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Abou Elmaaty T, Sayed-Ahmed K, Magdi M, Elsisi H. An eco-friendly method of extracting alizarin from Rubia tinctorum roots under supercritical carbon dioxide and its application to wool dyeing. Sci Rep 2023; 13:30. [PMID: 36593257 PMCID: PMC9807584 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27110-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Because of its low critical temperature and pressure levels, supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) is the most widely used supercritical fluid in the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) technique. Alizarin was extracted from madder roots (Rubia tinctorum) using scCO2 under different conditions of co-solvent ratio (0-50%), temperature (45-95 °C), pressure (150-250 bar), extraction time (15-120 min), and flow rate (5-9 mL/min). Based on alizarin recovery and minimization of environmental risk, the optimum conditions were determined. SFE was optimum at 90% CO2:10% methanol (Me), 65 °C, 250 bar, 45 min, and 9 mL/min. The alizarin recovery, and its content in R. tinctorum extract (RE) under the optimum conditions were 1.34 g/kg roots, and 6.42%, respectively. Using conventional dyeing methods, wool fabrics were dyed with RE at different concentrations (2-6%). Various types of mordants were also used in the dyeing process, including chemical and bio-mordants. Color and fastness properties of dyed wool fabrics were evaluated based on RE concentration and mordant type. A higher RE concentration and the use of mordants, specifically Punica granatum (P. granatum) peels, increased the color characteristics. RE and dyed fabrics exhibited good antibacterial activity against the tested bacterial strains, especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Abou Elmaaty
- grid.462079.e0000 0004 4699 2981Department of Textile Printing, Dyeing and Finishing, Faculty of Applied Arts, Damietta University, Damietta, 34512 Egypt
| | - Khaled Sayed-Ahmed
- grid.462079.e0000 0004 4699 2981Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta, 34512 Egypt
| | - Mai Magdi
- grid.462079.e0000 0004 4699 2981Department of Textile Printing, Dyeing and Finishing, Faculty of Applied Arts, Damietta University, Damietta, 34512 Egypt
| | - Hanan Elsisi
- grid.462079.e0000 0004 4699 2981Department of Textile Printing, Dyeing and Finishing, Faculty of Applied Arts, Damietta University, Damietta, 34512 Egypt
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Murthy HN, Joseph KS, Paek KY, Park SY. Anthraquinone Production from Cell and Organ Cultures of Rubia Species: An Overview. Metabolites 2022; 13:metabo13010039. [PMID: 36676964 PMCID: PMC9861034 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Rubia genus includes major groups of medicinal plants such as Rubia cordifolia, Rubia tinctorum, and Rubia akane. They contain anthraquinones (AQs), particularly alizarin and purpurin, which have pharmacological effects that are anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, hemostatic, antibacterial, and more. Alizarin and purpurin have been utilized as natural dyes for cotton, silk, and wool fabrics since the dawn of time. These substances have been used in the cosmetics and food industries to color products. The amount of AQs in different Rubia species is minimal. In order to produce these compounds, researchers have established cell and organ cultures. Investigations have been conducted into numerous chemical and physical parameters that affect the biomass and accumulation of secondary metabolites in a cell, callus, hairy root, and adventitious root suspension cultures. This article offers numerous techniques and approaches used to produce biomass and secondary metabolites from the Rubia species. Additionally, it has been emphasized that cells can be grown in bioreactor cultures to produce AQs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosakatte Niranjana Murthy
- Department of Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580003, India
- Department of Horticultural Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (H.N.M.); (S.Y.P.)
| | | | - Kee Yoeup Paek
- Department of Horticultural Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Park
- Department of Horticultural Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (H.N.M.); (S.Y.P.)
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Collection of Hairy Roots as a Basis for Fundamental and Applied Research. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27228040. [PMID: 36432139 PMCID: PMC9695355 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27228040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Due to population growth, instability of climatic conditions, and reduction of the areas of natural ecosystems, it becomes necessary to involve modern biotechnological approaches to obtain highly productive plant material. This statement applies both to the creation of plant varieties and the production of new pharmaceutical raw materials. Genetic transformation of valuable medicinal plants using Agrobacterium rhizogenes ensures the production of stable and rapidly growing hairy roots cultures that have a number of advantages compared with cell culture and, above all, can synthesize root-specific substances at the level of the roots of the intact plant. In this regard, special attention should be paid to the collection of hairy roots of the Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, Russian Academy of Sciences, the founder of which was Dr. Kuzovkina I.N. Currently, the collection contains 38 hairy roots lines of valuable medicinal and forage plants. The review discusses the prospects of creating a hairy roots collection as a basis for fundamental research and commercial purposes.
