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Bailey MJ, de Puit M, Romolo FS. Surface Analysis Techniques in Forensic Science: Successes, Challenges, and Opportunities for Operational Deployment. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2022; 15:173-196. [PMID: 35167323 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061020-124221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Surface analysis techniques have rapidly evolved in the last decade. Some of these are already routinely used in forensics, such as for the detection of gunshot residue or for glass analysis. Some surface analysis approaches are attractive for their portability to the crime scene. Others can be very helpful in forensic laboratories owing to their high spatial resolution, analyte coverage, speed, and specificity. Despite this, many proposed applications of the techniques have not yet led to operational deployment. Here, we explore the application of these techniques to the most important traces commonly found in forensic casework. We highlight where there is potential to add value and outline the progress that is needed to achieve operational deployment. We consider within the scope of this review surface mass spectrometry, surface spectroscopy, and surface X-ray spectrometry. We show how these tools show great promise for the analysis of fingerprints, hair, drugs, explosives, and microtraces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie J Bailey
- Department of Chemistry, Stag Hill Campus, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom;
| | - Marcel de Puit
- Netherlands Forensic Institute, The Hague, The Netherlands
- Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
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Jang M, Yang H, Lee H, Lee KS, Oh JY, Jeon H, Ok YS, Hwang SY, Park J, Oh DX. A sensitive environmental forensic method that determines bisphenol S and A exposure within receipt-handling through fingerprint analysis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127410. [PMID: 34634704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As human beings have been consistently exposed to bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol S (BPS) derived from various products, the intake of BPS/BPA to humans has been extensively studied. However, using conventional biological matrices such as urine, blood, or dissected skin to detect BPS/BPA in the human body system requires longer exposure time to them, hardly defines the pollutant source of the accumulated BPS/BPA, and is often invasive. Herein, our new approach i.e. fingerprint analysis quantitatively confirms the transfer of BPS/BPA from receipts (specific pollution source) to human skin only within receipt-handling of "20 s". When receipts (fingertip region size; ~1 cm2) containing 100-300 μg of BPS or BPA are handled, 20-40 μg fingerprint-1 of BPS or BPA is transferred to human skin (fingertip). This transferred amount of BPS/BPA can still be toxic according to the toxicity test using water fleas. As a visual evidence, a fingerprint map that matches the distribution of the absorbed BPS/BPA is developed using a mass spectrometry imaging tool. This is the first study to analyze fingerprints to determine the incorporation mechanism of emerging pollutants. This study provides an efficient and non-invasive environmental forensic tool to analyze amounts and sources of hazardous substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jang
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44425, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemin Yang
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44425, Republic of Korea
| | - Huichan Lee
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44425, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Seon Lee
- Applied Surface Technology Ascend (ASTA), Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Yeon Oh
- Applied Surface Technology Ascend (ASTA), Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonyeol Jeon
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44425, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center, APRU Sustainable Waste Management Program, & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Yeon Hwang
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44425, Republic of Korea; Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeyoung Park
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44425, Republic of Korea; Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongyeop X Oh
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44425, Republic of Korea; Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
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Amin MO, Al-Hetlani E, Lednev IK. Trends in vibrational spectroscopy of fingermarks for forensic purposes. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ramachandran K, Kumari A, Nath Acharyya J, Chaudhary AK. Study of photo induced charge transfer mechanism of PEDOT with nitro groups of RDX, HMX and TNT explosives using anti-stokes and stokes Raman lines ratios. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 251:119360. [PMID: 33453599 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The paper reports the charge transfer mechanism between poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and high energy materials such as RDX, HMX and TNT, respectively in terms of ratios of anti-stokes (AS) and stokes(S) Raman lines of NO2 bands. Generally it works as an effective sensing medium for the detection of explosives when mixed in an equal proportion and are subjected to 532 nm wavelength without any chemical treatment [1]. The pristine PEDOT is less sensitive to 532 nm wavelength (2.33 eV) but influences the Raman S and AS lines of explosives in the mixture. The study also reveals that a small quantity (one milligram) of PEDOT is sufficient to initiate the positive charge transfer mechanism between its oxidized state to the lone pairs of electrons on the oxygen atoms of the nitro group of the explosive molecules. Consequently, the intensity of the Raman spectra of RDX, HMX and TNT is dropped by an order of 22.5, 11.45 and 17.2 times, respectively along with the shift of the NO2 vibrational modes. It is also attributed to Photon-electron-phonon interaction. Finally, we have estimated the reduced mass of the functional group to ascertain the force constant and the intensity ratios of AS /S lines to confirm the charge transfer mechanism. The effect of charge transfer mechanism is also reflected in drastic change in transmission /absorption characteristics of FTIR spectra of same PEDOT and explosive mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ramachandran
- Advanced Centre for Research in High Energy Materials, University of Hyderabad, Telangana, 500046, India; National Center for Physical Acoustics, The University of Mississippi, 145 Hill Drive University, MS 38677- 1848, United States
| | - Archana Kumari
- Advanced Centre for Research in High Energy Materials, University of Hyderabad, Telangana, 500046, India
| | - Jitendra Nath Acharyya
- Advanced Centre for Research in High Energy Materials, University of Hyderabad, Telangana, 500046, India; Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, Delhi 110016, India
| | - A K Chaudhary
- Advanced Centre for Research in High Energy Materials, University of Hyderabad, Telangana, 500046, India.
