1
|
Cicero AFG, Fogacci F, Di Micoli V, Angeloni C, Giovannini M, Borghi C. Purine Metabolism Dysfunctions: Experimental Methods of Detection and Diagnostic Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087027. [PMID: 37108190 PMCID: PMC10138451 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Purines, such as adenine and guanine, perform several important functions in the cell. They are found in nucleic acids; are structural components of some coenzymes, including NADH and coenzyme A; and have a crucial role in the modulation of energy metabolism and signal transduction. Moreover, purines have been shown to play an important role in the physiology of platelets, muscles, and neurotransmission. All cells require a balanced number of purines for growth, proliferation, and survival. Under physiological conditions, enzymes involved in purines metabolism maintain a balanced ratio between their synthesis and degradation in the cell. In humans, the final product of purine catabolism is uric acid, while most other mammals possess the enzyme uricase that converts uric acid to allantoin, which can be easily eliminated with urine. During the last decades, hyperuricemia has been associated with a number of human extra-articular diseases (in particular, the cardiovascular ones) and their clinical severity. In this review, we go through the methods of investigation of purine metabolism dysfunctions, looking at the functionality of xanthine oxidoreductase and the formation of catabolites in urine and saliva. Finally, we discuss how these molecules can be used as markers of oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arrigo F G Cicero
- Cardiovascular Internal Medicine Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Research Group, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica Fogacci
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Research Group, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Di Micoli
- Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Angeloni
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Marina Giovannini
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Research Group, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Borghi
- Cardiovascular Internal Medicine Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Research Group, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhao LL, Ma Q, Xu CY, Zheng G, Han Y, Qian Q, Jin W, Min JZ. Development and validation of a simple and noninvasive method for salivary uric acid: potential applications for monitoring the salivary uric acid level in healthy volunteers and gout patients. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e201026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Zhao
- College of Pharmacy Yanbian University, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingkun Ma
- College of Pharmacy Yanbian University, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun-Yan Xu
- College of Pharmacy Yanbian University, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guanghao Zheng
- College of Pharmacy Yanbian University, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Han
- College of Pharmacy Yanbian University, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Qian
- College of Pharmacy Yanbian University, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenlong Jin
- Yanbian University Hospital, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhe Min
- College of Pharmacy Yanbian University, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bukharinova MA, Stozhko NY, Novakovskaya EA, Khamzina EI, Tarasov AV, Sokolkov SV. Developing Activated Carbon Veil Electrode for Sensing Salivary Uric Acid. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:287. [PMID: 34436089 PMCID: PMC8394272 DOI: 10.3390/bios11080287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The paper describes the development of a carbon veil-based electrode (CVE) for determining uric acid (UA) in saliva. The electrode was manufactured by lamination technology, electrochemically activated and used as a highly sensitive voltammetric sensor (CVEact). Potentiostatic polarization of the electrode at 2.0 V in H2SO4 solution resulted in a higher number of oxygen and nitrogen-containing groups on the electrode surface; lower charge transfer resistance; a 1.5 times increase in the effective surface area and a decrease in the UA oxidation potential by over 0.4 V, compared with the non-activated CVE, which was confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, chronoamperometry and linear sweep voltammetry. The developed sensor is characterized by a low detection limit of 0.05 µM and a wide linear range (0.09-700 µM). The results suggest that the sensor has perspective applications for quick determination of UA in artificial and human saliva. RSD does not exceed 3.9%, and recovery is 96-105%. UA makes a significant contribution to the antioxidant activity (AOA) of saliva (≈60%). In addition to its high analytical characteristics, the important advantages of the proposed CVEact are the simple, scalable, and cost-effective manufacturing technology and the absence of additional complex and time-consuming modification operations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalia Yu. Stozhko
- Scientific and Innovation Center of Sensor Technologies, Department of Physics and Chemistry, Ural State University of Economics, 8 Marta St., 62, 620144 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (M.A.B.); (E.A.N.); (E.I.K.); (A.V.T.); (S.V.S.)