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Green Sterilization of Rosmarinus officinalis L. Stem Surfaces with Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Rubia tinctorum L. Cell Culture Extracts. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, TRANSACTIONS A: SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40995-016-0065-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Ramezani AM, Yousefinejad S, Nazifi M, Absalan G. Response surface approach for isocratic separation of some natural anthraquinone dyes by micellar liquid chromatography. J Mol Liq 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.07.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lajkó E, Bányai P, Zámbó Z, Kursinszki L, Szőke É, Kőhidai L. Targeted tumor therapy by Rubia tinctorum L.: analytical characterization of hydroxyanthraquinones and investigation of their selective cytotoxic, adhesion and migration modulator effects on melanoma cell lines (A2058 and HT168-M1). Cancer Cell Int 2015; 15:119. [PMID: 26690297 PMCID: PMC4683936 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-015-0271-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alizarin and purpurin are di- and trihydroxyanthraquinones derived from Rubia tinctorum L. Previous pharmacological studies have demonstrated that they exhibit certain degree of selective inhibitory effects towards cancer cells suggesting their application as a targeted drug for cancer. Our present work was aimed to investigate the suitability of hydroxyanthraquinones of Rubia tinctorum L. for targeted tumor therapy. The effects of alizarin, purpurin and an aqueous extract from transformed hairy root culture of Rubia tinctorum L. were examined on (1) cell proliferation, (2) apoptosis, (3) cell adhesion/morphology and (4) migration (chemotaxis, chemokinesis) of human melanoma cell lines (A2058, HT168-M1) and human fibroblast cells (MRC-5), as well as (5) the aqueous extract was analytically characterized. Methods The aqueous extract was prepared from R. tinctorum hairy root culture and qualitatively analyzed by HPLC and ESI–MS methods. The cell growth inhibitory activity of anthraquinones was evaluated by MTT-assay and by flow cytometry. The effect of anthraquinones on cell adhesion was measured by an impedance based technique, the xCELLigence SP. For the chemotaxis assay NeuroProbe® chamber was used. Computer based holographic microscopy was applied to analyze chemokinetic responses as well as morphometry. Statistical significance was determined by the one-way ANOVA test. Results In the aqueous extract, munjistin (Mr = 284, tR = 18.4 min) as a principal component and three minor anthraquinones (pseudopurpurin, rubiadin and nordamnacanthal) were identified. The purpurin elicited a stronger but not apoptosis-mediated antitumor effect in melanoma cells (A2058: 10−6–10−5 M: 90.6–64.1 %) than in normal fibroblasts (10−6–10−5 M: 97.6–84.8 %). The aqueous extract in equimolar concentrations showed the most potent cytotoxicity after 72 h incubation (A2058: 10−6–10−5 M: 87.4–55.0 %). All tested substances elicited chemorepellent effect in melanoma cells, while in MRC-5 fibroblasts, only the alizarin exhibited such a repellent character. Indices of chemokinesis measured by holographic microscopy (migration, migration directness, motility and motility speed) were significantly enhanced by alizarin and purpurin as well, while morphometric changes were weak in the two melanoma cell lines. Conclusions Our results highlight the effective and selective inhibitory activity of purpurin towards melanoma cells and its possible use as a targeted anticancer agent. The anthraquinones of the cytotoxic extract are suggested to apply in drug delivery systems as an anticancer drug. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12935-015-0271-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Lajkó
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, 1089 Hungary
| | - Péter Bányai
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, Budapest, 1085 Hungary
| | - Zsófia Zámbó
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, 1089 Hungary
| | - László Kursinszki
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, Budapest, 1085 Hungary
| | - Éva Szőke
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, Budapest, 1085 Hungary
| | - László Kőhidai
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, 1089 Hungary