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Simultaneous imaging of latent fingermarks and detection of analytes of forensic relevance by laser ablation direct analysis in real time imaging-mass spectrometry (LADI-MS). Forensic Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2019.100173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Pluháček T, Švidrnoch M, Maier V, Havlíček V, Lemr K. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry imaging: A personal identification based on a gunshot residue analysis on latent fingerprints. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1030:25-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.05.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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7
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Wei Q, Zhang M, Ogorevc B, Zhang X. Recent advances in the chemical imaging of human fingermarks (a review). Analyst 2018; 141:6172-6189. [PMID: 27704072 DOI: 10.1039/c6an01121g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the considerable advances in the chemical imaging of human fingermarks that provide more chemical information, including numerous endogenous and exogenous constituents. Despite remarkable development in DNA analysis and recognition, human fingermark analysis remains one of the priority approaches available for obtaining reliable forensic evidence. Additional information about the donor can be obtained from the chemical composition of latent fingermarks in addition to the ridge pattern, such as the age, gender, medical history, and possible drug habits. The analytical approaches reviewed here include spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, immuno-labelling and electrochemical methods. Each method has different capabilities with respect to sensitivity, reproducibility, selectivity, reliability and ultimately applicability, either for use in routine forensic practice or in academic research work. The advantages of spectroscopic techniques, including infrared, Raman and micro-X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, are the capabilities of a rapid and non-destructive imaging of fingermarks by providing spectral information on chemical composition. In addition, mass spectrometry imaging can provide spatially specific information on fingermark chemical composition. Recently, the use of immuno-labelling in latent fingermark detection has attracted significant attention because it can overcome the sensitivity and selectivity problems experienced with other existing methods. The electrochemical method has also been employed to image latent fingermarks by measuring the electric current changes with the spatial chemical composition from the ridges and valleys at high resolution to provide a third level of detail, which is especially useful for multicoloured background surfaces or for surfaces contaminated with blood or other bodily fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianhui Wei
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Meiqin Zhang
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Božidar Ogorevc
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Xueji Zhang
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
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Lees H, Zapata F, Vaher M, García-Ruiz C. Study of the adhesion of explosive residues to the finger and transfer to clothing and luggage. Sci Justice 2018; 58:415-424. [PMID: 30446070 DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
It is important to understand the extent of transfer of explosive particles to different surfaces in order to better evaluate potential cross-contamination by explosives in crowded security controls such as those at airports. This work investigated the transfer of nine explosive residues (ANFO, dynamite, black powder, TNT, HMTD, PETN, NH4NO3, KNO3, NaClO3) through fingerprints from one surface to another. First, the extent of adhesion of explosive residues from different surfaces to the bare finger, nitrile and latex gloves was studied. Then, the transfer of explosive residues from one surface to another through fingerprints was investigated. Cotton fabric (hereinafter referred to as cotton) as clothing material and polycarbonate plastic (hereinafter referred to as polycarbonate) as luggage material were chosen for the experiments. These surfaces containing explosive particles were imaged using a reflex camera before and after the particles were transferred. Afterwards the images were processed in MATLAB where pixels corresponding to explosive residues were quantified. Results demonstrated that transfer of explosive residues frequently occurred with certain differences among materials. Generally, the amount of explosive particles adhered to the finger decreased in the following order: skin>latex>nitrile, while the transfer of particles from the finger to another surface was the opposite. The adhesion of explosive residues from polycarbonate to the finger was found to be better compared to cotton, while the amount of particles transferred to cotton was higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Lees
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Félix Zapata
- Inquifor Research Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and University Institute of Research in Police Sciences (IUICP), University of Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona km 33.600, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Merike Vaher
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Carmen García-Ruiz
