1
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Nikmaram N, Brückner L, Cramer B, Humpf HU, Keener K. Degradation products of aflatoxin M 1 (AFM 1) formed by high voltage atmospheric cold plasma (HVACP) treatment. Toxicon 2023; 230:107160. [PMID: 37187228 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Cold plasma technology is a novel non-thermal technology that has shown promising results for food decontamination and improving food safety. This study is a continuation of a previous investigation of the treatment of AFM1-contaminated skim and whole milk samples by HVACP. Previous research has shown HVACP is effective in degrading aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in milk. The goal of this study is to identify the degradation products of AFM1 after HVACP treatment in pure water. An HVACP direct treatment at 90 kV using modified air (MA65: 65% O2, 30% CO2, 5% N2) was performed for up to 5 min at room temperature on a 5.0 mL water sample in a Petri dish artificially contaminated with 2 μg/mL of AFM1. The degradants of AFM1 were analyzed and their molecular formulae were elucidated by using high-performance liquid-chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-TOF-MS). Three main degradation products were observed and based on mass spectrometric fragmentation pathways, chemical structures for the degradation products were tentatively assigned. According to the structure-bioactivity relationship of AFM1, the bioactivity of the AFM1 samples treated with HVACP was reduced due to the disappearance of the C8-C9 double bond in the furofuran ring in all of the degradation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nooshin Nikmaram
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, N1G 2W1, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Lea Brückner
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Benedikt Cramer
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Humpf
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Kevin Keener
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, N1G 2W1, Guelph, ON, Canada.
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2
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Esmaeili Z, Hosseinzadeh Samani B, Nazari F, Rostami S, Nemati A. The green technology of cold plasma jet on the inactivation of
Aspergillus flavus
and the total aflatoxin level in pistachio and its quality properties. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.14189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Esmaeili
- Department of Mechanical Engineering of Biosystem Shahrekord University Shahrekord Iran
| | | | - Firouzeh Nazari
- Food and Drug Affairs Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Sajad Rostami
- Department of Mechanical Engineering of Biosystem Shahrekord University Shahrekord Iran
| | - Alireza Nemati
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection Shahrekord University Shahrekord Iran
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3
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An NN, Shang N, Zhao X, Tie XY, Guo WB, Li D, Wang LJ, Wang Y. Occurrence, Regulation, and Emerging Detoxification Techniques of Aflatoxins in Maize: A Review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2158339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nan-nan An
- College of Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, National Energy R & D Center for Non-food Biomass, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Shang
- College of Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, National Energy R & D Center for Non-food Biomass, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-yu Tie
- College of Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, National Energy R & D Center for Non-food Biomass, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-bo Guo
- College of Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, National Energy R & D Center for Non-food Biomass, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Li
- College of Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, National Energy R & D Center for Non-food Biomass, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Li-jun Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
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4
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Song C, Yang J, Wang Y, Ding G, Guo L, Qin J. Mechanisms and transformed products of aflatoxin B1 degradation under multiple treatments: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:2263-2275. [PMID: 36102160 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2121910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Aflatoxins, including aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, G2, M1, and M2, are one of the major types of mycotoxins that endangers food safety, human health, and contribute to the immeasurable loss of food and agricultural production in the world yearly. In addition, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) mainly produced by Aspergilus sp. is the most potent of these compounds and has been well documented to cause the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in humans and animals. This paper reviewed the detoxification and degradation of AFB1, including analysis and summary of the major technologies in physics, chemistry, and biology in recent years. The chemical structure and toxicity of the transformed products, and the degradation mechanisms of AFB1 are overviewed and discussed in this presented review. In addition to the traditional techniques, we also provide a prospective study on the use of emerging detoxification methods such as natural products and photocatalysis. The purpose of this work is to provide reference for AFB1 control and detoxification, and to promote the development of follow-up research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenggang Song
