1
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Maruyama K, Mizuna M, Kosuge T, Takeda Y, Iwase E, Kan T. Spiral Chiral Metamaterial Structure Shape for Optical Activity Improvements. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1156. [PMID: 37374740 DOI: 10.3390/mi14061156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
We report on a spiral structure suitable for obtaining a large optical response. We constructed a structural mechanics model of the shape of the planar spiral structure when deformed and verified the effectiveness of the model. As a verification structure, we fabricated a large-scale spiral structure that operates in the GHz band by laser processing. Based on the GHz radio wave experiments, a more uniform deformation structure exhibited a higher cross-polarization component. This result suggests that uniform deformation structures can improve circular dichroism. Since large-scale devices enable speedy prototype verification, the obtained knowledge can be exported to miniaturized-scale devices, such as MEMS terahertz metamaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Maruyama
- School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Miyako Mizuna
- Department of Applied Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Takuya Kosuge
- Department of Mechanical and Intelligent Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Yuki Takeda
- Department of Applied Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Eiji Iwase
- Department of Applied Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
- Kagami Memorial Research Institute for Materials Science and Technology, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-0051, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Kan
- Department of Mechanical and Intelligent Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
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2
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Abstract
Active meta polarizers based on phase-change materials have recently led to emerging developments in terahertz devices and systems for imaging, security, and high-speed communications. Existing technologies of adaptive control of meta polarizers are limited to the complexity of external stimuli. Here, we introduce an active terahertz polarizer consisting of a single layer of large array patterns of vanadium dioxide material integrated with metallic patch matrix to dynamically reconfigure the polarization of the terahertz waves. The proposed active polarizer is simple in structure and can independently manipulate the polarization of the incident THz waves in two orthogonal directions. In addition, the device can also be performing as a highly efficient reflector at the same frequencies. We demonstrate that efficient and fast polarization changes of THz waves can be achieved over a wide operating bandwidth. Compared with other active polarizers using mechanical, optical and thermal controls, it can be conveniently manipulated with DC bias without any external actuators, intense laser source or heater. Therefore, with the advantages of high efficiency, compact size, low loss, low cost and fast response, the proposed polarizer can be highly integrative and practical to operate within adaptive terahertz circuits and systems.
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3
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Lee S, Baek S, Kim TT, Cho H, Lee S, Kang JH, Min B. Metamaterials for Enhanced Optical Responses and their Application to Active Control of Terahertz Waves. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2000250. [PMID: 32187763 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202000250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Metamaterials, artificially constructed structures that mimic lattices in natural materials, have made numerous contributions to the development of unconventional optical devices. With an increasing demand for more diverse functionalities, terahertz (THz) metamaterials are also expanding their domain, from the realm of mere passive devices to the broader area where functionalized active THz devices are particularly required. A brief review on THz metamaterials is given with a focus on research conducted in the authors' group. The first part is centered on enhanced THz optical responses from tightly coupled meta-atom structures, such as high refractive index, enhanced optical activity, anomalous wavelength scaling, large phase retardation, and nondispersive polarization rotation. Next, electrically gated graphene metamaterials are reviewed with an emphasis on the functionalization of enhanced THz optical responses. Finally, the linear frequency conversion of THz waves in a rapidly time-variant THz metamaterial is briefly discussed in the more general context of spatiotemporal control of light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seojoo Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Soojeong Baek
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Teun-Teun Kim
- Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyukjoon Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangha Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hun Kang
- Department of Optical Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan, 31080, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumki Min
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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4
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Liu M, Xu Q, Chen X, Plum E, Li H, Zhang X, Zhang C, Zou C, Han J, Zhang W. Temperature-Controlled Asymmetric Transmission of Electromagnetic Waves. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4097. [PMID: 30858496 PMCID: PMC6412064 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40791-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Chiral materials can exhibit different levels of transmission for opposite propagation directions of the same electromagnetic wave. Here we demonstrate thermal switching of asymmetric transmission of linearly polarized terahertz waves. The effect is observed in a terahertz metamaterial containing 3D-chiral metallic inclusions and achiral vanadium dioxide inclusions. The chiral structure exhibits pronounced asymmetric transmission at room temperature when vanadium dioxide is in its insulator phase. As the metamaterial is heated, the insulator-to-metal phase transition of vanadium dioxide effectively renders the structure achiral and the transmission asymmetry vanishes. We demonstrate the effect numerically and experimentally, describe it analytically and explain the underlying physical mechanism based on simulated surface current distributions. Potential applications include directionally asymmetric active devices as well as intensity and polarization modulators for electromagnetic waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Liu
- Center for Terahertz waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University and the Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Quan Xu
