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Kiani M, Haghighatzadeh A. Synthesis and Characterization of ZnS/Ag2S Nanocomposites with Enhanced Kerr-Type Optical Nonlinearity. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-020-01681-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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2
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Enhancing Third- and Fifth-Order Nonlinearity via Tunneling in Multiple Quantum Dots. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9030423. [PMID: 30871079 PMCID: PMC6473951 DOI: 10.3390/nano9030423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The nonlinearity of semiconductor quantum dots under the condition of low light levels has many important applications. In this study, linear absorption, self-Kerr nonlinearity, fifth-order nonlinearity and cross-Kerr nonlinearity of multiple quantum dots, which are coupled by multiple tunneling, are investigated by using the probability amplitude method. It is found that the linear and nonlinear properties of multiple quantum dots can be modified by the tunneling intensity and energy splitting of the system. Most importantly, it is possible to realize enhanced self-Kerr nonlinearity, fifth-order nonlinearity and cross-Kerr nonlinearity with low linear absorption by choosing suitable parameters for the multiple quantum dots. These results have many potential applications in nonlinear optics and quantum information devices using semiconductor quantum dots.
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3
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Sebbag Y, Barash Y, Levy U. Generation of coherent mid-IR light by parametric four-wave mixing in alkali vapor. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:971-974. [PMID: 30768033 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.000971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The parametric four-wave mixing (4WM) process responsible for the generation of coherent blue light in alkali vapors is a self-seeded process which starts by population inversion and amplified spontaneous emission (ASE). Lately, attention has been turned toward frequency up- and down-conversion in alkali vapors, using relatively low pump powers with CW diode lasers. In this Letter, we investigate the interplay between ASE and 4WM in rubidium (Rb) vapors by studying the mid-infrared (mid-IR) radiation emitted in the forward direction at 5.23 μm. We show that the ASE can be suppressed by 4WM in the CW regime. Thus, we demonstrate the generation of coherent mid-IR light at 5.23 μm in hot Rb vapors via parametric 4WM.
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4
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Optically Tunable Gratings Based on Coherent Population Oscillation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6834. [PMID: 29717173 PMCID: PMC5931600 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25010-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We theoretically study the optically tunable gratings based on a L-type atomic medium using coherent population oscillations from the angle of reflection and transmission of the probe field. Adopting a standing-wave driving field, the refractive index of the medium as well as the absorption are periodically modified. Consequently, the Bragg scattering causes the effective reflection. We show that different intensities of the control field lead to three types of reflection profile which actually correspond to different absorption/amplification features of the medium. We present a detailed analyses about the influence of amplification on the reflection profile as well. The coherent population oscillation is robust to the dephasing effect, and such induced gratings could have promising applications in nonlinear optics and all-optical information processing.
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Zhong H, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Li C, Zhang D, Zhang Y, Belić MR. Nonparaxial self-accelerating beams in an atomic vapor with electromagnetically induced transparency. OPTICS LETTERS 2016; 41:5644-5647. [PMID: 27973479 DOI: 10.1364/ol.41.005644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically and numerically investigate the nonparaxial self-accelerating beams in a Λ-type three-level energy system of rubidium atomic vapor in the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) window. In the EIT window, the absorption of the atomic vapor is small, and robust nonparaxial self-accelerating beams can be generated. The reason is that the energy of the tail transfers to the main lobe, which then maintains its shape, owing to the self-healing effect. Media with large absorption would demand large energy to compensate, and the tail would be lifted too high to maintain the profile of an accelerating beam, so that self-accelerating beams cannot be obtained any longer. An atomic vapor with small absorption is the ideal medium to produce such self-accelerating beams and, in return, self-accelerating beams may inspire new ideas in the research associated with atomic vapors and atomic-like ensembles.
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6
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Jeong T, Moon HS. Phase correlation between four-wave mixing and optical fields in double Λ-type atomic system. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:28774-28783. [PMID: 27958521 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.028774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We study the spectral features and phase of four-wave mixing (FWM) light according to the relative phase-noise of the optical fields coupled to a double Λ-type atomic system of the 5S1/2-5P1/2 transition of 87Rb atoms. We observe that the spectral shape of the FWM spectrum is identical to that of the two-photon absorption (TPA) spectrum due to two-photon coherence and that it is independent of the relative phase-noise of the pump light. From these results, we clarify that the two-photon coherence plays a very important role in the FWM process. Furthermore, we measure the relative linewidth of the FWM signal to the probe and pump lasers by means of a beat interferometer. We confirmed that the phase of the FWM signal is strongly correlated with that of the pump laser under the condition of phase-locked probe and coupling lasers for two-photon coherence.
