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López-Ripa M, Sola ÍJ, Alonso B. Generalizing amplitude swing modulation for versatile ultrashort pulse measurement. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:34428-34442. [PMID: 37859199 DOI: 10.1364/oe.500271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
In this work we broaden the amplitude modulation concept applied to the temporal characterization of ultrashort laser pulses with the amplitude swing technique. We theoretically study the effect of diverse types of relative amplitude and phase modulations. This variation of the replicas can be implemented by means of rotating zero-order waveplates to manipulate the delayed pulse replicas produced in a following multi-order waveplate, which can be more practical under certain conditions. We numerically simulate and study different scenarios under different modulations and for different noise levels and pulses. The proposed schemes are validated and compared through the experimental application to compressed and chirped pulses, confirming the applicability of the work. The simplicity, robustness and versatility of this ultrashort pulse measurement benefits the applications of ultrafast optics.
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Leshchenko VE, Kessel A, Jahn O, Krüger M, Münzer A, Trushin SA, Veisz L, Major Z, Karsch S. On-target temporal characterization of optical pulses at relativistic intensity. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2019; 8:96. [PMID: 31666950 PMCID: PMC6813334 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-019-0207-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
High-field experiments are very sensitive to the exact value of the peak intensity of an optical pulse due to the nonlinearity of the underlying processes. Therefore, precise knowledge of the pulse intensity, which is mainly limited by the accuracy of the temporal characterization, is a key prerequisite for the correct interpretation of experimental data. While the detection of energy and spatial profile is well established, the unambiguous temporal characterization of intense optical pulses, another important parameter required for intensity evaluation, remains a challenge, especially at relativistic intensities and a few-cycle pulse duration. Here, we report on the progress in the temporal characterization of intense laser pulses and present the relativistic surface second harmonic generation dispersion scan (RSSHG-D-scan)-a new approach allowing direct on-target temporal characterization of high-energy, few-cycle optical pulses at relativistic intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vyacheslav E. Leshchenko
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Department für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Present Address: Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Alexander Kessel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Department für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Olga Jahn
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Department für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Mathias Krüger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Department für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Andreas Münzer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Department für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Sergei A. Trushin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Department für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Laszlo Veisz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Department of Physics, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-901 87 Sweden
| | - Zsuzsanna Major
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Department für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Karsch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Department für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
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Shi L, Andrade JRC, Tajalli A, Geng J, Yi J, Heidenblut T, Segerink FB, Babushkin I, Kholodtsova M, Merdji H, Bastiaens B, Morgner U, Kovacev M. Generating Ultrabroadband Deep-UV Radiation and Sub-10 nm Gap by Hybrid-Morphology Gold Antennas. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:4779-4786. [PMID: 31244236 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally investigate the interaction between hybrid-morphology gold optical antennas and a few-cycle Ti:sapphire laser up to ablative intensities, demonstrating rich nonlinear plasmonic effects and promising applications in coherent frequency upconversion and nanofabrication technology. The two-dimensional array of hybrid antennas consists of elliptical apertures combined with bowties in its minor axis. The plasmonic resonance frequency of the bowties is red-shifted with respect to the laser central frequency and thus mainly enhances the third harmonic spectrum at long wavelengths. The gold film between two neighboring elliptical apertures forms an hourglass-shaped structure, which acts as a "plasmonic lens" and thus strongly reinforces surface currents into a small area. This enhanced surface current produces a rotating magnetic field that deeply penetrates into the substrate. At resonant frequency, the magnetic field is further intensified by the bowties. The resonant frequency of the hourglass is blueshifted with respect to the laser central frequency. Consequently, it spectacularly extends the third harmonic spectrum toward short wavelengths. The resultant third harmonic signal ranges from 230 to 300 nm, much broader than the emission from a sapphire crystal. In addition, the concentration of surface current within the neck of the hourglass antenna results in a structural modification through laser ablation, producing sub-10 nm sharp metallic gaps. Moreover, after laser illumination the optical field hotspots are imprinted around the antennas, allowing us to confirm the subwavelength enhancement of the electric near-field intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Shi
