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Li J, Wang L, Chen Y, Li Y, Zhu H, Li L, Tong L. Interfacial Charge Transfer and Ultrafast Photonics Application of 2D Graphene/InSe Heterostructure. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:147. [PMID: 36616059 PMCID: PMC9824543 DOI: 10.3390/nano13010147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Interface interactions in 2D vertically stacked heterostructures play an important role in optoelectronic applications, and photodetectors based on graphene/InSe heterostructures show promising performance nowadays. However, nonlinear optical property studies based on the graphene/InSe heterostructure are insufficient. Here, we fabricated a graphene/InSe heterostructure by mechanical exfoliation and investigated the optically induced charge transfer between graphene/InSe heterostructures by taking photoluminescence and pump-probe measurements. The large built-in electric field at the interface was confirmed by Kelvin probe force microscopy. Furthermore, due to the efficient interfacial carrier transfer driven by the built-in electric potential (~286 meV) and broadband nonlinear absorption, the application of the graphene/InSe heterostructure in a mode-locked laser was realized. Our work not only provides a deeper understanding of the dipole orientation-related interface interactions on the photoexcited charge transfer of graphene/InSe heterostructures, but also enriches the saturable absorber family for ultrafast photonics application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Lizhen Wang
- Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yuzhong Chen
- Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yujie Li
- Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Haiming Zhu
- Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Linjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Intelligent Optics & Photonics Research Center, Jiaxing Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314000, China
| | - Limin Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Intelligent Optics & Photonics Research Center, Jiaxing Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314000, China
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Li S, Zheng H, Wu B, Ding J, He J, Liu Z, Liu Y. Layer-dependent excitonic valley polarization properties in MoS 2-WS 2 heterostructures. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:5861-5864. [PMID: 37219121 DOI: 10.1364/ol.474799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we investigate the polarization of the excitonics valley in MoS2-WS2 heterostructures using circular polarization-resolved photoluminescence. The valley polarization is the largest (≈28.45%) in the 1L-1L MoS2-WS2 heterostructure and the polarizability of AWS2 decreases as the number of WS2 layers increases. We further observed a redshift of exciton XMoS2- in MoS2-WS2 heterostructures with the increase of WS2 layers, which is attributed to the displacement of the MoS2 band edge, indicating the layer-sensitive optical properties of the MoS2-WS2 heterostructure. Our findings shed light on the understanding of exciton behavior in multilayer MoS2-WS2 heterostructures that may promote their potential applications in optoelectronic devices.
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Liu X, Xu N, Shang X, Zhao L, Dong X, Liu C, Zhang H, Li D. Third-order harmonic mode-locked and Q-switched Er-doped fiber laser based on a Cr 2Ge 2Te 6 saturable absorber. APPLIED OPTICS 2022; 61:3884-3892. [PMID: 36256433 DOI: 10.1364/ao.457465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the generation of fundamental solitons and third-order solitons in an erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) by a Cr2Ge2Te6-polyvinyl alcohol (CGT-PVA) saturable absorber (SA). Stable fundamental solitons at 1559.09 nm at a repetition frequency of 5.1 MHz were detected, and third-order solitons with a maximum output power of 6.807 mW and narrowest monopulse duration of 615.2 fs were obtained under a repetition frequency of 15.3 MHz by changing pump power. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time to achieve a Q-switched pulse with a minimum pulse duration of 2.2 µs and maximum single pulse energy of 12.11 nJ in EDFL based on CGT-PVA SA after reducing the cavity length. Its repetition rate monotonically increased from 18.8 kHz to 61.8 kHz with a tuning range of about 43 kHz. The experimental results sufficiently demonstrate that CGT has enormous potential as an ultrafast photonics device.
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Graf F, Scelle R, Diekamp H, Budnicki A, Dekorsy T. Femtosecond fiber oscillator based on a 3×3-coupler-NALM: numerical model and realizations at 1 and 2 µm. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:12555-12564. [PMID: 35472889 DOI: 10.1364/oe.446457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we present robust passively mode-locked femtosecond lasers operating at 1030 and approximately 2000 nm, respectively. The all-fiber, all-polarization-maintaining (PM) lasers are mode-locked by a nonlinear amplifying loop mirror (NALM) which is attached to the cavity by a 3×3-coupler. The NALM is phase-biased by the coupler, enabling turn-key operation of the oscillator. Femtosecond pulse generation is demonstrated using Ytterbium and Thulium doped active fibers. Depending on the wavelength and the installed dispersive elements, pulse formation can be aided by a range of attractors including self-similar pulse evolution, soliton, or dispersion-managed soliton formation.