- Center for Terahertz waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University and the Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xieyu Chen
- Center for Terahertz waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University and the Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Eric Plum
- Centre for Photonic Metamaterials & Optoelectronics Research Centre, Zepler Institute, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Hua Li
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xueqian Zhang
- Center for Terahertz waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University and the Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Caihong Zhang
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
| | - Chongwen Zou
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, China
| | - Jiaguang Han
- Center for Terahertz waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University and the Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Weili Zhang
- Center for Terahertz waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University and the Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin, 300072, China.,School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, 74078, USA
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5
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Balakin AV, Garnov SV, Makarov VA, Kuzechkin NA, Obraztsov PA, Solyankin PM, Shkurinov AP, Zhu Y. "Terhune-like" transformation of the terahertz polarization ellipse "mutually induced" by three-wave joint propagation in liquid. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:4406-4409. [PMID: 30211876 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.004406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, we show experimentally for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, the possibility to observe the effect of polarization mutual action of three elliptically polarized waves, with one of them at terahertz frequency, when they propagate in the isotropic nonlinear medium. When three light pulses are propagated at frequencies ω, 2ω, and ωTHz through liquid nitrogen, we observed the rotation of the ellipse main axis and the ellipticity change. We have shown that this effect is very well described theoretically in the framework of a physical approach analogous to the self-rotation of the polarization ellipse first described in 1964 by Maker et al., but expanded for the case of multi-frequency interaction.
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6
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Wang S, Kang L, Werner DH. Active Terahertz Chiral Metamaterials Based on Phase Transition of Vanadium Dioxide (VO 2). Sci Rep 2018; 8:189. [PMID: 29317690 PMCID: PMC5760594 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18472-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared with natural materials, chiral metamaterials have been demonstrated with orders of magnitude stronger chiroptical response, which provides the basis for applications such as ultracompact polarization components and plasmonic-enhanced biosensing. Terahertz chiral metamaterials that allow dynamic polarization control of terahertz waves are of great practical interest, but remain extremely rare. Here, we show that hybrid metamaterials integrated with vanadium dioxide (VO2) exhibiting phase transition can enable dynamically tunable chiroptical responses at terahertz frequencies. In particular, a circular dichroism of ~40° and a maximum polarization rotation of ~200°/λ are observed around 0.7 THz. Furthermore, our study also reveals that the chiroptical response from the proposed metamaterials is strongly dependent on the phase transition of VO2, leading to actively controllable polarization states of the transmitted terahertz waves. This work paves the way for the development of terahertz metadevices capable of enabling active polarization manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengxiang Wang
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430073, China.
- State Key Laboratory for Hubei New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technology, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430020, China.
| | - Lei Kang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Douglas H Werner
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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7
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Hashemi MR, Cakmakyapan S, Jarrahi M. Reconfigurable metamaterials for terahertz wave manipulation. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2017; 80:094501. [PMID: 28590254 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aa77cb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Reconfigurable metamaterials have emerged as promising platforms for manipulating the spectral and spatial properties of terahertz waves without being limited by the characteristics of naturally existing materials. Here, we present a comprehensive overview of various types of reconfigurable metamaterials that are utilized to manipulate the intensity, phase, polarization, and propagation direction of terahertz waves. We discuss various reconfiguration mechanisms based on optical, electrical, thermal, and mechanical stimuli while using semiconductors, superconductors, phase-change materials, graphene, and electromechanical structures. The advantages and disadvantages of different reconfigurable metamaterial designs in terms of modulation efficiency, modulation bandwidth, modulation speed, and system complexity are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed R Hashemi
- University of California, Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles CA, 90095, United States of America
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8
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Cao T, Li Y, Wei CW, Qiu YM. Numerical study of tunable enhanced chirality in multilayer stack achiral phase-change metamaterials. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:9911-9925. [PMID: 28468371 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.009911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We numerically demonstrate a multiband circular dichroism (CD) by tilting achiral metamaterials (MMs) composed of an elliptical nanoholes array (ENA) penetrating through metal/ phase-change material (PCM) /metal multilayer stack, with respect to the incident light. The CD spectrum can be actively tuned across a wide range from the near-infrared (NIR) to mid-infrared (MIR) regime by transiting the state of the PCM (Ge2Sb2Te5) from amorphous to crystalline. Thus, it can switch on/off a multiband chiroptical response in the infrared region. Our simulation also elucidates that the achiral multilayer stack MMs, which have strong magnetic resonances, can enhance the optical chirality inside the elliptical apertures for both amorphous and crystalline states. The switching of the enhanced chirality may pave the way to manipulate electromagnetic waves, such as tunable circular polarizers, chiroptical spectroscopy, and chiral biosensors.