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yanduo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Gang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Lanping Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jianchun Qin
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
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5
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Wang YD, Song CG, Yang J, Zhou T, Zhao YY, Qin JC, Guo LP, Ding G. Accurate Identification of Degraded Products of Aflatoxin B 1 Under UV Irradiation Based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS and NMR Analysis. Front Chem 2021; 9:789249. [PMID: 34900946 PMCID: PMC8654243 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.789249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Analysis, purification, and characterization of AFB1 degraded products are vital steps for elucidation of the photocatalytic mechanism. In this report, the UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS technique was first coupled with purification and NMR spectral approaches to analyze and characterize degraded products of AFB1 photocatalyzed under UV irradiation. A total of seventeen degraded products were characterized based on the UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS analysis, in which seven ones (1-7) including four (stereo) isomers (1,2, 5, and 6) were purified and elucidated by NMR experiments. According to the structural features of AFB1 and degraded products (1-7), the possible photocatalytic mechanisms were suggested. Furthermore, AFB1 and degraded products (1-7) were evaluated against different cell lines. The results indicated that the UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS technique combined with purification, NMR spectral experiments, and biological tests was an applicable integrated approach for analysis, characterization, and toxic evaluation of degraded products of AFB1, which could be used to evaluate other mycotoxin degradation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Duo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng-Gang Song
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Yu-Yang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Chun Qin
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lan-Ping Guo
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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6
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Pressure/colorimetric dual-readout immunochromatographic test strip for point-of-care testing of aflatoxin B 1. Talanta 2021; 227:122203. [PMID: 33714473 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Immunochromatographic test strip (ITS) for point-of-care testing (POCT) has attracted prominent attention due to the advantages including rapid response, low cost and good portability. Here, we developed a sensitive ITS for detecting aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) by using dendritic platinum nanoparticles (DPNs) as novel pressure/colorimetric dual-readout probes. DPNs-labeled antibody of AFB1 were used as the signal tracer of the immunochromatographic process. After 10-min competitive immunoreaction, black color appeared on the test line of ITS due to the accumulation of DPNs, which was observed visually as a colorimetric readout for qualitation purpose. Furthermore, DPNs with peroxidase-like activity caused decomposition of hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution to produce pressure change signal in vials, which was detected by a hand-held pressure meter for quantitation purpose. With the pressure readout mode, the detection range was 0.05-10 ng mL-1, and the detection limit was 0.03 ng mL-1 (S/N = 3) for AFB1. The proposed ITS was successfully utilized for detecting AFB1 in herbal medicine samples, and the acceptable recoveries of 93.77-114.09% indicated the reliability for real sample detection. It provides a new avenue for POCT with great application potential in various area including drug and food quality control, pollutants monitoring as well as medical diagnosis.
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7
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8
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He J, Evans NM, Liu H, Zhu Y, Zhou T, Shao S. UV treatment for degradation of chemical contaminants in food: A review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:1857-1886. [PMID: 33486857 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Application of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation for the degradation of chemical contaminants in food products has gained more and more interest in the past two decades. The majority of the research in this field was on mycotoxins, especially aflatoxins and patulin, with limited studies on pesticide residues and other chemical contaminants in food. These studies have been focused on identifying the structure and toxicity of degradation products, investigating the influence of UV treatment factors on the degradation efficiency, determining the impact of UV treatment on the quality of food products, and developing updated UV treatment methods such as TiO2 induced photocatalytic degradation. The summary of published literatures provided insights into future research opportunities in this area, which include determining a standard for the UV treatment description, working with naturally contaminated samples rather than artificially spiked samples, conducting pilot plant or industrial scale studies, examining more targets and conducting multi-targets studies, and developing more innovative methods for UV treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang He