- Inquifor Research Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and University Institute of Research in Police Sciences (IUICP), University of Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona km 33.600, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
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9
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Lees H, Zapata F, Vaher M, García-Ruiz C. Simple multispectral imaging approach for determining the transfer of explosive residues in consecutive fingerprints. Talanta 2018; 184:437-445. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.02.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Andersson PO, Lejon C, Mikaelsson T, Landström L. Towards Fingermark Dating: A Raman Spectroscopy Proof-of-Concept Study. ChemistryOpen 2017; 6:706-709. [PMID: 29226058 PMCID: PMC5715318 DOI: 10.1002/open.201700129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Fingermarks have, for a long time, been vital in the forensic community for the identification of individuals, and a possibility to non‐destructively date the fingermarks would of course be beneficial. Raman spectroscopy is, herein, evaluated for the purpose of estimating the age of fingermarks deposits. Well‐resolved spectra were non‐destructively acquired to reveal spectral uniqueness, resembling those of epidermis, and several molecular markers were identified that showed different decay kinetics: carotenoids > squalene > unsaturated fatty acids > proteins. The degradation rates were accelerated, less pronounced for proteins, when samples were stored under ambient light conditions, likely owing to photo‐oxidation. It is hypothesized that fibrous proteins are present and that oxidation of amino acid side chains can be observed both through Raman and fluorescence spectroscopy. Clearly, Raman spectroscopy is a useful technique to non‐destructively study the aging processes of fingermarks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Ola Andersson
- CBRN Defence and Security FOI Swedish Defence Research Agency SE-901 82 Umeå Sweden.,Department of Engineering Sciences Uppsala University SE-751 21 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Christian Lejon
- CBRN Defence and Security FOI Swedish Defence Research Agency SE-901 82 Umeå Sweden
| | - Therese Mikaelsson
- National CBRN Defence Centre The Swedish Armed Forces SE-901 82 Umeå Sweden
| | - Lars Landström
- CBRN Defence and Security FOI Swedish Defence Research Agency SE-901 82 Umeå Sweden
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11
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Lauzon N, Dufresne M, Beaudoin A, Chaurand P. Forensic analysis of latent fingermarks by silver-assisted LDI imaging MS on nonconductive surfaces. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2017; 52:397-404. [PMID: 28444846 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Silver-assisted laser desorption ionization (AgLDI) imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) has been demonstrated to be a useful technology for fingermark analysis allowing for the detection of several classes of endogenous as well as exogenous compounds. Ideally, in IMS analyses, the fingermarks are deposited under controlled conditions on metallized conductive target slides. However, in forensic investigations, fingermarks are often found on a variety of nonconductive surfaces. A sputtered silver layer renders the target surface conductive, which allows the analyses of insulating surfaces by time-of-flight IMS. Ultimately, the major consideration when developing analytical methods for the analysis of latent fingermarks is their capability to be incorporated within forensic standard operational procedures. To demonstrate the potential of AgLDI IMS for forensic applications, fingermarks deposited on nonconductive surfaces commonly found during an investigation, including paper, cardboard, plastic bags and lifting tape, were first revealed by the Sûreté du Québec by using forensic enhancement techniques prior to the IMS analyses. Numerous endogenous compounds including fatty acids, cholesterol, squalene, wax esters, triglycerides and several exogenous substances were detected and imaged. Here, we show that silver sputtering can provide visual enhancements of fingerprint patterns after FET procedures through different scenarios in which AgLDI IMS can contribute to forensic investigations. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Lauzon
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - M Dufresne
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - A Beaudoin
- Forensic sciences department, La Sûreté du Québec, 1701 Rue Parthenais, Montreal, QC, H2K 3S7, Canada
- Department Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC, G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - P Chaurand
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
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Rasskazov G, Ryabtsev A, Dantus M. Eye-safe near-infrared trace explosives detection and imaging. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:5832-5840. [PMID: 28381055 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.005832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report the development of a non-contact no-reagents system operating in the eye-safe 1560-1800 nm wavelength range for standoff trace detection of explosives and high-speed imaging. Experimental results are provided for a number of chemicals including explosives on a variety of surfaces at sub-microgram per cm2 concentration. Chemically specific images were collected at 0.06 ms per pixel. Results from this effort indicate that the combination of modern industrial fiber lasers and nonlinear optical spectroscopy can address next generation eye-safe trace detection of chemicals including explosives.
