1
|
Gibson T, Bedrossian M, Serabyn E, Lindensmith C, Nadeau JL. Using the Gouy phase anomaly to localize and track bacteria in digital holographic microscopy 4D images. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2021; 38:A11-A18. [PMID: 33690523 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.404004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Described over 100 years ago, the Gouy phase anomaly refers to the additional π phase shift that is accumulated as a wave passes through focus. It is potentially useful in analyzing any type of phase-sensitive imaging; in light microscopy, digital holographic microscopy (DHM) provides phase information in the encoded hologram. One limitation of DHM is the weak contrast generated by many biological cells, especially unpigmented bacteria. We demonstrate here that the Gouy phase anomaly may be detected directly in the phase image using the z-derivative of the phase, allowing for precise localization of unlabeled, micrometer-sized bacteria. The use of dyes that increase phase contrast does not improve detectability. This approach is less computationally intensive than other procedures such as deconvolution and is relatively insensitive to reconstruction parameters. The software is implemented in an open-source FIJI plug-in.
Collapse
|
2
|
Farhadi A, Bedrossian M, Lee J, Ho GH, Shapiro MG, Nadeau JL. Genetically Encoded Phase Contrast Agents for Digital Holographic Microscopy. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:8127-8134. [PMID: 33118828 DOI: 10.1101/833830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative phase imaging and digital holographic microscopy have shown great promise for visualizing the motion, structure, and physiology of microorganisms and mammalian cells in three dimensions. However, these imaging techniques currently lack molecular contrast agents analogous to the fluorescent dyes and proteins that have revolutionized fluorescence microscopy. Here we introduce the first genetically encodable phase contrast agents based on gas vesicles. The relatively low index of refraction of the air-filled core of gas vesicles results in optical phase advancement relative to aqueous media, making them a "positive" phase contrast agent easily distinguished from organelles, dyes, or microminerals. We demonstrate this capability by identifying and tracking the motion of gas vesicles and gas vesicle-expressing bacteria using digital holographic microscopy, and by imaging the uptake of engineered gas vesicles by mammalian cells. These results give phase imaging a biomolecular contrast agent, expanding the capabilities of this powerful technology for three-dimensional biological imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arash Farhadi
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Manuel Bedrossian
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Justin Lee
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Gabrielle H Ho
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Mikhail G Shapiro
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jay L Nadeau
- Department of Physics, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97207, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Farhadi A, Bedrossian M, Lee J, Ho GH, Shapiro MG, Nadeau JL. Genetically Encoded Phase Contrast Agents for Digital Holographic Microscopy. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:8127-8134. [PMID: 33118828 PMCID: PMC7685204 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative phase imaging and digital holographic microscopy have shown great promise for visualizing the motion, structure, and physiology of microorganisms and mammalian cells in three dimensions. However, these imaging techniques currently lack molecular contrast agents analogous to the fluorescent dyes and proteins that have revolutionized fluorescence microscopy. Here we introduce the first genetically encodable phase contrast agents based on gas vesicles. The relatively low index of refraction of the air-filled core of gas vesicles results in optical phase advancement relative to aqueous media, making them a "positive" phase contrast agent easily distinguished from organelles, dyes, or microminerals. We demonstrate this capability by identifying and tracking the motion of gas vesicles and gas vesicle-expressing bacteria using digital holographic microscopy, and by imaging the uptake of engineered gas vesicles by mammalian cells. These results give phase imaging a biomolecular contrast agent, expanding the capabilities of this powerful technology for three-dimensional biological imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arash Farhadi
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Manuel Bedrossian
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Justin Lee
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Gabrielle H Ho
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Mikhail G Shapiro
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jay L Nadeau
- Department of Physics, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97207, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang Z, Bianco V, Cui Y, Paturzo M, Ferraro P. Long-term holographic phase-contrast time lapse reveals cytoplasmic circulation in dehydrating plant cells. APPLIED OPTICS 2019; 58:7416-7423. [PMID: 31674390 DOI: 10.1364/ao.58.007416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The intracellular dynamics of onion epidermal cells during the dehydration process is observed by holographic microscopy. Both the nucleus and cytoplasm are accurately revealed by quantitative phase imaging while dehydration takes place. Indeed, we notice that the contrast of phase images increases with the decrease in cellular water content. We foresee that such a dehydrating process can be effective for improving phase contrast, thus permitting better imaging of plant cells with the scope of learning more about cellular dynamics and related phenomena. Exploiting this concept, we observe intracellular cytoplasmic circulation and transport of biological material.