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Zhu R, Qi Y, Meng J. Novel nanomaterials based saturable absorbers for passive mode locked fiber laser at 1.5 μm. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:182002. [PMID: 35051916 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac4d59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Compared with continuous wave lasers, ultrafast lasers have the advantages of ultra-short pulse width and ultra-high peak power, and have significant applications in optical communications, medical diagnostics, and precision machining. Saturable absorber (SA) technology is the most effective technique for the generation of ultra-fast lasers, which are based on artificial SAs and natural SAs. Among them, the semiconductor saturable absorber mirror has become the most commonly used form at present. Recently, basic research and application of nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene have been developed rapidly. Researchers have found that nanomaterials exhibit extraordinary characteristics in ultrafast photonics, such as the low saturation intensity of CNTs, zero-band gap of graphene, and extremely high modulation depth of the topological insulator nano-films. Since graphene was first reported as an SA in 2009, many other nanomaterials have been successively explored, resulting in the rapid development of novel nanomaterial-based SAs. In this paper, we classified the nanomaterials used in SA mode-locking technology at 1.5μm and reviewed their research progress with a particular focus on nonlinear optical properties, integration strategies, and applications in the field of ultrafast photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhu
- Center for Advanced Laser Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Technology and Equipment, Tianjin 300401, People's Republic of China
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401,People's Republic of China
| | - Yaoyao Qi
- Center for Advanced Laser Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Technology and Equipment, Tianjin 300401, People's Republic of China
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401,People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfei Meng
- Center for Advanced Laser Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Technology and Equipment, Tianjin 300401, People's Republic of China
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401,People's Republic of China
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Ahmad H, Azri MFM, Ramli R, Samion MZ, Yusoff N, Lim KS. 2 μm passively mode-locked thulium-doped fiber lasers with Ta 2AlC-deposited tapered and side-polished fibers. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21278. [PMID: 34711908 PMCID: PMC8553755 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99928-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, mode-locked thulium-doped fiber lasers operating in the 2 µm wavelength region were demonstrated using tantalum aluminum carbide (Ta2AlC)-based saturable absorbers (SAs) utilizing the evanescent wave interaction. The Ta2AlC MAX Phase was prepared by dissolving the Ta2AlC powder in isopropyl alcohol and then deposited onto three different evanescent field-based devices, which were the tapered fiber, side-polished fiber, and arc-shaped fiber. Flame-brushing and wheel-polishing techniques were used to fabricate the tapered and arc-shaped fibers, respectively, while the side-polished fiber was purchased commercially. All three SA devices generated stable mode-locked pulses at center wavelengths of 1937, 1931, and 1929 nm for the tapered, side-polished, and arc-shaped fibers. The frequency of the mode-locked pulses was 10.73 MHz for the tapered fiber, 9.58 MHz for the side-polished fiber, and 10.16 MHz for the arc-shaped fiber. The measured pulse widths were 1.678, 1.734, and 1.817 ps for each of the three SA devices. The long-term stability of the mode-locked lasers was tested for each configuration over a 2-h duration. The lasers also showed little to no fluctuations in the center wavelengths and the peak optical intensities, demonstrating a reliable, ultrafast laser system.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ahmad
- Photonics Research Centre, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - M F M Azri
- Photonics Research Centre, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - R Ramli
- Photonics Research Centre, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M Z Samion
- Photonics Research Centre, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - N Yusoff
- Photonics Research Centre, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - K S Lim
- Photonics Research Centre, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Wang F, Lan D, Zhang X, Cheng T. TiN nanoparticles deposited onto a D-shaped fiber as an optical modulator for ultrafast photonics and temperature sensing. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:16608-16614. [PMID: 34585699 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr04361g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Titanium nitride (TiN) with outstanding physical and chemical properties has earned considerable attention. However, few studies have been conducted on the ability of TiN in the ultrafast photonics field. In this study, ultrafast fiber lasers operating at 1.5 and 2 μm were realized using TiN nanoparticles (NPs) deposited onto a D-shaped fiber (DF) as the optical modulator. TiN NPs were synthesized via a reduction-nitridation route. As the TiN-DF saturable absorber (SA) was integrated into the erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) and thulium-doped fiber laser (TDFL) cavities, femtosecond pulses of 1532 nm and 1960 nm were obtained with high performance. To the best of our knowledge, the mode-locked fiber laser operating around 1530 nm was realized for the first time. Interestingly, TiN-DF SA in the TDFL could be used as a temperature sensitive device, and a novel temperature sensor was proposed with the sensitivity of 88 pm °C-1. Our results verified that TiN-DF modulators are excellent nonlinear optical devices for ultrafast photonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries, the College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China.
