1
|
Lu P, Yan T, Huang J, Xing T, Liu H, Han Z, Xu X, Tao C. ITO-Induced Nonlinear Optical Response Enhancement of Titanium Nitride Thin Films. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:1040. [PMID: 38921916 PMCID: PMC11206435 DOI: 10.3390/nano14121040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
A series of TiN/ITO composite films with various thickness of ITO buffer layer were fabricated in this study. The enhancement of optical properties was realized in the composite thin films. The absorption spectra showed that absorption intensity in the near-infrared region was obviously enhanced with the increase of ITO thickness due to the coupling of surface plasma between TiN and ITO. The epsilon-near-zero wavelength of this composite can be tuned from 935 nm to 1895 nm by varying the thickness of ITO thin films. The nonlinear optical property investigated by Z-scan technique showed that the nonlinear absorption coefficient (β = 3.03 × 10-4 cm/W) for the composite was about 14.02 times greater than that of single-layer TiN films. The theoretical calculations performed by finite difference time domain were in good agreement with those of the experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lu
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (P.L.)
| | - Tingzhen Yan
- Department of Printing and Pack Aging Engineering, Shanghai Publishing and Printing College, No. 100 Shuifeng Road, Shanghai 200093, China;
| | - Jialei Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (P.L.)
| | - Tian Xing
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (P.L.)
| | - Hao Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (P.L.)
| | - Zhaoxia Han
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (P.L.)
| | - Xueke Xu
- Heng Mai Optics and Fine Mechanics (Hang Zhou) Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311421, China
| | - Chunxian Tao
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (P.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hu X, Ning K, Un IW, Jiang J, Deng J, Dong J, Jiang X, Fan H, Chen Y. Nonlinear metasurface engineering with disordered gold nanorods on ITO: a cost-effective approach to broadband response, polarization-independence, and weak nonlinear index dispersion. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:3400-3403. [PMID: 38875631 DOI: 10.1364/ol.521467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
The strong coupling of epsilon-near-zero materials with nanoantennas has demonstrated enhanced nonlinear optical responses, yet practical challenges persist. Here, we propose an alternative: an ultrathin metasurface featuring broadband response with a weakly dispersive nonlinear index, achieved through a simple implementation. Our metasurface, comprising a disordered gold nanorod array on indium tin oxide, exhibits polarization-independent behavior and a large average nonlinear refractive index of 5 cm2/GW across a broad wavelength range (1000-1300 nm). Enhanced performance is attributed to the weak coupling between gold nanorods and indium tin oxide, offering a cost-effective method for nonlinear optical metasurfaces and a flexible design in nanophotonic applications.
Collapse
|
3
|
Ashjari A, Topper B, Möncke D. Z-scan of ITO nanocrystals grown inside glass. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:3460-3463. [PMID: 38875645 DOI: 10.1364/ol.528167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Indium tin oxide (ITO) nanocrystals 1-10 nm in size were grown via thermal treatment of a boroaluminosilicate parent glass. The nonlinear behavior of the obtained glass-ceramic was investigated with the Z-scan technique using 550 ps pulses of a 532 nm source at a 500 Hz repetition rate. The nonlinear response was rich, with the sample exhibiting third- and fifth-order nonlinearities as well as saturable absorption and two-photon absorption (TPA), depending on the locale probed. Photoinduced changes were also observed, with high intensity exposures yielding an increased magnitude of the response when lower power trials were subsequently repeated at the same sample position. The work demonstrates that ITO nanocrystal precipitation in bulk glass yields effective nonlinear response and suggests that with further development may enable more compact devices exploiting ITO and the need for particle deposition routes.