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang A, Chan Miller C, Szostak JW. Core-Shell Modeling of Light Scattering by Vesicles: Effect of Size, Contents, and Lamellarity. Biophys J 2019; 116:659-669. [PMID: 30686489 PMCID: PMC6382849 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Having a fast, reliable method for characterizing vesicles is vital for their use as model cell membranes in biophysics, synthetic biology, and origins of life studies. Instead of the traditionally used Rayleigh-Gans-Debye approximation, we use an exact extended Lorenz-Mie solution for how core-shell particles scatter light to model vesicle turbidity. This approach enables accurate interpretations of simple turbidimetric measurements and is able to accurately model highly scattering vesicles, such as larger vesicles, those with multiple layers, and those with encapsulated material. We uncover several surprising features, including that vesicle lamellarity has a larger effect on sample turbidity than vesicle size and that the technique can be used to measure the membrane thickness of vesicles. We also examine potential misinterpretations of turbidimetry and discuss when measurements are limited by forward and multiple scattering and by the geometry of the instrument.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Christopher Chan Miller
- Atomic and Molecular Physics Division, Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jack W Szostak
- Department of Molecular Biology and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang A, Garmann RF, Manoharan VN. Tracking E. coli runs and tumbles with scattering solutions and digital holographic microscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:23719-23725. [PMID: 27828208 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.023719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We use in-line digital holographic microscopy to image freely swimming E. coli. We show that fitting a light scattering model to E. coli holograms can yield quantitative information about the bacterium's body rotation and tumbles, offering a precise way to track fine details of bacterial motility. We are able to extract the cell's three-dimensional (3D) position and orientation and recover behavior such as body angle rotation during runs, tumbles, and pole reversal. Our technique is label-free and capable of frame rates limited only by the camera.
Collapse
|
7
|
Nadeau JL, Cho YB, Kühn J, Liewer K. Improved Tracking and Resolution of Bacteria in Holographic Microscopy Using Dye and Fluorescent Protein Labeling. Front Chem 2016; 4:17. [PMID: 27242995 PMCID: PMC4874365 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2016.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Digital holographic microscopy (DHM) is an emerging imaging technique that permits instantaneous capture of a relatively large sample volume. However, large volumes usually come at the expense of lower spatial resolution, and the technique has rarely been used with prokaryotic cells due to their small size and low contrast. In this paper we demonstrate the use of a Mach-Zehnder dual-beam instrument for imaging of labeled and unlabeled bacteria and microalgae. Spatial resolution of 0.3 μm is achieved, providing a sampling of several pixels across a typical prokaryotic cell. Both cellular motility and morphology are readily recorded. The use of dyes provides both amplitude and phase contrast improvement and is of use to identify cells in dense samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jay L Nadeau
- Graduate Aerospace Laboratories, California Institute of TechnologyPasadena, CA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill UniversityMontreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yong Bin Cho
- Graduate Aerospace Laboratories, California Institute of TechnologyPasadena, CA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill UniversityMontreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jonas Kühn
- Graduate Aerospace Laboratories, California Institute of TechnologyPasadena, CA, USA; Institute for Astronomy, ETH ZürichZürich, Switzerland
| | - Kurt Liewer
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology Pasadena, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|