| | - Dongfang Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries, the College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China.
| | - Xuenan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries, the College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China.
| | - Tonglei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries, the College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
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Zhang Y, Ma C, Xie J, Ågren H, Zhang H. Black Phosphorus/Polymers: Status and Challenges. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2100113. [PMID: 34323318 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202100113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As a newly emerged mono-elemental nanomaterial, black phosphorus (BP) has been widely investigated for its fascinating physical properties, including layer-dependent tunable band gap (0.3-1.5 eV), high ON/OFF ratio (104 ), high carrier mobility (103 cm2 V-1 s-1 ), excellent mechanical resistance, as well as special in-plane anisotropic optical, thermal, and vibrational characteristics. However, the instability caused by chemical degradation of its surface has posed a severe challenge for its further applications. A focused BP/polymer strategy has more recently been developed and implemented to hurdle this issue, so at present BP/polymers have been developed that exhibit enhanced stability, as well as outstanding optical, thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties. This has promoted researchers to further explore the potential applications of black phosphorous. In this review, the preparation processes and the key properties of BP/polymers are reviewed, followed by a detailed account of their diversified applications, including areas like optoelectronics, bio-medicine, and energy storage. Finally, in accordance with the current progress, the prospective challenges and future directions are highlighted and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Chunyang Ma
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Jianlei Xie
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Hans Ågren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, Uppsala, SE-751 20, Sweden
| | - Han Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
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Zhang A, Wang Z, Ouyang H, Lyu W, Sun J, Cheng Y, Fu B. Recent Progress of Two-Dimensional Materials for Ultrafast Photonics. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11071778. [PMID: 34361163 PMCID: PMC8308201 DOI: 10.3390/nano11071778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Owing to their extraordinary physical and chemical properties, two-dimensional (2D) materials have aroused extensive attention and have been widely used in photonic and optoelectronic devices, catalytic reactions, and biomedicine. In particular, 2D materials possess a unique bandgap structure and nonlinear optical properties, which can be used as saturable absorbers in ultrafast lasers. Here, we mainly review the top-down and bottom-up methods for preparing 2D materials, such as graphene, topological insulators, transition metal dichalcogenides, black phosphorus, and MXenes. Then, we focus on the ultrafast applications of 2D materials at the typical operating wavelengths of 1, 1.5, 2, and 3 μm. The key parameters and output performance of ultrafast pulsed lasers based on 2D materials are discussed. Furthermore, an outlook regarding the fabrication methods and the development of 2D materials in ultrafast photonics is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aojie Zhang
- BUAA-CCMU Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (A.Z.); (Z.W.); (H.O.); (W.L.); (J.S.); (Y.C.)
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zihao Wang
- BUAA-CCMU Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (A.Z.); (Z.W.); (H.O.); (W.L.); (J.S.); (Y.C.)
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hao Ouyang
- BUAA-CCMU Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (A.Z.); (Z.W.); (H.O.); (W.L.); (J.S.); (Y.C.)
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wenhao Lyu
- BUAA-CCMU Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (A.Z.); (Z.W.); (H.O.); (W.L.); (J.S.); (Y.C.)
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jingxuan Sun
- BUAA-CCMU Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (A.Z.); (Z.W.); (H.O.); (W.L.); (J.S.); (Y.C.)
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- BUAA-CCMU Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (A.Z.); (Z.W.); (H.O.); (W.L.); (J.S.); (Y.C.)
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bo Fu
- BUAA-CCMU Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (A.Z.); (Z.W.); (H.O.); (W.L.); (J.S.); (Y.C.)