- Institute of Quantum Optics , Leibniz University Hannover , Welfengarten 1 , 30167 , Hannover , Germany
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics, and Engineering-Innovation Across Disciplines) , 30167 , Hannover , Germany
| | - José R C Andrade
- Institute of Quantum Optics , Leibniz University Hannover , Welfengarten 1 , 30167 , Hannover , Germany
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics, and Engineering-Innovation Across Disciplines) , 30167 , Hannover , Germany
| | - Ayhan Tajalli
- Institute of Quantum Optics , Leibniz University Hannover , Welfengarten 1 , 30167 , Hannover , Germany
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics, and Engineering-Innovation Across Disciplines) , 30167 , Hannover , Germany
| | - Jiao Geng
- Institute of Quantum Optics , Leibniz University Hannover , Welfengarten 1 , 30167 , Hannover , Germany
| | - Juemin Yi
- Institute of Physics and Center of Interface Science , Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg , 26129 , Oldenburg , Germany
| | - Torsten Heidenblut
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics, and Engineering-Innovation Across Disciplines) , 30167 , Hannover , Germany
- Institute of Materials Science , Leibniz University Hannover , An der University 2 , 30823 , Garbsen, Hannover Germany
| | - Frans B Segerink
- Optical Sciences, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology , University of Twente , P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede , The Netherlands
| | - Ihar Babushkin
- Institute of Quantum Optics , Leibniz University Hannover , Welfengarten 1 , 30167 , Hannover , Germany
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics, and Engineering-Innovation Across Disciplines) , 30167 , Hannover , Germany
| | - Maria Kholodtsova
- LIDYL, CEA, CNRS , Universite Paris-Saclay , CEA Saclay 91191 , Gif-sur-Yvette , France
| | - Hamed Merdji
- LIDYL, CEA, CNRS , Universite Paris-Saclay , CEA Saclay 91191 , Gif-sur-Yvette , France
| | - Bert Bastiaens
- Laser Physics and Nonlinear Optics, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology , University of Twente , 7500AE Enschede , The Netherlands
| | - Uwe Morgner
- Institute of Quantum Optics , Leibniz University Hannover , Welfengarten 1 , 30167 , Hannover , Germany
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics, and Engineering-Innovation Across Disciplines) , 30167 , Hannover , Germany
| | - Milutin Kovacev
- Institute of Quantum Optics , Leibniz University Hannover , Welfengarten 1 , 30167 , Hannover , Germany
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics, and Engineering-Innovation Across Disciplines) , 30167 , Hannover , Germany
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Tajalli A, Kalousdian TK, Kretschmar M, Kleinert S, Morgner U, Nagy T. Full characterization of 8 fs deep UV pulses via a dispersion scan. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:2498-2501. [PMID: 31090716 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.002498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report on, to the best of our knowledge, the first characterization of deep ultraviolet (UV) pulses by the dispersion scan (d-scan) technique. Negatively chirped 8 fs deep UV pulses are generated via the phase transfer of shaped few-cycle near-infrared pulses in a sum frequency generation process with narrowband second harmonic. The pulses are characterized by a d-scan technique incorporating a cross-polarized wave (XPW) generation nonlinearity. Being a single-beam degenerate four-wave mixing process, XPW does not acquire frequency conversion and, thus, is ideally suited for characterizing pulses in the UV, where the material dispersion severely limits phase matching. The characterization method is benchmarked by measuring the dispersion effect of a known fused silica plate on the pulses.
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Kleinert S, Tajalli A, Nagy T, Morgner U. Rapid phase retrieval of ultrashort pulses from dispersion scan traces using deep neural networks. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:979-982. [PMID: 30768040 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.000979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The knowledge of the temporal shape of femtosecond pulses is of major interest for all their applications. The reconstruction of the temporal shape of these pulses is an inverse problem for characterization techniques, which benefit from an inherent redundancy in the measurement. Conventionally, time-consuming optimization algorithms are used to solve the inverse problems. Here, we demonstrate the reconstruction of ultrashort pulses from dispersion scan traces employing a deep neural network. The network is trained with a multitude of artificial and noisy dispersion scan traces from randomly shaped pulses. The retrieval takes only 16 ms enabling video-rate reconstructions. This approach reveals a great tolerance against noisy conditions, delivering reliable retrievals from traces with signal-to-noise ratios down to 5.