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.,College of Life and Environmental Science, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde, Hunan, China
| | - Natasha Marie Evans
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Huaizhi Liu
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yan Zhu
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ting Zhou
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Suqin Shao
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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9
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Liu Y, Mao H, Hu C, Tron T, Lin J, Wang J, Sun B. Molecular docking studies and in vitro degradation of four aflatoxins (AFB 1 , AFB 2 , AFG 1 , and AFG 2 ) by a recombinant laccase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Food Sci 2020; 85:1353-1360. [PMID: 32220140 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Here, molecular docking simulation was used to predict and compare interactions between a recombinant Trametes sp. C30 laccase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and four aflatoxins (AFB1 , AFB2 , AFG1 , and AFG2 ) as well as their degradation at a molecular level. The computational result of docking simulation indicates that each of the aflatoxins tested can interact with laccase with a binding ability of AFB1 >AFG2 >AFG1 >AFB2 . Simultaneously, it also demonstrated that aflatoxin B1 , B2 , G1 , G2 may interact near the T1 copper center of the enzyme through H-bonds and hydrophobic interactions with amino acid residues His481 and Asn288; His481; Asn288, and Asp230; His481 and Asn288. Biological degradation test was performed in vitro in the presence of a recombinant laccase. Degradation increased as incubation time increased from 12 to 60 hr and the maximum degradation obtained for AFB1 , AFB2 , AFG1 , and AFG2 was 90.33%, 74.23%, 85.24%, and 87.58%, respectively. Maximum degradation of aflatoxins was determined with a total activity 3 U laccase at 30 °C in 0.1 M phosphate buffer, pH 5.7 after 48-hr incubation. The experimental results are consistent with that of docking calculation on the biological degradation test of four aflatoxins by laccase. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: In this study, the degradation efficiencies of laccase for B and G series of aflatoxins were determined by computer simulation and verified by performing in vitro experiments. It can provide reference for rapid screening of aflatoxin degradation-related enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingli Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing) Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Huijia Mao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing) Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Chuanqin Hu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing) Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Thierry Tron
- Author Tron is with Aix Marseille Université, Centrale Marseille, CNRS, iSm2 UMR 7313, Marseille, 13397, France
| | - Junfang Lin
- College of Food Science & Institute of Food Biotechnology, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing) Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Baoguo Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing) Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
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10
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Hojnik N, Modic M, Tavčar-Kalcher G, Babič J, Walsh JL, Cvelbar U. Mycotoxin Decontamination Efficacy of Atmospheric Pressure Air Plasma. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:E219. [PMID: 31013734 PMCID: PMC6521119 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11040219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins, the toxic secondary metabolites of mould species, are a growing global concern, rendering almost 25% of all food produced unfit for human or animal consumption, thus placing immense pressure on the food supply chain. Cold Atmospheric pressure Plasma (CAP) represents a promising, low-cost, and environmentally friendly means to degrade mycotoxins with negligible effect on the quality of food products. Despite this promise, the study of CAP-mediated mycotoxin degradation has been limited to a small subset of the vast number of mycotoxins that plague the food supply chain. This study explores the degradation of aflatoxins, trichothecenes, fumonisins, and zearalenone using CAP generated in ambient air. CAP treatment was found to reduce aflatoxins by 93%, trichothecenes by 90%, fumonisins by 93%, and zearalenone by 100% after 8 minutes exposure. To demonstrate the potential of CAP-mediated mycotoxin degradation against more conventional methods, its efficiency was compared against ultraviolet C (UVC) light irradiation. In all cases, CAP was found to be considerably more efficient than UVC, with aflatoxin G1 and zearalenone being completely degraded, levels that could not be achieved using UVC irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataša Hojnik
- Laboratory for Gaseous Electronics F6, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Martina Modic
- Laboratory for Gaseous Electronics F6, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Gabrijela Tavčar-Kalcher
- Institute of Food Safety, Feed and Environment, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Janja Babič
- Institute of Food Safety, Feed and Environment, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - James L Walsh
- Department of Electrical, Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GJ, UK.