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Interdisciplinary Innovation Institute of Medicine and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Correspondence:
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Debnath PC, Yeom DI. Ultrafast Fiber Lasers with Low-Dimensional Saturable Absorbers: Status and Prospects. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21113676. [PMID: 34070539 PMCID: PMC8198619 DOI: 10.3390/s21113676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Wide-spectral saturable absorption (SA) in low-dimensional (LD) nanomaterials such as zero-, one-, and two-dimensional materials has been proven experimentally with outstanding results, including low saturation intensity, deep modulation depth, and fast carrier recovery time. LD nanomaterials can therefore be used as SAs for mode-locking or Q-switching to generate ultrafast fiber laser pulses with a high repetition rate and short duration in the visible, near-infrared, and mid-infrared wavelength regions. Here, we review the recent development of emerging LD nanomaterials as SAs for ultrafast mode-locked fiber laser applications in different dispersion regimes such as anomalous and normal dispersion regimes of the laser cavity operating in the near-infrared region, especially at ~1550 nm. The preparation methods, nonlinear optical properties of LD SAs, and various integration schemes for incorporating LD SAs into fiber laser systems are introduced. In addition to these, externally (electrically or optically) controlled pulsed fiber laser behavior and other characteristics of various LD SAs are summarized. Finally, the perspectives and challenges facing LD SA-based mode-locked ultrafast fiber lasers are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pulak Chandra Debnath
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, 206 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, Korea;
- Department of Physics, Ajou University, 206 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Dong-Il Yeom
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, 206 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, Korea;
- Department of Physics, Ajou University, 206 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-219-1937
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Wang S, Cui X, Jian C, Cheng H, Niu M, Yu J, Yan J, Huang W. Stacking-Engineered Heterostructures in Transition Metal Dichalcogenides. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2005735. [PMID: 33719078 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The layer-by-layer assembly of 2D transition metal dichalcogenide monolayer blocks to form a 3D stack, with a precisely chosen sequence/angle, is the newest development for these materials. In this way, one can create "van der Waals heterostructures (HSs)," opening up a new realm of materials engineering and novel devices with designed functionalities. Herein, a detailed systematic review of transition metal dichalcogenide stacking-engineered heterostructures, from controllable fabrication to typical characterization, and stacking-correlated physical behaviors is presented. Furthermore, recent advances in stacking design, such as stacking sequence, twist angles, and moiré superlattice heterojunctions, are also comprehensively summarized. Finally, the remaining challenges and possible strategies for using stacking engineering to tune the properties of 2D materials are also outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Xuehao Cui
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Chang'e Jian
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Haowei Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Mengmeng Niu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Jia Yu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Jiaxu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
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12
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Das S, Wang Y, Dai Y, Li S, Sun Z. Ultrafast transient sub-bandgap absorption of monolayer MoS 2. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2021; 10:27. [PMID: 33514690 PMCID: PMC7846580 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-021-00462-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The light-matter interaction in materials is of remarkable interest for various photonic and optoelectronic applications, which is intrinsically determined by the bandgap of the materials involved. To extend the applications beyond the bandgap limit, it is of great significance to study the light-matter interaction below the material bandgap. Here, we report the ultrafast transient absorption of monolayer molybdenum disulfide in its sub-bandgap region from ~0.86 µm to 1.4 µm. Even though this spectral range is below the bandgap, we observe a significant absorbance enhancement up to ~4.2% in the monolayer molybdenum disulfide (comparable to its absorption within the bandgap region) due to pump-induced absorption by the excited carrier states. The different rise times of the transient absorption at different wavelengths indicate the various contributions of the different carrier states (i.e., real carrier states in the short-wavelength region of ~<1 µm, and exciton states in the long wavelength region of ~>1 µm). Our results elucidate the fundamental understanding regarding the optical properties, excited carrier states, and carrier dynamics in the technologically important near-infrared region, which potentially leads to various photonic and optoelectronic applications (e.g., excited-state-based photodetectors and modulators) of two-dimensional materials and their heterostructures beyond their intrinsic bandgap limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susobhan Das
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Yadong Wang
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Yunyun Dai
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Shisheng Li
- International Center for Young Scientists (ICYS), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Zhipei Sun
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland.
- QTF Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.