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Ranjitha S, Rajarajan G, Gnanendra TS, Anbarasan PM, Aroulmoji V. Structural and optical properties of Purpurin for dye-sensitized solar cells. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 149:997-1008. [PMID: 26037779 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we reported a combined experimental and theoretical study on molecular structure, vibrational spectra and Homo-Lumo analysis of Purpurin and TiO2/Purpurin. The geometries, electronic structures, molecular orbital analysis of natural dye sensitizer Purpurin were studied based on density functional theory (DFT) using the hybrid functional B3LYP. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and FT-Raman spectra have been recorded and extensive spectroscopic investigations have been carried out on Purpurin. The optimized geometries, wave number and intensity of the vibrational bands of Purpurin have been calculated using density functional level of theory (DFT/B3LYP) employing 6-311G (d,p) basis set. Based on the comparison between calculated and experimental results, assignments of the fundamental vibrational modes are examined. Features of the electronic absorption spectrum in the visible and near-UV regions were assigned based on TD-DFT calculations. The calculated results suggest that the three excited states with the lowest excited energies in 1,2,4, trihydroxy 9-10 anthraquinone was due to photo-induced electron transfer processes. Frontier molecular orbitals (FMO), LUMO, HOMO, and energy gap, of these dyes have been analyzed to show their effect on the process of electron injection and dye regeneration. Interaction between HOMO and LUMO of Purpurin are investigated to understand the recombination process and charge transfer process involving these dyes. We also performed analysis of I-V characteristics to investigate the role of charge transfer and the stability of the dye molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ranjitha
- Velalar College of Engineering and Technology, Thindal, Erode, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - G Rajarajan
- Selvam College of Technology, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - T S Gnanendra
- Center for Research and Development, Mahendra Educational Institutions, Mahendhirapuri, Mallasamudram, Namakkal District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P M Anbarasan
- Department of Physics, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V Aroulmoji
- Center for Research and Development, Mahendra Educational Institutions, Mahendhirapuri, Mallasamudram, Namakkal District, Tamil Nadu, India
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Hassan SSM, Kamel AH, El-Naby HA. Flow-Through Potentiometric Sensors for Alizarin Red S Dye and Their Application for Aluminum Determination. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201300293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Cysewski P, Jeliński T. Accuracy of color prediction of anthraquinone dyes in methanol solution estimated from first principle quantum chemistry computations. J Mol Model 2012; 19:4089-97. [PMID: 23250806 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-012-1717-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The electronic spectrum of four different anthraquinones (1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone, 1-aminoanthraquinone, 2-aminoanthraquinone and 1-amino-2-methylanthraquinone) in methanol solution was measured and used as reference data for theoretical color prediction. The visible part of the spectrum was modeled according to TD-DFT framework with a broad range of DFT functionals. The convoluted theoretical spectra were validated against experimental data by a direct color comparison in terms of CIE XYZ and CIE Lab tristimulus model color. It was found, that the 6-31G** basis set provides the most accurate color prediction and there is no need to extend the basis set since it does not improve the prediction of color. Although different functionals were found to give the most accurate color prediction for different anthraquinones, it is possible to apply the same DFT approach for the whole set of analyzed dyes. Especially three functionals seem to be valuable, namely mPW1LYP, B1LYP and PBE0 due to very similar spectra predictions. The major source of discrepancies between theoretical and experimental spectra comes from L values, representing the lightness, and the a parameter, depicting the position on green→magenta axis. Fortunately, the agreement between computed and observed blue→yellow axis (parameter b) is very precise in the case of studied anthraquinone dyes in methanol solution. Despite discussed shortcomings, color prediction from first principle quantum chemistry computations can lead to quite satisfactory results, expressed in terms of color space parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Cysewski
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Kurpińskiego 5, 85-950, Bydgoszcz, Poland,
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Caro Y, Anamale L, Fouillaud M, Laurent P, Petit T, Dufosse L. Natural hydroxyanthraquinoid pigments as potent food grade colorants: an overview. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2012; 2:174-193. [PMCID: PMC4131637 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-012-0086-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanis Caro