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7
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Ren J, Chen H, Gu Y, Zhao D, Zhou H, Zhang J, Gong Q. Plasmon-enhanced Kerr nonlinearity via subwavelength-confined anisotropic Purcell factors. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:425205. [PMID: 27632352 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/42/425205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically investigate the enhancement of Kerr nonlinearity through anisotropic Purcell factors provided by plasmon nanostructures. In a three-level atomic system with crossing damping, larger anisotropism of Purcell factors leads to more enhanced Kerr nonlinearity in electromagnetically induced transparency windows. While for fixed anisotropic Purcell factors, Kerr nonlinearity with orthogonal dipole moments increases with the decrease of its crossing damping, and Kerr nonlinearity with nonorthogonal dipole moments is very sensitive to both the value of crossing damping and the orientation of the dipole moments. We design the non-resonant gold nanorods array, which only provides subwavelength-confined anisotropic Purcell factors, and demonstrate that the Kerr nonlinearity of cesium atoms close to the nanorods array can be modulated at the nanoscale. These findings should have potential application in ultracompact quantum logic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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8
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Lee YS, Moon HS. Atomic coherence effects in four-wave mixing process of a ladder-type atomic system. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:10723-10732. [PMID: 27409893 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.010723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the effects of atomic coherence on four-wave mixing (FWM), with respect to the transition routes between the hyperfine states in the 5S1/2-5P3/2-5D5/2 transition of 87Rb atoms. By comparing the FWM spectra with the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) spectra of the hyperfine states, we confirm that the FWM process is significantly influenced by both ladder-type and V-type two-photon coherences. From the observed FWM signal of each hyperfine structure, we clarify the role of two-photon coherence in the FWM process under EIT, double-resonance optical pumping (DROP), and two-photon absorption (TPA) conditions in a ladder-type atomic system, which is dependent on the open degree of the hyperfine states, the laser intensity, and the laser frequency detuning.
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9
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Wang Z, Ullah Z, Gao M, Zhang D, Zhang Y, Gao H, Zhang Y. Analogy of transistor function with modulating photonic band gap in electromagnetically induced grating. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13880. [PMID: 26349444 PMCID: PMC4563373 DOI: 10.1038/srep13880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical transistor is a device used to amplify and switch optical signals. Many researchers focus on replacing current computer components with optical equivalents, resulting in an optical digital computer system processing binary data. Electronic transistor is the fundamental building block of modern electronic devices. To replace electronic components with optical ones, an equivalent optical transistor is required. Here we compare the behavior of an optical transistor with the reflection from a photonic band gap structure in an electromagnetically induced transparency medium. A control signal is used to modulate the photonic band gap structure. Power variation of the control signal is used to provide an analogy between the reflection behavior caused by modulating the photonic band gap structure and the shifting of Q-point (Operation point) as well as amplification function of optical transistor. By means of the control signal, the switching function of optical transistor has also been realized. Such experimental schemes could have potential applications in making optical diode and optical transistor used in quantum information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Wang
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education &Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.,School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Zakir Ullah
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education &Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Mengqin Gao
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education &Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education &Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yiqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education &Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Hong Gao
- School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yanpeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education &Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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10
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Yin X, Cheng X, Zhang Y, Chen H, Bai J, Ren Z. Measurement of lithium isotope ratio in various concentration samples using degenerate four-wave mixing. APPLIED OPTICS 2015; 54:7154-7159. [PMID: 26368747 DOI: 10.1364/ao.54.007154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Phase-conjugate degenerate four-wave mixing (PCDFWM), as a sub-Doppler spectroscopy technique, can be employed to selectively analyze Li isotopes. It is necessary to explore the optimal incident powers in order to measure the Li isotope ratio accurately. In this case, the power condition of PCDFWM signal is first investigated using samples with various concentrations. The results indicate that the power characteristic is intimately related to the sample concentration, and the optimal incident power conditions for different sample concentrations are different. Under their own optimized power conditions, we measured the Li7/Li6 isotope ratio in Li standard solutions of 500, 300, and 200 ng/ml. The corresponding results are, respectively, 11.571±0.003, 11.552±0.003, and 11.582±0.004, which are in good agreement with the value calculated by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The information obtained from this study suggests that PCDFWM can be used to measure isotope ratios accurately in samples with different concentrations under suitable power conditions.
