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Mahmudlu H, May S, Angulo A, Sorel M, Kues M. AlGaAs-on-insulator waveguide for highly efficient photon-pair generation via spontaneous four-wave mixing. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:1061-1064. [PMID: 33649657 DOI: 10.1364/ol.418932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report on the generation of correlated photon pairs in AlGaAs-on-insulator (AlGaAs-OI) waveguides through nonlinear spontaneous four-wave-mixing (SFWM). Our measurements reveal an SFWM pair generation efficiency of ∼0.096×1012pairs/(sW2) at a wavelength of 1550 nm. This is one of the highest efficiencies achieved to date for integrated SFWM sources. A maximal coincidence-to-accidental ratio of ∼122 is measured. A spectral characterization of the device's pair emission at the quantum level demonstrates a broad generation bandwidth of 2.0 THz, which is important for frequency multiplexing applications. Our results indicate that AlGaAs-OI is an efficient material platform for integrated quantum photonics at telecom wavelengths.
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Hemsley E, Bonneau D, Pelc J, Beausoleil R, O'Brien JL, Thompson MG. Photon pair generation in hydrogenated amorphous silicon microring resonators. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38908. [PMID: 27996014 PMCID: PMC5171649 DOI: 10.1038/srep38908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We generate photon pairs in a-Si:H microrings using a CW pump, and find the Kerr coefficient of a-Si:H to be 3.73 ± 0.25 × 10-17m2/W. By measuring the Q factor with coupled power we find that the loss in the a-Si:H micro-rings scales linearly with power, and therefore cannot originate from two photon absorption. Theoretically comparing a-Si:H and c-Si micro-ring pair sources, we show that the high Kerr coefficient of this sample of a-Si:H is best utilized for microrings with Q factors below 103, but that for higher Q factor devices the photon pair rate is greatly suppressed due to the first order loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Hemsley
- Quantum Engineering Technology Labs, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical &Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, BS8 1FD, UK
| | - Damien Bonneau
- Quantum Engineering Technology Labs, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical &Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, BS8 1FD, UK
| | - Jason Pelc
- Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, 1501 Page Mill Rd., Palo Alto, CA 94304-1126, USA
| | - Ray Beausoleil
- Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, 1501 Page Mill Rd., Palo Alto, CA 94304-1126, USA
| | - Jeremy L O'Brien
- Quantum Engineering Technology Labs, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical &Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, BS8 1FD, UK
| | - Mark G Thompson
- Quantum Engineering Technology Labs, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical &Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, BS8 1FD, UK
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Wathen JJ, Pagán VR, Suess RJ, Wang KY, Foster AC, Murphy TE. Non-instantaneous optical nonlinearity of an a-Si:H nanowire waveguide. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:22730-22742. [PMID: 25321742 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.022730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We use pump-probe spectroscopy and continuous wave cross-phase and cross-amplitude modulation measurements to study the optical nonlinearity of a hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) nanowire waveguide, and we compare the results to those of a crystalline silicon waveguide of similar dimensions. The a-Si:H nanowire shows essentially zero instantaneous two-photon absorption, but it displays a strong, long-lived non-instantaneous nonlinearity that is both absorptive and refractive. Power scaling measurements show that this non-instantaneous nonlinearity in a-Si:H scales as a third-order nonlinearity, and the refractive component possesses the opposite sign to that expected for free-carrier dispersion.
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Wang KY, Velev VG, Lee KF, Kowligy AS, Kumar P, Foster MA, Foster AC, Huang YP. Multichannel photon-pair generation using hydrogenated amorphous silicon waveguides. OPTICS LETTERS 2014; 39:914-917. [PMID: 24562240 DOI: 10.1364/ol.39.000914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate highly efficient photon-pair generation using an 8 mm long hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) waveguide in far-detuned multiple wavelength channels simultaneously, measuring a coincidence-to-accidental ratio as high as 400. We also characterize the contamination from Raman scattering and show it to be insignificant over a spectrum span of at least 5 THz. Our results highlight a-Si:H as a potential high-performance, CMOS-compatible platform for large-scale quantum applications, particularly those based on the use of multiplexed quantum signals.