| | - Uroš Cvelbar
- Laboratory for Gaseous Electronics F6, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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11
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Misra NN, Yadav B, Roopesh MS, Jo C. Cold Plasma for Effective Fungal and Mycotoxin Control in Foods: Mechanisms, Inactivation Effects, and Applications. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 18:106-120. [PMID: 33337013 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cold plasma treatment is a promising intervention in food processing to boost product safety and extend the shelf-life. The activated chemical species of cold plasma can act rapidly against micro-organisms at ambient temperatures without leaving any known chemical residues. This review presents an overview of the action of cold plasma against molds and mycotoxins, the underlying mechanisms, and applications for ensuring food safety and quality. The cold plasma species act on multiple sites of a fungal cell resulting in loss of function and structure, and ultimately cell death. Likewise, the species cause chemical breakdown of mycotoxins through various pathways resulting in degradation products that are known to be less toxic. We argue that the preliminary reports from cold plasma research point at good potential of plasma for shelf-life extension and quality retention of foods. Some of the notable food sectors which could benefit from antimycotic and antimycotoxin efficacy of cold plasma include, the fresh produce, food grains, nuts, spices, herbs, dried meat and fish industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- N N Misra
- Center for Crops Utilization Research, Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA, USA
| | - Barun Yadav
- Dept. of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, Univ. of Alberta, Canada
| | - M S Roopesh
- Dept. of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, Univ. of Alberta, Canada
| | - Cheorun Jo
- Dept. of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food & Bioconvergence, Research Inst. of Agriculture & Life Science, Seoul National Univ., Seoul, 08826, South Korea.,Inst. of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National Univ., Pyeongchang, 25354, South Korea
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12
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Liu R, Lu M, Wang R, Wang S, Chang M, Jin Q, Wang X. Degradation of aflatoxin B1 in peanut meal by electron beam irradiation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2018.1466321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Liu
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Control of Jiangsu Province, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety at Jiangnan University, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Mengyao Lu
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Control of Jiangsu Province, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety at Jiangnan University, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Peanut oil and Protein deep processing technology, Shandong Luhua Group Co., Laiyang, Shandong Province, P. R. China
| | - Ming Chang
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Control of Jiangsu Province, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety at Jiangnan University, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Qingzhe Jin
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Control of Jiangsu Province, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety at Jiangnan University, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Control of Jiangsu Province, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety at Jiangnan University, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
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13
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Pankaj S, Shi H, Keener KM. A review of novel physical and chemical decontamination technologies for aflatoxin in food. Trends Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Hojnik N, Cvelbar U, Tavčar-Kalcher G, Walsh JL, Križaj I. Mycotoxin Decontamination of Food: Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma versus "Classic" Decontamination. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9050151. [PMID: 28452957 PMCID: PMC5450699 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9050151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by several filamentous fungi, which frequently contaminate our food, and can result in human diseases affecting vital systems such as the nervous and immune systems. They can also trigger various forms of cancer. Intensive food production is contributing to incorrect handling, transport and storage of the food, resulting in increased levels of mycotoxin contamination. Mycotoxins are structurally very diverse molecules necessitating versatile food decontamination approaches, which are grouped into physical, chemical and biological techniques. In this review, a new and promising approach involving the use of cold atmospheric pressure plasma is considered, which may overcome multiple weaknesses associated with the classical methods. In addition to its mycotoxin destruction efficiency, cold atmospheric pressure plasma is cost effective, ecologically neutral and has a negligible effect on the quality of food products following treatment in comparison to classical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataša Hojnik
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Surface Engineering and Optoelectronics, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Uroš Cvelbar
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Surface Engineering and Optoelectronics, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Gabrijela Tavčar-Kalcher
- University of Ljubljana, Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Food Safety, Feed and Environment, Gerbičeva 60, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - James L Walsh
- University of Liverpool, Department of Electrical, Engineering and Electronics, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L69 3GJ, UK.