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11
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Ding DS, Jiang YK, Zhang W, Zhou ZY, Shi BS, Guo GC. Optical precursor with four-wave mixing and storage based on a cold-atom ensemble. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:093601. [PMID: 25793813 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.093601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We observed optical precursors in four-wave mixing based on a cold-atom gas. Optical precursors appear at the edges of pulses of the generated optical field, and propagate through the atomic medium without absorption. Theoretical analysis suggests that these precursors correspond to high-frequency components of the signal pulse, which means the atoms cannot respond quickly to rapid changes in the electromagnetic field. In contrast, the low-frequency signal components are absorbed by the atoms during transmission. We also showed experimentally that the backward precursor can be stored using a Raman transition of the atomic ensemble and retrieved later.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Sheng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yun Kun Jiang
- College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, People's Repubic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Bao-Sen Shi
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Guang-Can Guo
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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12
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Ullah Z, Wang Z, Gao M, Zhang D, Zhang Y, Gao H, Zhang Y. Observation of the four wave mixing photonic band gap signal in electromagnetically induced grating. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:29544-29553. [PMID: 25606887 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.029544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, we experimentally and theoretically research about the probe transmission signal (PTS), the reflected four wave mixing band gap signal(FWM BGS) and fluorescence signal (FLS) under the double dressing effect in an inverted Y-type four level system. FWM BGS results from photonic band gap structure. We demonstrate that the characteristics of PTS, FWM BGS and FLS can be controlled by power, phase and the frequency detuning of the dressing beams. It is observed in our experiment that FWM BGS switches from suppression to enhancement, corresponding to the switch from transmission enhancement to absorption enhancement in the PTS with changing the relative phase. We also observe the relation among the three signals, which satisfy the law of conservation of energy. Such scheme could have potential applications in optical diodes, amplifiers and quantum information processing.
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13
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Liu S, Yang WX, Chuang YL, Chen AX, Liu A, Huang Y, Lee RK. Enhanced four-wave mixing efficiency in four-subband semiconductor quantum wells via Fano-type interference. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:29179-29190. [PMID: 25402157 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.029179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We propose and analyze an efficient way to enhance four-wave mixing (FWM) signals in a four-subband semiconductor quantum well via Fano-type interference. By using Schrödinger-Maxwell formalism, we derive explicitly analytical expressions for the input probe pulse and the generated FWM field in linear regime under the steady-state condition. With the aid of interference between two excited subbands tunneling to the common continuum, the efficiency to generate FWM field is found to be significantly enhanced, up to 35%. More interestingly, a linear growth rate in the FWM efficiency is demonstrated as the strength of Fano-type interference increases in presence of the continuum states, which can be maintained for a certain propagation distance (i.e., 50μm).
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14
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Hsiao YF, Tsai PJ, Lin CC, Chen YF, Yu IA, Chen YC. Coherence properties of amplified slow light by four-wave mixing. OPTICS LETTERS 2014; 39:3394-3397. [PMID: 24978494 DOI: 10.1364/ol.39.003394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We present an experimental study of the coherence properties of amplified slow light by four-wave mixing (FWM) in a three-level electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) system driven by one additional pump field. High energy gain (up to 19) is obtained with a weak pump field (a few mW/cm2) using optically dense cold atomic gases. A large fraction of the amplified light is found to be phase incoherent to the input signal field. The dependence of the incoherent fraction on pump field intensity and detuning and the control field intensity is systematically studied. With the classical input pulses, our results support a recent theoretical study by Lauk et al. [Phys. Rev. A88, 013823 (2013)], showing that the noise resulting from the atomic dipole fluctuations associated with spontaneous decay is significant in the high gain regime. This effect has to be taken into consideration in EIT-based applications in the presence of FWM.
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15
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Zhang Y, Wu Z, Yao X, Zhang Z, Chen H, Zhang H, Zhang Y. Controlling multi-wave mixing signals via photonic band gap of electromagnetically induced absorption grating in atomic media. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:29338-29349. [PMID: 24514487 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.029338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate dressed multi-wave mixing (MWM) and the reflection of the probe beam due to electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) grating can coexist in a five-level atomic ensemble. The reflection is derived from the photonic band gap (PBG) of EIA grating, which is much broader than the PBG of EIT grating. Therefore, EIA-type PBG can reflect more energy from probe than EIT-type PBG does, which can effectively affect the MWM signal. The EIA-type as well as EIT-type PBG can be controlled by multiple parameters including the frequency detunings, propagation angles and powers of the involved light fields. Also, the EIA-type PBG by considering both the linear and third-order nonlinear refractive indices is also investigated. The theoretical analysis agrees well with the experimental results. This investigation has potential applications in all-optical communication and information processing.