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Dai Y, Wang Y, Das S, Xue H, Bai X, Hulkko E, Zhang G, Yang X, Dai Q, Sun Z. Electrical Control of Interband Resonant Nonlinear Optics in Monolayer MoS 2. ACS NANO 2020; 14:8442-8448. [PMID: 32598130 PMCID: PMC7735744 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c02642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides show strong optical nonlinearity with great potential for various emerging applications. Here we demonstrate the gate-tunable interband resonant four-wave mixing and sum-frequency generation in monolayer MoS2. Up to 80% modulation depth in four-wave mixing is achieved when the generated signal is resonant with the A exciton at room temperature, corresponding to an effective third-order optical nonlinearity |χ(3)eff| tuning from (∼12.0 to 5.45) × 10-18 m2/V2. The tunability of the effective second-order optical nonlinearity |χ(2)eff| at 440 nm C-exciton resonance wavelength is also demonstrated from (∼11.6 to 7.40) × 10-9 m/V with sum-frequency generation. Such a large tunability in optical nonlinearities arises from the strong excitonic charging effect in monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides, which allows for the electrical control of the interband excitonic transitions and thus nonlinear optical responses for future on-chip nonlinear optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Dai
- Department of Electronics
and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Fi-00076 Aalto, Finland
- (Y.D.)
| | - Yadong Wang
- Department of Electronics
and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Fi-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Susobhan Das
- Department of Electronics
and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Fi-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Hui Xue
- Department of Electronics
and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Fi-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Xueyin Bai
- Department of Electronics
and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Fi-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Eero Hulkko
- Department of Electronics
and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Fi-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Guangyu Zhang
- Institute of Physics and Beijing National
Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiaoxia Yang
- Division of Nanophotonics, CAS Center for Excellence
in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience
and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qing Dai
- Division of Nanophotonics, CAS Center for Excellence
in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience
and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhipei Sun
- Department of Electronics
and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Fi-00076 Aalto, Finland
- QTF Centre
of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Fi-00076 Aalto, Finland
- (Z.S.)
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14
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Du W, Li H, Lan C, Li C, Li J, Wang Z, Liu Y. Graphene/WS 2 heterostructure saturable absorbers for ultrashort pulse generation in L-band passively mode-locked fiber lasers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:11514-11523. [PMID: 32403661 DOI: 10.1364/oe.390949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Graphene/WS2 (G/WS2) van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures are utilized as saturable absorbers (SAs) in compact mode-locked fiber lasers operating in the telecommunication L-band for the first time. The interlayer coupling is confirmed by Raman and photoluminescence spectra. In comparison with pure WS2, the heterostructure exhibits excellent nonlinear optical properties in terms of larger modulation depth and lower saturation intensity due to the strong interlayer coupling. By incorporating the G/WS2-based SA into an all-anomalous-dispersion fiber laser, stable conventional-soliton pulses with a pulse duration down to 660 fs can be realized at 1601.9 nm, manifesting better output performance compared to pure WS2. In addition, through shifting the cavity dispersion to the net-normal dispersion, the G/WS2 SA can also be applied for dissipative-soliton generation. Resultant output pulses feature the central wavelength of 1593.5 nm and the pulse duration of 55.6 ps. Our results indicate that the G/WS2 vdW heterostructure is a promising candidate as SA for pulsed laser applications, which pave the way for the development of novel ultrafast photonic devices with desirable performance.
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15
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Zheng Y, Wang M, Zhao R, Zhang H, Liu D, Li D. Nonlinear optical absorption properties of zirconium selenide in generating dark soliton and dark-bright soliton pairs. APPLIED OPTICS 2020; 59:396-404. [PMID: 32225318 DOI: 10.1364/ao.377776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Our work reports the preparation of zirconium selenide (ZrSe2)-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film-type saturable absorber (SA) and its nonlinear absorption performance in obtaining dark soliton and dark-bright soliton pairs in an Er-doped fiber (EDF) laser for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. The saturation intensity and modulation depth of the ZrSe2-PVA SA were ∼12.72MW/cm2 and 2.3%, respectively. Due to the modulation of the SA, under a pump power of 525.2 mW, stable dark soliton operation with an average output power of 9.75 mW, and a pulse repetition frequency of 20.84 MHz, a pulse width of 3.85 ns was attained successfully. By adjusting the state of the polarization controllers, dark-bright soliton pairs were also observed. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first demonstration focusing on the nonlinear optical absorption applications of ZrSe2 in obtaining dark soliton and dark-bright soliton pairs. Our results show that ZrSe2 is a good two-dimensional SA material for acting as an ultrafast optical device due to its suitable nonlinear optical absorption properties.