- />Département Agroalimentaire, ESIROI, Université de La Réunion, Sainte-Clotilde, Ile de la Réunion, France
- />LCSNSA, Faculté des Sciences et des Technologies, Université de La Réunion, Sainte-Clotilde, Ile de la Réunion, France
| | - Linda Anamale
- />Département Agroalimentaire, ESIROI, Université de La Réunion, Sainte-Clotilde, Ile de la Réunion, France
- />LCSNSA, Faculté des Sciences et des Technologies, Université de La Réunion, Sainte-Clotilde, Ile de la Réunion, France
| | - Mireille Fouillaud
- />Département Agroalimentaire, ESIROI, Université de La Réunion, Sainte-Clotilde, Ile de la Réunion, France
- />LCSNSA, Faculté des Sciences et des Technologies, Université de La Réunion, Sainte-Clotilde, Ile de la Réunion, France
| | - Philippe Laurent
- />LCSNSA, Faculté des Sciences et des Technologies, Université de La Réunion, Sainte-Clotilde, Ile de la Réunion, France
- />Département Génie Biologique, IUT, Université de La Réunion, Saint-Pierre, Ile de la Réunion, France
| | - Thomas Petit
- />LCSNSA, Faculté des Sciences et des Technologies, Université de La Réunion, Sainte-Clotilde, Ile de la Réunion, France
- />Département Génie Biologique, IUT, Université de La Réunion, Saint-Pierre, Ile de la Réunion, France
| | - Laurent Dufosse
- />Département Agroalimentaire, ESIROI, Université de La Réunion, Sainte-Clotilde, Ile de la Réunion, France
- />LCSNSA, Faculté des Sciences et des Technologies, Université de La Réunion, Sainte-Clotilde, Ile de la Réunion, France
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Amelioration of oxidative stress in bio-membranes and macromolecules by non-toxic dye from Morinda tinctoria (Roxb.) roots. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:2062-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Revised: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Cysewski P, Jeliński T, Przybyłek M, Shyichuk A. Color prediction from first principle quantum chemistry computations: a case of alizarin dissolved in methanol. NEW J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2nj40327g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Amelioration of oxidative stress by anthraquinones in various in vitro assays. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(12)60245-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Ksouri R, Ksouri WM, Jallali I, Debez A, Magné C, Hiroko I, Abdelly C. Medicinal halophytes: potent source of health promoting biomolecules with medical, nutraceutical and food applications. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2011; 32:289-326. [PMID: 22129270 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2011.630647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Salt-tolerant plants grow in a wide variety of saline habitats, from coastal regions, salt marshes and mudflats to inland deserts, salt flats and steppes. Halophytes living in these extreme environments have to deal with frequent changes in salinity level. This can be done by developing adaptive responses including the synthesis of several bioactive molecules. Consequently, several salt marsh plants have traditionally been used for medical, nutritional, and even artisanal purposes. Currently, an increasing interest is granted to these species because of their high content in bioactive compounds (primary and secondary metabolites) such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, carotenoids, vitamins, sterols, essential oils (terpenes), polysaccharides, glycosides, and phenolic compounds. These bioactive substances display potent antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumoral activities, and therefore represent key-compounds in preventing various diseases (e.g. cancer, chronic inflammation, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disorder) and ageing processes. The ongoing research will lead to the utilisation of halophytes as a new source of healthy products as functional foods, nutraceuticals or active principles in several industries. This contribution focuses on the ethnopharmacological uses of halophytes in traditional medicine and reviews recent investigations on their biological activities and nutraceuticals. The work is distributed according to the different families of nutraceuticals (lipids, vitamins, proteins, glycosides, phenolic compounds, etc.) discussing the analytical techniques employed for their determination. Information about the claimed health promoting effects of the different families of nutraceuticals is also provided together with data on their application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riadh Ksouri
- Laboratoire des Plantes Extrêmophiles, Centre de Biotechnologie à la Technopole de BorjCédria (CBBC), BP 901, 2050 Hammam-lif, Tunisia.
