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Kendall WY, Tian Q, Zhao S, Mirminachi S, O’Kane E, Joseph A, Dufault D, Miller DA, Shi C, Roper J, Wax A. Deep learning classification of ex vivo human colon tissues using spectroscopic optical coherence tomography. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2024; 17:e202400082. [PMID: 38955358 PMCID: PMC11416900 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202400082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Screening for colorectal cancer (CRC) with colonoscopy has improved patient outcomes; however, it remains the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality, novel strategies to improve screening are needed. Here, we propose an optical biopsy technique based on spectroscopic optical coherence tomography (OCT). Depth resolved OCT images are analyzed as a function of wavelength to measure optical tissue properties and used as input to machine learning algorithms. Previously, we used this approach to analyze mouse colon polyps. Here, we extend the approach to examine human biopsied colonic epithelial tissue samples ex vivo. Optical properties are used as input to a novel deep learning architecture, producing accuracy of up to 97.9% in discriminating tissue type. SOCT parameters are used to create false colored en face OCT images and deep learning classifications are used to enable visual classification by tissue type. This study advances SOCT toward clinical utility for analysis of colonic epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley Y. Kendall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Qinyi Tian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shi Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Seyedbabak Mirminachi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Erin O’Kane
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Abel Joseph
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Darin Dufault
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - David A. Miller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Chanjuan Shi
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jatin Roper
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Adam Wax
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Kendall WY, Tian Q, Zhao S, Mirminachi S, Joseph A, Dufault D, Shi C, Roper J, Wax A. Deep learning classification of ex vivo human colon tissues using spectroscopic OCT. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.04.555974. [PMID: 37732221 PMCID: PMC10508742 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.04.555974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Screening programs for colorectal cancer (CRC) have had a profound impact on the morbidity and mortality of this disease by detecting and removing early cancers and precancerous adenomas with colonoscopy. However, CRC continues to be the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality in both men and woman, partly because of limitations in colonoscopy-based screening. Thus, novel strategies to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of screening colonoscopy are urgently needed. Here, we propose to address this need using an optical biopsy technique based on spectroscopic optical coherence tomography (OCT). The depth resolved images obtained with OCT are analyzed as a function of wavelength to measure optical tissue properties. The optical properties can be used as input to machine learning algorithms as a means to classify adenomatous tissue in the colon. In this study, biopsied tissue samples from the colonic epithelium are analyzed ex vivo using spectroscopic OCT and tissue classifications are generated using a novel deep learning architecture, informed by machine learning methods including LSTM and KNN. The overall classification accuracy obtained was 88.9%, 76.0% and 97.9% in discriminating tissue type for these methods. Further, we apply an approach using false coloring of en face OCT images based on SOCT parameters and deep learning predictions to enable visual identification of tissue type. This study advances the spectroscopic OCT towards clinical utility for analyzing colonic epithelium for signs of adenoma.
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3
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Ge X, Tang H, Wang X, Liu X, Chen S, Wang N, Ni G, Yu X, Chen S, Liang H, Bo E, Wang L, Braganza CS, Xu C, Rowe SM, Tearney GJ, Liu L. Geometry-Dependent Spectroscopic Contrast in Deep Tissues. iScience 2019; 19:965-975. [PMID: 31522119 PMCID: PMC6745491 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nano-structures of biological systems can produce diverse spectroscopic effects through interactions with broadband light. Although structured coloration at the surface has been extensively studied, natural spectroscopic contrasts in deep tissues are poorly understood, which may carry valuable information for evaluating the anatomy and function of biological systems. Here we investigated the spectroscopic characteristics of an important geometry in deep tissues at the nanometer scale: packed nano-cylinders, in the near-infrared window, numerically predicted and experimentally proved that transversely oriented and regularly arranged nano-cylinders could selectively backscatter light of the long wavelengths. Notably, we found that the spectroscopic contrast of nanoscale fibrous structures was sensitive to the pressure load, possibly owing to the changes in the orientation, the degree of alignment, and the spacing. To explore the underlying physical basis, we further developed an analytical model based on the radial distribution function in terms of their radius, refractive index, and spatial distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ge
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Republic of Singapore
| | - Hongying Tang
- College of Information, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Xianghong Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Republic of Singapore
| | - Xinyu Liu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Republic of Singapore
| | - Si Chen
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Republic of Singapore
| | - Nanshuo Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Republic of Singapore
| | - Guangming Ni
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Xiaojun Yu
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Shufen Chen
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Republic of Singapore
| | - Haitao Liang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Republic of Singapore
| | - En Bo
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Republic of Singapore
| | - Lulu Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Republic of Singapore
| | - Cilwyn Shalitha Braganza
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Republic of Singapore
| | - Chenjie Xu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Republic of Singapore
| | - Steven M Rowe
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Guillermo J Tearney
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Linbo Liu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Republic of Singapore; School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Republic of Singapore.
