1
|
Zhou HF, Dong HN, Liu XS. Theoretical analysis on strontium-tellurium content dependencies of defect structures and spin Hamiltonian parameters for strontium-tellurium titanium borate glasses with V 2O 5 dopants. Mol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2022.2045375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Fei Zhou
- College of Physics and Engineering Technology, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, P.R. People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui-Ning Dong
- College of Physics and Engineering Technology, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, P.R. People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu-Sheng Liu
- College of Physics and Engineering Technology, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, P.R. People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Macias-Montero M, Moreno-Zárate P, Muñoz F, Sotillo B, Garcia-Pardo M, Serna R, Fernandez P, Solis J. Competition Effects during Femtosecond Laser Induced Element Redistribution in Ba- and La-Migration Based Laser Written Waveguides. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14123185. [PMID: 34207797 PMCID: PMC8227110 DOI: 10.3390/ma14123185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Fs-laser induced element redistribution (FLIER) has been a subject of intensive research in recent years. Its application to various types of glasses has already resulted in the production of efficient optical waveguides, tappers, amplifiers and lasers. Most of the work reported on FLIER-based waveguides refers to structures produced by the cross-migration of alkali (Na, K) and lanthanides (mostly La). The latter elements act as refractive index carrying elements. Herein, we report the production of Ba-based, FLIER-waveguides in phosphate glass with an index contrast > 10−2. Phosphate glasses modified with the same amount of Na2O and K2O, and variable amounts of BaO and/or La2O3 were used to produce the FLIER-waveguides with Ba and or La acting as index carriers. Ba-only modified glasses show a waveguide writing threshold and light guiding performance comparable to that of La-based structures. However, mixed Ba-La glasses show a much higher element migration threshold, and much smaller compositionally modified regions. This behavior is consistent with a competition effect in the cross-migration of both elements (Ba and La) against the alkalis. Such an effect can be applied to inhibit undesired element redistribution effects in fs-laser processing applications in multicomponent glasses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Macias-Montero
- Laser Processing Group, Institute of Optics (IO, CSIC), Serrano 121, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.-M.); (R.S.)
| | - Pedro Moreno-Zárate
- Electronic Engineering Department, National Technological Institute of Mexico, Campus Acatlan de Osorio, Carretera Acatlan—San Juan Ixcaquistla k.m. 5.5, Acatlan de Osorio 74949, Mexico;
| | - Francisco Muñoz
- Institute of Ceramics and Glass (ICV, CSIC), Kelsen 5, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Belén Sotillo
- Department of Materials Physics, Faculty of Physics, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (B.S.); (P.F.)
| | - Marina Garcia-Pardo
- Laser Processing Group, Institute of Optics (IO, CSIC), Serrano 121, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.-M.); (R.S.)
| | - Rosalía Serna
- Laser Processing Group, Institute of Optics (IO, CSIC), Serrano 121, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.-M.); (R.S.)
| | - Paloma Fernandez
- Department of Materials Physics, Faculty of Physics, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (B.S.); (P.F.)
| | - Javier Solis
- Laser Processing Group, Institute of Optics (IO, CSIC), Serrano 121, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.-M.); (R.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-(56)-16800
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Macias-Montero M, Muñoz F, Sotillo B, Del Hoyo J, Ariza R, Fernandez P, Siegel J, Solis J. Femtosecond laser induced thermophoretic writing of waveguides in silicate glass. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8390. [PMID: 33863947 PMCID: PMC8052338 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87765-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Here in, the fs-laser induced thermophoretic writing of microstructures in ad-hoc compositionally designed silicate glasses and their application as infrared optical waveguides is reported. The glass modification mechanism mimics the elemental thermal diffusion occurring in basaltic liquids at the Earth's mantle, but in a much shorter time scale (108 times faster) and over a well-defined micrometric volume. The precise addition of BaO, Na2O and K2O to the silicate glass enables the creation of positive refractive index contrast upon fs-laser irradiation. The influence of the focal volume and the induced temperature gradient is thoroughly analyzed, leading to a variety of structures with refractive index contrasts as high as 2.5 × 10-2. Two independent methods, namely near field measurements and electronic polarizability analysis, confirm the magnitude of the refractive index on the modified regions. Additionally, the functionality of the microstructures as waveguides is further optimized by lowering their propagation losses, enabling their implementation in a wide range of photonic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Macias-Montero
- Laser Processing Group, Institute of Optics (IO, CSIC), Serrano 121, 28006, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Francisco Muñoz
- Institute of Ceramics and Glass (ICV, CSIC), Kelsen 5, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Sotillo
- Department of Materials Physics, Faculty of Physics, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Del Hoyo
- Department of Optics, Faculty of Physics, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Ariza
- Laser Processing Group, Institute of Optics (IO, CSIC), Serrano 121, 28006, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Materials Physics, Faculty of Physics, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Fernandez
- Department of Materials Physics, Faculty of Physics, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jan Siegel
- Laser Processing Group, Institute of Optics (IO, CSIC), Serrano 121, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Solis
- Laser Processing Group, Institute of Optics (IO, CSIC), Serrano 121, 28006, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Role of the La/K Compositional Ratio in the Properties of Waveguides Written by Fs-Laser Induced Element Redistribution in Phosphate-Based Glasses. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13061275. [PMID: 32168936 PMCID: PMC7143086 DOI: 10.3390/ma13061275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The local modification of the composition of glasses by high repetition femtosecond laser irradiation is an attractive method for producing photonic devices. Recently, the successful production of waveguides with a refractive index contrast (Δn) above 10−2 by fs-laser writing has been demonstrated in phosphate glasses containing La2O3 and K2O modifiers. This large index contrast has been related to a local enrichment in lanthanum in the light guiding region accompanied by a depletion in potassium. In this work, we have studied the influence of the initial glass composition on the performance of waveguides that are produced by fs-laser induced element redistribution (FLIER) in phosphate-based samples with different La and K concentrations. We have analyzed the contribution to the electronic polarizability of the different glass constituents based on refractive index measurements of the untreated samples, and used it to estimate the expected index contrast caused by the experimentally measured local compositional changes in laser written guiding structures. These estimated values have been compared to experimental ones that are derived from near field images of the guided modes with an excellent agreement. Therefore, we have developed a method to estimate before-hand the expected index contrast in fs-laser written waveguides via FLIER for a given glass composition. The obtained results stress the importance of considering the contribution to the polarizability of all the moving species when computing the expected refractive index changes that are caused by FLIER processes.
Collapse
|