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Khadka U, Zheng H, Xiao M. Four-wave-mixing between the upper excited states in a ladder-type atomic configuration. OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 20:6204-6214. [PMID: 22418503 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.006204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Four-wave-mixing (FWM) radiation is generated between the hyperfine structures of the 5D and 5P states in a thermally broadened rubidium atomic vapor using resonant atomic coherence. Background-free unidirectional signals having narrow spectral linewidths are isolated and experimentally studied in the frequency domain, and the effects of the driving beam parameters on the properties of the radiation are discussed. The radiation has several new properties compared to traditional FWM radiations generated between the 5P and 5S states. The high-resolution signals obtained in this method could make it favorable in spectroscopic procedures that rely on two-photon fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utsab Khadka
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA.
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17
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Li N, Zhao Z, Chen H, Li P, Li Y, Zhao Y, Zhou G, Jia S, Zhang Y. Observation of dressed odd-order multi-wave mixing in five-level atomic medium. OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 20:1912-1929. [PMID: 22330432 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.001912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
By selectively blocking specific laser beams, we investigate coexisting seven distinguishable dressed odd-order multi-wave mixing (MWM) signals in a K-type five-level atomic system. We demonstrate that the enhancement and suppression of dressed four-wave mixing (FWM) signal can be directly detected by scanning the dressing field instead of the probe field. We also study the temporal and spatial interference between two FWM signals. Surprisingly, the pure-suppression of six-wave mixing signal has been shifted far away from resonance by atomic velocity component. Moreover, the interactions among six MWM signals have been studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
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18
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Li C, Zhang Y, Zheng H, Wang Z, Chen H, Sang S, Zhang R, Wu Z, Li L, Li P. Controlling cascade dressing interaction of four-wave mixing image. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:13675-13685. [PMID: 21747523 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.013675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report our observations on enhancement and suppression of spatial four-wave mixing (FWM) images and the interplay of four coexisting FWM processes in a two-level atomic system associating with three-level atomic system as comparison. The phenomenon of spatial splitting of the FWM signal has been observed in both x and y directions. Such FWM spatial splitting is induced by the enhanced cross-Kerr nonlinearity due to atomic coherence. The intensity of the spatial FWM signal can be controlled by an additional dressing field. Studies on such controllable beam splitting can be very useful in understanding spatial soliton formation and interactions, and in applications of spatial signal processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changbiao Li
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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19
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Zheng H, Khadka U, Song J, Zhang Y, Xiao M. Three-field noise correlation via third-order nonlinear optical processes. OPTICS LETTERS 2011; 36:2584-2586. [PMID: 21725487 DOI: 10.1364/ol.36.002584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report experimental observation of three-field noise correlation between two coexisting four-wave mixing (FWM) signals and the probe signal in a coherently-prepared rubidium vapor system. The two FWM signals in a double-Λ type quasi-four-level atomic system are obtained in different directions via their respective phase-matching conditions and can be detected individually. These signals and the probe beam are found to be strongly correlated or anticorrelated with each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaibin Zheng
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA.