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Xiong C, Vo TD, Collins MJ, Li J, Krauss TF, Steel MJ, Clark AS, Eggleton BJ. Bidirectional multiplexing of heralded single photons from a silicon chip. OPTICS LETTERS 2013; 38:5176-5179. [PMID: 24281539 DOI: 10.1364/ol.38.005176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate integrated spatial multiplexing of heralded single photons generated from a single 96 μm long silicon photonic crystal waveguide in a bidirectional pump configuration. By using a low-loss fiber-coupled opto-ceramic switch, the multiplexing technique enhances the brightness of the single photon source by 51.2±4.0% while maintaining the coincidence-to-accidental ratio. Compared with the demonstration of multiplexing two individual sources, the bidirectional pump scheme represents a twofold reduction in the footprint of nonlinear devices for future large-scale integration of on-chip single photon sources. The 51.2±4.0% gain will make any quantum operation requiring n photons 1.5(n) times faster.
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Husko CA, Clark AS, Collins MJ, De Rossi A, Combrié S, Lehoucq G, Rey IH, Krauss TF, Xiong C, Eggleton BJ. Multi-photon absorption limits to heralded single photon sources. Sci Rep 2013; 3:3087. [PMID: 24186400 PMCID: PMC3816289 DOI: 10.1038/srep03087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Single photons are of paramount importance to future quantum technologies, including quantum communication and computation. Nonlinear photonic devices using parametric processes offer a straightforward route to generating photons, however additional nonlinear processes may come into play and interfere with these sources. Here we analyse spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) sources in the presence of multi-photon processes. We conduct experiments in silicon and gallium indium phosphide photonic crystal waveguides which display inherently different nonlinear absorption processes, namely two-photon (TPA) and three-photon absorption (ThPA), respectively. We develop a novel model capturing these diverse effects which is in excellent quantitative agreement with measurements of brightness, coincidence-to-accidental ratio (CAR) and second-order correlation function g((2))(0), showing that TPA imposes an intrinsic limit on heralded single photon sources. We build on these observations to devise a new metric, the quantum utility (QMU), enabling further optimisation of single photon sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad A. Husko
- Centre for Ultrahigh-bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems (CUDOS), Institute of Photonics and Optical Science (IPOS), School of Physics, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Alex S. Clark
- Centre for Ultrahigh-bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems (CUDOS), Institute of Photonics and Optical Science (IPOS), School of Physics, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Matthew J. Collins
- Centre for Ultrahigh-bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems (CUDOS), Institute of Photonics and Optical Science (IPOS), School of Physics, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Alfredo De Rossi
- Thales Research and Technology, 1 Av. A. Fresnel, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - Sylvain Combrié
- Thales Research and Technology, 1 Av. A. Fresnel, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - Gaëlle Lehoucq
- Thales Research and Technology, 1 Av. A. Fresnel, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - Isabella H. Rey
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9SS, UK
| | | | - Chunle Xiong
- Centre for Ultrahigh-bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems (CUDOS), Institute of Photonics and Optical Science (IPOS), School of Physics, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Benjamin J. Eggleton
- Centre for Ultrahigh-bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems (CUDOS), Institute of Photonics and Optical Science (IPOS), School of Physics, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Shen L, Healy N, Mehta P, Day TD, Sparks JR, Badding JV, Peacock AC. Nonlinear transmission properties of hydrogenated amorphous silicon core fibers towards the mid-infrared regime. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:13075-13083. [PMID: 23736561 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.013075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The nonlinear transmission properties of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) core fibers are characterized from the near-infrared up to the edge of the mid-infrared regime. The results show that this material exhibits linear losses on the order of a few dB/cm, or less, over the entire wavelength range, decreasing down to a value of 0.29 dB/cm at 2.7μm, and negligible nonlinear losses beyond the two-photon absorption (TPA) edge ~ 1.7μm. By measuring the dispersion of the nonlinear Kerr and TPA parameters we have found that the nonlinear figure of merit (FOM(NL)) increases dramatically over this region, with FOM(NL) > 20 around 2μm and above. This characterization demonstrates the potential for a-Si:H fibers and waveguides to find use in nonlinear applications extending beyond telecoms and into the mid-infrared regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Shen