| | - Igor Križaj
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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15
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Degradation and detoxification of aflatoxin B 1 using nitrogen gas plasma generated by a static induction thyristor as a pulsed power supply. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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16
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Mao J, He B, Zhang L, Li P, Zhang Q, Ding X, Zhang W. A Structure Identification and Toxicity Assessment of the Degradation Products of Aflatoxin B₁ in Peanut Oil under UV Irradiation. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:E332. [PMID: 27845743 PMCID: PMC5127128 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8110332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxins, a group of extremely hazardous compounds because of their genotoxicity and carcinogenicity to human and animals, are commonly found in many tropical and subtropical regions. Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation is proven to be an effective method to reduce or detoxify aflatoxins. However, the degradation products of aflatoxins under UV irradiation and their safety or toxicity have not been clear in practical production such as edible oil industry. In this study, the degradation products of aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) in peanut oil were analyzed by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatograph-Thermo Quadrupole Exactive Focus mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (UPLC-TQEF-MS/MS). The high-resolution mass spectra reflected that two main products were formed after the modification of a double bond in the terminal furan ring and the fracture of the lactone ring, while the small molecules especially nitrogen-containing compound may have participated in the photochemical reaction. According to the above results, the possible photodegradation pathway of AFB₁ in peanut oil is proposed. Moreover, the human embryo hepatocytes viability assay indicated that the cell toxicity of degradation products after UV irradiation was much lower than that of AFB₁, which could be attributed to the breakage of toxicological sites. These findings can provide new information for metabolic pathways and the hazard assessment of AFB₁ using UV detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Mao
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Bing He
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Liangxiao Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Quality Inspection & Test Center for Oilseed Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Peiwu Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Quality Inspection & Test Center for Oilseed Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Qi Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Quality Inspection & Test Center for Oilseed Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Xiaoxia Ding
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Quality Inspection & Test Center for Oilseed Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Wen Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Quality Inspection & Test Center for Oilseed Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
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17
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Degradation of AFB1 in aqueous medium by electron beam irradiation: Kinetics, pathway and toxicology. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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18
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Zitomer N, Rybak ME, Li Z, Walters MJ, Holman MR. Determination of Aflatoxin B1 in Smokeless Tobacco Products by Use of UHPLC-MS/MS. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:9131-9138. [PMID: 26452144 PMCID: PMC5697909 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b02622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This work developed a UHPLC-MS/MS method for the detection and quantitation of aflatoxins in smokeless tobacco products, which was then used to determine aflatoxin B1 concentrations in 32 smokeless tobacco products commercially available in the United States. Smokeless tobacco products were dried, milled, and amended with (13)C17-labeled internal standards, extracted in water/methanol solution in the presence of a surfactant, isolated through use of immunoaffinity column chromatography, and reconstituted in mobile phase prior to UHPLC-MS/MS analysis. The method was capable of baseline separation of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 in a 2.5 min run by use of a fused core C18 column and a water/methanol gradient. MS/MS transition (m/z) 313.3 → 241.2 was used for aflatoxin B1 quantitation, with 313.3 → 285.1 used for confirmation. The limit of detection (LOD) for aflatoxin B1 was 0.007 parts per billion (ppb). Method imprecision for aflatoxin B1 (expressed as coefficient of variation) ranged from 5.5 to 9.4%. Spike recoveries were 105-111%. Aflatoxin B1 concentrations in the smokeless tobacco products analyzed ranged from <LOD to 0.271 ppb (dry mass). Aflatoxin B1 was most frequently detected in dry snuffs and chews, whereas all moist snuff products tested were below LOD. The amounts of aflatoxin B1 detected were low relative to the 20 ppb regulatory limit established by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for foods and feeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Zitomer
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Atlanta, GA USA 30044
| | - Michael E. Rybak
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Atlanta, GA USA 30044
| | - Zhong Li
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Tobacco Products, Office of Science, Division of Product Science, Silver Spring, MD USA 20993
| | - Matthew J. Walters
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Tobacco Products, Office of Science, Division of Product Science, Silver Spring, MD USA 20993
| | - Matthew R. Holman
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Tobacco Products, Office of Science, Division of Product Science, Silver Spring, MD USA 20993
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19
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Degradation of aflatoxin B1 by low-temperature radio frequency plasma and degradation product elucidation. Eur Food Res Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-015-2439-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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20
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Miao HF, Cao M, Xu DY, Ren HY, Zhao MX, Huang ZX, Ruan WQ. Degradation of phenazone in aqueous solution with ozone: influencing factors and degradation pathways. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 119:326-333. [PMID: 25038548 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.06.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Oxidation kinetics and degradation pathways of phenazone (an analgesic and antipyretic drug) upon reaction with O3 were investigated. Kinetic studies on degradation of phenazone were carried out under different operating conditions such as temperature, pH, anions and H2O2 addition. Results showed that the degradation followed the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The reaction rate constant (kobs) of phenazone reached the maximum at 20 °C (9.653×10(-3) s(-1)). The presence of NO3(-) could enhance the degradation rate, while the addition of HCO3(-), SO4(2)(-), Cl(-) and the rise of pH showed negative effects on the ozonation of phenazone. H2O2 addition increased the phenazone degradation efficiency by 45.9% with the optimal concentration of 0.135 mM. Reaction by-products were evaluated by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS, which allowed the identification of a total of 10 by-products. The transformation pathways of phenazone ozonation consisted mainly of electrophilic addition and substitution, pyrazole ring opening, hydroxylation, dephenylization and coupling. The toxicity of these intermediate products showed that they are expected not to be more toxic than phenazone, with the exception of P7 (aniline) and P10 (1,5-dimethyl-4-((1-methyl-2-phenylhydrazinyl)methoxy)-2-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3(2H)-one).