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20
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Felinto D, Moretti D, de Oliveira RA, Tabosa JWR. Delayed four- and six-wave mixing in a coherently prepared atomic ensemble. OPTICS LETTERS 2010; 35:3937-3939. [PMID: 21124571 DOI: 10.1364/ol.35.003937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We report on the simultaneous observation, by delayed Bragg diffraction, of four- and six-wave mixing processes in a coherently prepared atomic ensemble consisting of cold cesium atoms. For each diffracted order, we observe different temporal pulse shapes and dependencies with the intensities of the exciting fields, evidencing the different mechanisms involved in each process. The various observations are well described by a simplified analytical theory, which considers the atomic system as an ensemble of three-level atoms in Λ configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Felinto
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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21
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Xu H, Lu Y, Lee Y, Ham BS. Studies of electromagnetically induced transparency in metamaterials. OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 18:17736-17747. [PMID: 20721160 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.017736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We have studied electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in metamaterials for various schemes corresponding to those in an atomic medium. We numerically calculate a symmetric dolmen scheme of metamaterials corresponding to a tripod model of EIT-based optical switching and illustrate plasmonic double dark resonances. Our study provides a fundamental understanding and useful guidelines in using metamaterials for plasmonic-based all-optical information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Xu
- Center for Photon Information Processing, School of Electrical Engineering, and the Graduate School of Information and Communications, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, Korea
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22
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Zheng H, Zhang Y, Khadka U, Wang R, Li C, Nie Z, Xiao M. Modulating the multi-wave mixing processes via the polarizable dark states. OPTICS EXPRESS 2009; 17:15468-15480. [PMID: 19724544 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.015468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We have observed multi-wave mixing (MWM) processes in reversed-Y (RY) type system in 87Rb atoms with electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) windows at different laser polarization configurations. Interesting rules of changing the MWM processes and EIT profiles are obtained. We have found that the degenerate Zeeman sublevels and their dressed-state effects are responsible for these observed phenomena. Polarizable dark states are used to describe the multi-level dressed states. The experimental data are in good agreement with the results from the theoretical calculation that takes into account all the 16 Zeeman sublevels in the RY system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaibin Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education & Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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Londero P, Venkataraman V, Bhagwat AR, Slepkov AD, Gaeta AL. Ultralow-power four-wave mixing with Rb in a hollow-core photonic band-gap fiber. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 103:043602. [PMID: 19659350 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.043602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2009] [Revised: 06/25/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate extremely efficient four-wave mixing with gains greater than 100 at microwatt pump powers and signal-to-idler conversion of 50% in Rb vapor confined to a hollow-core photonic band-gap fiber. We present a theoretical model that demonstrates such efficiency is consistent with the dimensions of the fiber and the optical depths attained. This is, to our knowledge, the largest four-wave mixing gain observed at such low total pump powers and the first demonstrated example of four-wave mixing in an alkali-metal vapor system with a large (approximately 30 MHz) ground state decoherence rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Londero
- Department of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, USA.
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24
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Boyer V, Marino AM, Pooser RC, Lett PD. Entangling Light in its Spatial Degrees of Freedom with Four-Wave Mixing in an Atomic Vapor. Chemphyschem 2009; 10:755-60. [PMID: 19226507 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200800734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Boyer
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology, University of Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
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25
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Ham BS, Hahn J. Atomic coherence swing in a double-Lambda-type system using ultraslow light. OPTICS LETTERS 2009; 34:776-778. [PMID: 19282929 DOI: 10.1364/ol.34.000776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Using an ultraslow light-based double-Lambda-type configuration we demonstrate atomic coherence swing between two different frequencies in a nondegenerate four-wave mixing scheme. A short control pulse applied to the middle of an ultraslow light envelope results in coherence conversion between two ground states, causing both coherence depletion and recovery, resulting in a temporal hole and amplification in the ultraslow light envelope. This outcome holds potential for temporally and spatially localized coherence control of ultraslow light in such applications as a selective photon trap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung S Ham
- Center for Photon Information Processing, Graduate School of Information and Telecommunications, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea.
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26
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Okuma J, Hayashi N, Fujisawa A, Mitsunaga M, Harada KI. Parametric oscillation in sodium vapor by using an external cavity. OPTICS LETTERS 2009; 34:698-700. [PMID: 19252597 DOI: 10.1364/ol.34.000698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report on parametric oscillation in sodium atomic vapor by using an external cavity. Output powers of approximately 56 mW are obtained for both the signal and idler waves with the input coupling power of 290 mW, resulting in a conversion efficiency of 39%. The signal and idler frequencies are either upshifted or downshifted from the coupling frequency by the amount of the Na hyperfine splitting frequency, and the two waves are found to be strongly temporally correlated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junji Okuma
