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Heinz A, Trautmann J, Šantić N, Jihyun Park A, Bloch I, Blatt S. Crossed optical cavities with large mode diameters. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:250-253. [PMID: 33448999 DOI: 10.1364/ol.414076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report on a compact, ultrahigh-vacuum compatible optical assembly to create large-scale, two-dimensional optical lattices for use in experiments with ultracold atoms. The assembly consists of an octagon-shaped spacer made from ultra-low-expansion glass, to which we optically contact four fused silica cavity mirrors, making it highly mechanically and thermally stable. The mirror surfaces are nearly plane-parallel, which allows us to create two perpendicular cavity modes with diameters ∼1m m. Such large mode diameters are desirable to increase the optical lattice homogeneity, but lead to strong angular sensitivities of the coplanarity between the two cavity modes. We demonstrate a procedure to precisely position each mirror substrate that achieves a deviation from coplanarity of d=1(5)µm. Creating large optical lattices at arbitrary visible and near-infrared wavelengths requires significant power enhancements to overcome limitations in the available laser power. The cavity mirrors have a customized low-loss mirror coating that enhances the power at a set of relevant visible and near-infrared wavelengths by up to 3 orders of magnitude..
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Roux K, Konishi H, Helson V, Brantut JP. Strongly correlated Fermions strongly coupled to light. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2974. [PMID: 32532985 PMCID: PMC7293285 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16767-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Strong quantum correlations in matter are responsible for some of the most extraordinary properties of materials, from magnetism to high-temperature superconductivity, but their integration in quantum devices requires a strong, coherent coupling with photons, which still represents a formidable technical challenge in solid state systems. In cavity quantum electrodynamics, quantum gases such as Bose-Einstein condensates or lattice gases have been strongly coupled with light. However, neither Fermionic quantum matter, comparable to electrons in solids, nor atomic systems with controlled interactions, have thus far been strongly coupled with photons. Here we report on the strong coupling of a quantum-degenerate unitary Fermi gas with light in a high finesse cavity. We map out the spectrum of the coupled system and observe well resolved dressed states, resulting from the strong coupling of cavity photons with each spin component of the gas. We investigate spin-balanced and spin-polarized gases and find quantitative agreement with ab initio calculation describing light-matter interaction. Our system offers complete and simultaneous control of atom-atom and atom-photon interactions in the quantum degenerate regime, opening a wide range of perspectives for quantum simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Roux
- Institute of Physics, EPFL, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Victor Helson
- Institute of Physics, EPFL, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Kas M, Loreau J, Liévin J, Vaeck N. Ab initio study of the neutral and anionic alkali and alkaline earth hydroxides: Electronic structure and prospects for sympathetic cooling of OH . J Chem Phys 2017; 146:194309. [PMID: 28527437 PMCID: PMC5438307 DOI: 10.1063/1.4983627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have performed a systematic ab initio study on alkali and alkaline earth hydroxide neutral (MOH) and anionic (MOH-) species where M = Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs or Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba. The CCSD(T) method with extended basis sets and Dirac-Fock relativistic effective core potentials for the heavier atoms has been used to study their equilibrium geometries, interaction energies, electron affinities, electric dipole moment, and potential energy surfaces. All neutral and anionic species exhibit a linear shape with the exception of BeOH, BeOH-, and MgOH-, for which the equilibrium structure is found to be bent. Our analysis shows that the alkaline earth hydroxide anions are valence-bound whereas the alkali hydroxide anions are dipole bound. In the context of sympathetic cooling of OH- by collision with ultracold alkali and alkaline earth atoms, we investigate the 2D MOH- potential energy surfaces and the associative detachment reaction M + OH→- MOH + e-, which is the only energetically allowed reactive channel in the cold regime. We discuss the implication for the sympathetic cooling of OH- and conclude that Li and K are the best candidates for an ultracold buffer gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milaim Kas
- Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique (CQP), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jérôme Loreau
- Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique (CQP), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jacques Liévin
- Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique (CQP), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Vaeck
- Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique (CQP), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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Edmunds PD, Barker PF. Trapping cold ground state argon atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:183001. [PMID: 25396366 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.183001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We trap cold, ground state argon atoms in a deep optical dipole trap produced by a buildup cavity. The atoms, which are a general source for the sympathetic cooling of molecules, are loaded in the trap by quenching them from a cloud of laser-cooled metastable argon atoms. Although the ground state atoms cannot be directly probed, we detect them by observing the collisional loss of cotrapped metastable argon atoms and determine an elastic cross section. Using a type of parametric loss spectroscopy we also determine the polarizability of the metastable 4s[3/2](2) state to be (7.3±1.1)×10(-39) C m(2)/V. Finally, Penning and associative losses of metastable atoms in the absence of light assisted collisions, are determined to be (3.3±0.8)×10(-10) cm(3) s(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Edmunds
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - P F Barker
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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Kim H, Han HS, Cho D. Magic polarization for optical trapping of atoms without Stark-induced dephasing. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:243004. [PMID: 24483653 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.243004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that the differential ac-Stark shift of a Zeeman-sensitive ground hyperfine transition in an optical trap can be eliminated by using properly polarized trapping light. We use the vector polarizability of an alkali-metal atom to produce a polarization-dependent ac-Stark shift that resembles a Zeeman shift. We study a transition from the |2S1/2,F=2,mF=-2> to the |2S1/2,F=1,mF=-1> state of 7Li to observe 0.59±0.02 Hz linewidth with interrogation time of 2 s and 0.82±0.06 s coherence time of a superposition state. Implications of the narrow linewidth and the long coherence time for precision spectroscopy and quantum information processing using atoms in an optical lattice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huidong Kim
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Korea
| | - Hyok Sang Han
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Korea
| | - D Cho
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Korea
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Edmunds PD, Barker PF. A deep optical cavity trap for atoms and molecules with rapid frequency and intensity modulation. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2013; 84:083101. [PMID: 24007047 DOI: 10.1063/1.4817311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We describe a deep far-off resonance trap for metastable argon atoms utilizing a medium finesse cavity and a high input power (30 W) to produce trap depths of up to 11 mK. The depth can be rapidly modulated allowing efficient loading of the trap, characterization of trapped atom temperature, and reduction of intensity noise. We measure the change in radius of curvature of the mirrors due to heating by the high circulating intensity and show that trapping is not adversely effected by this for all input powers.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Edmunds
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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Haze S, Hata S, Fujinaga M, Mukaiyama T. Note: auto-relock system for a bow-tie cavity for second harmonic generation. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2013; 84:026111. [PMID: 23464273 DOI: 10.1063/1.4793613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This Note reports on the implementation of an automatic relocking system for a bow-tie cavity for second harmonic generation to produce an ultra-violet laser source. The system is based on a sample-and-hold technique for controlling the cavity length using simple servo electronics. Long-term stabilization of the cavity output power is successfully achieved, which makes this system suitable for designing stable atomic physics experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Haze
- Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan.
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Bertoldi A, Bernon S, Vanderbruggen T, Landragin A, Bouyer P. In situ characterization of an optical cavity using atomic light shift. OPTICS LETTERS 2010; 35:3769-3771. [PMID: 21081991 DOI: 10.1364/ol.35.003769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We report the precise characterization of the optical potential obtained by injecting a distributed-feedback erbium-doped fiber laser at 1560 nm to the transverse modes of a folded optical cavity. The optical potential was mapped in situ using cold rubidium atoms, whose potential energy was spectrally resolved thanks to the strong differential light shift induced by the 1560 nm laser on the two levels of the probe transition. The optical potential obtained in the cavity is suitable for trapping rubidium atoms and eventually to achieve all-optical Bose-Einstein condensation directly in the resonator.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bertoldi
- Institut d'Optique, University of Paris Sud, CNRS, F-91127 Palaiseau, France.