Collapse
|
4
|
Li F, Xu J, Li W, Li J, Peng Y, He M. Optical bistability modulation based on graphene sandwich structure with topological interface modes. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:40490-40497. [PMID: 38041348 DOI: 10.1364/oe.501408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we have investigated optical bistability modulation of transmitted beam that can be achieved by graphene sandwich structure with topological interface modes at terahertz frequency. Graphene with strong nonlinear optical effect was combined with sandwich photonic crystal to form a new sandwich structure with topological interface modes. The light-limiting properties of the topological interface modes, as well as its high unidirectionality and high transmission efficiency, all contribute positively to the reduction of the optical bistability threshold. In addition, the topological interface modes can effectively ensure the stability of the two steady state switching in the case of external interference. Moreover, optical bistability is closely related to the incident angle, the Fermi energy, the relaxation time, and the number of layers of graphene. Through parameter optimization, optical bistability with threshold of 105 V/m can be obtained, which has reached or is close to the range of the weak field.
Collapse
|
5
|
Jiang H, Zhao Y, Ma H, Wu Y, Chen M, Wang M, Zhang W, Peng Y, Leng Y, Cao Z, Shao J. Broad-Band Ultrafast All-Optical Switching Based on Enhanced Nonlinear Absorption in Corrugated Indium Tin Oxide Films. ACS NANO 2022; 16:12878-12888. [PMID: 35905035 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c05139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast all-optical switches based on epsilon-near-zero (ENZ)-enhanced nonlinear refraction in transparent conducting oxides have achieved exciting results in realizing large absolute modulations. However, broad-band, polarization-independent, and wide-angle ultrafast all-optical switches have been challenging to produce, due to the inherent narrow band, polarization-dependent, and angle-dependent characteristics of the ENZ effect. To this end, we propose an ultrafast all-optical switch based on the enhanced nonlinear absorption of corrugated indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films. Taking advantage of the perfect absorption and localized field enhancement of the ENZ and localized surface plasmon resonance modes, we significantly enhanced the nonlinear absorption of the corrugated ITO film in the 1450-1650 nm telecom band. The experimental results show that the nonlinear saturable absorption coefficient of the corrugated ITO film at 1450 nm was as high as -1.5 × 105 cm GW-1, enabling all-optical switching to obtain an extinction ratio of 14.32 dB and an ultrafast switching time of 350 fs at a pump fluence of 18.51 mJ cm-2. Furthermore, the all-optical switch achieved an extinction ratio of over 15 dB and an insertion loss of approximately 2.6 dB within the 200 nm absorption band and exhibited polarization-independent and wide-angle features. The ultrafast temporal response can be attributed to intraband transient bleaching of the corrugated ITO film. Our findings demonstrate that corrugated ENZ films can overcome the inherent narrow-band, polarization-dependent, and angle-dependent problems of natural ENZ materials without increasing the response time, making them a potential ENZ ultrafast all-optical switching material platform.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Jiang
- Laboratory of Thin Film Optics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High Power Laser, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanan Zhao
- Laboratory of Thin Film Optics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High Power Laser, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Ma
- Laboratory of Thin Film Optics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High Power Laser, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wu
- Laboratory of Thin Film Optics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High Power Laser, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiling Chen
- Laboratory of Thin Film Optics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High Power Laser, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengxia Wang
- Laboratory of Thin Film Optics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High Power Laser, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China
| | - Weili Zhang
- Laboratory of Thin Film Optics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High Power Laser, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Peng
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Leng
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoliang Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianda Shao
- Laboratory of Thin Film Optics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High Power Laser, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Supercontinuum Induced by Filamentation of Bessel-Gaussian and Laguerre-Gaussian Beams in Water. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12126005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we study the characteristics of the supercontinuum (SC) induced by the filamentation of two typical vortex beams (i.e., Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) and Bessel-Gaussian (BG) beams) in water. By moving the cuvette filled with water along the laser propagation path, we measure the SC induced by the filamentation of the two vortex beams at different positions in water. The results show that the degree of spectral broadening induced by the filamentation of LG beams hardly changes with the change of position, while for BG beams, the spectral broadening induced by filamentation is weak on both sides and strong in the middle. The value of topological charge (TC) affects the length of the filament formed by BG beams; however, its effect on the spectral broadening induced by the filamentation of LG and BG beams is negligible.
Collapse
|