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Canhota M, Weigand R, Crespo HM. Simultaneous measurement of two ultrashort near-ultraviolet pulses produced by a multiplate continuum using dual self-diffraction dispersion-scan. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:1015-1018. [PMID: 30768037 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.001015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present a new method based on self-diffraction dispersion-scan (SD d-scan) that enables the simultaneous measurement of two distinct ultrashort laser pulses in a region where they spatially and temporally overlap. This situation can arise when sampling and focusing two different spatial portions of a single inhomogeneous beam onto a medium. We demonstrate this new dual SD d-scan method by simultaneously characterizing two intense broadband ultraviolet pulses at 400 nm, with durations in the 10 fs range, originating from two different spatial portions of a beam produced by a multiplate continuum (MPC).
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Universal route to optimal few- to single-cycle pulse generation in hollow-core fiber compressors. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2256. [PMID: 29396420 PMCID: PMC5797182 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20580-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Gas-filled hollow-core fiber (HCF) pulse post-compressors generating few- to single-cycle pulses are a key enabling tool for attosecond science and ultrafast spectroscopy. Achieving optimum performance in this regime can be extremely challenging due to the ultra-broad bandwidth of the pulses and the need of an adequate temporal diagnostic. These difficulties have hindered the full exploitation of HCF post-compressors, namely the generation of stable and high-quality near-Fourier-transform-limited pulses. Here we show that, independently of conditions such as the type of gas or the laser system used, there is a universal route to obtain the shortest stable output pulse down to the single-cycle regime. Numerical simulations and experimental measurements performed with the dispersion-scan technique reveal that, in quite general conditions, post-compressed pulses exhibit a residual third-order dispersion intrinsic to optimum nonlinear propagation within the fiber, in agreement with measurements independently performed in several laboratories around the world. The understanding of this effect and its adequate correction, e.g. using simple transparent optical media, enables achieving high-quality post-compressed pulses with only minor changes in existing setups. These optimized sources have impact in many fields of science and technology and should enable new and exciting applications in the few- to single-cycle pulse regime.
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Silva F, Alonso B, Holgado W, Romero R, Román JS, Jarque EC, Koop H, Pervak V, Crespo H, Sola ÍJ. Strategies for achieving intense single-cycle pulses with in-line post-compression setups. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:337-340. [PMID: 29328280 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.000337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Intense few- and single-cycle pulses are powerful tools in different fields of science Today, third- and higher-order terms in the remnant spectral phase of the pulses remain a major obstacle for obtaining high-quality few- and single-cycle pulses from in-line post-compression setups. In this Letter, we show how input pulse shaping can successfully be applied to standard post-compression setups to minimize the occurrence of high-order phase components during nonlinear propagation and to directly obtain pulses with durations down to 3 fs. Furthermore, by combining this pulse shaping of the input pulse with new-generation broadband chirped mirrors and material addition for remnant third-order phase correction, pulses down to 2.2 fs duration have been measured.
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Louisy M, Guo C, Neoričić L, Zhong S, L'Huillier A, Arnold CL, Miranda M. Compact single-shot d-scan setup for the characterization of few-cycle laser pulses. APPLIED OPTICS 2017; 56:9084-9089. [PMID: 29131195 DOI: 10.1364/ao.56.009084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We present a compact implementation of the ultrashort pulse measurement technique based on dispersion scans (d-scan), allowing single-shot measurement of few-cycle pulses. The main novelty in our design, making our setup extremely compact and simple, is the use, after a prism, of a spherical mirror in an off-axis geometry. The intentionally introduced strong astigmatism makes it possible to image the output of the crystal in one direction while focusing it in the other direction, resulting in the output face of the prism being imaged into a line in the second-harmonic crystal. The technique is validated by comparing measured dispersion scans, retrieved spectral phases and temporal profiles of this single-shot system with standard d-scan results.
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Canhota M, Silva F, Weigand R, Crespo HM. Inline self-diffraction dispersion-scan of over octave-spanning pulses in the single-cycle regime. OPTICS LETTERS 2017; 42:3048-3051. [PMID: 28957242 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.003048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We present an implementation of dispersion-scan based on self-diffraction (SD d-scan) and apply it to the measurement of over octave-spanning sub-4-fs pulses. The results are compared with second-harmonic generation (SHG) d-scan. The efficiency of the SD process is derived theoretically and compared with the spectral response retrieved by the d-scan algorithm. The new SD d-scan has a robust inline setup and enables measuring pulses with over-octave spectra, single-cycle durations, and wavelength ranges beyond those of SHG crystals, such as the ultraviolet and the deep-ultraviolet.
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