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Zhu Y, Lam MY, Wang N, Zhang X. Optofluidic tunable filters using ionic liquid electrolyte capacitors. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:4698-4708. [PMID: 38297664 DOI: 10.1364/oe.515689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Tunable optical filter is a basic component for most optical systems. This study reports a unique design of Fabry-Pérot (FP) tunable filter by using an ionic liquid solution. The tunable filter consists of two neighboring regions: capacitor region and FP region. The former is in the form of electrolyte capacitor and the latter remains transparent as an FP cavity for light transmission. When the capacitor region is applied with a bias voltage, it attracts the ions from the FP region and thus reduces the ion concentration of the FP region, resulting in a change of the refractive index and eventually a shift of transmission peak of the FP cavity. Among four electrolyte solutions studied, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (BMIM-PF6) exhibits the best overall performance, such as low insertion loss (3.2 dB), large side mode suppression ratio (23 dB) and high stability (drift <0.2 nm). Additionally, a wavelength tuning of 0.17 nm/V is achieved over 0-17 V, providing a tunable range of 3 nm. This device features low bias voltage, no mechanical movement, easy fabrication and seamless integration with microfluidics systems, and may find potential applications in spectral analyzers and lab-on-a-chip biosensing systems.
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Wu Y, Duan B, Li C, Yang D. Multimode sensing based on optical microcavities. FRONTIERS OF OPTOELECTRONICS 2023; 16:29. [PMID: 37889446 PMCID: PMC10611689 DOI: 10.1007/s12200-023-00084-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Optical microcavities have the ability to confine photons in small mode volumes for long periods of time, greatly enhancing light-matter interactions, and have become one of the research hotspots in international academia. In recent years, sensing applications in complex environments have inspired the development of multimode optical microcavity sensors. These multimode sensors can be used not only for multi-parameter detection but also to improve measurement precision. In this review, we introduce multimode sensing methods based on optical microcavities and present an overview of the multimode single/multi-parameter optical microcavities sensors. Expected further research activities are also put forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanran Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China
| | - Bing Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China
| | - Changhong Li
- School of Electronic Information, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Daquan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China.
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China.
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Zhao X, Guo Z, Zhou Y, Guo J, Liu Z, Luo M, Li Y, Wang Q, Zhang M, Yang X, Wang Y, Sun YL, Wu X. Highly sensitive, modification-free, and dynamic real-time stereo-optical immuno-sensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 237:115477. [PMID: 37352760 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Modification-free biosensing with high specificity and sensitivity is essential for miniaturized, online, integrated, and rapid, or even real-time molecular analyses. However, most optical biosensors are based on surface pre-modification or fluorescent labeling, and have either low sensitivity or low quality factor (Q). To address these difficulties, in this study, an optical sensor prototype was developed with a microbubble optofluidic channel integrated inside a Fabry-Pérot cavity to three-dimensionally tailor the intra-cavity light field via the intra-cavity lensing (microbubble) configuration. A high Q-factor (∼105), small mode volume, and high light energy density were experimentally achieved with this "stereo-sensor" while maintaining an ultrahigh refractive index (RI) sensitivity (679 nm/RIU) and ultra-small RI resolution (∼10-7 RIU at 950 nm). Moreover, specific detection of very low concentration of biomolecules (5 fg/mL for human IgG and 0.5 pg/mL for human serum albumin (HSA)) and wide range of protein concentrations (e.g., fg/mL-ng/mL for human IgG and pg/mL-ng/mL for HSA) without probe pre-modification were achieved owing to the RI change specifically associated with the probe-target binding and the corresponding bio-macromolecular conformation change. This modification-free stereosensing scenario is applicable to continuous, real-time, and multiplexed operations, thus showing potential for online, integrated, dynamic, biomolecular analyses in vitro or in vivo, such as the dynamic metabolic analysis of single cells or organoids and point-of-care tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyang Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zhihe Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Junhong Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zhiran Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Man Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yuxiang Li
- The Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Qi Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Southwest Institute of Technical Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Southwest Institute of Technical Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - You Wang
- Southwest Institute of Technical Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Yun-Lu Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Xiang Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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Wu S, Lv N, Geng Y, Chen X, Wang G, He S. Optical Fiber Fabry-Pérot Microfluidic Sensor Based on Capillary Fiber and Side Illumination Method. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:3198. [PMID: 36991908 PMCID: PMC10053381 DOI: 10.3390/s23063198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, an optical fiber Fabry-Pérot (FP) microfluidic sensor based on the capillary fiber (CF) and side illumination method is designed. The hybrid FP cavity (HFP) is naturally formed by the inner air hole and silica wall of CF which is side illuminated by another single mode fiber (SMF). The CF acts as a naturally microfluidic channel, which can be served as a potential microfluidic solution concentration sensor. Moreover, the FP cavity formed by silica wall is insensitive to ambient solution refractive index but sensitive to the temperature. Thus, the HFP sensor can simultaneously measure microfluidic refractive index (RI) and temperature by cross-sensitivity matrix method. Three sensors with different inner air hole diameters were selected to fabricate and characterize the sensing performance. The interference spectra corresponding to each cavity length can be separated from each amplitude peak in the FFT spectra with a proper bandpass filter. Experimental results indicate that the proposed sensor with excellent sensing performance of temperature compensation is low-cost and easy to build, which is suitable for in situ monitoring and high-precision sensing of drug concentration and the optical constants of micro-specimens in the biomedical and biochemical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Wu
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China; (S.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- School of Information Science and Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Nanfei Lv
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China; (S.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuhang Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaolu Chen
- South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Gaoxuan Wang
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China; (S.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- School of Information Science and Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Sailing He
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China; (S.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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