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16
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Jin L, Wu H, Xu Y, Wang G, Wang X, Shi L, Zhang H, Li D, Ma X, Yin J. Emerging transparent conducting oxides material: 2-dimensional plasmonic Zn doped CuGaO 2 nanoplates for Q-switched fiber laser. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:25718-25730. [PMID: 31510439 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.025718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A passively Q-switched Er3+ doped fiber laser has been realized by using Zn doped hexagonal CuGaO2 (CGZO) nanoplates (NPs) as a saturable absorber (SA) for the first time. The CGZO NPs SA film exhibits strong saturable absorption property, meanwhile with a small nonsaturable loss of 5.179%, and the modulation depth is up to 40.821%. A stable passively Q-switched laser, which was centered at 1559.75 nm, was achieved, and the threshold was as low as 42 mW. With an increase of the pump power from 42mW to 361mW, the pulse duration decreases from 36 μs to 1.71 μs, and the maximum output power of 12.1 mW is achieved. Particularly, the optical-optical conversion efficiency of the Q-Switched laser based on CGZO NPs reached 3.76%. Due to whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) resonance in CGZO NPs, the nonlinear optical response of CGZO NPs has been enhancement. These findings demonstrate that CGZO NPs are promising SA for fabricating high-efficiency and low-threshold pulse lasers.
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17
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Liu WJ, Liu ML, Liu B, Quhe RG, Lei M, Fang SB, Teng H, Wei ZY. Nonlinear optical properties of MoS 2-WS 2 heterostructure in fiber lasers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:6689-6699. [PMID: 30876248 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.006689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
As a saturable absorption material, the heterostructure with the van der Waals structure has been paid much attention in material science. In general, the heterogeneous combination is able to neutralize, or even exceed, the individual material's advantages in some aspects. In this paper, which describes the magnetron sputtering deposition method, the tapered fiber is coated by the MoS2-WS2 heterostructure, and the MoS2-WS2 heterostructure saturable absorber (SA) is fabricated. The modulation depth of the prepared MoS2-WS2 heterostructure SA is measured to be 19.12%. Besides, the theoretical calculations for the band gap and carrier mobility of the MoS2-WS2 heterostructure are provided. By employing the prepared SA, a stable and passively erbium-doped fiber laser is implemented. The generated pulse duration of 154 fs is certified to be the shortest among all fiber lasers based on transition mental dichalcogenides. Results in this paper provide the new direction for the fabrication of ultrafast photon modulation devices.
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18
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Xue H, Dai Y, Kim W, Wang Y, Bai X, Qi M, Halonen K, Lipsanen H, Sun Z. High photoresponsivity and broadband photodetection with a band-engineered WSe 2/SnSe 2 heterostructure. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:3240-3247. [PMID: 30706932 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr09248f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures formed by stacking different two-dimensional layered materials have been demonstrated as a promising platform for next-generation photonic and optoelectronic devices due to their tailorable band-engineering properties. Here, we report a high photoresponsivity and broadband photodetector based on a WSe2/SnSe2 heterostructure. By properly biasing the heterostructure, its band structure changes from near-broken band alignment to type-III band alignment which enables high photoresponsivity from visible to telecommunication wavelengths. The highest photoresponsivity and detectivity at 532 nm are ∼588 A W-1 and 4.4 × 1010 Jones and those at 1550 nm are ∼80 A W-1 and 1.4 × 1010 Jones, which are superior to those of the current state-of-the-art layered transition metal dichalcogenides based photodetectors under similar measurement conditions. Our work not only provides a new method for designing high-performance broadband photodetectors but also enables a deep understanding of the band engineering technology in the vdW heterostructures possible for other applications, such as modulators and lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xue
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Espoo 02150, Finland.