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Song W, Zhou L, Zhang S, Ness S, Desai M, Yi J. Fiber-based visible and near infrared optical coherence tomography (vnOCT) enables quantitative elastic light scattering spectroscopy in human retina. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9:3464-3480. [PMID: 29984110 PMCID: PMC6033571 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.003464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Elastic light scattering spectroscopy (ELSS) has been proven a powerful method in measuring tissue structures with exquisite nanoscale sensitivity. However, ELSS contrast in the living human retina has been relatively underexplored, primarily due to the lack of imaging tools with a large spectral bandwidth. Here, we report a simple all fiber-based setup to implement dual-channel visible and near infrared (NIR) optical coherence tomography (vnOCT) for human retinal imaging, bridging over a 300nm spectral gap. Remarkably, the fiber components in our vnOCT system support single-mode propagation for both visible and NIR light, both of which maintain excellent interference efficiencies with fringe visibility of 97% and 90%, respectively. The longitudinal chromatic aberration from the eye is corrected by a custom-designed achromatizing lens. The elegant fiber-based design enables simultaneous imaging for both channels and allows comprehensive ELSS analysis on several important anatomical layers, including nerve fiber layer, outer segment of the photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium. This vnOCT platform and method of ELSS analysis open new opportunities in understanding structure-function relationship in the human retina and in exploring new biomarkers for retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiye Song
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Libo Zhou
- College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Sui Zhang
- Danna-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Steven Ness
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Manishi Desai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Ji Yi
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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A systematic review on the quality of measurement techniques for the assessment of burn wound depth or healing potential. Burns 2018; 45:261-281. [PMID: 29941159 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Reliable and valid assessment of burn wound depth or healing potential is essential to treatment decision-making, to provide a prognosis, and to compare studies evaluating different treatment modalities. The aim of this review was to critically appraise, compare and summarize the quality of relevant measurement properties of techniques that aim to assess burn wound depth or healing potential. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library. Two reviewers independently evaluated the methodological quality of included articles using an adapted version of the Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) checklist. A synthesis of evidence was performed to rate the measurement properties for each technique and to draw an overall conclusion on quality of the techniques. RESULTS Thirty-six articles were included, evaluating various techniques, classified as (1) laser Doppler techniques; (2) thermography or thermal imaging; (3) other measurement techniques. Strong evidence was found for adequate construct validity of laser Doppler imaging (LDI). Moderate evidence was found for adequate construct validity of thermography, videomicroscopy, and spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI). Only two studies reported on the measurement property reliability. Furthermore, considerable variation was observed among comparator instruments. CONCLUSIONS Considering the evidence available, it appears that LDI is currently the most favorable technique; thereby assessing burn wound healing potential. Additional research is needed into thermography, videomicroscopy, and SFDI to evaluate their full potential. Future studies should focus on reliability and measurement error, and provide a precise description of which construct is aimed to measure.