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Feng Miao
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Meng Cao
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Dan-Yao Xu
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Hong-Yan Ren
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Ming-Xing Zhao
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Zhen-Xing Huang
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Wen-Quan Ruan
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
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21
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Wang R, Liu R, Chang M, Jin Q, Huang J, Liu Y, Wang X. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight MS for identification of electron beam from accelerator degradation products of aflatoxin B1. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 175:1548-56. [PMID: 25410803 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1377-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Electron beam irradiation was proven to be a successful method in aflatoxin degradation in earlier researches. However, the exact nature of the result radiation products generated by the aflatoxins remains unknown. Based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF MS) analysis, the solution of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in acetonitrile irradiated by electron beam degraded to two kinds of major products. The doses employed were in the range of 0 (control) to 8.60 kGy. The absorbed doses were monitored with FWT-60-00 radio-chromic dosimeters. By using UPLC-Q-TOF MS, accurate masses and proposed molecular formula for the degradation products, 261.1233 m/z (C14H13O5) and 299.1104 m/z (C17H15O5), were obtained from low mass error and high matching properties. Structural formula for the radio-degradation products and the degradation pathways leading to the compounds were proposed, based on the molecular formula and MS-MS spectra. The results showed that electron beam (EB) irradiation is an effective method for degrading AFB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
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22
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Hird SJ, Lau BPY, Schuhmacher R, Krska R. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for the determination of chemical contaminants in food. Trends Analyt Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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23
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Womack ED, Brown AE, Sparks DL. A recent review of non-biological remediation of aflatoxin-contaminated crops. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2014; 94:1706-1714. [PMID: 24319007 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxins are highly toxic, mutagenic, teratogenic and carcinogenic compounds produced predominantly as secondary metabolites by certain species of fungi belonging to the Aspergillus genus. Owing to the significant health risks and economic impacts associated with the presence of aflatoxins in agricultural commodities, a considerable amount of research has been directed at finding methods to prevent toxicity. This review compiles the recent literature of methods for the detoxification and management of aflatoxin in post-harvest agricultural crops using non-biological remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika D Womack
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
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24
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Decolorization and biodegradation of triphenylmethane dyes by a novel Rhodococcus qingshengii JB301 isolated from sawdust. ANN MICROBIOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-014-0801-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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25
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Chang M, Jin Q, Liu Y, Liu R, Wang X. Efficiency and safety evaluation of photodegradation of Aflatoxin B1on peanut surface. Int J Food Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Safety; Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition; School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi 214122 Jiangsu China
| | - Qingzhe Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Safety; Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition; School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi 214122 Jiangsu China
| | - Yuanfa Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Safety; Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition; School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi 214122 Jiangsu China
| | - Ruijie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Safety; Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition; School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi 214122 Jiangsu China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Safety; Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition; School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi 214122 Jiangsu China
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26
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Luo X, Wang R, Wang L, Wang Y, Chen Z. Structure elucidation and toxicity analyses of the degradation products of aflatoxin B1 by aqueous ozone. Food Control 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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27