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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27
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Anderson B, Zhang Y, Khadka U, Xiao M. Spatial interference between four- and six-wave mixing signals. OPTICS LETTERS 2008; 33:2029-2031. [PMID: 18794920 DOI: 10.1364/ol.33.002029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate spatial interference between simultaneously generated four-wave mixing (FWM) and six-wave mixing (SWM) signals in a multilevel atomic system. By tuning the relative phase between the FWM and SWM processes the relative strengths between these two high-order nonlinear optical processes can be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake Anderson
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
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28
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29
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Boyer V, Marino AM, Lett PD. Generation of spatially broadband twin beams for quantum imaging. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 100:143601. [PMID: 18518031 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.143601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We generate spatially multimode twin beams using 4-wave mixing in a hot atomic vapor in a phase-insensitive traveling-wave amplifier configuration. The far-field coherence area measured at 3.5 MHz is shown to be much smaller than the angular bandwidth of the process and bright twin images with independently quantum-correlated subareas can be generated with little distortion. The available transverse degrees of freedom form a high-dimensional Hilbert space that we use to produce quantum-correlated twin beams with finite orbital angular momentum.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Boyer
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and University of Maryland, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
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30
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Gupta S, Moore KL, Murch KW, Stamper-Kurn DM. Cavity nonlinear optics at low photon numbers from collective atomic motion. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 99:213601. [PMID: 18233217 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.213601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We report on Kerr nonlinearity and dispersive optical bistability of a Fabry-Perot optical resonator due to the displacement of ultracold atoms trapped within. In the driven resonator, such collective motion is induced by optical forces acting upon up to 10(5) 87Rb atoms prepared in the lowest band of a one-dimensional intracavity optical lattice. The longevity of atomic motional coherence allows for strongly nonlinear optics at extremely low cavity photon numbers, as demonstrated by the observation of both branches of optical bistability at photon numbers below unity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhadeep Gupta
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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31
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Zhang Y, Brown AW, Xiao M. Opening four-wave mixing and six-wave mixing channels via dual electromagnetically induced transparency windows. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 99:123603. [PMID: 17930503 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.123603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2006] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Highly efficient four-wave mixing (FWM) and six-wave mixing (SWM) processes can coexist in a four-level Y-type atomic system due to atomic coherence. The simultaneously opened dual electromagnetically induced transparency windows in this four-level atomic system allow observation of these two nonlinear optical processes at the same time, which enables detailed studies of the interplay between the FWM and SWM processes. Three-photon and five-photon destructive interferences are also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanpeng Zhang
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA.
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32
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Shah V, Knappe S, Hollberg L, Kitching J. High-contrast coherent population trapping resonances using four-wave mixing in 87Rb. OPTICS LETTERS 2007; 32:1244-6. [PMID: 17440548 DOI: 10.1364/ol.32.001244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate very high-contrast coherent population trapping(1) (CPT) resonances by using four-wave mixing in (87)Rb atoms. In the experiment, we take advantage of the spectral overlap between F=2-->F(?) and F=3-->F(?) optical resonances on the D1 line of (87)Rb and (85)Rb atoms, respectively, to eliminate the DC-light background from the CPT resonance signal. We observe a CPT resonance with a contrast in the range of 90%, compared with a few percent achieved by alternative methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Shah
- Time and Frequency Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA.
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33
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Zhang Y, Brown AW, Xiao M. Observation of interference between four-wave mixing and six-wave mixing. OPTICS LETTERS 2007; 32:1120-2. [PMID: 17410255 DOI: 10.1364/ol.32.001120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We report generation of four-wave mixing enhanced by electromagnetically induced transparency and optical pumping in a ladder-type atomic system. When two pumping laser beams are used to form a conjugate small-angle static grating, both four-wave and six-wave mixing processes are shown to exist at the same time. Interference between these two nonlinear wave-mixing signals is experimentally demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanpeng Zhang
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Arkansas 72701, USA.
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34
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Harada KI, Ogata M, Mitsunaga M. Four-wave parametric oscillation in sodium vapor by electromagnetically induced diffraction. OPTICS LETTERS 2007; 32:1111-3. [PMID: 17410252 DOI: 10.1364/ol.32.001111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We have observed a novel type of parametric oscillation in sodium atomic vapor where four off-axis signal waves simultaneously build up under resonant and counterpropagating pump beams with elliptical beam profiles. The four waves, two of them Stokes shifted and the other two anti-Stokes shifted, have similar output powers of up to 10 mW with a conversion efficiency of 30% and are parametrically coupled by electromagnetically induced diffraction.