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Suda S, Tanizawa K, Sakakibara Y, Kamei T, Nakanishi K, Itoga E, Ogasawara T, Takei R, Kawashima H, Namiki S, Mori M, Hasama T, Ishikawa H. Pattern-effect-free all-optical wavelength conversion using a hydrogenated amorphous silicon waveguide with ultra-fast carrier decay. OPTICS LETTERS 2012; 37:1382-1384. [PMID: 22513693 DOI: 10.1364/ol.37.001382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Ultra-fast carrier decay, recently discovered in a hydrogenated amorphous silicon waveguide, can be exploited for pattern-effect-free all-optical signal processing based on optical Kerr nonlinearity. In this study, we utilized a 10 Gbit/s RZ-OOK data stream as a pump for degenerate four-wave mixing in a low-loss hydrogenated amorphous silicon waveguide. The propagation loss of the waveguide used was 1.0±0.2 dB/cm at 1550 nm. Unlike crystalline silicon waveguides, no noticeable difference was observed in the BER characteristics between the cases of PRBS 2(7)-1 and 2(31)-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Suda
- Network Photonics Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8568, Japan. s‑
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Mehta P, Healy N, Day TD, Sparks JR, Sazio PJA, Badding JV, Peacock AC. All-optical modulation using two-photon absorption in silicon core optical fibers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:19078-19083. [PMID: 21996848 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.019078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
All-optical modulation based on degenerate and non-degenerate two-photon absorption (TPA) is demonstrated within a hydrogenated amorphous silicon core optical fiber. The nonlinear absorption strength is determined by comparing the results of pump-probe experiments with numerical simulations of the coupled propagation equations. Subpicosecond modulation is achieved with an extinction ratio of more than 4 dB at telecommunications wavelengths, indicating the potential for these fibers to find use in high speed signal processing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mehta
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
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Xiong C, Monat C, Clark AS, Grillet C, Marshall GD, Steel MJ, Li J, O'Faolain L, Krauss TF, Rarity JG, Eggleton BJ. Slow-light enhanced correlated photon pair generation in a silicon photonic crystal waveguide. OPTICS LETTERS 2011; 36:3413-3415. [PMID: 21886228 DOI: 10.1364/ol.36.003413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report the generation of correlated photon pairs in the telecom C-band at room temperature from a dispersion-engineered silicon photonic crystal waveguide. The spontaneous four-wave mixing process producing the photon pairs is enhanced by slow-light propagation enabling an active device length of less than 100 μm. With a coincidence to accidental ratio of 12.8 at a pair generation rate of 0.006 per pulse, this ultracompact photon pair source paves the way toward scalable quantum information processing realized on-chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Xiong
- Centre for Ultrahigh-bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems (CUDOS), Institute of Photonics and Optical Science (IPOS), School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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Kuyken B, Clemmen S, Selvaraja SK, Bogaerts W, Van Thourhout D, Emplit P, Massar S, Roelkens G, Baets R. On-chip parametric amplification with 26.5 dB gain at telecommunication wavelengths using CMOS-compatible hydrogenated amorphous silicon waveguides. OPTICS LETTERS 2011; 36:552-554. [PMID: 21326453 DOI: 10.1364/ol.36.000552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We present what we believe to be the first study of parametric amplification in hydrogenated amorphous silicon waveguides. Broadband on/off amplification up to 26.5 dB at telecom wavelength is reported. Measured nonlinear parameter is 770 W(-) m(-1), nonlinear absorption 28 W(-1) m(-1), bandgap 1.61 eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Kuyken
- INTEC Department, Ghent University-IMEC, Ghent, Belgium.
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