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vernerová A, Krčmová LK, Heneberk O, Radochová V, Strouhal O, Kašparovský A, Melichar B, Švec F. Chromatographic method for the determination of inflammatory biomarkers and uric acid in human saliva. Talanta 2021; 233:122598. [PMID: 34215086 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Determination of concentration of biomarkers of the activation of immune system, uric acid, and creatinine in the saliva can be useful tool for the diagnosis and monitoring of early manifestations of diseases such as malignant, inflammatory, and periodontal disorders. We have developed and validated a high-performance liquid chromatographic method coupled with fluorescence and diode array detection for the separation and quantification of neopterin, tryptophan, creatinine, uric acid, and kynurenine in the human saliva. A separation of these analytes was achieved within 9 min by using second-generation monolithic stationary phase and elution with phosphate buffer. The present method involves very simple sample preparation requiring small amount of sample matrix. The internal standard 3-nitro-l-tyrosine was used for a more precise quantification. The sensitivity of the present method was demonstrated with lower limits of quantification of 0.6 × 10-3 μmol/L for neopterin, 0.725 μmol/L for tryptophan, 0.12 μmol/L for creatinine, 0.18 μmol/L for uric acid, and 0.135 μmol/L for kynurenine. The method was validated with 67 real-life saliva samples collected from patients suffering from breast, ovarian, colorectal, and renal cancer, and 19 saliva samples from patients with periodontal diseases and allowed monitoring of inflammatory response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Vernerová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203/8, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital, Sokolská 581, Hradec Králové, 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Kujovská Krčmová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203/8, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital, Sokolská 581, Hradec Králové, 500 05, Czech Republic.
| | - Ondřej Heneberk
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, University Hospital, Sokolská 581, Hradec Králové, 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimíra Radochová
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, University Hospital, Sokolská 581, Hradec Králové, 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Strouhal
- Department of Oncology, Palacký University, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Olomouc, I.P. Pavlova 6, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Kašparovský
- Department of Oncology, Palacký University, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Olomouc, I.P. Pavlova 6, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Bohuslav Melichar
- Department of Oncology, Palacký University, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Olomouc, I.P. Pavlova 6, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - František Švec
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203/8, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vernerová A, Kujovská Krčmová L, Melichar B, Švec F. Non-invasive determination of uric acid in human saliva in the diagnosis of serious disorders. Clin Chem Lab Med 2020; 59:797-812. [PMID: 33554551 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2020-1533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes and critically evaluates the published approaches and recent trends in sample pre-treatment, as well as both separation and non-separation techniques used for the determination of uric acid (UA) in saliva. UA is the final product of purine nucleotide catabolism in humans. UA concentrations in biological fluids such as serum, plasma, and urine represent an important biomarker of diseases including gout, hyperuricemia, or disorders associated with oxidative stress. Previous studies reported correlation between UA concentrations detected in saliva and in the blood. The interest in UA has been increasing during the past 20 years from a single publication in 2000 to 34 papers in 2019 according to MEDLINE search using term "uric acid in saliva". The evaluation of salivary UA levels can contribute to non-invasive diagnosis of many serious diseases. Increased salivary UA concentration is associated with cancer, HIV, gout, and hypertension. In contrast, low UA levels are associated with Alzheimer disease, progression of multiple sclerosis, and mild cognitive impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Vernerová
- The Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.,The Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Kujovská Krčmová
- The Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.,The Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Bohuslav Melichar
- The Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - František Švec
- The Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kubáň P, Dvořák M, Kubáň P. Capillary electrophoresis of small ions and molecules in less conventional human body fluid samples: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1075:1-26. [PMID: 31196414 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, advances in sensitive analytical techniques have encouraged the analysis of various compounds in biological fluids. While blood serum, blood plasma and urine still remain the golden standards in clinical, toxicological and forensic science, analyses of other body fluids, such as breast milk, exhaled breath condensate, sweat, saliva, amniotic fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, or capillary blood in form of dried blood spots are becoming more popular. This review article focuses on capillary electrophoresis and microchip electrophoresis of small ions and molecules (e.g. inorganic cations/anions, basic/acidic drugs, small acids/bases, amino acids, peptides and other low molecular weight analytes) in various less conventional human body fluids and hopes to stimulate further interest in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petr Kubáň
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 97, CZ-60200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Dvořák
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 97, CZ-60200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kubáň