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35
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Jiang KJ, Deng L, Payne MG. Observation of quantum destructive interference in inelastic two-wave mixing. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 98:083604. [PMID: 17359100 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.083604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2006] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Using room-temperature 87Rb atoms we demonstrate a quantum destructive interference between two one-photon excitation pathways in an inelastic two-wave mixing scheme that corresponds to the "strong-storage and weak-retrieval" of an optical field. This destructive interference is fundamentally different from the usual electromagnetically induced transparency because it is critically dependent on the generation and propagation of a wave-mixing field. We also show that contrary to the common belief, the maximum atomic coherence in general does not lead to the maximum mixing-wave conversion efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Jiang
- Electron & Optical Physics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
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36
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Niu Y, Gong S, Li R, Xu Z, Liang X. Giant Kerr nonlinearity induced by interacting dark resonances. OPTICS LETTERS 2005; 30:3371-3. [PMID: 16389835 DOI: 10.1364/ol.30.003371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A scheme for giant enhancement of the Kerr nonlinearity in a four-level system with double dark resonances is proposed. Compared with that generated in a single-dark-resonance system, the Kerr nonlinearity can be enhanced by several orders of magnitude with vanishing linear absorption. We attribute this dramatic enhancement to the interaction of dark resonances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueping Niu
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
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37
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Brown AW, Xiao M. All-optical switching and routing based on an electromagnetically induced absorption grating. OPTICS LETTERS 2005; 30:699-701. [PMID: 15832910 DOI: 10.1364/ol.30.000699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
An electromagnetically induced absorption grating is formed in a three-level atomic vapor under the condition of electromagnetically induced transparency in which the strong coupling beam is replaced by a standing wave. The transmission and reflection behaviors of the weak probe beam are greatly modified at certain frequencies near the two-photon resonance. An all-optical two-port signal router-all-optical switch is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy W Brown
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA.
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38
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Braje DA, Balić V, Goda S, Yin GY, Harris SE. Frequency mixing using electromagnetically induced transparency in cold atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2004; 93:183601. [PMID: 15525163 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.93.183601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We report the first experimental demonstration of four-wave mixing using electromagnetically induced transparency in cold atoms. Backward-wave, phase-matched difference-frequency conversion is achieved at optical powers of a few nanowatts and at energies of less than a picojoule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle A Braje
- Edward L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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39
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Kang H, Hernandez G, Zhu Y. Slow-light six-wave mixing at low light intensities. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2004; 93:073601. [PMID: 15324236 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.93.073601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We report an experimental study of resonant six-wave mixing in coherently prepared Rb atoms. Electromagnetically induced transparency in a four-level atomic system suppresses the linear susceptibility and enhances the nonlinear susceptibilities, which leads to the resonantly enhanced, slow-photon six-wave mixing at low light intensities. The light emission in the six-wave mixing process can be viewed as resulting from diffraction of slow light off a resonant nonlinear grating induced in the four-level system by a standing-wave pump field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoonsoo Kang
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
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40
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Bajcsy M, Zibrov AS, Lukin MD. Stationary pulses of light in an atomic medium. Nature 2003; 426:638-41. [PMID: 14668857 DOI: 10.1038/nature02176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2003] [Accepted: 11/04/2003] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Physical processes that could facilitate coherent control of light propagation are under active exploration. In addition to their fundamental interest, these efforts are stimulated by practical possibilities, such as the development of a quantum memory for photonic states. Controlled localization and storage of photonic pulses may also allow novel approaches to manipulating of light via enhanced nonlinear optical processes. Recently, electromagnetically induced transparency was used to reduce the group velocity of propagating light pulses and to reversibly map propagating light pulses into stationary spin excitations in atomic media. Here we describe and experimentally demonstrate a technique in which light propagating in a medium of Rb atoms is converted into an excitation with localized, stationary electromagnetic energy, which can be held and released after a controllable interval. Our method creates pulses of light with stationary envelopes bound to an atomic spin coherence, offering new possibilities for photon state manipulation and nonlinear optical processes at low light levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bajcsy
- Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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41
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van der Wal CH, Eisaman MD, André A, Walsworth RL, Phillips DF, Zibrov AS, Lukin MD. Atomic memory for correlated photon states. Science 2003; 301:196-200. [PMID: 12764202 DOI: 10.1126/science.1085946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 399] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate emission of two quantum-mechanically correlated light pulses with a time delay that is coherently controlled via temporal storage of photonic states in an ensemble of rubidium atoms. The experiment is based on Raman scattering, which produces correlated pairs of spin-flipped atoms and photons, followed by coherent conversion of the atomic states into a different photon beam after a controllable delay. This resonant nonlinear optical process is a promising technique for potential applications in quantum communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H van der Wal
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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42
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Singh S. Enhanced coherent emission aided by an incoherent process. OPTICS LETTERS 2002; 27:539-541. [PMID: 18007858 DOI: 10.1364/ol.27.000539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced emission of a coherent signal generated by the nonlinear process omega(f)+omega(b)-omega(p) has been found in an incoherently pumped four-level system. It is shown that finite (large) atomic coherence can be generated by (incoherent) pumping of the intermediate states, which removes the destructive interference effects that otherwise inhibit coherent emission of signals.