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19
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He J, Tao L, Zhang H, Zhou B, Li J. Emerging 2D materials beyond graphene for ultrashort pulse generation in fiber lasers. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:2577-2593. [PMID: 30693933 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr09368g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast fiber lasers have significant applications in ultra-precision manufacturing, medical diagnostics, medical treatment, precision measurement and astronomical detection, owing to their ultra-short pulse width and ultra-high peak-power. Since graphene was first explored as an optical saturable absorber for passively mode-locked lasers in 2009, many other 2D materials beyond graphene, including phosphorene, antimonene, bismuthene, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), topological insulators (TIs), metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and MXenes, have been successively explored, resulting in rapid development of novel 2D materials-based saturable absorbers. Herein, we review the latest progress of the emerging 2D materials beyond graphene for passively mode-locked fiber laser application. These 2D materials are classified into mono-elemental, dual-elemental and multi-elemental 2D materials. The atomic structure, band structure, nonlinear optical properties, and preparation methods of 2D materials are summarized. Diverse integration strategies for applying 2D materials into fiber laser systems are introduced, and the mode-locking performance of the 2D materials-based fiber lasers working at 1-3 μm are discussed. Finally, the perspectives and challenges facing 2D materials-based mode-locked fiber lasers are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junshan He
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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20
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Diode-Pumped Solid-State Q-Switched Laser with Rhenium Diselenide as Saturable Absorber. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8101753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We report a solid-state passively Q-switched Nd:YVO4 laser adopting rhenium diselenide (ReSe2) as saturable absorber (SA) materials. ReSe2 belongs to a type of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) materials and it has the weak-layered dependent feature beneficial for the preparation of few-layer materials. The few-layer ReSe2 was prepared by ultrasonic exfoliation method. Using a power-dependent transmission experiment, its modulation depth and saturation intensity were measured to be 1.89% and 6.37 MW/cm2. Pumped by diode laser and based on few-layer ReSe2 SA, the Q-switched Nd:YVO4 laser obtained the shortest Q-switched pulse width of 682 ns with the highest repetition rate of 84.16 kHz. The maximum average output power was 125 mW with the slope efficiency of 17.27%. Our experiment, to the best of our knowledge, is the first demonstration that used ReSe2 as SA materials in an all-solid-state laser. The results show that the few-layer ReSe2 owns the nonlinear saturable absorption properties and it has the capacity to act as SA in an all-solid-state laser.
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21
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Li D, Xue H, Wang Y, Qi M, Kim W, Li C, Riikonen J, Ren Z, Bai J, Lipsanen H, Sun Z. Active synchronization and modulation of fiber lasers with a graphene electro-optic modulator. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:3497-3500. [PMID: 30067694 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.003497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report the synchronization of two actively Q-switched fiber lasers operating at 1.5 μm and 2 μm with a shared broadband graphene electro-optic modulator. Two graphene monolayer sheets separated with a high-kHfO2 dielectric layer are configured to enable broadband light modulation. The graphene electro-optic modulator is shared by two optical fiber laser cavities (i.e., an erbium-doped fiber laser cavity and a thulium/holmium-codoped fiber laser cavity) to actively Q-switch the two lasers, resulting in stable synchronized pulses at 1.5 μm and 2 μm with a repetition rate ranging from 46 kHz to 56 kHz.