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 97, CZ-60200, Brno, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Vakh C, Koronkiewicz S, Kalinowski S, Moskvin L, Bulatov A. An automatic chemiluminescence method based on the multi-pumping flow system coupled with the fluidized reactor and direct-injection detector: Determination of uric acid in saliva samples. Talanta 2017; 167:725-732. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
8
|
Li XL, Shi Q, Jin W, Li G, Todoroki K, Mizuno H, Toyo'oka T, Min JZ. Uric acid quantification in fingernail of gout patients and healthy volunteers using HPLC-UV. Biomed Chromatogr 2016; 30:1338-42. [PMID: 26787501 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The presence of elevated uric acid (UA) levels is a sign of gout, that is, hyperuricemia. In this study the monitoring of the UA levels in less-invasive biological samples, such as the human fingernail, is suggested for the diagnosis and therapy of gout. Twenty-six healthy volunteers (HV) and 22 gout patients (GP) were studied. The UA was extracted from human fingernail samples, then separated on an Inertsil ODS-3 column (250 × 4.6 mm i.d., 4.0 μm, GL Sciences) by isocratic elution using methanol-74 mm phosphate buffer (pH 2.2) 2:98 (v/v). A UV detector was used to monitor the samples at 284 nm. Using the developed method, different UA concentrations were found in the GP and HV. When comparing the concentrations from GP with those from HV, a statistically significant correlation was observed between the UA (p < 0.01). In this study, the UA was confirmed as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and therapy of gout. We have developed a novel sensitive, and simple method for the determination of UA in the fingernails of GP and HV. The human fingernail may serve as a noninvasive biosample for the diagnosis of gout. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Ling Li
- Key Laboratory for Natural Resource of Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Qing Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Western Hospital, Yanbian University, Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, 133000, Jilin, Province, China
| | - Wenlong Jin
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Western Hospital, Yanbian University, Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, 133000, Jilin, Province, China
| | - Gao Li
- Key Laboratory for Natural Resource of Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Kenichiro Todoroki
- Laboratory of Analytical and Bio-Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Hajime Mizuno
- Laboratory of Analytical and Bio-Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Toyo'oka
- Laboratory of Analytical and Bio-Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Jun Zhe Min
- Key Laboratory for Natural Resource of Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, China.,Laboratory of Analytical and Bio-Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kim J, Imani S, de Araujo WR, Warchall J, Valdés-Ramírez G, Paixão TRLC, Mercier PP, Wang J. Wearable salivary uric acid mouthguard biosensor with integrated wireless electronics. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 74:1061-8. [PMID: 26276541 PMCID: PMC4718709 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This article demonstrates an instrumented mouthguard capable of non-invasively monitoring salivary uric acid (SUA) levels. The enzyme (uricase)-modified screen printed electrode system has been integrated onto a mouthguard platform along with anatomically-miniaturized instrumentation electronics featuring a potentiostat, microcontroller, and a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) transceiver. Unlike RFID-based biosensing systems, which require large proximal power sources, the developed platform enables real-time wireless transmission of the sensed information to standard smartphones, laptops, and other consumer electronics for on-demand processing, diagnostics, or storage. The mouthguard biosensor system offers high sensitivity, selectivity, and stability towards uric acid detection in human saliva, covering the concentration ranges for both healthy people and hyperuricemia patients. The new wireless mouthguard biosensor system is able to monitor SUA level in real-time and continuous fashion, and can be readily expanded to an array of sensors for different analytes to enable an attractive wearable monitoring system for diverse health and fitness applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jayoung Kim
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Somayeh Imani
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of California, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - William R de Araujo
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Instituto de Química -Universidade de São Paulo, Av Prof Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Julian Warchall
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of California, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - Thiago R L C Paixão
- Instituto de Química -Universidade de São Paulo, Av Prof Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Patrick P Mercier
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of California, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Joseph Wang
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fanjul-Bolado P, Santos DH, Montoya VM, Costa-García A. Uric Acid Determination by Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry on Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes Based Screen-Printed Electrodes. ELECTROANAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201400690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
11
|
Zhang M, Wang Y, Zhang J, Cui Q, Ye J, Chu Q. Study on the Effect of Moderate Exercise on Lactic Acid Content in Breast Milk by Indirect CE with Amperometric Detection. Chromatographia 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-011-2058-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
12
|
A nonenzymatic sensor for xanthine based on electrospun carbon nanofibers modified electrode. Talanta 2011; 83:1410-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2010.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2010] [Revised: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 11/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
13
|