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Shu X, Beckmann L, Zhang HF. Visible-light optical coherence tomography: a review. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2017; 22:1-14. [PMID: 29218923 PMCID: PMC5745673 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.12.121707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Visible-light optical coherence tomography (vis-OCT) is an emerging imaging modality, providing new capabilities in both anatomical and functional imaging of biological tissue. It relies on visible light illumination, whereas most commercial and investigational OCTs use near-infrared light. As a result, vis-OCT requires different considerations in engineering design and implementation but brings unique potential benefits to both fundamental research and clinical care of several diseases. Here, we intend to provide a summary of the development of vis-OCT and its demonstrated applications. We also provide perspectives on future technology improvement and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Shu
- Northwestern University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Evanston, Illinois, United States
| | - Lisa Beckmann
- Northwestern University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Evanston, Illinois, United States
| | - Hao F. Zhang
- Northwestern University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Evanston, Illinois, United States
- Northwestern University, Department of Ophthalmology, Chicago, Illinois, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Hao F. Zhang, E-mail:
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7
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Ye H, De S. Thermal injury of skin and subcutaneous tissues: A review of experimental approaches and numerical models. Burns 2017; 43:909-932. [PMID: 27931765 PMCID: PMC5459687 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Thermal injury to skin and subcutaneous tissue is common in both civilian and combat scenarios. Understanding the change in tissue morphologies and properties and the underlying mechanisms of thermal injury are of vital importance to clinical determination of the degree of burn and treatment approach. This review aims at summarizing the research involving experimental and numerical studies of skin and subcutaneous tissue subjected to thermal injury. The review consists of two parts. The first part deals with experimental studies including burn protocols and prevailing imaging approaches. The second part deals with existing numerical models for burns of tissue and related computational simulations. Based on this review, we conclude that though there is literature contributing to the knowledge of the pathology and pathogenesis of tissue burn, there is scant quantitative information regarding changes in tissue properties including mechanical, thermal, electrical and optical properties as a result of burns that are linked to altered tissue morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanglin Ye
- Center for Modeling, Simulation and Imaging in Medicine (CeMSIM), Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Suvranu De
- Center for Modeling, Simulation and Imaging in Medicine (CeMSIM), Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.
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8
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Zhao Y, Eldridge WJ, Maher JR, Kim S, Crose M, Ibrahim M, Levinson H, Wax A. Dual-axis optical coherence tomography for deep tissue imaging. OPTICS LETTERS 2017; 42:2302-2305. [PMID: 28614337 PMCID: PMC5639437 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.002302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We have developed dual-axis optical coherence tomography (DA-OCT) which enables deep tissue imaging by using a novel off-axis illumination/detection configuration. DA-OCT offers a 100-fold speed increase compared with its predecessor, multispectral multiple-scattering low coherence interferometry (ms2/LCI), by using a new beam scanning mechanism based on a microelectro-mechanical system (MEMS) mirror. The data acquisition scheme was altered to take advantage of this scanning speed, producing tomographic images at a rate of 4 frames (B-scans) per second. DA-OCT differs from ms2/LCI in that the dual axes intersect at a shallower depth (∼1 mm). This difference, coupled with the faster scanning speed, shifts the detection priority from multiply scattered to ballistic light. The utility of this approach was demonstrated by imaging both ex vivo porcine ear skin and in vivo rat skin from a McFarlane flap model. The enhanced penetration depth provided by the DA-OCT system will be beneficial to various clinical applications in dermatology and surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
| | - Will J. Eldridge
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
| | - Jason R. Maher
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
| | - Sanghoon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
| | - Michael Crose
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
| | - Mohamed Ibrahim
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708
| | - Howard Levinson
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708
| | - Adam Wax
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
- Corresponding author:
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9
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Zhao Y, Maher JR, Ibrahim MM, Chien JS, Levinson H, Wax A. Deep imaging of absorption and scattering features by multispectral multiple scattering low coherence interferometry. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 7:3916-3926. [PMID: 27867703 PMCID: PMC5102527 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.003916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We have developed frequency domain multispectral multiple scattering low coherence interferometry (ms2/LCI) for deep imaging of absorption and scattering contrast. Using tissue-mimicking phantoms that match the full scattering phase function of human dermal tissue, we demonstrate that ms2/LCI can provide a signal/noise ratio (SNR) improvement of 15.4 dB over conventional OCT at an imaging depth of 1 mm. The enhanced SNR and penetration depth provided by ms2/LCI could be leveraged for a variety of clinical applications including the assessment of burn injuries where current clinical classification of severity only provides limited accuracy. The utility of the approach was demonstrated by imaging a tissue phantom simulating a partial-thickness burn revealing good spectroscopic contrast between healthy and injured tissue regions deep below the sample surface. Finally, healthy rat skin was imaged in vivo with both a commercial OCT instrument and our custom ms2/LCI system. The results demonstrate that ms2/LCI is capable of obtaining spectroscopic information far beyond the penetration depth provided by conventional OCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Jason R. Maher