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43
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Zibrov AS, Matsko AB, Kocharovskaya O, Rostovtsev YV, Welch GR, Scully MO. Transporting and time reversing light via atomic coherence. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2002; 88:103601. [PMID: 11909354 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.88.103601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We study basic issues central to the storage of quantum information in a coherently prepared atomic medium such as the role of adiabaticity. We also propose and demonstrate transporting, multiplexing, and time reversing of stored light.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Zibrov
- Department of Physics and Institute for Quantum Studies, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-4242, USA
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44
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Wang H, Goorskey D, Xiao M. Dependence of enhanced Kerr nonlinearity on coupling power in a three-level atomic system. OPTICS LETTERS 2002; 27:258-260. [PMID: 18007772 DOI: 10.1364/ol.27.000258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We study the enhanced Kerr-nonlinear coefficient in a three-level A-type atomic system for various coupling-beam powers. The Kerr-nonlinear coefficient behaves very differently in the strong and the weak coupling power regions and changes sign when the coupling or probe frequency detuning changes sign. Comparisons of Kerr-nonlinear coefficients as functions of probe frequency detuning, coupling power, and coupling frequency detuning are presented.
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45
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Paspalakis E, Kis Z. Enhanced nonlinear generation in a three-level medium with spatially dependent coherence. OPTICS LETTERS 2002; 27:1836-1838. [PMID: 18033379 DOI: 10.1364/ol.27.001836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We consider a method for efficient parametric generation of a laser pulse. A single laser field is injected into a three-level medium that has two lower states and one excited state. The lower states are initially prepared in a position-dependent coherent superposition state. It is shown that, by proper choice of the position dependence of the superposition along the direction of propagation, the incoming field can be completely converted to a new field.
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46
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Matsko AB, Novikova I, Scully MO, Welch GR. Radiation trapping in coherent media. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2001; 87:133601. [PMID: 11580586 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.87.133601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We show that the effective decay rate of Zeeman coherence, generated in a (87)Rb vapor by linearly polarized laser light, increases significantly with the atomic density. We explain this phenomenon as the result of radiation trapping. Our study shows that radiation trapping must be taken into account to fully understand many electromagnetically induced transparency experiments with optically thick media.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Matsko
- Department of Physics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-4242, USA
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47
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Lukin MD, Imamoğlu A. Controlling photons using electromagnetically induced transparency. Nature 2001; 413:273-6. [PMID: 11565022 DOI: 10.1038/35095000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that a dielectric medium can be used to manipulate properties of light pulses. However, optical absorption limits the extent of possible control: this is especially important for weak light pulses. Absorption in an opaque medium can be eliminated via quantum mechanical interference, an effect known as electromagnetically induced transparency. Theoretical and experimental work has demonstrated that this phenomenon can be used to slow down light pulses dramatically, or even bring them to a complete halt. Interactions between photons in such an atomic medium can be many orders of magnitude stronger than in conventional optical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Lukin
- Physics Department and ITAMP, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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48
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Poulsen UV, Mølmer K. Squeezed light from spin-squeezed atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2001; 87:123601. [PMID: 11580510 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.87.123601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We propose to transfer quantum correlations from atoms to light by Raman scattering of a strong laser pulse on a spin-squeezed atomic sample. We prove that the emission is restricted to a single field mode which perfectly inherits the quantum correlations of the atomic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- U V Poulsen
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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49
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Wang H, Goorskey D, Xiao M. Enhanced Kerr nonlinearity via atomic coherence in a three-level atomic system. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2001; 87:073601. [PMID: 11497891 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.87.073601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We measure the Kerr-nonlinear index of refraction of a three-level Lambda-type atomic system inside an optical ring cavity. The Kerr nonlinearity is modified and greatly enhanced near atomic resonant conditions for both probe and coupling beams. The Kerr nonlinear coefficient n(2) changes sign when the coupling beam frequency detuning switches sign, which can lead to interesting applications in optical devices such as all-optical switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wang
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
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50
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Babin SA, Kablukov SI, Hinze U, Tiemann E, Wellegehausen B. Level-splitting effects in resonant four-wave mixing. OPTICS LETTERS 2001; 26:81-83. [PMID: 18033513 DOI: 10.1364/ol.26.000081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Resonant spectral structures of four-wave mixing (FWM) in molecular sodium are investigated. For a double- ? configuration with strong-weak-strong-weak fields, split components in FWM spectra induced by the strong pump fields are observed. It is shown that the split components merge into a single peak for a certain ratio of the strong field intensities. A correlation between the level-splitting effects and the saturation behavior of the FWM signal is experimentally demonstrated.
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