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9
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Aschaffenburg DJ, Williams MRC, Schmuttenmaer CA. Terahertz spectroscopic polarimetry of generalized anisotropic media composed of Archimedean spiral arrays: Experiments and simulations. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:174705. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4947469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Aschaffenburg
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect St., P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, USA
| | - Michael R. C. Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect St., P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, USA
| | - Charles A. Schmuttenmaer
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect St., P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, USA
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10
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Lv TT, Li YX, Ma HF, Zhu Z, Li ZP, Guan CY, Shi JH, Zhang H, Cui TJ. Hybrid metamaterial switching for manipulating chirality based on VO2 phase transition. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23186. [PMID: 27000427 PMCID: PMC4802382 DOI: 10.1038/srep23186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Polarization manipulations of electromagnetic waves can be obtained by chiral and anisotropic metamaterials routinely, but the dynamic and high-efficiency modulations of chiral properties still remain challenging at the terahertz range. Here, we theoretically demonstrate a new scheme for realizing thermal-controlled chirality using a hybrid terahertz metamaterial with embedded vanadium dioxide (VO2) films. The phase transition of VO2 films in 90° twisted E-shaped resonators enables high-efficiency thermal modulation of linear polarization conversion. The asymmetric transmission of linearly polarized wave and circular dichroism simultaneously exhibit a pronounced switching effect dictated by temperature-controlled conductivity of VO2 inclusions. The proposed hybrid metamaterial design opens exciting possibilities to achieve dynamic modulation of terahertz waves and further develop tunable terahertz polarization devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Lv
- Key Laboratory of In-Fiber Integrated Optics of Ministry of Education, College of Science, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China.,School of Electronic Science, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China
| | - Y X Li
- Key Laboratory of In-Fiber Integrated Optics of Ministry of Education, College of Science, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - H F Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Z Zhu
- Key Laboratory of In-Fiber Integrated Optics of Ministry of Education, College of Science, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Z P Li
- Key Laboratory of In-Fiber Integrated Optics of Ministry of Education, College of Science, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - C Y Guan
- Key Laboratory of In-Fiber Integrated Optics of Ministry of Education, College of Science, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - J H Shi
- Key Laboratory of In-Fiber Integrated Optics of Ministry of Education, College of Science, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China.,SZU-NUS Collaborative Innovation Centre for Optoelectronic Science &Technology, and Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - H Zhang
- SZU-NUS Collaborative Innovation Centre for Optoelectronic Science &Technology, and Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - T J Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
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11
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Takahashi F, Miyamoto K, Hidai H, Yamane K, Morita R, Omatsu T. Picosecond optical vortex pulse illumination forms a monocrystalline silicon needle. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21738. [PMID: 26907639 PMCID: PMC4764855 DOI: 10.1038/srep21738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of a monocrystalline silicon needle by picosecond optical vortex pulse illumination was demonstrated for the first time in this study. The dynamics of this silicon needle formation was further revealed by employing an ultrahigh-speed camera. The melted silicon was collected through picosecond pulse deposition to the dark core of the optical vortex, forming the silicon needle on a submicrosecond time scale. The needle was composed of monocrystalline silicon with the same lattice index (100) as that of the silicon substrate, and had a height of approximately 14 μm and a thickness of approximately 3 μm. Overlaid vortex pulses allowed the needle to be shaped with a height of approximately 40 μm without any changes to the crystalline properties. Such a monocrystalline silicon needle can be applied to devices in many fields, such as core–shell structures for silicon photonics and photovoltaic devices as well as nano- or microelectromechanical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyuto Takahashi
- Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.,Molecular Chirality Research Center, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Hidai
- Graduate School of Mechanical Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Keisaku Yamane
- Department of Applied Physics, Hokkaido University, Kita-13, Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Ryuji Morita
- Department of Applied Physics, Hokkaido University, Kita-13, Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Takashige Omatsu
- Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.,Molecular Chirality Research Center, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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12
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Arteaga O, Sancho-Parramon J, Nichols S, Maoz BM, Canillas A, Bosch S, Markovich G, Kahr B. Relation between 2D/3D chirality and the appearance of chiroptical effects in real nanostructures. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:2242-52. [PMID: 26906800 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.002242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The optical activity of fabricated metallic nanostructures is investigated by complete polarimetry. While lattices decorated with nanoscale gammadia etched in thin metallic films have been described as two dimensional, planar nanostructures, they are better described as quasi-planar structures with some three dimensional character. We find that the optical activity of these structures arises not only from the dissymmetric backing by a substrate but, more importantly, from the selective rounding of the nanostructure edges. A true chiroptical response in the far-field is only allowed when the gammadia contain these non-planar features. This is demonstrated by polarimetric measurements in conjunction with electrodynamical simulations based on the discrete dipole approximation that consider non-ideal gammadia. It is also shown that subtle planar dissymmetries in gammadia are sufficient to generate asymmetric transmission of circular polarized light.