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Mohamed M. Ibrahim
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Jennifer S. Chien
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Howard Levinson
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Adam Wax
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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10
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Nam HS, Song JW, Jang SJ, Lee JJ, Oh WY, Kim JW, Yoo H. Characterization of lipid-rich plaques using spectroscopic optical coherence tomography. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:75004. [PMID: 27391375 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.7.075004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Intravascular optical coherence tomography (IV-OCT) is a high-resolution imaging method used to visualize the internal structures of walls of coronary arteries in vivo. However, accurate characterization of atherosclerotic plaques with gray-scale IV-OCT images is often limited by various intrinsic artifacts. In this study, we present an algorithm for characterizing lipid-rich plaques with a spectroscopic OCT technique based on a Gaussian center of mass (GCOM) metric. The GCOM metric, which reflects the absorbance properties of lipids, was validated using a lipid phantom. In addition, the proposed characterization method was successfully demonstrated in vivo using an atherosclerotic rabbit model and was found to have a sensitivity and specificity of 94.3% and 76.7% for lipid classification, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong Soo Nam
- Hanyang University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Woo Song
- Korea University Guro Hospital, Cardiovascular Center, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08308 Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Joo Jang
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 291 Gwahang-no, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Joong Lee
- Korea University Guro Hospital, Cardiovascular Center, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08308 Republic of Korea
| | - Wang-Yuhl Oh
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 291 Gwahang-no, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Won Kim
- Korea University Guro Hospital, Cardiovascular Center, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08308 Republic of Korea
| | - Hongki Yoo
- Hanyang University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
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11
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Ida T, Iwazaki H, Kawaguchi Y, Kawauchi S, Ohkura T, Iwaya K, Tsuda H, Saitoh D, Sato S, Iwai T. Burn depth assessments by photoacoustic imaging and laser Doppler imaging. Wound Repair Regen 2015; 24:349-55. [PMID: 26487320 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Diagnosis of burn depths is crucial to determine the treatment plan for severe burn patients. However, an objective method for burn depth assessment has yet to be established, although a commercial laser Doppler imaging (LDI) system is used limitedly. We previously proposed burn depth assessment based on photoacoustic imaging (PAI), in which thermoelastic waves originating from blood under the burned tissue are detected, and we showed the validity of the method by experiments using rat models with three different burn depths: superficial dermal burn, deep dermal burn and deep burn. On the basis of those results, we recently developed a real-time PAI system for clinical burn diagnosis. Before starting a clinical trial, however, there is a need to reveal more detailed diagnostic characteristics, such as linearity and error, of the PAI system as well as to compare its characteristics with those of an LDI system. In this study, we prepared rat models with burns induced at six different temperatures from 70 to 98 °C, which showed a linear dependence of injury depth on the temperature. Using these models, we examined correlations of signals obtained by PAI and LDI with histologically determined injury depths and burn induction temperatures at 48 hours postburn. We found that the burn depths indicated by PAI were highly correlative with histologically determined injury depths (depths of viable vessels) as well as with burn induction temperatures. Perfusion values measured by LDI were less correlative with these parameters, especially for burns induced at higher temperatures, being attributable to the limited detectable depth for light involving a Doppler shift in tissue. In addition, the measurement errors in PAI were smaller than those in LDI. On the basis of these results, we will be able to start clinical studies using the present PAI system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiichiro Ida
- New Concept Product Initiative, Advantest Corporation
| | | | | | - Satoko Kawauchi
- Division of Biomedical Information Sciences, National Defense Medical College Research Institute
| | - Tsuyako Ohkura
- Division of Biomedical Information Sciences, National Defense Medical College Research Institute
| | - Keiichi Iwaya
- Department of Basic Pathology, National Defense Medical College Research Institute
| | - Hitoshi Tsuda
- Department of Basic Pathology, National Defense Medical College Research Institute
| | - Daizoh Saitoh
- Division of Basic Traumatology, National Defense Medical College Research Institute
| | - Shunichi Sato
- Division of Biomedical Information Sciences, National Defense Medical College Research Institute
| | - Toshiaki Iwai
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Saitama, Japan
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12