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Diao E, Shan C, Hou H, Wang S, Li M, Dong H. Structures of the ozonolysis products and ozonolysis pathway of aflatoxin B1 in acetonitrile solution. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:9364-9370. [PMID: 22920447 DOI: 10.1021/jf302528e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The ozonolysis of aflatoxin B(1) (400 μg/mL) in acetonitrile solution was conducted with an ozone concentration of 6.28 mg/L at the flow rate of 60 mL/min for different times. The results showed that ozone was an effective detoxification agent because of its powerful oxidative role. Thin-layer chromatography and liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectra were applied to confirm and identify the ozonolysis products of aflatoxin B(1). A total of 13 products were identified, and 6 of them were main products. The structural identification of these products provided effective information for understanding the ozonolysis pathway of aflatoxin B(1). Two ozonolysis pathways were proposed on the basis of the accurate mass and molecular formulas of these product ions. Nine ozonolysis products came from the first oxidative pathway based on the Criegee mechanism, and the other four products were produced from the second pathway based on the oxidative and electrophilic reactions of ozone. According to the toxicity mechanism of aflatoxin B(1) to animals, the toxicity of aflatoxin B(1) was significantly reduced because of the disappearance of the double bond on the terminal furan ring or the lactone moiety on the benzene ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enjie Diao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, People's Republic of China
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28
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Wang F, Xie F, Xue X, Wang Z, Fan B, Ha Y. Structure elucidation and toxicity analyses of the radiolytic products of aflatoxin B1 in methanol-water solution. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 192:1192-1202. [PMID: 21782337 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Revised: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The identification of the radiolytic products of mycotoxins is a key issue in the feasibility study of gamma ray radiation detoxification. Methanol-water solution (60:40, v/v) spiked with aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1); 20 mg L(-1)) was irradiated with Co(60) gamma ray to generate radiolytic products. Liquid chromatography-quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry was applied to identify the radiolytic products of AFB(1). Accurate mass and proposed molecular formulas with a high-matching property of more than 20 radiolytic products were obtained. Seven key radiolytic products were proposed based on the molecular formulas and tandem mass spectrometry spectra. The analyses of toxicity and formation pathways were proposed based on the structure of the radiolytic products. The addition reaction caused by the free-radical species in the methanol-water solution resulted in the formation of most radiolytic products. Based on the structure-activity relationship analysis, the toxicity of radiolytic products was significantly reduced compared with that of AFB(1) because of the addition reaction that occurred on the double bond in the terminal furan ring. For this reason, gamma irradiation is deemed an effective tool for the detoxification of AFB(1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Institute of Agro-food Science and Technology of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2nd Yuanmingyuan West Road, Hai Dian District, Beijing 100193, PR China
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29
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Liu R, Jin Q, Huang J, Liu Y, Wang X, Zhou X, Mao W, Wang S. In vitro toxicity of aflatoxin B1 and its photodegradation products in HepG2 cells. J Appl Toxicol 2011; 32:276-81. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.1669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2010] [Revised: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Safety; School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; China
| | - Qingzhe Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Safety; School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; China
| | - Jianhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Safety; School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; China
| | - Yuanfa Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Safety; School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Safety; School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; China
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30
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Liu R, Jin Q, Huang J, Liu Y, Wang X, Mao W, Wang S. Photodegradation of Aflatoxin B1 in peanut oil. Eur Food Res Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-011-1452-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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31
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Liu R, Jin Q, Tao G, Shan L, Huang J, Liu Y, Wang X, Mao W, Wang S. Photodegradation kinetics and byproducts identification of the Aflatoxin B1 in aqueous medium by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2010; 45:553-559. [PMID: 20446314 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A photodegradation study of Aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)) in water solution was performed under UV irradiation at different AFB(1) initial concentrations and UV irradiation intensities. The effect of UV intensity on the AFB(1) photodegradation ratio is dominative, when compared with AFB(1) initial concentration. The photodegradation of AFB(1) was proved to follow first-order reaction kinetics (R(2) > or = 0.99). Three photodegradation products, i.e. P(1) (C(17)H(14)O(7)), P(2) (C(16)H(14)O(6)) and P(3) (C(16)H(12)O(7)), were identified on the basis of low mass error and high matching property by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF MS), and the degradation pathway was proposed. This study first reports the appearance of these photodegradation products and the proposed degradation pathway in aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, PR China
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