in volume holographic storage. The two-wave interference system is adopted to record a permanent grating structure in our materials. The temporal diffraction variations of photopolymerization (during the interference exposure) and dark diffusion (after the interference exposure) processes have been investigated and analyzed. Aiming to analyze the influence of EY doping ratios on holographic performances, some key parameters were examined in the experiment. We first measured the temporal evolution of diffraction efficiency, then an exponential fitting was adopted to obtain the response time. Finally, the angular selectivity was evaluated by the Bragg condition after holographic recording. Also, the temporal evolution of each component is described by the nonlocal polymerization-driven diffusion model with a dual-photo-initiator composition, theoretically. Furthermore, we experimentally achieved the holographic grating enhancement in both the dark diffusion and photopolymerization processes by doping appropriate EY concentrations, respectively. This work provides a foundation for the acceptability of TI&EY/PMMA polymers in further holographic storage research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyao Wang
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, China;
| | - Xiudong Sun
- Institute of Modern Optics, School of Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Micro-Optics and Photonic Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China;
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Peng Liu
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, China;
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Ye T, Wang J, Liu J, Qi P, Huang L, Yuan X, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Lin X, Huang Z, Tan X. Generation of vector beams based on diffraction characteristics of a linear polarization hologram in coaxial recording. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:7764-7773. [PMID: 36859901 DOI: 10.1364/oe.480323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Polarization holography is an effective tool for realizing light field manipulation and can be utilized to generate vector beams. Based on the diffraction characteristics of a linear polarization hologram in coaxial recording, an approach for generating arbitrary vector beams is proposed. Unlike the previous methods for generating vector beams, in this work, it is independent of faithful reconstruction effect and the arbitrary linear polarization waves can be used as reading waves. The desired generalized vector beam polarization patterns can be adjusted by changing the polarized direction angle of the reading wave. Therefore, it is more flexible than the previously reported methods in generating vector beams. The experimental results are consistent with the theoretical prediction.
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