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Barker PF, Purcell SM, Douglas P, Barletta P, Coppendale N, Maher-McWilliams C, Tennyson J. Sympathetic cooling by collisions with ultracold rare gas atoms, and recent progress in optical Stark deceleration. Faraday Discuss 2009; 142:175-90; discussion 221-55. [DOI: 10.1039/b819079h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Inada Y, Horikoshi M, Nakajima S, Kuwata-Gonokami M, Ueda M, Mukaiyama T. Critical temperature and condensate fraction of a fermion pair condensate. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 101:180406. [PMID: 18999802 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.180406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report on measurements of the critical temperature and the temperature dependence of the condensate fraction for a fermion pair condensate of 6Li atoms. Bragg spectroscopy is employed to determine the critical temperature and the condensate fraction after a fast magnetic field ramp to the molecular side of the Feshbach resonance. Our measurements reveal evidence of level off of the critical temperature and limiting behavior of condensate fraction near the unitarity limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhisa Inada
- ERATO Macroscopic Quantum Control Project, JST, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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Deiglmayr J, Aymar M, Wester R, Weidemüller M, Dulieu O. Calculations of static dipole polarizabilities of alkali dimers: Prospects for alignment of ultracold molecules. J Chem Phys 2008; 129:064309. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2960624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Eichhorn M, Mudrich M, Weidemüller M. Optical dipole trap inside a laser resonator. OPTICS LETTERS 2004; 29:1147-1149. [PMID: 15182014 DOI: 10.1364/ol.29.001147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We report the first realization, to our knowledge, of an optical dipole trap inside the active resonator of a laser. The concept, which is demonstrated with a CO2 laser (lambda = 10.6 microm), combines the advantages of optical power enhancement (up to 1.3-kW peak power) with the intrinsic stability of laser intensity as a result of the feedback of the active laser medium. Two kinds of trapping geometries are presented: a Gaussian trap in a transverse TEM00 mode and a boxlike transverse confinement in a superposition of transverse modes. In addition, longitudinal superlattices are created by two-frequency operation of the laser. Transfer efficiencies of up to 50% from a cesium magneto-optical trap are achieved. Storage times (7 = 0.3 s) are mainly limited by the background gas pressure. Possible sources of additional loss of atoms are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Eichhorn
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
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Jochim S, Bartenstein M, Altmeyer A, Hendl G, Riedl S, Chin C, Hecker Denschlag J, Grimm R. Bose-Einstein Condensation of Molecules. Science 2003; 302:2101-3. [PMID: 14615548 DOI: 10.1126/science.1093280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
We report on the Bose-Einstein condensation of more than 10(5) Li2 molecules in an optical trap starting from a spin mixture of fermionic lithium atoms. During forced evaporative cooling, the molecules are formed by three-body recombination near a Feshbach resonance and finally condense in a long-lived thermal equilibrium state. We measured the characteristic frequency of a collective excitation mode and demonstrated the magnetic field-dependent mean field by controlled condensate spilling.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jochim
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Jochim S, Bartenstein M, Altmeyer A, Hendl G, Chin C, Hecker Denschlag J, Grimm R. Pure gas of optically trapped molecules created from fermionic atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2003; 91:240402. [PMID: 14683094 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.91.240402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We report on the production of a pure sample of up to 3 x 10(5) optically trapped molecules from a Fermi gas of 6Li atoms. The dimers are formed by three-body recombination near a Feshbach resonance. For purification, a Stern-Gerlach selection technique is used that efficiently removes all trapped atoms from the atom-molecule mixture. The behavior of the purified molecular sample shows a striking dependence on the applied magnetic field. For very weakly bound molecules near the Feshbach resonance, the gas exhibits a remarkable stability with respect to collisional decay.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jochim
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Jochim S, Bartenstein M, Hendl G, Denschlag JH, Grimm R, Mosk A, Weidemüller M. Magnetic field control of elastic scattering in a cold gas of fermionic lithium atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2002; 89:273202. [PMID: 12513205 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.89.273202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We study elastic collisions in an optically trapped spin mixture of fermionic lithium atoms in the presence of magnetic fields up to 1.5 kG by measuring evaporative loss. Our experiments confirm the expected magnetic tunability of the scattering length by showing the main features of elastic scattering according to recent calculations. We measure the zero crossing of the scattering length at 530(3) G which is associated with a predicted Feshbach resonance at approximately 850 G. Beyond the resonance we observe the expected large cross section in the triplet scattering regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jochim
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Loftus T, Regal CA, Ticknor C, Bohn JL, Jin DS. Resonant control of elastic collisions in an optically trapped fermi gas of atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2002; 88:173201. [PMID: 12005753 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.88.173201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We have loaded an ultracold gas of fermionic atoms into a far-off resonance optical dipole trap and precisely controlled the spin composition of the trapped gas. We have measured a magnetic-field Feshbach resonance between atoms in the two lowest energy spin states, /9/2,-9/2> and /9/2,-7/2>. The resonance peaks at a magnetic field of 201.5+/-1.4 G and has a width of 8.0+/-1.1 G. Using this resonance, we have changed the elastic collision cross section in the gas by nearly 3 orders of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Loftus
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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