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13
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Oh SS, Hess O. Chiral metamaterials: enhancement and control of optical activity and circular dichroism. NANO CONVERGENCE 2015; 2:24. [PMID: 28191410 PMCID: PMC5270967 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-015-0058-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The control of the optical activity and ellipticity of a medium has drawn considerable attention due to the recent developments in metamaterial design techniques and a deeper understanding of the light matter interaction in composite metallic structures. Indeed, recently proposed designs of metaatoms have enabled the realisation of materials with unprecedented chiral optical properties e.g. strong optical activity, broadband optical activity, and nondispersive zero ellipticity. Combining chiral metamaterials with nonlinear materials has opened up new possibilities in the field of nonlinear chirality as well as provided the foundation for switchable chiral devices. Furthermore, chirality together with hyperbolicity can be used to realise new exciting materials such as photonic topological insulators. In this review, we will outline the fundamental principles of chiral metamaterials and report on recent progress in providing the foundations for promising applications of switchable chiral metamaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Soon Oh
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Ortwin Hess
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ UK
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14
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Yin X, Schäferling M, Michel AKU, Tittl A, Wuttig M, Taubner T, Giessen H. Active Chiral Plasmonics. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:4255-4260. [PMID: 26039735 DOI: 10.1021/nl5042325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Active control over the handedness of a chiral metamaterial has the potential to serve as key element for highly integrated polarization engineering approaches, polarization sensitive imaging devices, and stereo display technologies. However, this is hard to achieve as it seemingly involves the reconfiguration of the metamolecule from a left-handed into a right-handed enantiomer and vice versa. This type of mechanical actuation is intricate and usually neither monolithically realizable nor viable for high-speed applications. Here, enabled by the phase change material Ge3Sb2Te6 (GST-326), we demonstrate a tunable and switchable mid-infrared plasmonic chiral metamaterial in a proof-of-concept experiment. A large tunability range of the circular dichroism response from λ = 4.15 to 4.90 μm is achieved, and we experimentally demonstrate that the combination of a passive bias-type chiral layer with the active chiral metamaterial allows for switchable chirality, that is, the reversal of the circular dichroism sign, in a fully planar, layered design without the need for geometrical reconfiguration. Because phase change materials can be electrically and optically switched, our designs may open up a path for highly integrated mid-IR polarization engineering devices that can be modulated on ultrafast time scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghui Yin
- †4th Physics Institute and Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, 70550, Stuttgart, Germany
- §Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Martin Schäferling
- †4th Physics Institute and Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, 70550, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ann-Katrin U Michel
- ‡I. Institute of Physics (IA), RWTH Aachen University, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Tittl
- †4th Physics Institute and Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, 70550, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Matthias Wuttig
- ‡I. Institute of Physics (IA), RWTH Aachen University, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Taubner
- ‡I. Institute of Physics (IA), RWTH Aachen University, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Harald Giessen
- †4th Physics Institute and Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, 70550, Stuttgart, Germany
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15
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Kanda N, Konishi K, Kuwata-Gonokami M. All-photoinduced terahertz optical activity. OPTICS LETTERS 2014; 39:3274-3277. [PMID: 24876031 DOI: 10.1364/ol.39.003274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We proposed and demonstrated active control of terahertz optical activity via chiral patterned photoexcitation in a semiconductor with a spatial light modulator (SLM). Arbitrary patterns can be generated by a SLM, including completely symmetric enantiomer pairs. This technique provides a new route to terahertz polarization modulators.