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Andleeb S, Atiq N, Parmar A, Robson GD, Ahmed S. An HPLC method development for the assessment of degradation products of anthraquinone dye. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2011; 176:597-604. [PMID: 20680441 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-010-1606-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2010] [Accepted: 07/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the development of a simple and sensitive method with reduced run time for the estimation of biodegradation product of an anthraquinone dye, Drimarene blue K(2)RL. The chromatographic analysis was performed using a reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a Lichrospher® RP-18 column, 5 μm particle size, 25 cm × 4.6 mm internal diameter using a 70:20:10 (v/v) mixture of acetonitrile-ammonium acetate buffer (0.02 M) with 0.8% Trifluoroacetic acid (pH 2.5) and methanol as eluent. Flow rate was adjusted to 1.2 mL min(-1). The metabolites (phthalic acid, benzoic acid, 1, 4-dihydroxyanthraquinone, and 2,3-dihydro-9,10-dihydroxy-1,4-anthracenedione) were identified by running HPLC grade standards in defined concentrations. The retention time of the compounds were 2.0, 2.5, 5.2, and 7.2 min for phthalic acid, benzoic acid, 1, 4-dihydroxyanthraquinone, and 2,3-dihydro- 9,10-dihydroxy-1,4-anthracenedione, respectively. The reliability, sensitivity, and validation of the method were checked by calculating recoveries of the individual compounds in the acetonitrile and dye degradation media. The lower limits of detection for anthraquinone metabolites and the separation of acid and anthraquinone metabolites in short time were achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saadia Andleeb
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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High-performance liquid chromatography–off line mass spectrometry analysis of anthraquinones produced by Geosmithia lavendula. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:6296-302. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2010] [Revised: 08/02/2010] [Accepted: 08/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Farizadeh K, Montazer M, Yazdanshenas ME, Rashidi A, Malek RMA. Extraction, identification and sorption studies of dyes from madder on wool. J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.30051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Doskocz M, Kubas K, Frąckowiak A, Gancarz R. NMR and ab initio studies of Mg2+, Ca2+, Zn2+, Cu2+ alizarin complexes. Polyhedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2009.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Mishchenko NP, Fedoreev SA, Bryukhanov VM, Zverev YF, Lampatov VV, Azarova OV, Shkryl’ YN, Chernoded GK. Chemical composition and pharmacological activity of anthraquinones from Rubia cordifolia cell culture. Pharm Chem J 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-008-0021-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Boldizsár I, Szucs Z, Füzfai Z, Molnár-Perl I. Identification and quantification of the constituents of madder root by gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1133:259-74. [PMID: 16962601 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2006] [Revised: 08/08/2006] [Accepted: 08/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The possibilities in the identification and quantitation of the constituents of Rubia tinctorum L.'s root, called also madder root, was described and compared by gas chromatography (GC)-MS, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-UV/photodiode array detection (DAD) and HPLC-MS: chromatographic analyses were carried out in parallel, from the same samples/extracts/hydrolyzates. Anthraquinone glycosides, anthraquinones, carboxylic acids and sugars were determined directly in the presence of the matrix and in its extracts without and subsequently to hydrolyses. Hydrolyses were performed as a function of time, with hydrochloric and trifluoroacetic acids, as well as enzymatically. Data revealed that as hydrolyzing agent trifluoroacetic acid is to be preferred. Madder root's anthraquinones (pseudopurpurin/purpurin, alizarin, lucidin, munjistin, nordamnacanthal) were identified on the basis of their absorption spectra (HPLC-DAD) and fragmentation patterns by GC-MS and HPLC-MS, equally. Reproducibility of anthraquinone's quantitation, by HPLC-DAD and GC-MS, in the concentration ranges of 4 x 10(-5) to 3 x 10(-2)g/g dried sample, provided an average reproducibility of 4.2% (varying between 0.9 and 9.4% relative standard deviation (RSD percentages)). Carboxylic acids (malic, citric, quinic, rosmarinic acids) and saccharides (xylose, ribose, fructose, glucose, sucrose, primverose) were quantified as their trimethylsilyl (oxime) ether/ester derivatives by GC-MS, in the concentration ranges of 10(-5)g to 10(-2)g/g dried sample, with an average reproducibility of 4.7% RSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Boldizsár
- Department of Plant Anatomy, L. Eötvös University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest 1117, Hungary
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