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Bradshaw R, Denison N, Francese S. Implementation of MALDI MS profiling and imaging methods for the analysis of real crime scene fingermarks. Analyst 2017; 142:1581-1590. [DOI: 10.1039/c7an00218a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
First insights into MALDI MS based method's transition to operational casework involving fingermark analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Bradshaw
- Centre for Mass Spectrometry Imaging
- Biomolecular Research Centre
- Sheffield Hallam University
- Sheffield
- UK
| | - N. Denison
- Identification Services Yorkshire and the Humber Region
- West Yorkshire Police
- Wakefield
- UK WF27UA
| | - S. Francese
- Centre for Mass Spectrometry Imaging
- Biomolecular Research Centre
- Sheffield Hallam University
- Sheffield
- UK
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Krafft C, Schie IW, Meyer T, Schmitt M, Popp J. Developments in spontaneous and coherent Raman scattering microscopic imaging for biomedical applications. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:1819-49. [PMID: 26497570 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00564g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
First, the potential role of Raman-based techniques in biomedicine is introduced. Second, an overview about the instrumentation for spontaneous and coherent Raman scattering microscopic imaging is given with a focus of recent developments. Third, imaging strategies are summarized including sequential registration with laser scanning microscopes, line imaging and global or wide-field imaging. Finally, examples of biomedical applications are presented in the context of single cells, laser tweezers, tissue sections, biopsies and whole animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Krafft
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.
| | - I W Schie
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.
| | - T Meyer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - M Schmitt
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - J Popp
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany. and Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
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15
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Zapata F, de la Ossa MÁF, Gilchrist E, Barron L, García-Ruiz C. Progressing the analysis of Improvised Explosive Devices: Comparative study for trace detection of explosive residues in handprints by Raman spectroscopy and liquid chromatography. Talanta 2016; 161:219-227. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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16
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Girod A, Xiao L, Reedy B, Roux C, Weyermann C. Fingermark initial composition and aging using Fourier transform infrared microscopy (μ-FTIR). Forensic Sci Int 2015; 254:185-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Farrell ME, Holthoff EL, Pellegrino PM. Raman Detection of improvised explosive device (IED) material fabricated using drop-on-demand Inkjet Technology on several real world surfaces. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1117/12.2176553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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18
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McLaughlin G, Lednev IK. In Situ Identification of Semen Stains on Common Substrates via Raman Spectroscopy,. J Forensic Sci 2015; 60:595-604. [PMID: 25677855 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.12708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The spectroscopic identification of body fluids in situ is a major objective in forensic science. This approach offers the confirmatory, nondestructive, rapid, and on-scene identification of various body fluids. Although Raman spectroscopy has shown tremendous promise toward this goal in prior proof-of-concept experiments, a significant challenge which still remains is substrate interference. Here, an approach for detecting semen stains in situ on various substrates using Raman spectroscopy is explored. Simulated semen evidence was prepared on skin, glass, and various fabrics. Raman data were accumulated from stains without any pretreatment using a common confocal mapping spectrometer using 785 nm laser excitation. The results demonstrate that the spectroscopic interferences encountered by substrates can be reduced and eliminated using a combination of existing subtraction techniques and chemometric models. Heterogeneous substrates proved most challenging, however, automatic subtraction treatment, and location of fluid hotspots was able to elucidate a clear spectroscopic signature of semen in every instance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory McLaughlin
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY, 12222