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Zhao Y, Maher JR, Kim J, Selim MA, Levinson H, Wax A. Evaluation of burn severity in vivo in a mouse model using spectroscopic optical coherence tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:3339-45. [PMID: 26417505 PMCID: PMC4574661 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.003339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Clinical management of burn injuries depends upon an accurate assessment of the depth of the wound. Current diagnostic methods rely primarily on subjective visual inspection, which can produce variable results. In this study, spectroscopic optical coherence tomography was used to objectively evaluate burn injuries in vivo in a mouse model. Significant spectral differences were observed and correlated with the depth of the injury as determined by histopathology. The relevance of these results to clinical burn management in human tissues is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jason R. Maher
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jina Kim
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | | | - Howard Levinson
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Adam Wax
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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13
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Maher JR, Chuchuen O, Henderson MH, Kim S, Rinehart MT, Kashuba ADM, Wax A, Katz DF. Co-localized confocal Raman spectroscopy and optical coherence tomography (CRS-OCT) for depth-resolved analyte detection in tissue. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:2022-35. [PMID: 26114026 PMCID: PMC4473741 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.002022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We report the development of a combined confocal Raman spectroscopy (CRS) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) instrument (CRS-OCT) capable of measuring analytes in targeted biological tissues with sub-100-micron spatial resolution. The OCT subsystem was used to measure depth-resolved tissue morphology and guide the acquisition of chemically-specific Raman spectra. To demonstrate its utility, the instrument was used to accurately measure depth-resolved, physiologically-relevant concentrations of Tenofovir, a microbicide drug used to prevent the sexual transmission of HIV, in ex vivo tissue samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R. Maher
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Oranat Chuchuen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Marcus H. Henderson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Sanghoon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Matthew T. Rinehart
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Angela D. M. Kashuba
- University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy and University of North Carolina Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Adam Wax
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - David F. Katz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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14
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Kim J, Brown W, Maher JR, Levinson H, Wax A. Functional optical coherence tomography: principles and progress. Phys Med Biol 2015; 60:R211-37. [PMID: 25951836 PMCID: PMC4448140 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/60/10/r211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, several functional extensions of optical coherence tomography (OCT) have emerged, and this review highlights key advances in instrumentation, theoretical analysis, signal processing and clinical application of these extensions. We review five principal extensions: Doppler OCT (DOCT), polarization-sensitive OCT (PS-OCT), optical coherence elastography (OCE), spectroscopic OCT (SOCT), and molecular imaging OCT. The former three have been further developed with studies in both ex vivo and in vivo human tissues. This review emphasizes the newer techniques of SOCT and molecular imaging OCT, which show excellent potential for clinical application but have yet to be well reviewed in the literature. SOCT elucidates tissue characteristics, such as oxygenation and carcinogenesis, by detecting wavelength-dependent absorption and scattering of light in tissues. While SOCT measures endogenous biochemical distributions, molecular imaging OCT detects exogenous molecular contrast agents. These newer advances in functional OCT broaden the potential clinical application of OCT by providing novel ways to understand tissue activity that cannot be accomplished by other current imaging methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jina Kim
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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15
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Yu L, Kang J, Jinata C, Wang X, Wei X, Chan KT, Lee NP, Wong KKY. Tri-band spectroscopic optical coherence tomography based on optical parametric amplification for lipid and vessel visualization. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2015; 20:126006. [PMID: 26677071 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.20.12.126006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A tri-band spectroscopic optical coherence tomography (SOCT) system has been implemented for visualization of lipid and blood vessel distribution. The tri-band swept source, which covers output spectrum in 1.3, 1.5, and 1.6 μm wavelength windows, is based on a dual-band Fourier domain mode-locked laser and a fiber optical parametric amplifier. This tri-band SOCT can further differentiate materials, e.g., lipid and artery, qualitatively by contrasting attenuation coefficients difference within any two of these bands. Furthermore, ex vivo imaging of both porcine artery with artificial lipid plaque phantom and mice with coronary artery disease were demonstrated to showcase the capability of our SOCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luoqin Yu
- The University of Hong Kong, Photonic Systems Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiqiang Kang
- The University of Hong Kong, Photonic Systems Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chandra Jinata
- The University of Hong Kong, Photonic Systems Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xie Wang
- The University of Hong Kong, Photonic Systems Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoming Wei
- The University of Hong Kong, Photonic Systems Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kin Tak Chan
- The University of Hong Kong, Department of Surgery, Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nikki P Lee
- The University of Hong Kong, Department of Surgery, Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kenneth K Y Wong
- The University of Hong Kong, Photonic Systems Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
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