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22
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Autere A, Jussila H, Dai Y, Wang Y, Lipsanen H, Sun Z. Nonlinear Optics with 2D Layered Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1705963. [PMID: 29575171 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201705963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
2D layered materials (2DLMs) are a subject of intense research for a wide variety of applications (e.g., electronics, photonics, and optoelectronics) due to their unique physical properties. Most recently, increasing research efforts on 2DLMs are projected toward the nonlinear optical properties of 2DLMs, which are not only fascinating from the fundamental science point of view but also intriguing for various potential applications. Here, the current state of the art in the field of nonlinear optics based on 2DLMs and their hybrid structures (e.g., mixed-dimensional heterostructures, plasmonic structures, and silicon/fiber integrated structures) is reviewed. Several potential perspectives and possible future research directions of these promising nanomaterials for nonlinear optics are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Autere
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Tietotie 3, FI-02150, Finland
| | - Henri Jussila
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Tietotie 3, FI-02150, Finland
| | - Yunyun Dai
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Tietotie 3, FI-02150, Finland
| | - Yadong Wang
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Tietotie 3, FI-02150, Finland
| | - Harri Lipsanen
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Tietotie 3, FI-02150, Finland
| | - Zhipei Sun
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Tietotie 3, FI-02150, Finland
- QTF Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Aalto, FI-00076, Finland
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23
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Li D, Jussila H, Wang Y, Hu G, Albrow-Owen T, C T Howe R, Ren Z, Bai J, Hasan T, Sun Z. Wavelength and pulse duration tunable ultrafast fiber laser mode-locked with carbon nanotubes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2738. [PMID: 29426938 PMCID: PMC5807438 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21108-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrafast lasers with tunable parameters in wavelength and time domains are the choice of light source for various applications such as spectroscopy and communication. Here, we report a wavelength and pulse-duration tunable mode-locked Erbium doped fiber laser with single wall carbon nanotube-based saturable absorber. An intra-cavity tunable filter is employed to continuously tune the output wavelength for 34 nm (from 1525 nm to 1559 nm) and pulse duration from 545 fs to 6.1 ps, respectively. Our results provide a novel light source for various applications requiring variable wavelength or pulse duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diao Li
- State Key Lab Incubation Base of Photoelectric Technology and Functional Materials, and Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, China
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Tietotie 3, FI-02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Henri Jussila
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Tietotie 3, FI-02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Yadong Wang
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Tietotie 3, FI-02150, Espoo, Finland
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710072, Xi'an, China
| | - Guohua Hu
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, CB3 0FA, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tom Albrow-Owen
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, CB3 0FA, Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard C T Howe
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, CB3 0FA, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zhaoyu Ren
- State Key Lab Incubation Base of Photoelectric Technology and Functional Materials, and Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, China
| | - Jintao Bai
- State Key Lab Incubation Base of Photoelectric Technology and Functional Materials, and Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, China
| | - Tawfique Hasan
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, CB3 0FA, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Zhipei Sun
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Tietotie 3, FI-02150, Espoo, Finland.
- QTF Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI-00076, Aalto, Finland.
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Wang J, Jiang Z, Chen H, Li J, Yin J, Wang J, He T, Yan P, Ruan S. Magnetron-sputtering deposited WTe 2for an ultrafast thulium-doped fiber laser. OPTICS LETTERS 2017; 42:5010-5013. [PMID: 29216179 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.005010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast pulse generation was demonstrated in a thulium-doped fiber laser mode-locked by magnetron-sputtering deposited WTe2 with a modulation depth, a nonsaturable loss, and a saturable intensity of 31%, 34.3%, and 7.6 MW/cm2, respectively. Stable soliton pulses could be obtained at a 1915.5 nm central wavelength with a pulse duration of 1.25 ps, an average output power of 39.9 mW, and a signal-to-noise ratio of 95 dB. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first demonstration of WTe2-based saturable absorbers in fiber lasers at a 2 μm regime.
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Yin J, Li J, Chen H, Wang J, Yan P, Liu M, Liu W, Lu W, Xu Z, Zhang W, Wang J, Sun Z, Ruan S. Large-area highly crystalline WSe 2 atomic layers for ultrafast pulsed lasers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:30020-30031. [PMID: 29221037 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.030020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Large-area and highly crystalline transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) films possess superior saturable absorption compared to the TMDs nanosheet counterparts, which make them more suitable as excellent saturable absorbers (SA) for ultrafast laser technology. Thus far, the nonlinear optical properties of large-scale WSe2 and its applications in ultrafast photonics have not yet been fully investigated. In this work, the saturable absorption of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) grown WSe2 films with large-scale and high quality are studied and the use of WSe2 films as a broadband SA for passively mode-locked fiber lasers at both 1.5 and 2 μm ranges is demonstrated. To enhance the light-material interaction, large-area WSe2 film is tightly transferred onto the side wall of a microfiber to form a hybrid structure, which realizes strong evanescent wave interaction between light and WSe2 film. The integrated microfiber-WSe2 device shows a large modulation depth of 54.5%. Using the large-area WSe2 as a mode-locker, stable soliton mode-locked pulse generation is achieved and the pulse durations of 477 fs (at 1.5 μm) and 1.18 ps (at 2.0 μm) are demonstrated, which suggests that the large-area and highly crystalline WSe2 films afford an excellent broadband SA for ultrafast photonic applications.
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