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Fernández de la Ossa MÁ, García-Ruiz C, Amigo JM. Near infrared spectral imaging for the analysis of dynamite residues on human handprints. Talanta 2014; 130:315-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Farrell ME, Holthoff EL, Pellegrino PM. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering detection of ammonium nitrate samples fabricated using drop-on-demand inkjet technology. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 68:287-296. [PMID: 24666945 DOI: 10.1366/13-07035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The United States Army and the first responder community are increasingly focusing efforts on energetic materials detection and identification. Main hazards encountered in theater include homemade explosives and improvised explosive devices, in part fabricated from simple components like ammonium nitrate (AN). In order to accurately detect and identify these unknowns (energetic or benign), fielded detection systems must be accurately trained using well-understood universal testing substrates. These training substrates must contain target species at known concentrations and recognized polymorphic phases. Ammonium nitrate is an explosive precursor material that demonstrates several different polymorphic phases dependent upon how the material is deposited onto testing substrates. In this paper, known concentrations of AN were uniformly deposited onto commercially available surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates using a drop-on-demand inkjet printing system. The phase changes observed after the deposition of AN under several solvent conditions are investigated. Characteristics of the collected SERS spectra of AN are discussed, and it is demonstrated that an understanding of the exact nature of the AN samples deposited will result in an increased ability to accurately and reliably "train" hazard detection systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikella E Farrell
- U.S. Army Research Laboratory, RDRL-SEE-E, 2800 Powder Mill Rd., Adelphi, MD 20783 USA
| | - Ellen L Holthoff
- U.S. Army Research Laboratory, RDRL-SEE-E, 2800 Powder Mill Rd., Adelphi, MD 20783 USA
| | - Paul M Pellegrino
- U.S. Army Research Laboratory, RDRL-SEE-E, 2800 Powder Mill Rd., Adelphi, MD 20783 USA
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Determining the effects of routine fingermark detection techniques on the subsequent recovery and analysis of explosive residues on various substrates. Forensic Sci Int 2013; 233:257-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Emmons ED, Tripathi A, Guicheteau JA, Fountain AW, Christesen SD. Ultraviolet Resonance Raman Spectroscopy of Explosives in Solution and the Solid State. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:4158-66. [DOI: 10.1021/jp402585u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erik D. Emmons
- Science Applications International Corporation, Post Office Box 68, Gunpowder
Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010-5424, United States
| | - Ashish Tripathi
- Science Applications International Corporation, Post Office Box 68, Gunpowder
Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010-5424, United States
| | - Jason A. Guicheteau
- Research and Technology Directorate, Edgewood Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving
Ground, Maryland 21010-5424, United States
| | - Augustus W. Fountain
- Research and Technology Directorate, Edgewood Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving
Ground, Maryland 21010-5424, United States
| | - Steven D. Christesen
- Research and Technology Directorate, Edgewood Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving
Ground, Maryland 21010-5424, United States
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Weatherall JC, Barber J, Brauer CS, Johnson TJ, Su YF, Ball CD, Smith BT, Cox R, Steinke R, McDaniel P, Wasserzug L. Adapting Raman spectra from laboratory spectrometers to portable detection libraries. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 67:149-157. [PMID: 23622433 DOI: 10.1366/12-06759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Raman spectral data collected with high-resolution laboratory spectrometers are processed into a format suitable for importing as a user library on a 1064 nm DeltaNu first generation, field-deployable spectrometer prototype. The two laboratory systems used are a 1064 nm Bruker Fourier transform (FT)-Raman spectrometer and a 785 nm Kaiser dispersive spectrometer. The steps taken to adapt for device-dependent spectral resolution, wavenumber shifts between instruments, and relative intensity response are described. Effects due to the differing excitation laser wavelengths were found to be minimal, indicating--at least for the near-infrared (NIR)--that data can be ported between different systems, so long as certain measures are taken with regard to the reference and field spectra.