Bera RK, Anoop A, Raj CR. Enzyme-free colorimetric assay of serum uric acid. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:11498-500. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc13349g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
14
|
Yang J, Hu M, Cai Y, Tang J, Li H. Determination of uric acid in human urine by capillary zone electrophoresis with indirect laser-induced fluorescence detection. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:3710-6. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
15
|
Chen D, Wang Q, Jin J, Wu P, Wang H, Yu S, Zhang H, Cai C. Low-Potential Detection of Endogenous and Physiological Uric Acid at Uricase−Thionine−Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Modified Electrodes. Anal Chem 2010; 82:2448-55. [DOI: 10.1021/ac9028246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongxiao Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Laboratory of Electrochemistry, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, and College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Laboratory of Electrochemistry, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, and College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Jin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Laboratory of Electrochemistry, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, and College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Laboratory of Electrochemistry, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, and College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Laboratory of Electrochemistry, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, and College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuqin Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Laboratory of Electrochemistry, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, and College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Laboratory of Electrochemistry, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, and College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenxin Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Laboratory of Electrochemistry, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, and College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pormsila W, Krähenbühl S, Hauser PC. Capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection for uric acid determination in biological fluids. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 636:224-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2008] [Revised: 02/05/2009] [Accepted: 02/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
17
|
Schrenkhammer P, Wolfbeis OS. Fully reversible optical biosensors for uric acid using oxygen transduction. Biosens Bioelectron 2008; 24:1000-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2008.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2008] [Revised: 08/03/2008] [Accepted: 08/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
18
|
Wu T, Wang WY, Jiang LM, Chu QC, Delaire J, Ye JN. Determination of Natural and Synthetic Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) in Sewage Based on SPE and MEKC with Amperometric Detection. Chromatographia 2008. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-008-0690-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
19
|
Kathiwala M, Affum AO, Perry J, Brajter-Toth A. Direct measurements of xanthine in 2000-fold diluted xanthinuric urine with a nanoporous carbon fiber sensor. Analyst 2008; 133:810-6. [PMID: 18493684 DOI: 10.1039/b718125f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
High selectivity and sensitivity is reported in the measurements of xanthine in urine by fast scan cyclic voltammetry (FSV) with a nanostructured carbon fiber sensor of 3.5 +/- 0.4 mum radius. Fabrication of the sensors for the measurements is described. Fabrication of the nanostructure at the carbon fiber sensor surface exposes surface pores. SEM images confirm the formation of the nanostructure. The results indicate that the nanostructure improves the sensitivity and limit of detection (LOD) in the measurements of xanthine and uric acid. The sensors allow rapid direct measurements of xanthine in 2000-fold diluted xanthinuric urine and of uric acid in 2000-fold diluted normal urine. The sensitivity and the LOD of xanthine is 0.40 +/- 0.02 nA microM(-1) (0.995) and 1 microM, respectively, and 0.99 +/- 0.01 nA microM(-1) (0.998) and 500 nM for uric acid. The concentration of xanthine in 2000-fold diluted xanthinuric urine is 1.6 +/- 0.2 muM from FSV and from HPLC. The concentration of xanthine and uric acid in urine can be determined by pre- or post-calibration of the sensor in buffer or by the method of standard addition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehjabin Kathiwala
- University of Florida, Department of Chemistry, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Rapid determination of acetaminophen and p-aminophenol in pharmaceutical formulations using miniaturized capillary electrophoresis with amperometric detection. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 606:246-51. [PMID: 18082657 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2007] [Revised: 10/27/2007] [Accepted: 11/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Capability of fast analysis of a novel miniaturized capillary electrophoresis with carbon disk electrode amperometric detection (mini-CE-AD) system was demonstrated by determining acetaminophen and p-aminophenol in dosage forms. Factors influencing the separation and detection processes were examined and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the end-capillary 300 microm carbon disc electrode amperometric detector offered favorable signal-to-noise characteristics at a relatively low potential (+600 mV versus Ag/AgCl) for detecting acetaminophen and p-aminophenol. Two analytes can been separated within 150 s in a 8.5 cm length capillary at a separation voltage of 2000V using a Na2B4O7-KH2PO4 running buffer (pH 7.2). Acetaminophen and p-aminophenol could be detected down to the 1.4 x 10(-6)-5.9 x 10(-7) molL(-1) level with linearity up to the 1.0 x 10(-3) molL(-1) level examined. The inter-day repeatability for analytes in peak current (R.S.D.< or =2.3%) and migration times (R.S.D.< or =1.3%) were excellent. The proposed mini-CE-AD system should find a wide range of analytical applications in pharmaceutical formulations as an alternative to conventional CE and mu-CE.
Collapse
|