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16
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Konishi K, Bai B, Toya Y, Turunen J, Svirko YP, Kuwata-Gonokami M. Surface-plasmon enhanced optical activity in two-dimensional metal chiral networks. OPTICS LETTERS 2012; 37:4446-4448. [PMID: 23114324 DOI: 10.1364/ol.37.004446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the optical properties of a novel chiral metamaterial; two-dimensional metal chiral networks formed from metal ribbons deposited on a dielectric substrate. For zeroth-order transmitted light, sharp optical resonances were observed at spectral positions, which are determined by the surface plasmon resonance frequencies of the periodic metal structures. The experimental results are in excellent agreement with numerical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuniaki Konishi
- Photon Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Kanda N, Konishi K, Kuwata-Gonokami M. Dynamics of photo-induced terahertz optical activity in metal chiral gratings. OPTICS LETTERS 2012; 37:3510-3512. [PMID: 22940932 DOI: 10.1364/ol.37.003510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the dynamics of photo-induced optical activity of metal chiral gratings on an Si substrate for terahertz (THz) waves. We employed a new technique that enables optical-pump and THz-probe measurements via broadband THz spectroscopy at the microsecond time scale using a low-repetition-rate pump and a high-repetition-rate probe. We revealed that the THz optical activity decays as a result of the carrier diffusion effect because this optical activity is because of the presence of three-dimensional chiral structures of photo-carriers in the Si substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuki Kanda
- Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, and Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Tokyo, Japan
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Lee S, Kim S, Kim TT, Kim Y, Choi M, Lee SH, Kim JY, Min B. Reversibly stretchable and tunable terahertz metamaterials with wrinkled layouts. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2012; 24:3491-3497. [PMID: 22688807 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201200419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The use of wrinkling provides a generic route to stretchable metamaterials, with unprecedented terahertz tunability. The wrinkled metamaterial can be stretched reversibly up to 52.5%; the structural integrity can be maintained during at least 100 stretching/relaxing cycles. Importantly, the wrinkling of meta-atoms offers a deterministic way to achieve controlled broadening of electrical resonance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungwoo Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 305-701, Korea
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Photoinduced handedness switching in terahertz chiral metamolecules. Nat Commun 2012; 3:942. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 362] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Yasumatsu N, Watanabe S. Precise real-time polarization measurement of terahertz electromagnetic waves by a spinning electro-optic sensor. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2012; 83:023104. [PMID: 22380076 DOI: 10.1063/1.3683570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We propose and develop a method to quickly and precisely determine the polarization direction of coherent terahertz electromagnetic waves generated by femtosecond laser pulses. The measurement system consists of a conventional terahertz time-domain spectroscopy system with the electro-optic (EO) sampling method, but we add a new functionality in the EO crystal which is continuously rotating with the angular frequency ω. We find a simple yet useful formulation of the EO signal as a function of the crystal orientation, which enables a lock-in-like detection of both the electric-field amplitude and the absolute polarization direction of the terahertz waves with respect to the probe laser pulse polarization direction at the same time. The single measurement finishes around two periods of the crystal rotations (∼21 ms), and we experimentally prove that the accuracy of the polarization measurement does not suffer from the long-term amplitude fluctuation of the terahertz pulses. Distribution of the measured polarization directions by repeating the measurements is excellently fitted by a gaussian distribution function with a standard deviation of σ = 0.56°. The developed technique is useful for the fast direct determination of the polarization state of the terahertz electromagnetic waves for polarization imaging applications as well as the precise terahertz Faraday or Kerr rotation spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Yasumatsu
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan.
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Ou JY, Plum E, Jiang L, Zheludev NI. Reconfigurable photonic metamaterials. NANO LETTERS 2011; 11:2142-2144. [PMID: 21480583 DOI: 10.1021/nl200791r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We introduce mechanically reconfigurable photonic metamaterials (RPMs) as a flexible platform for realizing metamaterial devices with reversible and large-range tunable characteristics in the optical part of the spectrum. Here we illustrate this concept for a temperature-driven RPM exhibiting reversible relative transmission changes of up to 50%.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Ou
- Optoelectronics Research Centre and Centre for Photonic Metamaterials, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom.
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