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Francese S, Bradshaw R, Ferguson LS, Wolstenholme R, Clench MR, Bleay S. Beyond the ridge pattern: multi-informative analysis of latent fingermarks by MALDI mass spectrometry. Analyst 2013; 138:4215-28. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an36896c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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26
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Deng S, Liu L, Liu Z, Shen Z, Li G, He Y. Line-scanning Raman imaging spectroscopy for detection of fingerprints. APPLIED OPTICS 2012; 51:3701-3706. [PMID: 22695646 DOI: 10.1364/ao.51.003701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Fingerprints are the best form of personal identification for criminal investigation purposes. We present a line-scanning Raman imaging system and use it to detect fingerprints composed of β-carotene and fish oil on different substrates. Although the line-scanning Raman system has been used to map the distribution of materials such as polystyrene spheres and minerals within geological samples, this is the first time to our knowledge that the method is used in imaging fingerprints. Two Raman peaks of β-carotene (501.2, 510.3 nm) are detected and the results demonstrate that both peaks can generate excellent images with little difference between them. The system operates at a spectra resolution of about 0.4 nm and can detect β-carotene signals in petroleum ether solution with the limit of detection of 3.4×10(-9) mol/L. The results show that the line-scanning Raman imaging spectroscopy we have built has a high accuracy and can be used in the detection of latent fingerprints in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunan Deng
- Laboratory of Optical Imaging and Sensing, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
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27
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Abstract
Raman spectroscopy is an analytical technique with vast applications in the homeland security and defense arenas. The Raman effect is defined by the inelastic interaction of the incident laser with the analyte molecule’s vibrational modes, which can be exploited to detect and identify chemicals in various environments and for the detection of hazards in the field, at checkpoints, or in a forensic laboratory with no contact with the substance. A major source of error that overwhelms the Raman signal is fluorescence caused by the background and the sample matrix. Novel methods are being developed to enhance the Raman signal’s sensitivity and to reduce the effects of fluorescence by altering how the hazard material interacts with its environment and the incident laser. Basic Raman techniques applicable to homeland security applications include conventional (off-resonance) Raman spectroscopy, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), resonance Raman spectroscopy, and spatially or temporally offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS and TORS). Additional emerging Raman techniques, including remote Raman detection, Raman imaging, and Heterodyne imaging, are being developed to further enhance the Raman signal, mitigate fluorescence effects, and monitor hazards at a distance for use in homeland security and defense applications.
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28
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Emmons ED, Farrell ME, Holthoff EL, Tripathi A, Green N, Moon RP, Guicheteau JA, Christesen SD, Pellegrino PM, Fountain AW. Characterization of polymorphic states in energetic samples of 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) fabricated using drop-on-demand inkjet technology. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2012; 66:628-635. [PMID: 22732532 DOI: 10.1366/12-06608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The United States Army and the first responder community are evaluating optical detection systems for the trace detection of hazardous energetic materials. Fielded detection systems must be evaluated with the appropriate material concentrations to accurately identify the residue in theater. Trace levels of energetic materials have been observed in mutable polymorphic phases and, therefore, the systems being evaluated must be able to detect and accurately identify variant sample phases observed in spectral data. In this work, we report on the novel application of drop-on-demand technology for the fabrication of standardized trace 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) samples. The drop-on-demand sample fabrication technique is compared both visually and spectrally to the more commonly used drop-and-dry technique. As the drop-on-demand technique allows for the fabrication of trace level hazard materials, concerted efforts focused on characterization of the polymorphic phase changes observed with low concentrations of RDX commonly used in drop-on-demand processing. This information is important when evaluating optical detection technologies using samples prepared with a drop-on-demand inkjet system, as the technology may be "trained" to detect the common bulk α phase of the explosive based on its spectral features but fall short in positively detecting a trace quantity of RDX (β-phase). We report the polymorphic shifts observed between α- and β-phases of this energetic material and discuss the conditions leading to the favoring of one phase over the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik D Emmons
- Science Applications International Corporation, Gunpowder Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010-5424, USA
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Stewart S, Priore RJ, Nelson MP, Treado PJ. Raman imaging. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2012; 5:337-60. [PMID: 22524218 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-062011-143152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The past decade has seen an enormous increase in the number and breadth of imaging techniques developed for analysis in many industries, including pharmaceuticals, food, and especially biomedicine. Rather than accept single-dimensional forms of information, users now demand multidimensional assessment of samples. High specificity and the need for little or no sample preparation make Raman imaging a highly attractive analytical technique and provide motivation for continuing advances in its supporting technology and utilization. This review discusses the current tools employed in Raman imaging, the recent advances, and the major applications in this ever-growing analytical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shona Stewart
- ChemImage Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15208, USA
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